Charmian Gooch: My wish: To launch a new era of openness in business

46,278 views ใƒป 2014-03-20

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Shlomo Adam ืžื‘ืงืจ: Sigal Tifferet
00:12
I've come here today
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ื‘ืืชื™ ื”ื ื” ื”ื™ื•ื
00:13
to talk to you about a problem.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื•ื—ื— ืื™ืชื›ื ืขืœ ื‘ืขื™ื”.
00:16
It's a very simple yet devastating problem,
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ื‘ืขื™ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ืื‘ืœ ื”ืจืกื ื™ืช,
00:19
one that spans the globe
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ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืžืงื™ืคื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ื•ืก
00:21
and is affecting all of us.
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ื•ืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื›ื•ืœื ื•.
00:24
The problem is
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ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ื
00:26
anonymous companies.
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ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืืœืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช.
00:29
It sounds like a really dry and technical thing,
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ื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข ื›ืžื• ืžื•ื ื— ืžืื“ ื™ื‘ืฉ ื•ื˜ื›ื ื™,
00:31
doesn't it?
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ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
00:32
But anonymous companies are making it difficult
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืืœืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืงืฉื•ืช,
00:34
and sometimes impossible
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ื•ืœืขืชื™ื ืžื•ื ืขื•ืช ื›ืœ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช
00:37
to find out
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ืœื“ืขืช
00:39
the actual human beings responsible
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ืžื™ื”ื ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื ืฉืื—ืจืื™ื
00:42
sometimes for really terrible crimes.
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ืœืขืชื™ื ืœืคืฉืขื™ื ืื™ื•ืžื™ื ื•ื ื•ืจืื™ื.
00:47
So, why am I here talking to all of you?
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ืื– ืžื“ื•ืข ื‘ืืชื™ ื”ื ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ื›ื•ืœื›ื?
00:52
Well, I guess I am a lifelong troublemaker
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ื›ื ืจืื” ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื”-ืฆืจื•ืช ืžื˜ื‘ืขื™
00:56
and when my parents taught my twin brother and I
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ื•ื›ืฉื”ื•ืจื™ ืœื™ืžื“ื• ืืช ืื—ื™ ื”ืชืื•ื ื•ืื•ืชื™
00:59
to question authority,
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ืœื”ื˜ื™ืœ ืกืคืง ื‘ืกืžื›ื•ืช,
01:01
I don't think they knew where it might lead.
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ืœื ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ืฉื”ื ื™ื“ืขื• ืœืืŸ ื–ื” ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืœ.
01:03
(Laughter)
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[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
01:04
And, they probably really regretted it
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ื•ื”ื ื•ื“ืื™ ื”ืชื—ืจื˜ื• ืขืœ ื›ืš
01:06
during my stroppy teenage years when, predictably,
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ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ืคืจื•ืขื•ืช, ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ, ื›ืฆืคื•ื™,
01:09
I questioned their authority a lot.
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ื”ืจื‘ื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื˜ื™ืœ ืกืคืง ื‘ืกืžื›ื•ืชื.
01:11
And a lot of my school teachers
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ื•ื’ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืžื•ืจื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ื”"ืก
01:13
didn't appreciate it much either.
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ืœื ืื”ื‘ื• ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“.
01:16
You see, since the age of about five
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ื›ื™ ืžืื– ื’ื™ืœ ื—ืžืฉ ื‘ืขืจืš,
01:18
I've always asked the question, but why?
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ืชืžื™ื“ ืฉืืœืชื™: "ืื‘ืœ ืœืžื”?"
01:22
But why does the Earth go around the sun?
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžื” ื”ืืจืฅ ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืฉืžืฉ?
01:25
But why is blood red?
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžื” ื”ื“ื ืื“ื•ื?
01:26
But why do I have to go to school?
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžื” ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืœื›ืช ืœื‘ื™ื”"ืก?
01:29
But why do I have to respect the teachers
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ืœืžื” ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื›ื‘ื“ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื
01:31
and authority?
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ื•ืืช ื”ืกืžื›ื•ืช?
01:33
And little did I realize
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ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืžื•ืฉื’
01:34
that this question would become the basis
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ืฉื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื–ื• ืชื”ืคื•ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื‘ืกื™ืก
01:37
of everything I would do.
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ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืืขืฉื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื.
