Charmian Gooch: My wish: To launch a new era of openness in business

46,144 views ใƒป 2014-03-20

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Gemma Lee ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jeeho Song
00:12
I've come here today
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์ €๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜
00:13
to talk to you about a problem.
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ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:16
It's a very simple yet devastating problem,
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๋งค์šฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด๋ฉฐ
00:19
one that spans the globe
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ
00:21
and is affecting all of us.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์น˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:24
The problem is
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์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ
00:26
anonymous companies.
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์ต๋ช…์˜ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:29
It sounds like a really dry and technical thing,
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์•„์ฃผ ๊ฑด์กฐํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์ธ ์šฉ์–ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
00:31
doesn't it?
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๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๋‚˜์š”?
00:32
But anonymous companies are making it difficult
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ต๋ช…์˜ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€
00:34
and sometimes impossible
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์ •๋ง๋กœ ๋”์ฐํ•œ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„๋ฅผ
00:37
to find out
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์ €์ง€๋ฅธ ์ง„์งœ ์ธ๊ฐ„๋“ค์„
00:39
the actual human beings responsible
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์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
00:42
sometimes for really terrible crimes.
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์–ด๋ ต๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋•Œ๋ก  ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:47
So, why am I here talking to all of you?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์™œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
00:52
Well, I guess I am a lifelong troublemaker
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์Œ... ์ €๋Š” ํ‰์ƒ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ญ‰์น˜์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
00:56
and when my parents taught my twin brother and I
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์ œ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์€ ์ €์™€ ์ œ ์Œ๋‘ฅ์ด ์˜ค๋น ์—๊ฒŒ
00:59
to question authority,
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๊ถŒ์œ„์— ์˜๋ฌธ์„ ํ’ˆ๋„๋ก ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:01
I don't think they knew where it might lead.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋””๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐˆ์ง€ ๋ชฐ๋ž๋˜ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
01:03
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:04
And, they probably really regretted it
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์ถ”์ธกํ•˜๊ฑด๋Œ€, ์ œ ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กœ์šด ์‹ญ๋Œ€์‹œ์ ˆ ๋™์•ˆ
01:06
during my stroppy teenage years when, predictably,
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๋ฌด์ฒ™์ด๋‚˜ ํ›„ํšŒํ•˜์…จ์„ ๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
01:09
I questioned their authority a lot.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ถŒ์œ„์— ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์ด์˜๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ธฐํ–ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
01:11
And a lot of my school teachers
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์ œ ํ•™๊ต ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€๊ฐœ
01:13
didn't appreciate it much either.
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๋‹ฌ๊ฐ€์›Œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:16
You see, since the age of about five
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๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ๋‹ค์„ฏ ์‚ด ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
01:18
I've always asked the question, but why?
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์ €๋Š” ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. ์™œ?
01:22
But why does the Earth go around the sun?
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์™œ ์ง€๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ณต์ „ํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?
01:25
But why is blood red?
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์™œ ํ”ผ๋Š” ๋ถ‰์€์ƒ‰์ด์ฃ ?
01:26
But why do I have to go to school?
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์™œ ํ•™๊ต์— ๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?
01:29
But why do I have to respect the teachers
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์™œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์„ ์กด๊ฒฝํ•˜๊ณ 
01:31
and authority?
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๊ถŒ์œ„๋ฅผ ์กด์ค‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?
01:33
And little did I realize
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์ผ์˜
01:34
that this question would become the basis
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
01:37
of everything I would do.
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๊นจ๋‹ซ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:40
And so it was
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์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ „ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด์‹ญ๋Œ€์ผ ๋•Œ
01:42
in my twenties, a long time ago,
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๋ถ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์˜ ์–ด๋Š ๋น„์˜ค๋Š” ์ผ์š”์ผ ์˜คํ›„์—
01:44
that one rainy Sunday afternoon in North London
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์ €๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ด๋จผ ํ…Œ์ผ๋Ÿฌ์™€
01:48
I was sitting with Simon Taylor
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ํŒจ๋“œ๋ฆญ ์•จ๋ฆฌ์™€
01:50
and Patrick Alley
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ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์•‰์•„
01:52
and we were busy stuffing envelopes
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผํ•˜๋˜
01:54
for a mail out in the office of the campaign group
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์บ ํŽ˜์ธ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์†กํ• 
01:57
where we worked at the time.
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๋ด‰ํˆฌ ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์—ฌ๋…์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
And as usual, we were talking about the world's problems.
