Diébédo Francis Kéré: How to build with clay... and community

Prevodilac: Jelena Ilisić Lektor: Mile Živković

I would like to show you how

Želeo bih da vam pokažem

architecture has helped

kako je arhitektura pomogla

to change the life of my community

da se promeni život u mojoj zajednici

and has opened opportunities to hope.

i kako je pružila priliku za nadu.

I am a native of Burkina Faso.

Rođen sam u Burkini Faso.

According to the World Bank, Burkina Faso

Prema Svetskoj banci, Burkina Faso

is one of the poorest countries in the world,

je jedna od najsiromašnijih zemalja na svetu,

but what does it look like

ali kako izgleda

to grow up in a place like that?

odrastati na takvom mestu?

I am an example of that.

Ja sam primer toga.

I was born in a little village called Gando.

Rođen sam u malom selu zvanom Gando.

In Gando, there was no electricity,

U Gandu nije bilo struje,

no access to clean drinking water, and no school.

ni pristupa čistoj, pitkoj vodi, ni škole.

But my father wanted me

Ali moj otac je želeo

to learn how to read and write.

da naučim da čitam i pišem.

For this reason, I had to leave my family

Iz tog razloga, morao sam napustiti porodicu

when I was seven and to stay in a city

kad sam imao sedam godina, i otići u grad

far away from my village

daleko od mog sela,

with no contact with my family.

bez kontakta sa mojom porodicom.

In this place I sat

Na tom mestu sam sedeo

in a class like that

u razredu poput ovog,

with more than 150 other kids,

sa više od 150 dece,

and for six years.

tokom šest godina.

In this time, it just happened to me to come to school

U to vreme, desilo mi se da sam došao u školu

to realize that my classmate died.

i shvatio da je moj drug iz odelenja umro.

Today, not so much has changed.

Danas, nije se mnogo toga promenilo.

There is still no electricity in my village.

Još uvek nema struje u mom selu.

People still are dying in Burkina Faso,

Ljudi i dalje umiru u Burkini Faso,

and access to clean drinking water

i pristup čistoj vodi za piće

is still a big problem.

je i dalje veliki problem.

I had luck. I was lucky, because this is a fact of life

Imao sam sreće. Činjenica je da sam bio srećan

when you grow up in a place like that.

jer sam uspeo da odrastem na takvom mestu.

But I was lucky.

Ali imao sam sreće.

I had a scholarship.

Dobio sam stipendiju.

I could go to Germany to study.

Mogao sam ići u Nemačku da studiram.

So now, I suppose,

Tako da sada, pretpostavljam,

I don't need to explain to you how great a privilege

nema potrebe da vam objašnjavam kako je velika privilegija

it is for me to be standing before you today.

za mene što stojim ovde pred vama danas.

From Gando, my home village in Burkina Faso,

Iz Ganda, mog rodnog sela u Burkini Faso,

to Berlin in Germany to become an architect

do Berlina u Nemačkoj da bih postao arhitekta,

is a big, big step.

to je veliki, veliki korak.

But what to do with this privilege?

Ali šta da radim sa tom privilegijom?

Since I was a student, I wanted to open up

S obzirom da sam bio student, želeo sam da pružim

better opportunities to other kids in Gando.

bolje prilike ostaloj deci u Gandu.

I just wanted to use my skills and build a school.

Samo sam želeo da upotrebim svoje veštine i izgradim školu.

But how do you do it when you're still a student

Ali kako da to uradiš dok si još student

and you don't have money?

i nemaš novca?

Oh yes, I started to make drawings

O da, počeo sam da crtam

and asked for money.

i tražio novac.

Fundraising was not an easy task.

Skupljanje sredstava nije lak zadatak.

I even asked my classmates

Čak sam pitao svoje kolege studente

to spend less money on coffee and cigarettes,

da troše manje novca na kafu i cigarete,

but to sponsor my school project.

da bi sponzorisali moj projekat škole.