01:40
And so it was
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ื•ื›ืš ืงืจื”,
01:42
in my twenties, a long time ago,
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ืฉื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-20 ืฉืœื™, ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ,
01:44
that one rainy Sunday afternoon in North London
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ื‘ืขืจื‘ ื™ื•ื ื' ื’ืฉื•ื ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ,
01:48
I was sitting with Simon Taylor
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ื™ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืขื ืกื™ื™ืžื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืœื•ืจ
01:50
and Patrick Alley
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ื•ืคื˜ืจื™ืง ืืœื™,
01:52
and we were busy stuffing envelopes
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ื•ื”ืขืกืงื ื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ื‘ืžื™ืœื•ื™ ืžืขื˜ืคื•ืช
01:54
for a mail out in the office of the campaign group
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื“ื•ืืจ ื”ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ืชืขืžื•ืœื”
01:57
where we worked at the time.
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ืฉื‘ื• ืขื‘ื“ื ื• ืื–.
01:59
And as usual, we were talking about the world's problems.
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ื•ื›ืจื’ื™ืœ, ืฉื•ื—ื—ื ื• ืขืœ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื.
02:03
And in particular, we were talking about
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ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ืขืœ
02:05
the civil war in Cambodia.
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ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื‘ืงืžื‘ื•ื“ื™ื”.
02:08
And we had talked about that many, many times before.
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ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ืขืœ ื–ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื“ ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ืจ.
02:12
But then suddenly we stopped
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืคืขื ื”ืฉืชืชืงื ื• ืœืคืชืข,
02:14
and looked at each other
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ื•ื”ื‘ื˜ื ื• ื–ื” ื‘ื–ื”,
02:16
and said, but why don't we try and change this?
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ื•ืืžืจื ื•, ืื‘ืœ ืœืžื” ืฉืœื ื ื ืกื” ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”?
02:20
And from that slightly crazy question,
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ื•ืžืื– ืื•ืชื” ืฉืืœื” ืžื˜ื•ืจืคืช ื‘ืžืงืฆืช,
02:23
over two decades
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื,
02:25
and many campaigns later,
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ื•ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืชืขืžื•ืœื”,
02:27
including alerting the world
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ืฉื›ืœืœื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช
02:29
to the problem of blood diamonds funding war,
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ืืช ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ื™ื”ืœื•ืžื™ ื”ื“ืžื™ื ืฉืžืžืžื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”,
02:32
from that crazy question,
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ืžืื•ืชื” ืฉืืœื” ืžื˜ื•ืจืคืช,
02:34
Global Witness is now an 80-strong team
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"ืขื“ื•ืช ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช" ื”ืคื›ื” ื›ืขืช ืœืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœ 80 ืื™ืฉ
02:37
of campaigners, investigators, journalists and lawyers.
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ืฉืœ ืชื•ืขืžืœื ื™ื, ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื, ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื ื•ืขื•ืจื›ื™-ื“ื™ืŸ.
02:41
And we're all driven by the same belief,
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ื•ืืช ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืžื ื™ืขื” ืื•ืชื” ืืžื•ื ื”,
02:44
that change really is possible.
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ืฉื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืื›ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื™.
02:48
So, what exactly does Global Witness do?
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ืื– ื‘ืžื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืขื•ืกืงืช "ืขื“ื•ืช ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช"?
02:51
We investigate, we report,
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ืื ื• ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื, ืื ื• ืžื“ื•ื•ื—ื™ื
02:53
to uncover the people really responsible
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื‘ืืžืช ืื—ืจืื™ื™ื
02:56
for funding conflict --
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ืœืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜--
02:58
for stealing millions from citizens around the world,
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ืœื’ื ื™ื‘ืช ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ืžืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
03:02
also known as state looting,
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ืžื” ืฉืžื•ื›ืจ ื’ื ื›"ื’ื–ืœ ืžืฆื“ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”",
03:03
and for destroying the environment.
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ื•ืœื”ืจืก ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”.
03:06
And then we campaign hard to change the system itself.
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ื•ืื– ืื ื• ื ืื‘ืงื™ื ื‘ื›ื•ื— ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืขืฆืžื”.
03:11
And we're doing this because so many of the countries
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ื•ืื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช ื›ื™ ื‘ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื”ืืจืฆื•ืช
03:14
rich in natural resources
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ืฉืขืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืื‘ื™ ื˜ื‘ืข
03:16
like oil or diamonds or timber
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ื›ืžื• ื ืคื˜, ื™ื”ืœื•ืžื™ื ืื• ืขืฅ,
03:19
are home to some of the poorest
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ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืขืžื™ื ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
03:21
and most dispossessed people on the planet.
