Charmian Gooch: My wish: To launch a new era of openness in business

Prevodilac: Mile Živković Lektor: Dejan Vicai

I've come here today

Došla sam danas ovde

to talk to you about a problem.

da pričamo o problemu.

It's a very simple yet devastating problem,

To je veoma jednostavan ali razoran problem,

one that spans the globe

koji je prisutan širom planete

and is affecting all of us.

i koji pogađa sve nas.

The problem is

Problem su

anonymous companies.

anonimne kompanije.

It sounds like a really dry and technical thing,

Zvuči kao zaista suvoparan i tehnički termin,

doesn't it?

zar ne?

But anonymous companies are making it difficult

Ali anonimne kompanije otežavaju

and sometimes impossible

i ponekad čine nemogućim

to find out

da se otkrije

the actual human beings responsible

osoba koja je zapravo odgovorna

sometimes for really terrible crimes.

za ponekad zaista užasne zločine.

So, why am I here talking to all of you?

Zašto sam ovde i pričam vam sve ovo?

Well, I guess I am a lifelong troublemaker

Pretpostavljam da doživotno pravim probleme,

and when my parents taught my twin brother and I

i kada su roditelji učili mene i mog brata blizanca

to question authority,

da preispitujemo autoritete,

I don't think they knew where it might lead.

mislim da nisu znali dokle bi to moglo da dođe.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

And, they probably really regretted it

Verovatno su to zažalili

during my stroppy teenage years when, predictably,

tokom mog iritantnog tinejdžerskog doba kada sam, očekivano

I questioned their authority a lot.

puno preispitivala njihov autoritet.

And a lot of my school teachers

Dosta mojih profesora u školi

didn't appreciate it much either.

takođe nije imalo razumevanja za to.

You see, since the age of about five

Vidite, od otprilike pete godine,

I've always asked the question, but why?

uvek sam postavljala pitanje, ali zašto?

But why does the Earth go around the sun?

Zašto se Zemlja okreće oko sunca?

But why is blood red?

Zašto je krv crvena?

But why do I have to go to school?

Ali zašto moram da idem u školu?

But why do I have to respect the teachers

Ali zašto moram da poštujem profesore

and authority?

i autoritet?

And little did I realize

Nisam ni shvatala

that this question would become the basis

da će ovo pitanje postati osnova

of everything I would do.

za sve što ću raditi.

And so it was

To je bilo

in my twenties, a long time ago,

u mojim dvadesetima, pre dosta vremena,

that one rainy Sunday afternoon in North London

jednog kišovitog poslepodneva u severnom Londonu.

I was sitting with Simon Taylor

Sedela sam sa Sajmonom Tejlorom

and Patrick Alley

i Patrikom Elijem

and we were busy stuffing envelopes

i bili smo zauzeti punjenjem koverti

for a mail out in the office of the campaign group

za slanje u kancelariji grupe za kampanju

where we worked at the time.

gde smo tad radili.

And as usual, we were talking about the world's problems.

Kao i obično, pričali smo o problemima u svetu.

And in particular, we were talking about

Preciznije, pričali smo

the civil war in Cambodia.

o građanskom ratu u Kambodži.

And we had talked about that many, many times before.

O tome smo pričali mnogo puta pre toga.

But then suddenly we stopped

Ali odjednom smo stali

and looked at each other

i pogledali se međusobno

and said, but why don't we try and change this?

i rekli, ali zašto da ne pokušamo da ovo promenimo?

And from that slightly crazy question,

Od tog pomalo ludog pitanja,

over two decades

nakon preko dve decenije

and many campaigns later,

i mnogo kampanja,

including alerting the world

uključujući uzbunjivanje sveta

to the problem of blood diamonds funding war,

na problem krvavih dijamanata za finansiranje rata,

from that crazy question,

od tog ludog pitanja,

Global Witness is now an 80-strong team

"Globalni svedok" je sada tim od 80 ljudi,

of campaigners, investigators, journalists and lawyers.

zastupnika, istraživača, novinara i advokata.

And we're all driven by the same belief,

Sve nas vodi isto verovanje,

that change really is possible.

da je promena zaista moguća.