In real wonder, two years later,

Za pravo čudo, dve godine kasnije,

I was able to collect 50,000 U.S. dollars.

sakupio sam 50 000 američkih dolara.

When I came home to Gando

Kada sam došao kući u Gando

to bring the good news,

i doneo dobre vesti,

my people were over the moon,

moji ljudi su bili presrećni,

but when they realized

ali kada su shvatili

that I was planning to use clay,

da planiram da koristim glinu,

they were shocked.

bili su šokirani.

"A clay building is not able to stand a rainy season,

"Zgrada od gline ne može da opstane kroz kišnu sezonu,

and Francis wants us to use it and build a school.

a Fransis hoće da je koristi za izgradnju škole.

Is this the reason why he spent so much time

Da li je zato proveo tako mnogo vremena

in Europe studying

studirajući u Evropi,

instead of working in the field with us?"

umesto da je radio u polju sa nama?"

My people build all the time with clay,

Moj narod stalno gradi pomoću gline,

but they don't see any innovation with mud.

ali oni ne vide nikakvu inovaciju u blatu.

So I had to convince everybody.

Pa sam morao da ih sve ubedim.

I started to speak with the community,

Počeo sam da se obraćam zajednici,

and I could convince everybody,

i uspeo sve da ubedim,

and we could start to work.

i mogli smo početi sa radom.

And the women, the men,

I žene, i muškarci,

everybody from the village,

svi iz sela,

was part of this building process.

svi su bili deo ovog procesa izgradnje.

I was allowed to use even traditional techniques.

Bilo mi je dozvoljeno čak i da koristim tradicionalne tehnike.

So clay floor for example,

Tako na primer, zemljani pod,

the young men come and stand like that, beating,

mladići stanu ovako i udaraju

hours for hours,

satima i satima,

and then their mothers came,

a zatim dođu njihove majke,

and they are beating in this position,

i one udaraju u ovom položaju,

for hours, giving water and beating.

satima, dodaju vodu i udaraju.

And then the polishers come.

Zatim su došli ljudi koji poliraju.

They start polishing it with a stone for hours.

Poliraju kamenom satima.

And then you have this result,

I onda imate ovaj rezultat,

very fine, like a baby bottom.

veoma fin, kao bebina guza.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

It's not photoshopped. (Laughter)

Nije obrađeno u fotošopu. (Smeh)

This is the school, built with the community.

Ovo je škola, izgrađena sa zajednicom.

The walls are totally made out

Zidovi su u celosti izgrađeni

of compressed clay blocks from Gando.

od kompresovanih, glinenih blokova iz Ganda.

The roof structure is made

Krovna konstrukcija je izgrađena

with cheap steel bars

od jeftinih čeličnih šipki

normally hiding inside concrete.

koje se inače kriju unutar betona.

And the classroom, the ceiling is made

I u učionici, plafon je napravljen

out of both of them used together.

od jednog i drugog zajedno.

In this school, there was a simple idea:

Kod ove škole, postojala je jednostavna ideja:

to create comfort in a classroom.

stvoriti komfor u učionici.

Don't forget, it can be 45 degrees in Burkina Faso,

Ne zaboravite, u Burkini Faso može biti i 45 stepeni,

so with simple ventilation,

pa sam jednostavnom ventilacijom

I wanted to make the classroom

želeo napraviti učionicu

good for teaching and learning.

dobrom za predavanje i učenje.

And this is the project today,

Ovo je projekat danas,

12 years old, still in best condition.

star 12 godina, još uvek u najboljem stanju.

And the kids, they love it.

I deca je obožavaju.

And for me and my community,

Za mene i moju zajednicu,

this project was a huge success.

ovaj projekat je bio ogroman uspeh.

It has opened up opportunities

Otvorio je prilike

to do more projects in Gando.

za mnoge projekte u Gandu.