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ื•ื”ืžื ื•ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
03:25
And much of this injustice
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ื•ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ืื™-ืฆื“ืง ื”ื–ื”
03:27
is made possible
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ืžืชืืคืฉืจ
03:29
by currently accepted business practices.
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ืข"ื™ ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื•ืช ื›ื™ื•ื.
03:32
And one of these is anonymous companies.
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ื•ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืืœืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช.
03:37
Now we've come up against anonymous companies
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ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืชืงืœื ื• ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืืœืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช
03:39
in lots of our investigations,
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ื‘ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื”ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•,
03:41
like in the Democratic Republic of Congo,
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ืœืžืฉืœ, ื‘ืจืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืงื” ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืงื•ื ื’ื•,
03:43
where we exposed how secretive deals
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ืฉื‘ื” ื—ืฉืคื ื• ืขื™ืกืงืื•ืช ืกื•ื“ื™ื•ืช
03:46
involving anonymous companies
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ืฉืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืืœืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช
03:48
had deprived the citizens
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ื ื™ืฉืœื• ืืช ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื
03:50
of one of the poorest countries on the planet
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ืฉืœ ืื—ืช ื”ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ืขื ื™ื•ืช ืขืœื™ ืื“ืžื•ืช
03:54
of well over a billion dollars.
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ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ.
03:56
That's twice the country's health and education budget combined.
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ื–ื” ื›ืคืœื™ื™ื ืžืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืฉืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื”ื™ื, ื‘ื™ื—ื“.
04:01
Or in Liberia,
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ืื• ื‘ืœื™ื‘ืจื™ื”,
04:03
where an international predatory logging company
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ืฉื‘ื” ื—ื‘ืจื” ื—ืžืกื ื™ืช ื•ื‘ื™ื "ืœ ืœื›ืจื™ืชืช ืขืฆื™ื
04:06
used front companies as it attempted to grab
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ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื” ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช-ืงืฉ ื›ืฉื ื™ืกืชื” ืœื”ื ื™ื— ื™ื“ื™ื”
04:08
a really huge chunk of Liberia's unique forests.
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ืขืœ ื ืชื— ืขื ืง ืžืŸ ื”ื™ืขืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืœื™ื‘ืจื™ื”.
04:12
Or political corruption in Sarawak, Malaysia,
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ืื• ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืกืืจืื•ื•ืืง ืฉื‘ืžืœื–ื™ื”,
04:15
which has led to the destruction of much of its forests.
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ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœื”ืฉืžื“ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื™ืขืจื•ืชื™ื”.
04:19
Well, that uses anonymous companies too.
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ื’ื ื›ืืŸ ื ืขืฉื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืืœืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช.
04:23
We secretly filmed some of the family
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ืฆื™ืœืžื ื• ื‘ื—ืฉืื™ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”
04:25
of the former chief minister and a lawyer
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ืฉืœ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉืจื™ื ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืขื•ืจืš-ื“ื™ืŸ
04:28
as they told our undercover investigator
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ื›ืฉืกื™ืคืจื• ืœื—ื•ืงืจ ื”ื—ืฉืื™ ืฉืœื ื•
04:30
exactly how these dubious deals are done
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ืื™ืš ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื ืขืฉื•ืช ืื•ืชืŸ ืขื™ืกืงืื•ืช ืžืคื•ืงืคืงื•ืช
04:33
using such companies.
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ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื›ืืœื”.
04:36
And the awful thing is,
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืื™ื•ื ื•ื ื•ืจื ื”ื•ื,
04:38
there are so many other examples out there
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ืฉื™ืฉ ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ื›ืืœื”
04:41
from all walks of life.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ืจื—ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.
04:45
This truly is a scandal of epic proportions
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ื–ืืช ื‘ืืžืช ืฉืขืจื•ืจื™ื” ื‘ืžื™ืžื“ื™ื ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื
04:49
hidden in plain sight.
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ืฉืžื•ืกืชืจืช ืœืขื™ืŸ ื›ืœ.
04:52
Whether it's the ruthless Mexican drugs cartel,
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืงืจื˜ืœ ื”ืกืžื™ื ื”ืžืงืกื™ืงื ื™ ื”ืื›ื–ืจ,
04:55
the Zetas,
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ื”"ื–ื˜ืืก",
04:56
who use anonymous companies to launder profits
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ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืืœืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื
04:58
while their drugs-related violence
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืกืžื™ื ืฉืœื”ื
05:00
is tearing communities apart across the Americas.