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ํ‰์†Œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
02:03
And in particular, we were talking about
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ํŠนํžˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์บ„๋ณด๋””์•„์˜
02:05
the civil war in Cambodia.
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๋‚ด์ „์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
02:08
And we had talked about that many, many times before.
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์ด์ „์—๋„ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๋˜ ์ฃผ์ œ์˜€์ฃ .
02:12
But then suddenly we stopped
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ณ ๋Š”
02:14
and looked at each other
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์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ณ๋‹ค๋ดค์–ด์š”.
02:16
and said, but why don't we try and change this?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณค ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ . ์™œ ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ง€?
02:20
And from that slightly crazy question,
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๋‹ค์†Œ ์—‰๋šฑํ•œ ๊ทธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ถœ๋ฐœํ•ด
02:23
over two decades
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20๋…„ ์ด์ƒ
02:25
and many campaigns later,
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์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ์ผ๋“ค๊ณผ
02:27
including alerting the world
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์ˆ˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์บ ํŽ˜์ธ๋“ค์„ ์น˜๋ฅด๊ณ  ์ „์Ÿ์„ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š”
02:29
to the problem of blood diamonds funding war,
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ํ”ผ์˜ ๋‹ค์ด์•„๋ชฌ๋“œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:32
from that crazy question,
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๊ทธ ์—‰๋šฑํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ถœ๋ฐœํ•œ
02:34
Global Witness is now an 80-strong team
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๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์œ„ํŠธ๋‹ˆ์Šค์—๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์บ ํŽ˜์ธ ๊ธฐํš์ž์™€
02:37
of campaigners, investigators, journalists and lawyers.
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์กฐ์‚ฌ๊ด€, ๊ธฐ์ž, ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ 80๋ช…์˜ ํŒ€์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:41
And we're all driven by the same belief,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š”
02:44
that change really is possible.
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๊ฐ™์€ ์‹ ๋…์„ ํ’ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:48
So, what exactly does Global Witness do?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์œ„ํŠธ๋‹ˆ์Šค๋Š” ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์„ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
02:51
We investigate, we report,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์„ ์ด‰๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ,
02:53
to uncover the people really responsible
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ์˜ ์žฌ์‚ฐ์„ ํ›”์น˜๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
02:56
for funding conflict --
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์ •๋ถ€์žฌ์‚ฐ์„ ์•ฝํƒˆํ•˜๊ณ 
02:58
for stealing millions from citizens around the world,
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ํŒŒ๊ดดํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„
03:02
also known as state looting,
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์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
03:03
and for destroying the environment.
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๋ฐํ˜€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:06
And then we campaign hard to change the system itself.
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๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์ž์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ ค๊ณ  ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์บ ํŽ˜์ธ์„ ๋ฒŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
And we're doing this because so many of the countries
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„์œ ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค์ด์•„๋ชฌ๋“œ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ชฉ์žฌ๊ฐ™์€
03:14
rich in natural resources
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์ฒœ์—ฐ์ž์›์ด ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค ์ƒ๋‹น์ˆ˜๊ฐ€
03:16
like oil or diamonds or timber
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ตœ๋นˆ๊ณค๊ตญ์ด ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ ,
03:19
are home to some of the poorest
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์žฌ์‚ฐ์„ ๋นผ์•—๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ผ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
03:21
and most dispossessed people on the planet.
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์ด ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:25
And much of this injustice
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ถ€๋‹นํ•จ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€
03:27
is made possible
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๋น„์ง€๋‹ˆ์Šค์˜
03:29
by currently accepted business practices.
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๊ด€ํ–‰๋“ค ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
And one of these is anonymous companies.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ด€ํ–‰๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์ต๋ช… ๊ธฐ์—…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:37
Now we've come up against anonymous companies
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ต๋ช… ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ญํ•ด
03:39
in lots of our investigations,
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์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:41
like in the Democratic Republic of Congo,
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์ฝฉ๊ณ  ๋ฏผ์ฃผ๊ณตํ™”๊ตญ์—์„œ
03:43
where we exposed how secretive deals
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ต๋ช… ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด
03:46
involving anonymous companies
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์€๋ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ
03:48
had deprived the citizens
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์ตœ๋นˆ๊ตญ๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
03:50
of one of the poorest countries on the planet
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10์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ด์ƒ์„ ๋นผ์•—์•˜๋Š”์ง€
03:54
of well over a billion dollars.
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๋ฐํ˜€๋ƒˆ์ฃ .
