Charmian Gooch: My wish: To launch a new era of openness in business

Prevoditelj: Ivan Stamenković Recezent: Marinela Zagorscak

I've come here today

Došla sam danas ovamo

to talk to you about a problem.

kako bih s vama razgovarala o jednom problemu.

It's a very simple yet devastating problem,

To je vrlo jednostavan, no ipak razarajući problem.

one that spans the globe

Raširen je po cijelom svijetu

and is affecting all of us.

i utječe na sve nas.

The problem is

Problem su

anonymous companies.

anonimne tvrtke.

It sounds like a really dry and technical thing,

Zvuči vrlo suhoparno i tehnički,

doesn't it?

zar ne?

But anonymous companies are making it difficult

No, anonimne vam tvrtke otežavaju

and sometimes impossible

i ponekad u potpunosti onemogućavaju

to find out

da saznate

the actual human beings responsible

koji su točno ljudi odgovorni

sometimes for really terrible crimes.

za ponekad stvarno užasne zločine.

So, why am I here talking to all of you?

Zašto to govorim ovdje pred svima vama?

Well, I guess I am a lifelong troublemaker

Može se reći da cijeli život stvaram probleme.

and when my parents taught my twin brother and I

Kad su moji roditelji učili mog brata blizanca i mene

to question authority,

da preispitujemo autoritet,

I don't think they knew where it might lead.

mislim da nisu znali do čega bi to moglo dovesti.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

And, they probably really regretted it

Vjerojatno su to požalili

during my stroppy teenage years when, predictably,

tijekom mojih burnih tinejdžerskih godina, kad sam, predvidljivo,

I questioned their authority a lot.

često u pitanje dovodila njihov autoritet.

And a lot of my school teachers

Ni mnogi moji učitelji u školi

didn't appreciate it much either.

nisu to baš cijenili.

You see, since the age of about five

Vidite, otprilike od svoje pete godine

I've always asked the question, but why?

uvijek sam postavljala pitanje: ali zašto?

But why does the Earth go around the sun?

Ali zašto se Zemlja okreće oko sunca?

But why is blood red?

Ali zašto je krv crvene boje?

But why do I have to go to school?

Ali zašto moram ići u školu?

But why do I have to respect the teachers

Ali zašto moram poštovati učitelje

and authority?

i autoritet?

And little did I realize

Nisam ni znala

that this question would become the basis

da će to pitanje postati osnova

of everything I would do.

svega što ću činiti.

And so it was

Tako je i bilo

in my twenties, a long time ago,

u mojim dvadesetima, prije puno vremena,

that one rainy Sunday afternoon in North London

jednog kišnog nedjeljnog popodneva u sjevernom Londonu.

I was sitting with Simon Taylor

Sjedila sam sa Simonom Taylorom

and Patrick Alley

i Patrickom Alleyjem.

and we were busy stuffing envelopes

Spremali smo poštu u omotnice

for a mail out in the office of the campaign group

za slanje iz grupe za kampanju

where we worked at the time.

gdje sam radila u to vrijeme.

And as usual, we were talking about the world's problems.

Kao i obično, razgovarali smo o svjetskim problemima.

And in particular, we were talking about

Konkretno, razgovarali smo

the civil war in Cambodia.

o građanskom ratu u Kambodži.

And we had talked about that many, many times before.

Razgovarali smo o tome i mnogo puta prije toga.

But then suddenly we stopped

Ali iznenada smo zastali

and looked at each other

i pogledali jedni druge

and said, but why don't we try and change this?

i rekli, zašto ne bismo pokušali to promijeniti?

And from that slightly crazy question,

Od tog pomalo suludog pitanja,

over two decades

tijekom dva desetljeća

and many campaigns later,

i nakon brojnih kampanja,

including alerting the world

uključujući i upozoravanje svijeta

to the problem of blood diamonds funding war,

na problem krvavih dijamanata koji financiraju rat,

from that crazy question,

od tog suludog pitanja,

Global Witness is now an 80-strong team

organizacija Global Witness sada ima tim od 80 ljudi

of campaigners, investigators, journalists and lawyers.

koji se sastoji od voditelja kampanja, istraživača, novinara i odvjetnika.