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ืงื•ืจืขืช ืœื’ื–ืจื™ื ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงื•ืช.
05:05
Or the anonymous company,
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ืื• ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืืœืžื•ื ื™ืช,
05:07
which bought up Americans' tax debts,
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ืฉืจื›ืฉื” ืืช ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืกื™ื ืฉืœ ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™ื,
05:09
piled on the legal fees
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ื”ืขืจื™ืžื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ืขืžืœื•ืช ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช,
05:11
and then gave homeowners a choice:
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ื•ืื– ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื‘ืชื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืจื”:
05:12
Pay up or lose your home.
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ืฉืœืžื• ืื• ืชืื‘ื“ื• ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช.
05:15
Imagine being threatened with losing your home
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ืชืืจื• ืœืขืฆืžื›ื ืฉืžืื™ื™ืžื™ื ืขืœื™ื›ื ื‘ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื‘ื™ืชื›ื
05:18
sometimes over a debt of just a few hundred dollars,
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื—ื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื›ืžื” ืžืื•ืช ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื,
05:21
and not being able to find out
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ื•ืื™ื ื›ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื’ืœื•ืช
05:22
who you were really up against.
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ืžื™ ื ื™ืฆื‘ ืžื•ืœื›ื.
05:26
Now anonymous companies
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ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืืœืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช
05:27
are great for sanctions busting too.
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ืžืขื•ืœื” ื’ื ื‘ื”ื“ื™ืคืช ืกื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช.
05:30
As the Iranian government found out
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉื’ื™ืœืชื” ืžืžืฉืœืช ืื™ืจืŸ,
05:33
when, through a series of front companies,
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ืฉื“ืจืš ืกื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช-ืงืฉ
05:34
it owned a building in the very heart of Manhattan,
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ื”ืฉื™ื’ื” ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืžืฉ ื‘ืœื‘ ืžื ื”ื˜ืŸ,
05:38
on Fifth Avenue,
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ื‘ืฉื“ืจื” ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช,
05:40
despite American sanctions.
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืกื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื•ืช.
05:43
And Juicy Couture, home of of the velvet track suit,
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ื•"ื’'ื•ืกื™ ืงื•ื˜ื•ืจ", ื™ืฆืจื ื™ืช ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ืช ื”ืงื˜ื™ืคื”,
05:46
and other companies were the unwitting,
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ื•ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช, ืฉืœื ื™ื“ืขื• ืขืœ ื›ืš,
05:49
unknowing tenants there.
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ืฉื›ื ื• ื‘ื•.
05:52
There are just so many examples,
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ื™ืฉ ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช,
05:54
the horesemeat scandal in Europe,
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ืฉืขืจื•ืจื™ื™ืช ื‘ืฉืจ ื”ืกื•ืก ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื”,
05:56
the Italian mafia, they've used these companies
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ื”ืžืืคื™ื” ื”ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช ืžืฉืชืžืฉืช ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืืœื”
05:59
for decades.
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ื›ื‘ืจ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื.
06:01
The $100 million American Medicare fraud,
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ื”ื•ื ืืช 100 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื“ื•ืœืจ ืฉืœ "ืืžืจื™ืงืŸ ืžื“ื™ืงื™ื™ืจ",
06:06
the supply of weapons to wars around the world
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ืืกืคืงืช ื ืฉืง ืœืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื
06:10
including those
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ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืœื”
06:11
in Eastern Europe in the early '90s.
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ืฉืœ ืžื–ืจื— ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-90.
06:14
Anonymous companies
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ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืืœืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช
06:15
have even come to light
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ื”ื•ืคื™ืขื• ืืคื™ืœื•
06:17
in the recent revolution in the Ukraine.
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ื‘ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื‘ืื•ืงืจืื™ื ื”.
06:21
But, for every case that we and others expose
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ืื‘ืœ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ืฉืื ื• ื•ืื—ืจื™ื ื—ืฉืคื ื•,
06:26
there are so many more that will remain hidden away
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ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉื™ื™ืฉืืจื• ื ืขืœืžื™ื
06:29
because of the current system.
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ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช.