03:56
That's twice the country's health and education budget combined.
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๊ทธ ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ๋ณด๊ฑด๊ณผ ๊ต์œก์— ํŽธ์„ฑ๋œ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์˜ ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:01
Or in Liberia,
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๋˜๋Š” ๋ฆฌ๋น„์•„์—์„œ
04:03
where an international predatory logging company
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๊ตญ์ œ์ ์ธ ๋ชฉ์žฌํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์•ฝํƒˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ
04:06
used front companies as it attempted to grab
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์žํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ์ƒ๋‹น๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋ฆฌ๋น„์•„ ๊ณ ์œ ์˜ ์‚ฐ๋ฆผ์„
04:08
a really huge chunk of Liberia's unique forests.
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์ง‘์–ด ์‚ผํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:12
Or political corruption in Sarawak, Malaysia,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ง๋ ˆ์ด์‹œ์•„ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์™ ์ฃผ์—๋Š” ์ •์น˜์  ๋ถ€ํŒจ๊ฐ€
04:15
which has led to the destruction of much of its forests.
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฐ๋ฆผ ํŒŒ๊ดด๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
04:19
Well, that uses anonymous companies too.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ๋„ ์ต๋ช…์˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์„ ์ด์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:23
We secretly filmed some of the family
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ „ ์ˆ˜์ƒ๊ณผ ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค์„
04:25
of the former chief minister and a lawyer
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๋น„๋ฐ€๋ฆฌ์— ์ดฌ์˜ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
04:28
as they told our undercover investigator
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋น„๋ฐ€ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๊ด€์—๊ฒŒ
04:30
exactly how these dubious deals are done
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ
04:33
using such companies.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ชจํ˜ธํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ค„์กŒ๋Š”์ง€ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:36
And the awful thing is,
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๋”์ฐํ•œ ์ผ์€
04:38
there are so many other examples out there
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์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์€ ์˜ˆ๋“ค์ด
04:41
from all walks of life.
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์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ฐ๊ณ„ ๊ฐ์ธต์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
04:45
This truly is a scandal of epic proportions
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์ด๋Š” ์ •๋ง ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ์Šค์บ”๋“ค์ด๊ณ 
04:49
hidden in plain sight.
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๋ˆˆ์— ๋„์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:52
Whether it's the ruthless Mexican drugs cartel,
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๋ฌด๋ชจํ•œ ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ” ๋งˆ์•ฝ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„์กฐ์ง์ธ
04:55
the Zetas,
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์ œํƒ€์Šค๋Š”
04:56
who use anonymous companies to launder profits
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์ต๋ช…์˜ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์„œ ์ˆ˜์ต๊ธˆ์„ ๋ˆ์„ธํƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด
04:58
while their drugs-related violence
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๋งˆ์•ฝ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ํญ๋ ฅ์€
05:00
is tearing communities apart across the Americas.
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์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด ๋Œ€๋ฅ™์˜ ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ๋“ค์„ ํŒŒ๊ดดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:05
Or the anonymous company,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ต๋ช…์˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€
05:07
which bought up Americans' tax debts,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์˜ ์„ธ๊ธˆ ๋ถ€์ฑ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™€์„œ
05:09
piled on the legal fees
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๋ฒ•๋ฌด ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ€์‚ฐํ•ด์„œ
05:11
and then gave homeowners a choice:
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์ง‘์ฃผ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ์„ ํƒ์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:12
Pay up or lose your home.
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๋นš์„ ๊ฐš์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์ง‘์„ ์žƒ๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
05:15
Imagine being threatened with losing your home
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๊ทธ์ € ๋ช‡ ๋ฐฑ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ๋ถ€์ฑ„๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ง‘์„ ์žƒ์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค๋Š”
05:18
sometimes over a debt of just a few hundred dollars,
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ํ˜‘๋ฐ•์„ ๋‹นํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
05:21
and not being able to find out
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋Œ€ํ•ญํ•ด์„œ ๋งž์„œ์•ผ ํ•  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด
05:22
who you were really up against.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ์ง€๋„ ์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
05:26
Now anonymous companies
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์ด์ œ ์ต๋ช… ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์€
05:27
are great for sanctions busting too.