And we're all driven by the same belief,

Sve nas vodi isto uvjerenje,

that change really is possible.

da je promjena zaista moguća.

So, what exactly does Global Witness do?

Pa, čime se točno bavi Global Witness?

We investigate, we report,

Istražujemo i izvješćujemo

to uncover the people really responsible

kako bismo razotkrili ljude koji su zaista odgovorni

for funding conflict --

za financiranje sukoba --

for stealing millions from citizens around the world,

za krađu milijuna od građana širom svijeta,

also known as state looting,

odnosno takozvano pustošenje države,

and for destroying the environment.

i za uništavanje okoliša.

And then we campaign hard to change the system itself.

Vodimo i snažnu kampanju kako bismo promijenili sam sustav.

And we're doing this because so many of the countries

Činimo to jer u toliko mnogo zemalja

rich in natural resources

bogatih prirodnim resursima

like oil or diamonds or timber

poput nafte ili dijamanata ili drva

are home to some of the poorest

žive neki od najsiromšnijih

and most dispossessed people on the planet.

i najobespravljenijih ljudi na svijetu.

And much of this injustice

Velik dio te nepravde

is made possible

prouzrokovan je

by currently accepted business practices.

općeprihvaćenim načinima poslovanja.

And one of these is anonymous companies.

A jedan od njih jesu i anonimne tvrtke.

Now we've come up against anonymous companies

Susreli smo se s anonimnim tvrtkama

in lots of our investigations,

u mnogim našim istragama,

like in the Democratic Republic of Congo,

primjerice u Demokratskoj Republici Kongo,

where we exposed how secretive deals

gdje smo otkrili kako su tajni poslovi

involving anonymous companies

koji uključuju anonimne tvrtke

had deprived the citizens

uskratili građanima

of one of the poorest countries on the planet

jedne od najsiromašnijih zemalja na svijetu

of well over a billion dollars.

preko milijardu dolara.

That's twice the country's health and education budget combined.

To je dva puta više sredstava od budžeta za zdravstvo i obrazovanje te zemlje.

Or in Liberia,

Ili u Liberiji,

where an international predatory logging company

gdje je međunarodna predatorska tvrtka koja se bavi sječom šuma

used front companies as it attempted to grab

iskoristila paravan kako bi pokušala ugrabiti

a really huge chunk of Liberia's unique forests.

velik komad liberijskih jedinstvenih šuma.

Or political corruption in Sarawak, Malaysia,

Ili politička korupcija u Sarawaku u Maleziji,

which has led to the destruction of much of its forests.

koja je dovela do uništenja velikog dijela njihovih šuma.

Well, that uses anonymous companies too.

Za to su također korištene anonimne tvrtke.

We secretly filmed some of the family

Tajno smo snimali neke članove obitelji

of the former chief minister and a lawyer

bivšeg guvernera i odvjetnika

as they told our undercover investigator

dok su govorili našem tajnom istražitelju

exactly how these dubious deals are done

kako se točno odrađuju ti sumnjivi poslovi.

using such companies.

koristeći takve tvrtke.

And the awful thing is,

Užasna je stvar

there are so many other examples out there

da postoji toliko drugih primjera

from all walks of life.

iz svih vrsta djelatnosti.

This truly is a scandal of epic proportions

To je zaista skandal epskih proporcija

hidden in plain sight.

skriven nama pred očima.

Whether it's the ruthless Mexican drugs cartel,

To je, primjerice, besćutan meksički kartel,

the Zetas,

Zete,

who use anonymous companies to launder profits

koji koriste anonimne tvrtke kako bi prali zaradu

while their drugs-related violence

dok njihovo nasilje vezano uz drogu

is tearing communities apart across the Americas.

razara zajednice širom obje Amerike.

Or the anonymous company,

Ili jedna anonimna tvrtka,

which bought up Americans' tax debts,

koja je otkupila porezne dugove Amerikanaca,

piled on the legal fees

nagomilala pravne troškove

and then gave homeowners a choice:

i potom vlasnicima kuća dala izbor:

Pay up or lose your home.

plati ili ostaješ bez kuće.