So, what exactly does Global Witness do?

Šta zapravo radi Globalni svedok?

We investigate, we report,

Istražujemo, izveštavamo,

to uncover the people really responsible

da bi otkrili one koji su zaista odgovorni

for funding conflict --

za finansiranje konflikta -

for stealing millions from citizens around the world,

za krađu miliona od građana širom sveta,

also known as state looting,

što je poznato kao državna pljačka,

and for destroying the environment.

i za uništavanje okoline.

And then we campaign hard to change the system itself.

I onda vodimo žestoke kampanje kako bismo promenili sam sistem.

And we're doing this because so many of the countries

Ovo radimo zato što je toliko zemalja

rich in natural resources

bogatih prirodnim resursima

like oil or diamonds or timber

poput nafte, dijamanata i zlata,

are home to some of the poorest

takođe dom nekim od najsiromašnijih

and most dispossessed people on the planet.

i najobespravljenijih naroda na planeti.

And much of this injustice

Dosta ove nepravde

is made possible

omogućeno je

by currently accepted business practices.

trenutno dozvoljenim običajima u poslovanju.

And one of these is anonymous companies.

Jedan od njih su anonimne kompanije.

Now we've come up against anonymous companies

Sa anonimnim kompanijama smo se susreli

in lots of our investigations,

u dosta naših istraga,

like in the Democratic Republic of Congo,

kao u Demokratskoj republici Kongo,

where we exposed how secretive deals

gde smo izneli to kako su tajni dogovori

involving anonymous companies

koji uključuju anonimne kompanije

had deprived the citizens

osiromašili građane

of one of the poorest countries on the planet

jedne od najsiromašnijih zemalja na planeti

of well over a billion dollars.

za preko milijardu dolara.

That's twice the country's health and education budget combined.

To je duplo veće od kombinovanih budžeta za zdravstvo i obrazovanje u toj zemlji.

Or in Liberia,

Ili u Liberiji,

where an international predatory logging company

gde je međunarodna pljačkaška kompanija za seču drveta

used front companies as it attempted to grab

koristila lažne kompanije u pokušajima da zauzme

a really huge chunk of Liberia's unique forests.

veliki deo jedinstvenih šuma u Liberiji.

Or political corruption in Sarawak, Malaysia,

Ili politička korupcija u Saravaku u Maleziji,

which has led to the destruction of much of its forests.

koja je dovela do uništavanja velikog dela šuma u toj zemlji.

Well, that uses anonymous companies too.

Tu su takođe korišćene anonimne kompanije.

We secretly filmed some of the family

Tajno smo snimali porodice

of the former chief minister and a lawyer

bivšeg načelnika ministara i advokata

as they told our undercover investigator

kako bi rekli našem tajnom istraživaču

exactly how these dubious deals are done

tačno kako se izvode ovi tajni dogovori

using such companies.

koristeći te kompanije.

And the awful thing is,

Užasno je to

there are so many other examples out there

što postoji mnogo drugih primera

from all walks of life.

iz svih sfera života.

This truly is a scandal of epic proportions

Ovo je zaista skandal epskih dimenzija

hidden in plain sight.

koji se krije na videlu.

Whether it's the ruthless Mexican drugs cartel,

Bez obzira da li je to okrutni meksički kartel droge,

the Zetas,

Zete,

who use anonymous companies to launder profits

koji koriste anonimne kompanije za pranje sredstava

while their drugs-related violence

dok njihovo nasilje povezano s drogom

is tearing communities apart across the Americas.

uništava zajednice širom Severne i Južne Amerike.

Or the anonymous company,

Ili anonimna kompanija

which bought up Americans' tax debts,

koja je kupila poreska zaduženja Amerikanaca,

piled on the legal fees

naslagala pravne troškove

and then gave homeowners a choice:

i onda vlasnicima domova dala izbor:

Pay up or lose your home.

plati ili gubiš svoj dom.

