Diébédo Francis Kéré: How to build with clay... and community

397,188 views ・ 2013-12-10

TED


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翻译人员: Zhiting Chen 校对人员: Shiwen He
00:12
I would like to show you how
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我想向大家展示
00:15
architecture has helped
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建筑是如何帮助我们
00:18
to change the life of my community
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改善了家乡人们的生活
00:21
and has opened opportunities to hope.
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并且打开了希望之窗
00:26
I am a native of Burkina Faso.
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我是土生土长的布基纳法索人
00:29
According to the World Bank, Burkina Faso
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据世界银行的分析称, 布基纳法索
00:32
is one of the poorest countries in the world,
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是世界上最贫困的国家之一
00:35
but what does it look like
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那么生长于这样的环境
00:38
to grow up in a place like that?
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是怎样的感觉呢?
00:41
I am an example of that.
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我本人就是一个例子
00:44
I was born in a little village called Gando.
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我出生在一个叫甘多的村庄
00:48
In Gando, there was no electricity,
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甘多那时没有电
00:52
no access to clean drinking water, and no school.
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没有清洁的饮用水, 也没有学校
00:57
But my father wanted me
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然而我的父亲希望我
00:59
to learn how to read and write.
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去学习读书和写字
01:01
For this reason, I had to leave my family
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因此,我不得不离开我的家人
01:06
when I was seven and to stay in a city
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在我7岁的时候, 移居到城市
01:09
far away from my village
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远离我的村庄
01:11
with no contact with my family.
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无法和我的家人联络
01:15
In this place I sat
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在这个城市
01:19
in a class like that
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我坐在这样的教室里
01:21
with more than 150 other kids,
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和超过150个孩子
01:24
and for six years.
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共同度过了6年
01:27
In this time, it just happened to me to come to school
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在这期间,某天我去上学
01:31
to realize that my classmate died.
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发现我的一名同班同学去世了
01:37
Today, not so much has changed.
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今天,一切都没有怎么改变
01:41
There is still no electricity in my village.
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我们村仍然没有电力供应
01:46
People still are dying in Burkina Faso,
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布基纳法索的人们仍在不断死去
01:48
and access to clean drinking water
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如何得到清洁的饮用水
01:52
is still a big problem.
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仍然是个很大的问题
01:56
I had luck. I was lucky, because this is a fact of life
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我很幸运。我很幸运因为
02:04
when you grow up in a place like that.
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如果你生长在那样的地方 这就是生命的现实
02:06
But I was lucky.
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但是我很幸运
02:09
I had a scholarship.
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我有奖学金
02:11
I could go to Germany to study.
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我能够去德国留学
02:15
So now, I suppose,
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所以现在,我想
02:19
I don't need to explain to you how great a privilege
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我不需要向你们解释
02:24
it is for me to be standing before you today.
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今天我能站在你们面前, 是多么的荣幸
02:28
From Gando, my home village in Burkina Faso,
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从我居住的布基纳法索的村庄甘多
02:32
to Berlin in Germany to become an architect
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到德国的柏林,成为一名建筑师
02:37
is a big, big step.
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这是一个巨大的跨越
02:42
But what to do with this privilege?
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但是,我还能多做些什么呢?
02:47
Since I was a student, I wanted to open up
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从我还是一名学生起,我就希望
02:51
better opportunities to other kids in Gando.
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为更多甘多的孩子创造更好的机会
02:54
I just wanted to use my skills and build a school.
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我想用我的技能来修建一所学校
02:57
But how do you do it when you're still a student
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但是,当你还只是个学生,
03:00
and you don't have money?
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并且没有钱,这要如何实现呢?
03:02
Oh yes, I started to make drawings
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恩,是的,我开始设计图纸
03:05
and asked for money.
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并且筹集资金
03:07
Fundraising was not an easy task.
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筹款并不是件容易的事
03:11
I even asked my classmates
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我甚至建议我的同班同学
03:13
to spend less money on coffee and cigarettes,
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少花点钱在咖啡和香烟上
03:17
but to sponsor my school project.