Imagine being threatened with losing your home

Zamislite da vam prijete oduzimanjem kuće,

sometimes over a debt of just a few hundred dollars,

ponekad zbog duga od samo nekoliko stotina dolara,

and not being able to find out

i da ne možete doznati

who you were really up against.

s kim se zapravo suočavate.

Now anonymous companies

Anonimne tvrtke

are great for sanctions busting too.

odlične su i za izbjegavanje sankcija.

As the Iranian government found out

Kao kad se saznalo da je iranska vlada

when, through a series of front companies,

kroz niz tvrtki paravana

it owned a building in the very heart of Manhattan,

posjedovala zgradu u samom srcu Manhattana,

on Fifth Avenue,

na Petoj aveniji,

despite American sanctions.

unatoč američkim sankcijama.

And Juicy Couture, home of of the velvet track suit,

A Juicy Couture, dom trenirke od baršuna,

and other companies were the unwitting,

i druge tvrtke unajmljivale su taj prostor,

unknowing tenants there.

a da nisu znali o čemu se radi.

There are just so many examples,

Ima toliko primjera --

the horesemeat scandal in Europe,

skandal s konjskim mesom u Europi,

the Italian mafia, they've used these companies

talijanska mafija, koja je koristila takve tvrtke

for decades.

desetljećima.

The $100 million American Medicare fraud,

Prijevara američkog Medicarea vrijedna 100 milijuna dolara,

the supply of weapons to wars around the world

opskrba oružjem za ratove širom svijeta

including those

uključujući one

in Eastern Europe in the early '90s.

u istočnoj Europi početkom devedesetih.

Anonymous companies

Anonimne tvrtke

have even come to light

pojavile su se

in the recent revolution in the Ukraine.

čak i u nedavnoj revoluciji u Ukrajini.

But, for every case that we and others expose

No, za svaki slučaj koji razotkrijemo mi i ostali

there are so many more that will remain hidden away

postoji toliko drugih koji ostaju skriveni

because of the current system.

zbog trenutnog sustava.

And it's just a simple truth

Jednostavna je istina

that some of the people responsible for outrageous crimes,

da neki od ljudi odgovornih za strašne zločine,

for stealing from you and me

za krađu od mene i vas

and millions of others,

i milijuna drugih,

they are remaining faceless

ostaju bezlični,

and they are escaping accountability

bježe od odgovornosti

and they're doing this with ease,

rade to s lakoćom,

and they're doing it using legal structures.

i rade to koristeći legalne strukture.

And really, that is unfair.

I to je zaista nepošteno.

Well, you might well ask,

Mogli biste pitati

what exactly is an anonymous company,

što je to točno anonimna tvrtka,

and can I really set one up, and use it,

i mogu li je zaista osnovati, i koristiti je,

without anyone knowing who I am?

a da nitko ne zna tko sam?

Well, the answer is, yes you can.

Pa, odgovor je da, možete.

But if you're anything like me,

Ali ako ste imalo poput mene,

you'll want to see some of that for yourself,

htjet ćete se u to sami uvjeriti.

so let me show you.

Dozvolite da vam pokažem.

Well first you need to work out

Prvo trebate odlučiti

where you want to set it up.

gdje je želite osnovati.

Now, at this point you might be imagining

Sad možda zamišljate

one of those lovely tropical island tax havens

jedan od poreznih rajeva na tropskom otoku

but here's the thing,

ali u ovome je stvar.

shockingly,

Šokantno je

my own hometown, London,

da je moj rodni grad, London,

and indeed the U.K.,

i cijelo Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo,

is one of the best places in the world

jedno od najboljih mjesta na svijetu

to set up an anonymous company.

za otvaranje anonimne tvrtke.

And the other, even better,

A drugo najbolje mjesto, još bolje,

I'm afraid that's America.

nažalost je Amerika.

Do you know, in some states across America

Znate li da u nekim saveznim državama

you need less identification

trebate manje identifikacije

to open up a company

da biste otvorli tvrtku

than you do to get a library card,

nego da biste dobili iskaznicu u knjižnici?

like Delaware,

Primjerice u Delawareu,

which is one of the easiest places

koji je jedno od najjednostavnijih mjesta na svijetu

in the world to set up an anonymous company.

za osnivanje anonimne tvrtke.