Imagine being threatened with losing your home

Zamislite da vam prete gubljenjem svog doma

sometimes over a debt of just a few hundred dollars,

ponekad zbog duga od samo nekoliko stotina dolara,

and not being able to find out

a da ne možete da saznate

who you were really up against.

protiv koga tačno idete.

Now anonymous companies

Anonimne kompanije

are great for sanctions busting too.

su sjajne za razbijanje sankcija.

As the Iranian government found out

To je otkrila vlada Irana

when, through a series of front companies,

kada je kroz niz lažnih kompanija

it owned a building in the very heart of Manhattan,

posedovala zgradu u centru Menhetna,

on Fifth Avenue,

na Petoj aveniji,

despite American sanctions.

uprkos američkim sankcijama.

And Juicy Couture, home of of the velvet track suit,

"Juicy Couture", tvorci somotne trenerke

and other companies were the unwitting,

i druge kompanije, bili su nenamerni,

unknowing tenants there.

nesvesni stanari u toj zgradi.

There are just so many examples,

Postoji toliko primera,

the horesemeat scandal in Europe,

skandal sa konjskim mesom u Evropi,

the Italian mafia, they've used these companies

italijanska mafija je koristila ove kompanije

for decades.

decenijama.

The $100 million American Medicare fraud,

Prevara sa američkim zdravstvenim osiguranjem od 100 miliona dolara,

the supply of weapons to wars around the world

dostavljanje oružja za ratove širom sveta,

including those

uključujući i one

in Eastern Europe in the early '90s.

u istočnoj Evropi početkom '90-ih godina.

Anonymous companies

Anonimne kompanije

have even come to light

su se čak pojavile

in the recent revolution in the Ukraine.

u skorašnjoj revoluciji u Ukrajini.

But, for every case that we and others expose

Ali za svaki slučaj koji otkrijemo mi i drugi ljudi,

there are so many more that will remain hidden away

postoji toliko drugih koji ostaju sakriveni

because of the current system.

zbog sadašnjeg sistema.

And it's just a simple truth

To je prosta istina,

that some of the people responsible for outrageous crimes,

da neki od odgovornih za nečuvene zločine,

for stealing from you and me

koji su krali od vas i mene

and millions of others,

i miliona drugih,

they are remaining faceless

ostaju nepoznati

and they are escaping accountability

i beže od odgovornosti,

and they're doing this with ease,

i ovo čine s lakoćom,

and they're doing it using legal structures.

koristeći pravne strukture.

And really, that is unfair.

To je zaista nepravedno.

Well, you might well ask,

Možda ćete se zapitati,

what exactly is an anonymous company,

šta je tačno anonimna kompanija,

and can I really set one up, and use it,

da li ja mogu da je pokrenem, da je koristim,

without anyone knowing who I am?

a da niko ne zna ko sam?

Well, the answer is, yes you can.

Odgovor je da - možete.

But if you're anything like me,

Ali ako ste imalo poput mene,

you'll want to see some of that for yourself,

želećete da vidite sami nešto od toga,

so let me show you.

pa hajde da vam pokažem.

Well first you need to work out

Prvo treba da vidite

where you want to set it up.

gde želite da je osnujete.

Now, at this point you might be imagining

Ovde ćete možda zamisliti

one of those lovely tropical island tax havens

neki predivan tropski raj za poreze

but here's the thing,

ali evo u čemu je stvar,

shockingly,

šokantno,

my own hometown, London,

moj rodni grad, London,

and indeed the U.K.,

i Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo,

is one of the best places in the world

jedno je od najboljih mesta na svetu

to set up an anonymous company.

za osnivanje anonimne kompanije.

And the other, even better,

Bojim se da je drugo, još bolje mesto

I'm afraid that's America.

upravo Amerika.

Do you know, in some states across America

Da li znate da je u nekim državama u Americi

you need less identification

potrebno manje dokumenata

to open up a company

za otvaranje kompanije

than you do to get a library card,

nego da dobijete člansku kartu za biblioteku,

like Delaware,

poput Delavera,

which is one of the easiest places

koji je jedno od najlakših mesta na svetu

in the world to set up an anonymous company.

za otvaranje anonimne kompanije.