So I could do a lot of projects,

Tako da sam mogao uraditi mnogo projekata,

and here I am going to share with you

i ovde sam da podelim sa vama

only three of them.

samo tri od njih.

The first one is the school extension, of course.

Prvi je, naravno, proširenje škole.

How do you explain drawings and engineering

Kako da objasnite nacrte i inženjerstvo

to people who are neither able to read nor write?

ljudima koji ne znaju da čitaju i pišu?

I started to build a prototype like that.

Počeo sam tako da gradim prototip.

The innovation was to build a clay vault.

Inovacija je bila izgradnja zemljanog luka.

So then, I jumped on the top like that,

Onda sam skočio tako na vrh,

with my team, and it works.

sa svojim timom, i uspelo je.

The community is looking. It still works.

Zajednica posmatra. Još uvek stoji.

So we can build. (Laughter)

Pa možemo graditi. (Smeh)

And we kept building, and that is the result.

Nastavili smo da gradimo i ovo je rezultat.

The kids are happy, and they love it.

Deca su srećna, sviđa im se.

The community is very proud. We made it.

Zajednica je veoma ponosna. Mi smo to izgradili.

And even animals, like these donkeys,

Čak i životinje, kao ovi magarci,

love our buildings.

vole naše zgrade.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

The next project is the library in Gando.

Sledeći projekat je biblioteka u Gandu.

And see now, we tried to introduce

I vidite sad, pokušali smo da uvedemo

different ideas in our buildings,

drugačije ideje u naše zgrade,

but we often don't have so much material.

ali često nemamo mnogo materijala.

Something we have in Gando are clay pots.

Nešto što imamo u Gandu su glineni lonci.

We wanted to use them to create openings.

Želeli smo da ih koristimo za stvaranje otvora.

So we just bring them like you can see

Pa ih donesemo, kao što vidite,

to the building site.

na mesto izgradnje.

we start cutting them,

Počnemo da ih sečemo,

and then we place them on top of the roof

i onda ih postavimo po krovu

before we pour the concrete,

pre nego što izlijemo beton,

and you have this result.

i imate ovaj rezultat.

The openings are letting the hot air out

Otvori puštaju van vreli vazduh,

and light in.

a svetlost unutra.

Very simple.

Veoma jednostavno.

My most recent project in Gando

Moj najskoriji projekat u Gandu

is a high school project.

je projekat srednje škole.

I would like to share with you this.

Želeo bih ovo da podelim sa vama.

The innovation in this project

Inovacija u ovom projektu

is to cast mud like you cast concrete.

je izlivanje blata, poput izlivanja betona.

How do you cast mud?

Kako izliti blato?

We start making a lot of mortars, like you can see,

Počeli smo izradom dosta maltera, kao što možete videti,

and when everything is ready,

i kada je sve spremno,

when you know what is the best recipe

kada znate koji je najbolji recept,

and the best form,

i najbolji oblik,

you start working with the community.

počnete da radite sa zajednicom.

And sometimes I can leave.

Ponekad mogu i da odem.

They will do it themselves.

Oni će uraditi sve sami.

I came to speak to you like that.

Tako sam došao i ovde da vam govorim ovo.

Another factor in Gando is rain.

Još jedan faktor u Gandu je kiša.

When the rains come,

Kada dođu kiše,

we hurry up to protect our fragile walls

mi žurimo da zaštitimo naše krhke zidove

against the rain.

od kiše.

Don't confound with Christo and Jeanne-Claude.

Nemojte da vas zbune Kristo i Žan-Klod.

It is simply how we protect our walls.

Jednostavno, tako štitimo naše zidove.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

The rain in Burkina comes very fast,

Kiša u Burkini dođe veoma brzo,

and after that, you have floods

i posle toga, imate poplave

everywhere in the country.

svugde u zemlji.

But for us, the rain is good.

Ali za nas, kiša je dobra.