Okay, so let's say it's America,

OK, recimo da ste u Americi,

and let's say it's Delaware,

i recimo da ste u Delawareu.

and now you can simply go online

Sad jednostavno možete otići online

and find yourself a company service provider.

i naći si pružatelja usluga za tvrtke.

These are the companies that can set your one up for you,

To su tvrtke koje za vas mogu osnovati vašu tvrtku.

and remember, it's all legal, routine business practice.

Zapamtite, to je sve legalan rutinski način poslovanja.

So, here's one,

Evo jedne takve tvrtke,

but there are plenty of others to choose from.

ali možete birati između brojnih drugih.

And having made your choice,

Kad se odlučite,

you then pick what type of company you want

tada birate kakvu vrstu tvrtke želite

and then fill in a contact, name and address.

te upišete kontakt podatke, ime i adresu.

But don't worry,

Ali ne brinite,

it doesn't have to be your name.

to ne mora biti vaše ime.

It can be your lawyer's

Može biti ime vašeg odvjetnika

or your service provider's,

ili vašeg pružatelja usluge,

and it's not for the public record anyway.

a ti podatci ionako nisu javno dostupni.

And then you add the owner of the company.

Zatim upisujete vlasnika tvrtke.

Now this is the key part,

To je ključni dio,

and again it doesn't have to be you,

opet to ne morate biti vi.

because you can get creative,

Možete biti kreativni

because there is a whole universe out there of nominees

jer postoji bezbroj pogodnih kandidata

to choose from.

koje možete odabrati.

And nominees are the people that you

A kandidati su ljudi kojima vi

can legally pay to be your company's owner.

možete legalno platiti da budu vlasnici vaše tvrtke.

And if you don't want to involve anyone else,

Ako ne želite uključiti nikoga drugog,

it doesn't even have to be an actual human being.

to čak ne mora biti ni pravo ljudsko biće.

It could be another company.

To može biti druga tvrtka.

And then finally,

I onda naposljetku,

give your company a name

dajte ime svojoj tvrtci,

add a few more details and make your payment.

dodajte još pokoji detalj i uplatite.

And then the service provider

Zatim će pružatelju usluge

will take a few hours or more to process it.

trebati nekoliko sati kako bi to obradio.

But there you are,

Ali to je to,

in 10 minutes of online shopping

u 10 minuta online kupovine

you can create yourself an anonymous company.

možete osnovati vlastitu anonimnu tvrtku.

And not only is it easy,

To ne samo da je lako,

really, really easy and cheap,

zaista, zaista lako i povoljno,

it's totally legal too.

već je i potpuno legalno.

But the fun doesn't have to end there,

Ali ne morate stati na tome.

maybe you want to be even more anonymous.

Možda želite biti još anonimniji.

Well, that's no problem either.

Ni to nije nikakav problem.

You can simply keep adding layers,

Jednostavno možete nastaviti dodavati slojeve,

companies owned by companies.

tvrtke koje posjeduju tvrtke.

You can have hundreds of layers

Možete imati stotine slojeva

with hundreds of companies spread across

sa stotinama tvrtki raširenih

lots of different countries,

u mnogo različitih zemalja,

like a giant web,

poput ogromne mreže,

each layer adds anonymity.

a svaki sloj povećava anonimnost.

Each layer makes it more difficult

Svaki sloj dodatno otežava

for law enforcement and others

snagama reda i drugima

to find out who the real owner is.

otkrivanje pravog vlasnika.

But whose interests is this all serving?

Ali čijim interesima sve ovo služi?

It might be in the interests of the company

Možda je u interesu tvrtke

or a particular individual,

ili određenog pojedinca,

but what about all of us, the public?

ali što je sa svima nama, s javnošću?

There hasn't even been a global conversation yet

Dosad još nije bilo nikakvog globalnog razgovora

about whether it's okay

o tome je li u redu

to misuse companies in this way.

zlorabiti tvrtke na taj način.

And what does it all mean for us?

I što to sve znači za nas?

Well, an example that really haunts me

Primjer koji me zaista progoni

is one I came across recently.

jest jedan na koji sam nedavno naišla.

And it's that of a horrific fire

Radi se o stravičnom požaru

in a nightclub in Buenos Aires

u noćnom klubu u Buenos Airesu

about a decade ago.

prije desetak godina.