Okay, so let's say it's America,

Recimo da je to Amerika,

and let's say it's Delaware,

recimo da je u pitanju Delaver,

and now you can simply go online

i sada možete jednostavno otići na internet

and find yourself a company service provider.

i naći pružaoca usluga za kompanije.

These are the companies that can set your one up for you,

Ovo su kompanije koje će vam pomoći da osnujete svoju,

and remember, it's all legal, routine business practice.

i setite se, to je sve legalno, rutinski način poslovanja.

So, here's one,

Evo jedne,

but there are plenty of others to choose from.

ali ima ih dosta koje možete odabrati.

And having made your choice,

Kada ste odabrali,

you then pick what type of company you want

onda birate koji tip kompanije želite

and then fill in a contact, name and address.

i unosite kontakt podatke, ime i adresu.

But don't worry,

Ali ne brinite,

it doesn't have to be your name.

to ne mora da bude vaše ime.

It can be your lawyer's

Može biti ime vašeg advokata

or your service provider's,

ili pružaoca usluga,

and it's not for the public record anyway.

i to svejedno nije za javnu evidenciju.

And then you add the owner of the company.

Onda dodate vlasnika kompanije.

Now this is the key part,

Ovo je ključni deo,

and again it doesn't have to be you,

i to opet ne morate biti vi,

because you can get creative,

jer možete biti kreativni

because there is a whole universe out there of nominees

jer postoji čitav univerzum mogućih kandidata

to choose from.

od kojih možete da birate.

And nominees are the people that you

Kandidati su ljudi koje

can legally pay to be your company's owner.

legalno možete platiti da budu vlasnici vaše kompanije.

And if you don't want to involve anyone else,

Ako ne želite da mešate nekog drugog,

it doesn't even have to be an actual human being.

to ne mora uopšte da bude pravo ljudsko biće.

It could be another company.

To može biti druga kompanija.

And then finally,

I konačno,

give your company a name

kompaniji dajete ime

add a few more details and make your payment.

i još nekoliko detalja i plaćate.

And then the service provider

Onda pružaocu usluga

will take a few hours or more to process it.

treba nekoliko sati da obradi podatke.

But there you are,

Ali to je to,

in 10 minutes of online shopping

za 10 minuta internet kupovine

you can create yourself an anonymous company.

možete stvoriti sebi anonimnu kompaniju.

And not only is it easy,

To ne samo da je lako,

really, really easy and cheap,

veoma, veoma lako i jeftino,

it's totally legal too.

nego je i potpuno legalno.

But the fun doesn't have to end there,

Ali zabava ne mora da stane ovde,

maybe you want to be even more anonymous.

možda želite da budete još anonimniji.

Well, that's no problem either.

Ni to nije problem.

You can simply keep adding layers,

Možete samo da nastavite da dodajete slojeve,

companies owned by companies.

kompanije u vlasništvu kompanija.

You can have hundreds of layers

Možete imati stotine slojeva

with hundreds of companies spread across

sa stotinama kompanija koje su raširene

lots of different countries,

preko puno različitih država,

like a giant web,

poput ogromne mreže,

each layer adds anonymity.

svaki sloj dodaje anonimnosti.

Each layer makes it more difficult

Svaki sloj sve više otežava

for law enforcement and others

organima pravde i drugima

to find out who the real owner is.

da pronađu ko je stvarni vlasnik.

But whose interests is this all serving?

Ali u čijem je ovo sve interesu?

It might be in the interests of the company

Možda je u interesu kompanija

or a particular individual,

ili određenog pojedinca,

but what about all of us, the public?

ali šta sa nama, sa javnošću?

There hasn't even been a global conversation yet

Još uvek se uopšte nije desio globalni razgovor

about whether it's okay

o tome da li je u redu

to misuse companies in this way.

da se kompanije ovako zloupotrebljavaju.

And what does it all mean for us?

I šta to sve znači za nas?

Well, an example that really haunts me

Primer koji me zaista progoni

is one I came across recently.

je jedan sa kojim sam se skoro susrela.

And it's that of a horrific fire

To je slučaj užasnog požara

in a nightclub in Buenos Aires

u noćnom klubu u Buenos Airesu

about a decade ago.

pre oko decenije.