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而把钱用来支援我的学校项目
03:20
In real wonder, two years later,
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两年之后奇迹出现了
03:24
I was able to collect 50,000 U.S. dollars.
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我筹集到5万美元
03:30
When I came home to Gando
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当我回到甘多的家
03:33
to bring the good news,
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带去了这个好消息
03:35
my people were over the moon,
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大家欣喜若狂
03:39
but when they realized
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但是当他们知道了
03:41
that I was planning to use clay,
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我打算用黏土建造学校的时候
03:44
they were shocked.
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他们震惊了
03:46
"A clay building is not able to stand a rainy season,
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“粘土建筑是无法支撑过雨季的
03:50
and Francis wants us to use it and build a school.
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可是弗朗西斯希望我们用粘土来建一所学校
03:55
Is this the reason why he spent so much time
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难道这就是他花了那么长时间
03:58
in Europe studying
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在欧洲学习
04:00
instead of working in the field with us?"
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而不是和我们一起,在田间劳作的原因吗?”
04:04
My people build all the time with clay,
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我们的村民一直以来使用粘土搭建建筑
04:08
but they don't see any innovation with mud.
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但他们从来没见对粘土进行创新改造
04:13
So I had to convince everybody.
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所以我需要说服每个人
04:15
I started to speak with the community,
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我开始和社区的人们沟通
04:19
and I could convince everybody,
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说服每个人
04:21
and we could start to work.
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然后我们就可以开始工作了
04:24
And the women, the men,
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女人,男人
04:26
everybody from the village,
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村里的每个人
04:28
was part of this building process.
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都参与了建造过程
04:30
I was allowed to use even traditional techniques.
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我使用了传统的方法
04:34
So clay floor for example,
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以粘土地面为例,
04:36
the young men come and stand like that, beating,
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年轻的男子这样站着
04:40
hours for hours,
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捶打上好几个小时
04:42
and then their mothers came,
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然后他们的母亲加入进来
04:43
and they are beating in this position,
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她们用这个姿势捶打
04:47
for hours, giving water and beating.
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几个小时,不时地加水再捶打
04:52
And then the polishers come.
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接着负责抛光的人们来了
04:53
They start polishing it with a stone for hours.
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他们花费数个小时, 用石块给地面抛光
04:58
And then you have this result,
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然后你会看到完成品
05:03
very fine, like a baby bottom.
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非常光滑,就像婴儿的屁股
05:07
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
05:08
It's not photoshopped. (Laughter)
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它可没有修过图 (笑声)
05:14
This is the school, built with the community.
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这就是社区居民们建造的学校
05:17
The walls are totally made out
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墙壁完全是由
05:19
of compressed clay blocks from Gando.
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甘多当地压缩的粘土块制成
05:23
The roof structure is made
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屋顶结构是
05:26
with cheap steel bars
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用廉价的钢条制成
05:29
normally hiding inside concrete.
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通常隐藏在混凝土内部
05:32
And the classroom, the ceiling is made
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教室的天花板是由
05:36
out of both of them used together.
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上述两种材料共同制成的
05:38
In this school, there was a simple idea:
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在这所学校, 一个简单的概念就是
05:41
to create comfort in a classroom.
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让教室是个舒适的地方
05:45
Don't forget, it can be 45 degrees in Burkina Faso,
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别忘了,学校在布基纳法索, 最热的时候有45 度
05:50
so with simple ventilation,
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因此需配有简单的通风系统
05:52
I wanted to make the classroom
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我想让教室
05:54
good for teaching and learning.
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适合教学和学习
05:57
And this is the project today,
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今天,这个项目
06:00
12 years old, still in best condition.
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经过12年 , 仍处于其最佳状态
06:03
And the kids, they love it.
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孩子们非常喜爱它
06:09
And for me and my community,
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对我和村民们来说
06:12
this project was a huge success.
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这项目是一个巨大的成功
06:16
It has opened up opportunities
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它为我们在甘多做更多的项目
06:19
to do more projects in Gando.