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์ œ์žฌ ๋ถˆ๋ณต์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ๋„ ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:30
As the Iranian government found out
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์ด๋ž€ ์ •๋ถ€๋Š”
05:33
when, through a series of front companies,
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์ผ๋ จ์˜ ์œ„์žฅ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
05:34
it owned a building in the very heart of Manhattan,
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๋งจํ•ดํŠผ์˜ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ
05:38
on Fifth Avenue,
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5๋ฒˆ๊ฐ€์— ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ์†Œ์œ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:40
despite American sanctions.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์žฌ์žฌ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
05:43
And Juicy Couture, home of of the velvet track suit,
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๋ฒจ๋ฒณ ํŠธ๋ ˆ์ด๋‹๋ณต์˜ ๋ณธ๊ฑฐ์ง€์ธ ์ฅฌ์‹œ ์ฟ ์ณ์™€
05:46
and other companies were the unwitting,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š”,
05:49
unknowing tenants there.
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๋ฉ‹๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ทธ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์˜ ์„ธ์ž…์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:52
There are just so many examples,
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์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์€ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
05:54
the horesemeat scandal in Europe,
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ์˜ ๋ง๊ณ ๊ธฐ ์Šค์บ”๋“ค,
05:56
the Italian mafia, they've used these companies
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์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„์˜ ๋งˆํ”ผ์•„๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์„
05:59
for decades.
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์ˆ˜์‹ญ๋…„๋™์•ˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:01
The $100 million American Medicare fraud,
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1์–ต๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜๋ฃŒ๋ณดํ—˜ ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š”
06:06
the supply of weapons to wars around the world
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90๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดˆ ๋™์œ ๋Ÿฝ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ
06:10
including those
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ „์Ÿ์—
06:11
in Eastern Europe in the early '90s.
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๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:14
Anonymous companies
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์ต๋ช… ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์€
06:15
have even come to light
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์šฐํฌ๋ผ์ด๋‚˜์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ
06:17
in the recent revolution in the Ukraine.
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์ตœ๊ทผ ํ˜๋ช…์—์„œ๋„ ๋ฐํ˜€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:21
But, for every case that we and others expose
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํญ๋กœํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์™ธ์—๋„
06:26
there are so many more that will remain hidden away
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
06:29
because of the current system.
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์€ํ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
06:31
And it's just a simple truth
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์ง„์‹ค๋กœ์„œ
06:33
that some of the people responsible for outrageous crimes,
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๋”์ฐํ•œ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„๋ฅผ ์ €์ง€๋ฅด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
06:38
for stealing from you and me
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„, ์ €, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
06:40
and millions of others,
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋„๋‘‘์งˆ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
06:42
they are remaining faceless
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์ •์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
06:43
and they are escaping accountability
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์ฑ…์ž„์„ ํšŒํ”ผํ•˜๋ฉฐ
06:46
and they're doing this with ease,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์„ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ 
06:48
and they're doing it using legal structures.
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ํ•ฉ๋ฒ•์ ์ธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋กœ ๊ทธ ์ผ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:51
And really, that is unfair.
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์ •๋ง๋กœ ๋ถˆ๊ณตํ‰ํ•˜์ฃ .
06:56
Well, you might well ask,
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์ž, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฌป๊ฒ ์ฃ .
06:58
what exactly is an anonymous company,
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์ต๋ช…์˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฑฐ์ฃ ?
07:01
and can I really set one up, and use it,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ 
07:04
without anyone knowing who I am?
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์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
07:06
Well, the answer is, yes you can.
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๊ทธ ๋‹ต์€ "ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค" ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:08
But if you're anything like me,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋งŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ € ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๋ฉด
07:10
you'll want to see some of that for yourself,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ์ง์ ‘ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:12
so let me show you.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
07:14
Well first you need to work out
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์šฐ์„  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์–ด๋””์—
07:15
where you want to set it up.
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์„ค๋ฆฝํ• ์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:17
Now, at this point you might be imagining
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์ด์ œ ์ด ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€
07:19
one of those lovely tropical island tax havens
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์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ์—ด๋Œ€์„ฌ์˜ ์„ธ๊ธˆ์ฒœ๊ตญ์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ• ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ
07:22
but here's the thing,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์ด๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:24
shockingly,
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๋†€๋ž๊ฒŒ๋„
07:26
my own hometown, London,
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์ œ ๊ณ ํ–ฅ ๋Ÿฐ๋˜,
07:28
and indeed the U.K.,
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๊ทธ์•ผ๋ง๋กœ ์˜๊ตญ์€
07:29
is one of the best places in the world
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์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ์ต๋ช… ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ธฐ์—
07:32
to set up an anonymous company.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ๊ณณ ์ค‘์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:35
And the other, even better,
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๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๊ณณ์€
07:38
I'm afraid that's America.