It was the night before New Year's Eve.

Bila je to noć prije Silvestrova.

Three thousand very happy revelers,

Tri tisuće dobro raspoloženih ljudi željnih provoda,

many of them teenagers,

mnogi od njih tinejdžeri,

were crammed into a space meant for 1,000.

bilo je nagurano u prostoru namijenjenom za 1000 ljudi.

And then tragedy struck,

I onda se dogodila tragedija,

a fire broke out

izbio je požar,

plastic decorations were melting from the ceiling

plastične dekoracije topile su se sa stropa

and toxic smoke filled the club.

i otrovan dim ispunio je klub.

So people tried to escape

Ljudi su pokušali pobjeći,

only to find that some of the fire doors

ali ispostavilo se da su neki požarni izlazi

had been chained shut.

bili zatvoreni lancima.

Over 200 people died.

Umrlo je više od 200 ljudi.

Seven hundred were injured trying to get out.

Sedamsto ljudi ozlijeđeno je u pokušaju da izađu van.

And as the victims' families and the city and the country

Dok su obitelji žrtava i grad i država

reeled in shock,

bili izgubljeni u šoku,

investigators tried to find out who was responsible.

istražitelji su pokušavali otkriti tko je bio odgovoran za to.

And as they looked for the owners of the club,

Dok su tražili vlasnike kluba,

they found instead anonymous companies,

naišli su na anonimne tvrtke,

and confusion surrounded the identities of those

a identiteti onih koji su u tim tvrtkama radili

involved with the companies.

bili su potpuno nejasni.

Now ultimately, a range of people were charged

Na kraju je optuženo mnogo ljudi

and some went to jail.

i neki su poslani u zatvor.

But this was an awful tragedy,

Ali to je bila užasna tragedija,

and it shouldn't have been so difficult

i nije smjelo biti tako teško

just to try and find out who was responsible

samo pokušati doznati tko je odgovoran

for those deaths.

za te smrti.

Because in an age

Jer u vremenu

when there is so much information

kad postoji toliko informacija,

out there in the open,

u potpunosti dostupnih,

why should this crucial information

zašto bi te ključne informacije

about company ownership

o vlasništvu tvrtke

stay hidden away?

ostale skrivene?

Why should tax evaders, corrupt government officials,

Zašto bi ljudi koji izbjegavaju plaćanje poreza, korumpirani vladini dužnosnici,

arms traders and more,

trgovci oružjem i drugi,

be able to hide their identities from us, the public?

bili u mogućnosti sakriti svoj identitet od nas, javnosti?

Why should this secrecy be such an accepted business practice?

Zašto bi ta tajnovitost bila općeprihvaćen način poslovanja?

Anonymous companies

Anonimne tvrtke

might be the norm right now

možda sada i jesu norma,

but it wasn't always this way.

ali nije uvijek bilo tako.

Companies were created

Tvrtke su stvarane

to give people a chance to innovate

kako bi ljudima dale priliku da stvaraju inovacije,

and not have to put everything on the line.

a da ne moraju sve riskirati.

Companies were created to limit financial risk,

Tvrtke su stvarane kako bi se ograničio financijski rizik,

they were never intended to be used as a moral shield.

nikad nisu trebale biti korištene kao moralni štit.

Companies were never intended to be anonymous,

Tvrtke nikad nisu trebale biti anonimne,

and they don't have to be.

i one to ne moraju biti.

And so I come to my wish.

Tako dolazim do svoje želje.

My wish is for us to know

Moja je želja da znamo

who owns and controls companies

tko posjeduje i kontrolira tvrtke

so that they can no longer be used anonymously

tako da ih se više ne može koristiti anonimno

against the public good.

protiv javnog dobra.

Together let's ignite world opinion,

Zajedno zapalimo svjetsko mišljenje,

change the law,

promijenimo zakon,

and launch a new era of openness in business.

i pokrenimo novo doba otvorenosti u poslovanju.

So what might this look like?

Kako bi to moglo izgledati?

Well, imagine if you could go online

Zamislite kad biste mogli otići online

and look up the real owner of a company.

i potražiti tko je stvarni vlasnik neke tvrtke.