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创造了更多机会
06:21
So I could do a lot of projects,
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所以我做了很多项目
06:24
and here I am going to share with you
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我想在这里与你们分享
06:27
only three of them.
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其中的 3 个
06:29
The first one is the school extension, of course.
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第一个当然是学校的扩建
06:33
How do you explain drawings and engineering
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你要如何向不识字 也不会写字的人们
06:36
to people who are neither able to read nor write?
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解释图纸和工程?
06:40
I started to build a prototype like that.
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我开始制作一个模型
06:43
The innovation was to build a clay vault.
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创新之处是建造一个粘土拱顶
06:46
So then, I jumped on the top like that,
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然后,我跳上了顶部
06:49
with my team, and it works.
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和我的团队一起跳,拱顶能够支撑(我们的重量)
06:51
The community is looking. It still works.
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村民们一直看着它。它仍然坚固不倒
06:53
So we can build. (Laughter)
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这样一来,我们就可以开工了(笑声)
06:56
And we kept building, and that is the result.
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我们不断地搭建,这就是成品
07:00
The kids are happy, and they love it.
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孩子们都很高兴,他们很喜欢它
07:04
The community is very proud. We made it.
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村民们非常自豪。我们做到了
07:08
And even animals, like these donkeys,
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甚至动物,像这些驴
07:12
love our buildings.
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也喜爱我们的建筑
07:14
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
07:18
The next project is the library in Gando.
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我要介绍的下一个项目 是甘多的图书馆
07:22
And see now, we tried to introduce
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现在,我们试着去
07:26
different ideas in our buildings,
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为我们的建筑加入更多不同的概念
07:28
but we often don't have so much material.
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但我们往往没有太多的材料
07:32
Something we have in Gando are clay pots.
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在冈多,我们有很多陶土罐
07:36
We wanted to use them to create openings.
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我们想用陶土罐来制造一些通风口
07:39
So we just bring them like you can see
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所以我们把它们带到建筑工地
07:41
to the building site.
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就像你看到的这样
07:43
we start cutting them,
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我们切割这些罐子
07:46
and then we place them on top of the roof
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然后将其放在屋顶上
07:49
before we pour the concrete,
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在我们浇筑混凝土之前
07:51
and you have this result.
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就成了这样
07:53
The openings are letting the hot air out
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通气口让热空气排出去
07:56
and light in.
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让光线穿透进来
07:58
Very simple.
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非常简单
08:00
My most recent project in Gando
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我最新进行的项目
08:03
is a high school project.
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是甘多一所高中的建造
08:05
I would like to share with you this.
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我想与你们分享
08:07
The innovation in this project
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这一项目中的创新之处在于
08:09
is to cast mud like you cast concrete.
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用浇筑混凝土的方式 来浇筑泥巴
08:14
How do you cast mud?
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要如何浇筑泥巴呢?
08:16
We start making a lot of mortars, like you can see,
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我们开始制造大量的灰浆, 正如你们所见
08:19
and when everything is ready,
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当一切都准备就绪
08:21
when you know what is the best recipe
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当你找到了最好的配方
08:23
and the best form,
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和最佳的形态
08:25
you start working with the community.
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就可以开始和村民们一同工作了
08:27
And sometimes I can leave.
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有时我可以离开
08:29
They will do it themselves.
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他们能够自己完成
08:31
I came to speak to you like that.
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就像我来到这里发表演说
08:35
Another factor in Gando is rain.
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冈多的另一个气候因素是雨
08:37
When the rains come,
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当大雨来临
08:39
we hurry up to protect our fragile walls
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我们急着去保护我们易碎的墙
08:42
against the rain.
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不被雨淋
08:45
Don't confound with Christo and Jeanne-Claude.
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不要和克劳德夫妇的艺术混淆
08:48
It is simply how we protect our walls.
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这只是我们保护墙的方式
08:51
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
08:52
The rain in Burkina comes very fast,
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布基纳法索的雨来势汹汹
08:55
and after that, you have floods
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大雨之后就会有洪水
08:58
everywhere in the country.
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整个国家都是这样
09:00
But for us, the rain is good.