06:31
And it's just a simple truth
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ื•ื–ื• ื”ืืžืช ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”:
06:33
that some of the people responsible for outrageous crimes,
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ืื—ื“ื™ื ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืื—ืจืื™ื™ื ืœืคืฉืขื™ื ืžื–ืขื–ืขื™ื,
06:38
for stealing from you and me
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ืœื’ื ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžื›ื ื•ืžืžื ื™
06:40
and millions of others,
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ื•ืžืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื,
06:42
they are remaining faceless
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ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ืฆืœ
06:43
and they are escaping accountability
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ื—ื•ืžืงื™ื ืžื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ืžืขืฉื™ื”ื
06:46
and they're doing this with ease,
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ื•ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช ื‘ืงืœื•ืช,
06:48
and they're doing it using legal structures.
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ื•ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช ืชื•ืš ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ืžื‘ื ื™ื ื—ื•ืงื™ื™ื.
06:51
And really, that is unfair.
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ื•ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืืžืช, ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื•ื’ืŸ.
06:56
Well, you might well ask,
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ืื•ืœื™ ืชืฉืืœื•,
06:58
what exactly is an anonymous company,
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"ืžื”ื™ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื—ื‘ืจื” ืืœืžื•ื ื™ืช,
07:01
and can I really set one up, and use it,
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"ื•ื”ืื ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืงื™ื ื›ื–ื• ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”,
07:04
without anyone knowing who I am?
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"ืžื‘ืœื™ ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื™ื™ื“ืข ืžื™ ืื ื™?"
07:06
Well, the answer is, yes you can.
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ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื: "ื›ืŸ. ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื."
07:08
But if you're anything like me,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืืชื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœื™,
07:10
you'll want to see some of that for yourself,
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ืชืจืฆื• ืœืจืื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ืžื•-ืขื™ื ื™ื›ื,
07:12
so let me show you.
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ืื– ื”ื‘ื” ื•ืืจืื” ืœื›ื.
07:14
Well first you need to work out
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ืจืืฉื™ืช ืขืœื™ื›ื ืœืชื›ื ืŸ
07:15
where you want to set it up.
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ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื›ื ืœื”ืงื™ื ืื•ืชื”.
07:17
Now, at this point you might be imagining
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ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื–ื” ืื•ืœื™ ืืชื ืžื“ืžื™ื™ื ื™ื
07:19
one of those lovely tropical island tax havens
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ืžืงืœื˜-ืžืก ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืื™ ื˜ืจื•ืคื™ ื ื—ืžื“,
07:22
but here's the thing,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื,
07:24
shockingly,
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ืฉืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ื”ืœื,
07:26
my own hometown, London,
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ืขื™ืจ ืžื•ืœื“ืชื™, ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ,
07:28
and indeed the U.K.,
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ื›ื•ืœื”,
07:29
is one of the best places in the world
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ื”ื™ื ืื—ื“ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื
07:32
to set up an anonymous company.
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ืœื”ืงื™ื ื‘ื• ื—ื‘ืจื” ืืœืžื•ื ื™ืช.
07:35
And the other, even better,
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ื•ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ืฉื ื™, ืฉื”ื•ื ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘,
07:38
I'm afraid that's America.
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจื™ืงื”, ื—ื•ืฉืฉืชื ื™.
07:42
Do you know, in some states across America
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ื”ืื ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”,
07:44
you need less identification
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ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืืžืฆืขื™ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™
07:46
to open up a company
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืงื™ื ื—ื‘ืจื”
07:48
than you do to get a library card,
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ืžืืฉืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก-ื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื”,
07:51
like Delaware,
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ืœืžืฉืœ ื‘ื“ืœืื•ื•ืจ,
07:52
which is one of the easiest places
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ืฉื”ื™ื ืื—ื“ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื”ื›ื™ ืงืœ ื‘ื”ื
07:54
in the world to set up an anonymous company.
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ืœื”ืงื™ื ื—ื‘ืจื” ืืœืžื•ื ื™ืช.
07:58
Okay, so let's say it's America,
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ืื– ื ื ื™ื— ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”,
08:00
and let's say it's Delaware,
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ื•ื‘ื“ืœืื•ื•ืจ.
08:02
and now you can simply go online
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
08:04
and find yourself a company service provider.
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ื•ืœืžืฆื•ื ืœืขืฆืžื›ื ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืกืคืง ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช.
08:07
These are the companies that can set your one up for you,
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ืืœื” ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืงื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื ื—ื‘ืจื” ื›ื–ืืช,
08:10
and remember, it's all legal, routine business practice.