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์œ ๊ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:42
Do you know, in some states across America
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์–ด๋–ค ์ฃผ์—์„œ๋Š”
07:44
you need less identification
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๋„์„œ๊ด€ ์นด๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค
07:46
to open up a company
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ฆฝํ•  ๋•Œ
07:48
than you do to get a library card,
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์‹ ๋ถ„์ฆ์ด ๋” ์ ๊ฒŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
07:51
like Delaware,
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๋ธ๋ผ์›จ์–ด๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ
07:52
which is one of the easiest places
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์ต๋ช… ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ธฐ์—
07:54
in the world to set up an anonymous company.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์‰ฌ์šด ๊ณณ์ค‘์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:58
Okay, so let's say it's America,
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์ข‹์•„์š”. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ณ 
08:00
and let's say it's Delaware,
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๋ธ๋ผ์›จ์–ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
08:02
and now you can simply go online
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์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์œผ๋กœ
08:04
and find yourself a company service provider.
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ œ๊ณต์ž๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
08:07
These are the companies that can set your one up for you,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ฆฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
08:10
and remember, it's all legal, routine business practice.
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๋ชจ๋‘ ํ•ฉ๋ฒ•์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ผ์ƒ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์—… ๊ด€ํ–‰์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
08:14
So, here's one,
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์ž, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
08:16
but there are plenty of others to choose from.
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๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
08:19
And having made your choice,
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์„ ํƒ์„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
08:20
you then pick what type of company you want
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์–ด๋–ค ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊ณ ๋ฅด๊ณ 
08:23
and then fill in a contact, name and address.
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์—ฐ๋ฝ์ฒ˜, ์ด๋ฆ„๊ณผ ์ฃผ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:26
But don't worry,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
08:27
it doesn't have to be your name.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋ณธ์ธ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์ผ ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:29
It can be your lawyer's
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์ด๋‚˜
08:30
or your service provider's,
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์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ œ๊ณต์ž์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
08:32
and it's not for the public record anyway.
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์–ด์จ‹๋“  ๊ณต์‹์  ๊ธฐ๋ก์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:36
And then you add the owner of the company.
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์— ํšŒ์‚ฌ ์†Œ์œ ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์ฃ .
08:39
Now this is the key part,
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์ด์ œ ์ด๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ธ๋ฐ
08:41
and again it doesn't have to be you,
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์—ญ์‹œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋ณธ์ธ์ผ ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:42
because you can get creative,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ฐฝ์˜์ ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
08:45
because there is a whole universe out there of nominees
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์„ธ์ƒ์—๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์„ ํƒํ•  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด
08:48
to choose from.
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๋งŽ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
08:50
And nominees are the people that you
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๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์ธ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋งŒ๋“  ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ์†Œ์œ ์ฃผ๋กœ์„œ
08:52
can legally pay to be your company's owner.
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๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ˆ์„ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด์ฃ .
08:57
And if you don't want to involve anyone else,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹ซ์œผ๋ฉด
08:59
it doesn't even have to be an actual human being.
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์‹ค์ œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์–ด๋„ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:02
It could be another company.
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๊ทธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋˜๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
09:05
And then finally,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ
09:06
give your company a name
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ์ง“๊ณ 
09:08
add a few more details and make your payment.
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์„ธ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ๋” ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๋’ค์— ๋ˆ์„ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•˜์ฃ .
09:11
And then the service provider
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ œ๊ณต์ž๋Š”
09:12
will take a few hours or more to process it.
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๋ช‡ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ด์ƒ์„ ๋“ค์—ฌ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:15
But there you are,
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์ž ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
09:16
in 10 minutes of online shopping
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10๋ถ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์‡ผํ•‘์„ ํ•ด์„œ
09:19
you can create yourself an anonymous company.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์ต๋ช… ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:23
And not only is it easy,
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์‰ฌ์šธ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
09:24
really, really easy and cheap,
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์•„์ฃผ, ์•„์ฃผ ์‰ฝ๊ณ  ์‹ธ๊ณ ,
09:27
it's totally legal too.
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ํ•ฉ๋ฒ•์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:29
But the fun doesn't have to end there,
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์žฌ๋ฏธ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:33
maybe you want to be even more anonymous.
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ต๋ช…์„ฑ์„ ๋” ์›ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
09:36
Well, that's no problem either.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ ๊ฒŒ ์—†์–ด์š”.
09:38
You can simply keep adding layers,
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์ธต์„ ๋” ๋„ฃ์œผ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:40
companies owned by companies.