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但对我们来说,雨是好事
09:04
It brings sand and gravel to the river
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它让河流堆满砂和碎石
09:07
we need to use to build.
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正是我们需要的建筑材料
09:10
We just wait for the rain to go.
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我们只要等到大雨过后
09:12
We take the sand, we mix it with clay,
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收集沙子,和粘土混合
09:15
and we keep building.
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然后继续建造
09:18
That is it.
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就是这样
09:20
The Gando project was always connected to training the people,
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冈多的项目自始至终都在培训村民的技能
09:23
because I just wanted, one day
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因为我只是希望某一天,
09:26
when I fall down and die,
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如果我倒地死亡
09:29
that at least one person from Gando
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甘多至少有一个人
09:32
keeps doing this work.
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能继续这项工作
09:36
But you will be surprised. I'm still alive.
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但你们感到惊讶的是,我还活着
09:39
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
09:40
And my people now can use their skills
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村民们现在可以用他们的技能
09:43
to earn money themselves.
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来赚钱
09:48
Usually, for a young man from Gando to earn money,
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通常情况下,如果一个甘多的 年轻男子想赚钱
09:52
you have to leave the country
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他就必须背井离乡到城市去
09:54
to the city, sometimes leave the country
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有时他们离开了家乡
09:58
and some never come back,
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就再也没有回来
10:00
making the community weaker.
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这使社群关系变得松散
10:03
But now they can stay in the country
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但现在他们可以留在村庄
10:07
and work on different building sites
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在不同的建筑工地工作
10:09
and earn money to feed their family.
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赚钱来养活他们的家人
10:11
There's a new quality in this work.
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这项工作中有了新的性质
10:16
Yes, you know it.
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是的,你知道这点
10:18
I have won a lot of awards through this work.
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通过这些项目, 我赢得了许多奖项
10:23
For sure, it has opened opportunities.
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肯定的是,它创造了一些机会
10:26
I have become myself known.
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也为我带来了名声
10:29
But the reason why I do what I do
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但是我做这些事的动机
10:34
is my community.
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是为了我的家乡
10:37
When I was a kid,
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当我还是个孩子的时候
10:39
I was going to school,
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我去城里上学
10:41
I was coming back every holiday to Gando.
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每个假期我都会回到甘多
10:45
By the end of every holidays,
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到每个假期结束的时候
10:47
I had to say goodbye to the community,
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我不得不和村里的人们告别
10:50
going from one compound to another one.
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挨家挨户地去告别
10:54
All women in Gando will open their clothes like that
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甘多所有的妇女都会像这样打开她们的口袋
10:59
and give me the last penny.
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把身上仅有的一枚硬币给我
11:03
In my culture, this is a symbol of deep affection.
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在我的文化里, 这象征着感情的深厚
11:08
As a seven-year-old guy, I was impressed.
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作为一个七岁的男孩, 这是印象深刻的
11:11
I just asked my mother one day,
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一天我问我的母亲
11:14
"Why do all these women love me so much?"
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"为什么所有这些妇女都这么爱我?"
11:17
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
11:18
She just answered,
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她回答说
11:21
"They are contributing to pay for your education
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"她们想要为你的教育支出作点贡献
11:25
hoping that you will be successful
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希望你学有所成
11:28
and one day come back and help
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某一天会回到村里
11:31
improve the quality of life of the community."
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帮助改善社区的生活质量。”
11:35
I hope now that I was able to make my community proud
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希望现在我值得村民们 为我感到骄傲
11:40
through this work,
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通过这些项目
11:42
and I hope I was able to prove you the power
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我希望能够证明
11:46
of community,
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社群的力量
11:47
and to show you that architecture
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并告诉你们
11:51
can be inspiring for communities
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建筑可以激励村民们
11:56
to shape their own future.
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去建造属于自己的未来
11:58
Merci beaucoup. (Applause)
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非常感谢(掌声)
12:00
Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you.
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谢谢。谢谢。谢谢。谢谢。
12:05
Thank you. Thank you. (Applause)
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谢谢。谢谢。(掌声)
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