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ื•ื–ื™ื›ืจื• ืฉื”ื›ืœ ื—ื•ืงื™, ื ื•ื”ืœ ืขื™ืกืงื™ ืฉื’ืจืชื™.
08:14
So, here's one,
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ื”ื ื” ืื—ืช ื›ื–ืืช,
08:16
but there are plenty of others to choose from.
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ืื‘ืœ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืžืชื•ืš ืจื‘ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช.
08:19
And having made your choice,
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ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื‘ื—ืจืชื,
08:20
you then pick what type of company you want
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ืืชื ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืื™ื–ื• ืžื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื” ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื
08:23
and then fill in a contact, name and address.
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ื•ืื– ืžืžืœืื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ ืงืฉืจ, ืฉื ื•ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช.
08:26
But don't worry,
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ืื‘ืœ ืืœ ืชื“ืื’ื•,
08:27
it doesn't have to be your name.
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ื–ื” ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื›ื.
08:29
It can be your lawyer's
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ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืจืš ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื›ื
08:30
or your service provider's,
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ืื• ืฉืœ ืกืคืง ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช,
08:32
and it's not for the public record anyway.
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ื•ื–ื• ืžืžื™ืœื ืœื ืจืฉื•ืžื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช.
08:36
And then you add the owner of the company.
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ื›ืขืช ืืชื ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืืช ืฉื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”.
08:39
Now this is the key part,
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™,
08:41
and again it doesn't have to be you,
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ืื‘ืœ ืฉื•ื‘, ื–ื” ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื›ื,
08:42
because you can get creative,
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ื›ื™ ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื™ื,
08:45
because there is a whole universe out there of nominees
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ืฉื”ืจื™ ื™ืฉ ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœื ืฉืœ ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื
08:48
to choose from.
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ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื.
08:50
And nominees are the people that you
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ื•ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ื”ื ืื ืฉื™ื
08:52
can legally pay to be your company's owner.
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ืฉืืชื ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืœื”ื ื›ื—ื•ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœื›ื.
08:57
And if you don't want to involve anyone else,
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ื•ืื ืื™ื ื›ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืื“ื ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืขืกืง,
08:59
it doesn't even have to be an actual human being.
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ื–ื” ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื“ื ืืžื™ืชื™.
09:02
It could be another company.
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ื–ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจื” ืื—ืจืช.
09:05
And then finally,
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ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ,
09:06
give your company a name
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ืชื ื• ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœื›ื ืฉื
09:08
add a few more details and make your payment.
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ื•ืขื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื•ื‘ืฆืขื• ืืช ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื.
09:11
And then the service provider
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ืœืกืคืง ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืชื™ื“ืจืฉื ื”
09:12
will take a few hours or more to process it.
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ื›ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื‘ื“ ืืช ื–ื”,
09:15
But there you are,
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื›ืœ.
09:16
in 10 minutes of online shopping
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ืชื•ืš 10 ื“ืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงื ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ื•ื ื•ืช
09:19
you can create yourself an anonymous company.
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืœืขืฆืžื›ื ื—ื‘ืจื” ืืœืžื•ื ื™ืช.
09:23
And not only is it easy,
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื ืกืชื ืงืœ;
09:24
really, really easy and cheap,
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ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ืžืžืฉ ืงืœ ื•ื’ื ื–ื•ืœ,
09:27
it's totally legal too.
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ื–ื” ื’ื ื—ื•ืงื™ ืœื’ืžืจื™.
09:29
But the fun doesn't have to end there,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื›ื™ืฃ ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ืกืชื™ื™ื ื›ืืŸ.
09:33
maybe you want to be even more anonymous.
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ืื•ืœื™ ืชืจืฆื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืœืžื•ื ื™ื™ื.
09:36
Well, that's no problem either.
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ื’ื ื–ื• ืื™ื ื” ื‘ืขื™ื”.
09:38
You can simply keep adding layers,
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ืืชื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืขื•ื“ ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช,
09:40
companies owned by companies.
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ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช.
09:43
You can have hundreds of layers
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืžืื•ืช ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช
09:44
with hundreds of companies spread across
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ืฉืœ ืžืื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืžืคื•ื–ืจื•ืช
09:46
lots of different countries,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืืจืฆื•ืช,
09:49
like a giant web,
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ื›ืžื• ืจืฉืช ืขื ืงื™ืช,
09:50
each layer adds anonymity.