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ์†Œ์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
09:43
You can have hundreds of layers
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ์ธต์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„
09:44
with hundreds of companies spread across
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๊ฐœ์˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์„
09:46
lots of different countries,
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์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
09:49
like a giant web,
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๋งˆ์น˜ ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ๊ฑฐ๋ฏธ์ค„ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:50
each layer adds anonymity.
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๊ฐ ์ธต์ด ์ต๋ช…์„ฑ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์ฃ .
09:52
Each layer makes it more difficult
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๊ฐ ์ธต์ด ์‚ฌ๋ฒ•๋ถ€์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
09:54
for law enforcement and others
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์ง„์งœ ์†Œ์œ ์ฃผ๋ฅผ
09:56
to find out who the real owner is.
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์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:00
But whose interests is this all serving?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์˜ ์ด์ต์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
10:04
It might be in the interests of the company
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋‚˜
10:06
or a particular individual,
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ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์ด์ต์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
10:07
but what about all of us, the public?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘์˜, ๊ณต๊ณต์˜ ์ด์ต์€์š”?
10:10
There hasn't even been a global conversation yet
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์•…์šฉํ•ด๋„
10:13
about whether it's okay
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๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ
10:14
to misuse companies in this way.
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์•„์ง ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์  ๋…ผ์˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:17
And what does it all mean for us?
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋œป์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
10:21
Well, an example that really haunts me
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์ €๋ฅผ ์ •๋ง ๊ดด๋กญํžˆ๋Š” ํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋Š”
10:24
is one I came across recently.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์ ‘ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:26
And it's that of a horrific fire
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10๋…„ ์ „
10:28
in a nightclub in Buenos Aires
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๋ถ€์—๋…ธ์Šค ์•„์ด๋ ˆ์Šค์˜ ๋‚˜์ดํŠธํด๋Ÿฝ์—์„œ
10:30
about a decade ago.
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์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ๋”์ฐํ•œ ํ™”์žฌ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
10:33
It was the night before New Year's Eve.
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์ƒˆํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ ์ดํ‹€ ์ „ ๋ฐค์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:35
Three thousand very happy revelers,
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3์ฒœ๋ช…์˜ ์•„์ฃผ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•œ ์ทจ๊ฐ๋“ค,
10:37
many of them teenagers,
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๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜๋Š” 10๋Œ€์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ
10:38
were crammed into a space meant for 1,000.
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์ฒœ๋ช…์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์žฅ์†Œ์— ๋ชฐ๋ ค๋“ค์—ˆ์ฃ .
10:41
And then tragedy struck,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ๋น„๊ทน์ด ์ฐพ์•„์™”๊ณ 
10:43
a fire broke out
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๋ถˆ์ด ๋‚˜์„œ
10:44
plastic decorations were melting from the ceiling
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ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ์žฅ์‹์ด ์ฒœ์ •์—์„œ ๋…น์•„ ๋–จ์–ด์กŒ๊ณ 
10:46
and toxic smoke filled the club.
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๋…๊ฐ€์Šค๊ฐ€ ํด๋Ÿฝ์„ ์ฑ„์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:48
So people tried to escape
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋น ์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋ ค ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
10:50
only to find that some of the fire doors
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๋น„์ƒ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€
10:53
had been chained shut.
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์‡ ์‚ฌ์Šฌ๋กœ ์ž ๊ฒจ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์ฃ .
10:57
Over 200 people died.
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200๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์ด ์ฃฝ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:59
Seven hundred were injured trying to get out.
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700๋ช…์ด ํƒˆ์ถœํ•˜๋‹ค ๋‹ค์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:03
And as the victims' families and the city and the country
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ํฌ์ƒ์ž์˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ทธ ๋„์‹œ์™€ ๋‚˜๋ผ๊ฐ€
11:06
reeled in shock,
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์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„ํ‹€๊ฑฐ๋ฆด ๋•Œ
11:08
investigators tried to find out who was responsible.
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์ˆ˜์‚ฌ๊ด€๋“ค์€ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์ฑ…์ž„์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๋ ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:11
And as they looked for the owners of the club,
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ํด๋Ÿฝ์˜ ์†Œ์œ ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด๋‹ˆ
11:14
they found instead anonymous companies,
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์ต๋ช…์˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด์—ˆ๊ณ 
11:18
and confusion surrounded the identities of those
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๊ทธ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์‹ ๋ถ„์€
11:20
involved with the companies.
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ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์› ์ฃ .