Imagine if this data were open and free,

Zamislite da su ti podatci dostupni i besplatni,

accessible across borders

u svim zemljama,

for citizens and businesses

za građane i tvrtke

and law enforcement alike.

i provoditelje zakona.

Imagine what a game changer that would be.

Zamislite kako bi to promijenilo pravila igre.

So how are we going to do this?

Kako ćemo to učiniti?

Well, there is only one way.

Postoji samo jedan način.

Together, we have to change the law globally

Zajedno moramo promijeniti zakone na globalnoj razini

to create public registries

kako bi se kreirali javni registri

which list the true owners of companies

u kojima će biti navedeni stvarni vlasnici tvrtki

and can be accessed by all

i kojima će svi moći pristupiti,

with no loopholes.

bez rupa u propisima.

And yes, this is ambitious,

I da, to jest ambiciozno,

but there is momentum on this issue,

ali ovaj problem dobio je zamah.

and over the years I have seen

Tijekom godina vidjela sam

the sheer power of momentum,

čistu snagu zamaha,

and it's just starting on this issue.

a za ovaj problem on tek počinje.

There is such an opportunity right now.

Sad se ukazala odlična prilika.

And the TED community

TED zajednica

of creative and innovative thinkers and doers

kreativnih, inovativnih mislilaca i praktičara

across all of society

iz čitavog društva

could make the crucial difference.

mogla bi imati presudan utjecaj.

You really can make this change happen.

Zaista možete postići da dođe do ove promjene.

Now, a simple starting point

Jednostavno mjesto za početak

is the address behind me

jest adresa iza mene, koja vodi

for a Facebook page that you can join now

na Facebook stranicu kojoj se možete pridružiti

to support the campaign and spread the word.

kako biste podržali kampanju i proširili glas o njoj.

It's going to be a springboard

To će biti odskočna daska

for our global campaigning.

za našu globalnu kampanju.

And the techies among you,

Kompjutoraši među vama,

you could really help us create a prototype

vi biste nam stvarno mogli pomoći stvoriti prototip

public registry

javnog registra

to demonstrate what a powerful tool this could be.

koji će demonstrirati kakav bi to moćan alat mogao biti.

Campaign groups from around the world

Grupe za kampanju iz čitavog svijeta

have come together to work on this issue.

ujedinile su se kako bi zajedno radile na tom problemu.

The U.K. government is already on board;

Vlada Ujedinjenog Kraljevstva već se uključila

it supports these public registries.

i podržava te javne registre.

And just last week,

Baš prošli tjedan

the European Parliament came on board

Europski se parlament uključio

with a vote 600 to 30 in favor of public registries.

glasanjem 600 naprama 30 u korist javnih registara.

That is momentum.

To je zamah.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

But it's early days.

Ali ovo je tek početak.

America still needs to come on board,

Još čekamo Ameriku da se uključi,

as do so many other countries.

kao i mnoge druge zemlje.

And to succeed we will all together

Da bismo uspjeli, svi ćemo zajedno

need to help and push our politicians,

morati pomoći i pogurati naše političare,

because without that,

jer bez toga,

real far-reaching, world-shifting change

pravih dalekosežnih promjena koje mijenjaju svijet

just isn't going to happen.

jednostavno neće biti.

Because this isn't just about changing the law,

Jer tu se ne radi samo o mijenjanju zakona,

this is about starting a conversation

nego o započinjanju razgovora

about what it's okay for companies to do,

o tome što je u redu da tvrtke čine

and in what ways is it acceptable to use company structures.

i kako je prihvatljivo koristiti strukture tvrtke.

This isn't just a dry policy issue.

To nije samo problem suhih pravilnika.

This is a human issue

To je problem ljudi

which affects us all.

koji utječe na sve nas.

This is about being on the right side of history.

Radi se o tome da budemo na pravoj strani povijesti.

Global citizens, innovators, business leaders, individuals,

Globalni građani, inovatori, vodeći ljudi poslovnog svijeta, pojedinci,

we need you.

trebamo vas.

Together, let's kickstart this global movement.

Zajedno pokrenimo ovaj globalni pokret.

Let's just do it,

Samo učinimo to,

let's end anonymous companies.

stanimo na kraj anonimnim tvrtkama.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)