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ื‘ื” ื›ืœ ืฉื›ื‘ื” ืžื•ืกื™ืคื” ืืœืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช.
09:52
Each layer makes it more difficult
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ื•ื›ืœ ืฉื›ื‘ื” ืžืงืฉื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
09:54
for law enforcement and others
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ืขืœ ืื•ื›ืคื™ ื”ื—ื•ืง ื•ืื—ืจื™ื
09:56
to find out who the real owner is.
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ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื.
10:00
But whose interests is this all serving?
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ื•ืืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืก ืฉืœ ืžื™ ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืžืฉืจืช?
10:04
It might be in the interests of the company
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ื–ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืก ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”
10:06
or a particular individual,
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ืื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ืžืกื•ื™ื,
10:07
but what about all of us, the public?
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืขื ื›ื•ืœื ื•, ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ?
10:10
There hasn't even been a global conversation yet
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ื˜ืจื ื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™
10:13
about whether it's okay
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ื‘ืฉืืœื” ื”ืื ื–ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ
10:14
to misuse companies in this way.
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ืœื ืฆืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœืจืขื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ื–ื”.
10:17
And what does it all mean for us?
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ื•ืžื” ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื›ื•ืœื ื•?
10:21
Well, an example that really haunts me
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ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœืžื” ืฉื‘ืืžืช ืžืคื—ื™ื“ ืื•ืชื™
10:24
is one I came across recently.
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ื”ื™ื ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื‘ื• ื ืชืงืœืชื™ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”:
10:26
And it's that of a horrific fire
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ื”ืฉืจื™ืคื” ื”ืื™ื•ืžื”
10:28
in a nightclub in Buenos Aires
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ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ื•ืŸ-ืœื™ืœื” ื‘ื‘ื•ืื ื•ืก ืื™ื™ืจืก
10:30
about a decade ago.
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ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ื.
10:33
It was the night before New Year's Eve.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขืจื‘ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”.
10:35
Three thousand very happy revelers,
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ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ืืœืคื™ื ื—ื•ื’ื’ื™ื ืฉืžื—ื™ื,
10:37
many of them teenagers,
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ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื ื‘ื ื™-ื ื•ืขืจ,
10:38
were crammed into a space meant for 1,000.
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ืฉื”ืฆื˜ื•ืคืคื• ื‘ื—ืœืœ ืฉื ื•ืขื“ ืœื”ื›ื™ืœ ืืœืฃ.
10:41
And then tragedy struck,
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ื•ืื– ื”ื™ื›ื” ื”ืืกื•ืŸ,
10:43
a fire broke out
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ืคืจืฆื” ืืฉ
10:44
plastic decorations were melting from the ceiling
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ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ื™ ื”ื ื™ื™ืœื•ืŸ ื ืžืกื• ื•ื ืคืœื• ืžืŸ ื”ืชืงืจื”
10:46
and toxic smoke filled the club.
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ื•ืขืฉืŸ ืจืขื™ืœ ืžื™ืœื ืืช ื”ืžื•ืขื“ื•ืŸ.
10:48
So people tried to escape
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ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื ื™ืกื• ืœื‘ืจื•ื—
10:50
only to find that some of the fire doors
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ื•ืื– ื’ื™ืœื• ืฉื—ืœืง ืžื™ืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ืจื•ื
10:53
had been chained shut.
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ื ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืฉืจืฉืจืื•ืช.
10:57
Over 200 people died.
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ื ื”ืจื’ื• ืžืขืœ 200 ืื™ืฉ,
10:59
Seven hundred were injured trying to get out.
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700 ื ืคืฆืขื• ื‘ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ืจื•ื—.
11:03
And as the victims' families and the city and the country
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ื•ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื”ืงื•ืจื‘ื ื•ืช, ื”ืขื™ืจ ื•ื”ืžื—ื•ื–
11:06
reeled in shock,
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ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืœื,
11:08
investigators tried to find out who was responsible.
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ื ื™ืกื• ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžื™ื”ื• ื”ืื—ืจืื™.
11:11
And as they looked for the owners of the club,
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ื•ื›ืฉื—ื™ืคืฉื• ืื—ืจ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ื•ืŸ,
11:14
they found instead anonymous companies,
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ื”ื ืžืฆืื• ืจืง ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืืœืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช,
11:18
and confusion surrounded the identities of those
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ื•ื‘ืœื‘ื•ืœ ืฉืื•ืคืฃ ืืช ื–ื”ื•ื™ื•ืช
11:20
involved with the companies.