It was the night before New Year's Eve.

To je bila noć pred Novu godinu.

Three thousand very happy revelers,

3 000 veoma srećnih gostiju,

many of them teenagers,

većina tinejdžeri,

were crammed into a space meant for 1,000.

bili su zbijeni u prostor namenjen za 1 000 ljudi.

And then tragedy struck,

Onda se desila tragedija,

a fire broke out

izbio je požar,

plastic decorations were melting from the ceiling

plastični ukrasi su se topili s plafona

and toxic smoke filled the club.

i otrovni dim je ispunio klub.

So people tried to escape

Ljudi su pokušali da pobegnu

only to find that some of the fire doors

samo da bi otkrili da su neki od izlaza za slučaj požara

had been chained shut.

zatvoreni bravom.

Over 200 people died.

Umrlo je preko 200 ljudi.

Seven hundred were injured trying to get out.

700 njih se povredilo u pokušajima da izađu.

And as the victims' families and the city and the country

I dok su se porodice žrtava, grad i zemlja

reeled in shock,

pomamili od šoka,

investigators tried to find out who was responsible.

istražitelji su pokušali da otkriju ko je bio odgovoran.

And as they looked for the owners of the club,

Dok su tražili vlasnika kluba,

they found instead anonymous companies,

našli su anonimne kompanije

and confusion surrounded the identities of those

i zabunu oko identiteta onih

involved with the companies.

koji su bili u vezi sa kompanijama.

Now ultimately, a range of people were charged

Na kraju, dosta ljudi je optuženo

and some went to jail.

i neki su završili u zatvoru.

But this was an awful tragedy,

Ali ovo je bila užasna tragedija,

and it shouldn't have been so difficult

i nije trebalo da bude tako teško

just to try and find out who was responsible

samo da se otkrije ko je bio odgovoran

for those deaths.

za te smrti.

Because in an age

Jer u dobu

when there is so much information

kada postoji toliko informacija

out there in the open,

na otvorenom,

why should this crucial information

zašto bi ove ključne informacije

about company ownership

o vlasništvu kompanija

stay hidden away?

bile sakrivene?

Why should tax evaders, corrupt government officials,

Zašto bi utajivači poreza, korumpirani predstavnici vlade,

arms traders and more,

trgovci oružjem i drugi

be able to hide their identities from us, the public?

mogli da kriju svoj identitet od nas, od javnosti?

Why should this secrecy be such an accepted business practice?

Zašto bi ova tajnost bila tako prihvaćen model poslovanja?

Anonymous companies

Anonimne kompanije

might be the norm right now

su možda sada norma,

but it wasn't always this way.

ali nije uvek bilo ovako.

Companies were created

Kompanije su stvarane

to give people a chance to innovate

da bi se ljudima dala šansa za inovaciju

and not have to put everything on the line.

i da ne moraju da rizikuju sve.

Companies were created to limit financial risk,

Kompanije su stvarane da bi se ograničio finansijski rizik,

they were never intended to be used as a moral shield.

nikada nije nameravano da se koriste kao moralni štit.

Companies were never intended to be anonymous,

Nikada nije nameravano da kompanije budu anonimne,

and they don't have to be.

i ne moraju da budu.

And so I come to my wish.

Dođoh do moje želje.

My wish is for us to know

Moja želja je da znamo

who owns and controls companies

ko poseduje i kontroliše kompanije

so that they can no longer be used anonymously

tako da više ne mogu da se koriste anonimno

against the public good.

protiv opšteg dobra.

Together let's ignite world opinion,

Hajde da zajedno pokrenemo svetski stav,

change the law,

promenimo zakone,

and launch a new era of openness in business.

i pokrenemo novo doba otvorenosti u poslovanju.

So what might this look like?

Kako bi ovo moglo da izgleda?

Well, imagine if you could go online

Zamislite da možete da odete na internet

and look up the real owner of a company.

i pogledate ko je stvarni vlasnik kompanije.