11:22
Now ultimately, a range of people were charged
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ธฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด
11:25
and some went to jail.
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์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ฐ์˜ฅ์— ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:27
But this was an awful tragedy,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋”์ฐํ•œ ๋น„๊ทน์ด์—ˆ๊ณ 
11:29
and it shouldn't have been so difficult
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๊ทธ ์ฃฝ์Œ์— ์ฑ…์ž„์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„
11:31
just to try and find out who was responsible
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์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ์ผ์ด
11:35
for those deaths.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋ ต์ง€ ์•Š์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:38
Because in an age
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€
11:39
when there is so much information
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๊ณต๊ฐœ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š”
11:42
out there in the open,
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์‹œ๋Œ€์—
11:44
why should this crucial information
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ ์†Œ์œ ์ฃผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
11:45
about company ownership
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€
11:47
stay hidden away?
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๊ฐ์ถฐ์ ธ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
11:49
Why should tax evaders, corrupt government officials,
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์™œ ์กฐ์„ธ๋ฒ”, ๋ถ€ํŒจํ•œ ์ •๋ถ€ ๊ด€๋ฃŒ,
11:52
arms traders and more,
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๋ฌด๊ธฐ์ƒ๋“ค์ด
11:55
be able to hide their identities from us, the public?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋Œ€์ค‘์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹ ๋ถ„์„ ์ˆจ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
11:59
Why should this secrecy be such an accepted business practice?
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์™œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋น„๋ฐ€์ด ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๊ด€ํ–‰์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ์ ธ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
12:04
Anonymous companies
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์ต๋ช…์˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์€
12:06
might be the norm right now
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ํ‘œ์ค€์ผ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ
12:08
but it wasn't always this way.
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๋Š˜ ์ด๋ ‡์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:10
Companies were created
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ํ˜์‹ ํ•  ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ
12:12
to give people a chance to innovate
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ๋ ค๊ณ  ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ๊ณ 
12:14
and not have to put everything on the line.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์œ„ํƒœ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ํ•  ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:18
Companies were created to limit financial risk,
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ์žฌ์ • ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ์ œํ•œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€
12:21
they were never intended to be used as a moral shield.
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๋„๋•์  ๋ฐฉํŒจ๋กœ ์“ฐ์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:26
Companies were never intended to be anonymous,
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ์ต๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ๋  ์˜๋„๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๊ณ 
12:28
and they don't have to be.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿด ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:31
And so I come to my wish.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์†Œ์›์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:34
My wish is for us to know
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์ œ ์†Œ์›์€ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์†Œ์œ ํ•˜๊ณ 
12:37
who owns and controls companies
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ํ†ต์ œํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ณ 
12:39
so that they can no longer be used anonymously
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ณต์ต์— ๋ฐ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ
12:42
against the public good.
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๋”์ด์ƒ ์ต๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ์“ฐ์—ฌ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:45
Together let's ignite world opinion,
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๋‹คํ•จ๊ป˜ ์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๋ถˆ๋ถ™์ด๊ณ 
12:47
change the law,
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๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ณ 
12:49
and launch a new era of openness in business.
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๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์—ด์–ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
12:54
So what might this look like?
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ชจ์Šต์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
12:55
Well, imagine if you could go online
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์ž, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์—์„œ
12:58
and look up the real owner of a company.
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ์‹ค์ œ ์†Œ์œ ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
13:01
Imagine if this data were open and free,
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์ด ์ž๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๊ฐœ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ์ด๊ณ 
13:04
accessible across borders
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๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์— ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด
13:05
for citizens and businesses
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์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์—…,
13:07
and law enforcement alike.
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์‚ฌ๋ฒ•๋ถ€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณณ์— ์—ด๋ ค์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
13:09
Imagine what a game changer that would be.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ค ์Šน๋ถ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ ์ง€ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
13:13
So how are we going to do this?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
13:16
Well, there is only one way.
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ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:17
Together, we have to change the law globally
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๋‹คํ•จ๊ป˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฒ•์„ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:21
to create public registries
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๊ณต์šฉ ๋“ฑ๊ธฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์„œ
13:23
which list the true owners of companies
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์˜ ์‹ค์ œ ์†Œ์œ ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜๊ณ 
13:25
and can be accessed by all
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ํ—ˆ์ ์ด ์—†์ด
13:27
with no loopholes.
