Diébédo Francis Kéré: How to build with clay... and community

397,188 views ・ 2013-12-10

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00:12
I would like to show you how
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architecture has helped
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to change the life of my community
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and has opened opportunities to hope.
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I am a native of Burkina Faso.
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According to the World Bank, Burkina Faso
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is one of the poorest countries in the world,
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but what does it look like
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to grow up in a place like that?
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I am an example of that.
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I was born in a little village called Gando.
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In Gando, there was no electricity,
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no access to clean drinking water, and no school.
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But my father wanted me
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to learn how to read and write.
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For this reason, I had to leave my family
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when I was seven and to stay in a city
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far away from my village
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with no contact with my family.
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In this place I sat
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in a class like that
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with more than 150 other kids,
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and for six years.
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In this time, it just happened to me to come to school
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to realize that my classmate died.
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Today, not so much has changed.
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There is still no electricity in my village.
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People still are dying in Burkina Faso,
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and access to clean drinking water
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is still a big problem.
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I had luck. I was lucky, because this is a fact of life
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when you grow up in a place like that.
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But I was lucky.
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I had a scholarship.
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I could go to Germany to study.
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So now, I suppose,
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I don't need to explain to you how great a privilege
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it is for me to be standing before you today.
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From Gando, my home village in Burkina Faso,
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to Berlin in Germany to become an architect
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is a big, big step.
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But what to do with this privilege?
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Since I was a student, I wanted to open up
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better opportunities to other kids in Gando.
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I just wanted to use my skills and build a school.
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But how do you do it when you're still a student
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and you don't have money?
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Oh yes, I started to make drawings
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and asked for money.
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Fundraising was not an easy task.
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I even asked my classmates
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to spend less money on coffee and cigarettes,
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but to sponsor my school project.
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In real wonder, two years later,
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I was able to collect 50,000 U.S. dollars.
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When I came home to Gando
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to bring the good news,
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my people were over the moon,
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but when they realized
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that I was planning to use clay,
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they were shocked.
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"A clay building is not able to stand a rainy season,
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and Francis wants us to use it and build a school.
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Is this the reason why he spent so much time
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in Europe studying
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instead of working in the field with us?"
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My people build all the time with clay,
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but they don't see any innovation with mud.
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So I had to convince everybody.
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I started to speak with the community,
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and I could convince everybody,
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and we could start to work.
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And the women, the men,
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everybody from the village,
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was part of this building process.
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I was allowed to use even traditional techniques.
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So clay floor for example,
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the young men come and stand like that, beating,
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hours for hours,
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and then their mothers came,
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and they are beating in this position,
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for hours, giving water and beating.
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And then the polishers come.
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They start polishing it with a stone for hours.
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And then you have this result,
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very fine, like a baby bottom.
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(Laughter)
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It's not photoshopped. (Laughter)
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This is the school, built with the community.
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The walls are totally made out
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of compressed clay blocks from Gando.
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The roof structure is made
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with cheap steel bars
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normally hiding inside concrete.
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And the classroom, the ceiling is made
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out of both of them used together.
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In this school, there was a simple idea:
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to create comfort in a classroom.
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Don't forget, it can be 45 degrees in Burkina Faso,
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so with simple ventilation,
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I wanted to make the classroom
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good for teaching and learning.
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And this is the project today,
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12 years old, still in best condition.
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And the kids, they love it.
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And for me and my community,
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this project was a huge success.
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It has opened up opportunities
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to do more projects in Gando.
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So I could do a lot of projects,
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and here I am going to share with you
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only three of them.
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The first one is the school extension, of course.
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How do you explain drawings and engineering
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to people who are neither able to read nor write?
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I started to build a prototype like that.
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The innovation was to build a clay vault.
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So then, I jumped on the top like that,
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with my team, and it works.
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The community is looking. It still works.
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So we can build. (Laughter)
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And we kept building, and that is the result.
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The kids are happy, and they love it.
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The community is very proud. We made it.
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And even animals, like these donkeys,
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love our buildings.
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(Laughter)
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The next project is the library in Gando.
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And see now, we tried to introduce
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different ideas in our buildings,
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but we often don't have so much material.
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Something we have in Gando are clay pots.
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We wanted to use them to create openings.
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So we just bring them like you can see
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to the building site.
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we start cutting them,
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and then we place them on top of the roof
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before we pour the concrete,
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and you have this result.
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The openings are letting the hot air out
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and light in.
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Very simple.
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My most recent project in Gando
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is a high school project.
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I would like to share with you this.
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The innovation in this project
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is to cast mud like you cast concrete.
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How do you cast mud?
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We start making a lot of mortars, like you can see,
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and when everything is ready,
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when you know what is the best recipe
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and the best form,
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you start working with the community.
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And sometimes I can leave.
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They will do it themselves.
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I came to speak to you like that.
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Another factor in Gando is rain.
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When the rains come,
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we hurry up to protect our fragile walls
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against the rain.
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Don't confound with Christo and Jeanne-Claude.
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It is simply how we protect our walls.
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(Laughter)
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The rain in Burkina comes very fast,
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and after that, you have floods
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everywhere in the country.
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But for us, the rain is good.
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It brings sand and gravel to the river
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we need to use to build.
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We just wait for the rain to go.
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We take the sand, we mix it with clay,
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and we keep building.
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That is it.
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The Gando project was always connected to training the people,
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because I just wanted, one day
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when I fall down and die,
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that at least one person from Gando
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keeps doing this work.
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But you will be surprised. I'm still alive.
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(Laughter)
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And my people now can use their skills
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to earn money themselves.
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Usually, for a young man from Gando to earn money,
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you have to leave the country
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to the city, sometimes leave the country
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and some never come back,
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making the community weaker.
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But now they can stay in the country
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and work on different building sites
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and earn money to feed their family.
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There's a new quality in this work.
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Yes, you know it.
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I have won a lot of awards through this work.
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For sure, it has opened opportunities.
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I have become myself known.
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But the reason why I do what I do
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is my community.
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When I was a kid,
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I was going to school,
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I was coming back every holiday to Gando.
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By the end of every holidays,
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I had to say goodbye to the community,
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going from one compound to another one.
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All women in Gando will open their clothes like that
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and give me the last penny.
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In my culture, this is a symbol of deep affection.
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As a seven-year-old guy, I was impressed.
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I just asked my mother one day,
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"Why do all these women love me so much?"
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(Laughter)
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She just answered,
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"They are contributing to pay for your education
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hoping that you will be successful
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and one day come back and help
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improve the quality of life of the community."
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I hope now that I was able to make my community proud
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through this work,
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and I hope I was able to prove you the power
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of community,
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and to show you that architecture
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can be inspiring for communities
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to shape their own future.
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Merci beaucoup. (Applause)
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Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you.
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Thank you. Thank you. (Applause)
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