Imagine if this data were open and free,

Zamislite da su ovi podaci otvoreni i slobodni,

accessible across borders

dostupni preko granica

for citizens and businesses

za građane i firme

and law enforcement alike.

i organe reda.

Imagine what a game changer that would be.

Zamislite koji bi to bio faktor promene.

So how are we going to do this?

Kako da uradimo ovo?

Well, there is only one way.

Postoji samo jedan način.

Together, we have to change the law globally

Zajedno moramo da promenimo zakone globalno

to create public registries

da bi se stvorili javni zapisnici

which list the true owners of companies

koji navode prave vlasnike kompanija

and can be accessed by all

i kojima može svako da pristupi

with no loopholes.

bez ikakvih rupa u zakonu.

And yes, this is ambitious,

Da, ovo je ambiciozno,

but there is momentum on this issue,

ali postoji momenat sile za ovaj problem,

and over the years I have seen

i tokom godina sam videla

the sheer power of momentum,

čistu snagu momenta sile,

and it's just starting on this issue.

a ona se tek javlja za ovo pitanje.

There is such an opportunity right now.

Sada postoji takva prilika.

And the TED community

TED zajednica

of creative and innovative thinkers and doers

kreativnih i inovativnih stvaralaca i mislilaca

across all of society

preko celog društva

could make the crucial difference.

mogla bi da učini ključnu razliku.

You really can make this change happen.

Zaista možete učiniti da se ova promena dogodi.

Now, a simple starting point

Jednostavno mesto za početak

is the address behind me

je adresa iza mene,

for a Facebook page that you can join now

za Fejsbuk stranicu kojoj se možete sada priključiti

to support the campaign and spread the word.

da biste podržali kampanju i proširili glas.

It's going to be a springboard

To će biti odskočna daska

for our global campaigning.

za našu globalnu kampanju.

And the techies among you,

Tehnološki stručnjaci među vama

you could really help us create a prototype

bi zaista mogli da nam pomognu da napravimo prototip

public registry

javnog zapisnika

to demonstrate what a powerful tool this could be.

kako bi demonstrirali koliko bi ovo mogao da bude moćan alat.

Campaign groups from around the world

Grupe za kampanje širom sveta

have come together to work on this issue.

su se sastale da rade na ovom problemu.

The U.K. government is already on board;

Vlada Ujedinjenog Kraljevstva već sarađuje,

it supports these public registries.

podržavaju ove javne zapisnike.

And just last week,

I prošle nedelje,

the European Parliament came on board

Evropski parlament se pridružio

with a vote 600 to 30 in favor of public registries.

glasanjem 600 naspram 30 u korist javnih zapisnika.

That is momentum.

To je moment sile.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

But it's early days.

Ali ovo je tek u povoju.

America still needs to come on board,

Amerika tek treba da se pridruži,

as do so many other countries.

kao i mnogo drugih zemalja.

And to succeed we will all together

Da bismo uspeli svi ćemo zajedno

need to help and push our politicians,

morati da pomognemo i poguramo naše političare,

because without that,

jer bez toga

real far-reaching, world-shifting change

se neće desiti prava

just isn't going to happen.

dalekosežna promena koja pomera svet.

Because this isn't just about changing the law,

Ovde se ne radi samo o menjanju zakona,

this is about starting a conversation

već o početku razgovora

about what it's okay for companies to do,

o tome šta je u redu da kompanije rade,

and in what ways is it acceptable to use company structures.

i na koji način je prihvatljivo da se koriste strukture kompanija.

This isn't just a dry policy issue.

Ovo nije samo suvoparni problem politike.

This is a human issue

Ovo je ljudski problem

which affects us all.

koji pogađa nas sve.

This is about being on the right side of history.

Radi se o tome da budemo na pravoj strani istorije.

Global citizens, innovators, business leaders, individuals,

Globalni građani, inovatori, poslovni lideri, pojedinci,

we need you.

potrebni ste nam.

Together, let's kickstart this global movement.

Hajde da zajedno započnemo ovaj globalni pokret.

Let's just do it,

Hajde da samo uradimo to,

let's end anonymous companies.

hajde da završimo sa anonimnim kompanijama.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)