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๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์ ‘์†ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:30
And yes, this is ambitious,
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์˜ˆ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์•ผ๋ง์ด์ง€๋งŒ
13:33
but there is momentum on this issue,
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์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ์ถ”์ง„๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:36
and over the years I have seen
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์ˆ˜๋…„๋™์•ˆ ์ €๋Š”
13:38
the sheer power of momentum,
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์ถ”์ง„๋ ฅ์˜ ์ˆœ์ „ํ•œ ํž˜์„ ๋ดค๊ณ 
13:40
and it's just starting on this issue.
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์ด์ œ ๋ง‰ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:42
There is such an opportunity right now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:46
And the TED community
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ๊ฑธ์ณ
13:48
of creative and innovative thinkers and doers
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์ฐฝ์กฐ์ ์ด๊ณ  ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์ƒ๊ฐ€์™€ ํ–‰๋™๊ฐ€์˜
13:51
across all of society
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TED ๊ณต๋™์ฒด๊ฐ€
13:53
could make the crucial difference.
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:56
You really can make this change happen.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
14:00
Now, a simple starting point
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์ด์ œ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์ถœ๋ฐœ์ ์€
14:02
is the address behind me
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์ œ ๋’ค์˜ ์ฃผ์†Œ์ธ๋ฐ
14:03
for a Facebook page that you can join now
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ํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ถ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ฐ€์ž…ํ•ด์„œ
14:06
to support the campaign and spread the word.
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์บ ํŽ˜์ธ์„ ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ง์„ ํผํŠธ๋ ค์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
14:09
It's going to be a springboard
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ์บ ํŽ˜์ธ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ
14:10
for our global campaigning.
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๋ฐœํŒ์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:12
And the techies among you,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
14:13
you could really help us create a prototype
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋„์™€ ๊ณต๊ณต ๋“ฑ๊ธฐ์†Œ์˜ ์›ํ˜•์„
14:17
public registry
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๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
14:18
to demonstrate what a powerful tool this could be.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋„๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
14:23
Campaign groups from around the world
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์˜จ ์บ ํŽ˜์ธ ๊ทธ๋ฃน๋“ค์€
14:26
have come together to work on this issue.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ชจ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:31
The U.K. government is already on board;
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์˜๊ตญ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ–ˆ๊ณ 
14:34
it supports these public registries.
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๊ณต์šฉ ๋“ฑ๊ธฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ง€์ง€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:36
And just last week,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๋‚œ ์ฃผ์—
14:38
the European Parliament came on board
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์˜ํšŒ๋„ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•ด์„œ
14:41
with a vote 600 to 30 in favor of public registries.
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ํˆฌํ‘œ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 600:30์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต์šฉ ๋“ฑ๊ธฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ง€์ง€ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
14:46
That is momentum.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ถ”์ง„๋ ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:48
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
14:53
But it's early days.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ด์ฃ .
14:56
America still needs to come on board,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ์•„์ง ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ์•ˆํ–ˆ๊ณ 
14:58
as do so many other countries.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋งŽ์€ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:02
And to succeed we will all together
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์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜
15:05
need to help and push our politicians,
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๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์ •์น˜์ธ์„ ์••๋ฐ•ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:07
because without that,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋ฉด
15:09
real far-reaching, world-shifting change
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์ •๋ง๋กœ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ณ , ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š”
15:11
just isn't going to happen.
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์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:14
Because this isn't just about changing the law,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ์ € ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
15:16
this is about starting a conversation
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๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
15:18
about what it's okay for companies to do,
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ํ•ด๋„ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€ ์ผ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
15:21
and in what ways is it acceptable to use company structures.
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:26
This isn't just a dry policy issue.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ์ € ๋”ฐ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ… ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:29
This is a human issue
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด๊ณ 
15:30
which affects us all.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘ํ•œํ…Œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:33
This is about being on the right side of history.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์˜ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์ชฝ์— ์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:39
Global citizens, innovators, business leaders, individuals,
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์„ธ๊ณ„์  ์‹œ๋ฏผ, ํ˜์‹ ๊ฐ€, ๊ธฐ์—… ์ง€๋„์ž, ๊ฐœ์ธ๋“ค
15:45
we need you.
357
945057
1987
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:47
Together, let's kickstart this global movement.
358
947044
3510
๋‹คํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ์šด๋™์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
15:50
Let's just do it,
359
950554
1345
ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ํ•ด๋ณด์ฃ .
15:51
let's end anonymous companies.
360
951899
3302
์ต๋ช…์˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์„ ๋๋ƒ…์‹œ๋‹ค.
15:55
Thank you.
361
955201
2104
๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:57
(Applause)
362
957305
3446
(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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