It brings sand and gravel to the river

Donosi pesak i šljunak u reku,

we need to use to build.

koji su nam potrebni za gradnju.

We just wait for the rain to go.

Samo sačekamo da prođe kiša.

We take the sand, we mix it with clay,

Uzmemo pesak, pomešamo ga sa glinom,

and we keep building.

i nastavljamo da gradimo.

That is it.

To je to.

The Gando project was always connected to training the people,

Projekat Gando je uvek bio povezan sa obučavanjem ljudi,

because I just wanted, one day

jer sam želeo, da jednoga dana,

when I fall down and die,

kada padnem i umrem,

that at least one person from Gando

bar jedna osoba iz Ganda

keeps doing this work.

nastavi ovaj rad.

But you will be surprised. I'm still alive.

Ali bićete iznenađeni. Još uvek sam živ.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

And my people now can use their skills

Moji ljudi sada mogu da koriste svoje veštine

to earn money themselves.

da sami zarade novac.

Usually, for a young man from Gando to earn money,

Obično, da bi mladi čovek iz Ganda zaradio novac,

you have to leave the country

mora da napusti selo

to the city, sometimes leave the country

i ode u grad, ponekad da napusti zemlju

and some never come back,

i neki se nikad ne vrate,

making the community weaker.

što zajednicu čini slabijom.

But now they can stay in the country

Ali sada mogu ostati u zemlji

and work on different building sites

i raditi na raznim građevinskim lokacijama

and earn money to feed their family.

i zaraditi novac za svoje porodice.

There's a new quality in this work.

Postoji nov kvalitet u ovom radu.

Yes, you know it.

Da, vi to znate.

I have won a lot of awards through this work.

Osvojio sam mnogo nagrada kroz ovaj posao.

For sure, it has opened opportunities.

Zasigurno, otvorio mi je mnoge prilike.

I have become myself known.

Postao sam poznat.

But the reason why I do what I do

Ali razlog zbog kojeg radim to što radim

is my community.

je moja zajednica.

When I was a kid,

Kada sam bio dete,

I was going to school,

išao sam u školu,

I was coming back every holiday to Gando.

i za raspust sam se uvek vraćao u Gando.

By the end of every holidays,

Na kraju svakog raspusta,

I had to say goodbye to the community,

morao sam reći zbogom zajednici,

going from one compound to another one.

idući iz jedne sredine u drugu.

All women in Gando will open their clothes like that

Sve žene u Gandu bi ovako otvorile svoju odeću

and give me the last penny.

i dale mi poslednji peni.

In my culture, this is a symbol of deep affection.

U mojoj kulturi, to je simbol duboke naklonosti.

As a seven-year-old guy, I was impressed.

Kao sedmogodišnjak, bio sam impresioniran.

I just asked my mother one day,

Pitao sam majku jednoga dana:

"Why do all these women love me so much?"

"Zašto me sve ove žene toliko vole?"

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

She just answered,

Samo mi je odgovorila:

"They are contributing to pay for your education

"Doprinose plaćanju tvog školovanja

hoping that you will be successful

jer se nadaju da ćeš biti upešan

and one day come back and help

i da ćeš se jednog dana vratiti i pomoći

improve the quality of life of the community."

da se popravi kvalitet života u zajednici."

I hope now that I was able to make my community proud

Nadam se da sam uspeo da učinim zajednicu ponosnom

through this work,

kroz ovaj rad,

and I hope I was able to prove you the power

i nadam se da sam uspeo da vam dokažem

of community,

snagu zajednice,

and to show you that architecture

i da vam pokažem da arhitektura

can be inspiring for communities

može inspirisati zajednice

to shape their own future.

da oblikuju svoju budućnost.

Merci beaucoup. (Applause)

Mnogo hvala. (Aplauz)

Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you.

Hvala. Hvala.

Thank you. Thank you. (Applause)

Hvala. Hvala. (Aplauz)