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ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช.
11:22
Now ultimately, a range of people were charged
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ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ื”ื•ื’ืฉื• ื›ืชื‘ื™ ืื™ืฉื•ื ื ื’ื“ ืžืกืคืจ ืื ืฉื™ื,
11:25
and some went to jail.
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ื•ื—ืœืงื ื ื›ื ืก ืœื›ืœื.
11:27
But this was an awful tragedy,
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื˜ืจื’ื“ื™ื” ื ื•ืจืื”,
11:29
and it shouldn't have been so difficult
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ื•ืœื ืืžื•ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงืฉื™ื™ื ื›ืืœื”
11:31
just to try and find out who was responsible
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ื‘ืื™ืชื•ืจ ืžื™ ืฉืื—ืจืื™
11:35
for those deaths.
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ืœืžื™ืชื•ืช ื”ื”ืŸ.
11:38
Because in an age
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ื›ื™ ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ
11:39
when there is so much information
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ืฉื‘ื• ื™ืฉ ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื™ื“ืข
11:42
out there in the open,
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ื–ืžื™ืŸ ื•ื—ื•ืคืฉื™,
11:44
why should this crucial information
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ืžื“ื•ืข ืฉื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ ื”ื–ื”
11:45
about company ownership
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ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช
11:47
stay hidden away?
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ื™ื™ืฉืืจ ืžื•ืกืชืจ?
11:49
Why should tax evaders, corrupt government officials,
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ืžื“ื•ืข ืžืขืœื™ืžื™ ืžืก, ืคืงื™ื“ื™ ืžืžืฉืœ ืžื•ืฉื—ืชื™ื,
11:52
arms traders and more,
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ืกื•ื—ืจื™ ื ืฉืง ื•ืขื•ื“,
11:55
be able to hide their identities from us, the public?
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ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืกืชื™ืจ ืืช ื–ื”ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืžืื™ืชื ื•, ืžื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ?
11:59
Why should this secrecy be such an accepted business practice?
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ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ืกื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ื”ื–ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื ื”ื’ ืขื™ืกืงื™ ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ื›ืœ-ื›ืš?
12:04
Anonymous companies
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ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืืœืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช
12:06
might be the norm right now
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ื”ืŸ ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื ื•ืจืžื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•,
12:08
but it wasn't always this way.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ื” ื›ืš.
12:10
Companies were created
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ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื ื•ืฆืจ
12:12
to give people a chance to innovate
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกืคืง ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื—ื“ืฉ
12:14
and not have to put everything on the line.
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ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืกื›ืŸ ื”ื›ืœ.
12:18
Companies were created to limit financial risk,
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ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื ื•ืฆืจื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื›ืกืคื™,
12:21
they were never intended to be used as a moral shield.
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ื”ืŸ ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœืฉืžืฉ ื›ืžื’ืŸ ืžื•ืกืจื™.
12:26
Companies were never intended to be anonymous,
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ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืœืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช,
12:28
and they don't have to be.
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ื•ื”ืŸ ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืืœื”.
12:31
And so I come to my wish.
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ื•ื›ืืŸ ืื ื™ ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืืœ ื”ืžืฉืืœื” ืฉืœื™.
12:34
My wish is for us to know
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ืžืฉืืœืชื™ ื”ื™ื ืฉื ื“ืข
12:37
who owns and controls companies
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ืžื™ื”ื ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ื ื•ื”ืฉื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช
12:39
so that they can no longer be used anonymously
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื ื•ืฆืœื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืืœืžื•ื ื™
12:42
against the public good.
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ื ื’ื“ ื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ.
12:45
Together let's ignite world opinion,
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื•ื ืฆื™ืช ื™ื—ื“ ืืช ื“ืขืช ื”ืงื”ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช,
12:47
change the law,
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ื ืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืง,
12:49
and launch a new era of openness in business.
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ื•ื ื™ื™ืกื“ ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืคืชื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืขืกืงื™ื.
12:54
So what might this look like?
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ืื™ืš ื–ื” ื™ื™ืจืื”?
12:55
Well, imagine if you could go online
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ืชืืจื• ืœืขืฆืžื›ื ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
12:58
and look up the real owner of a company.
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ื•ืœื—ืคืฉ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช.
13:01
Imagine if this data were open and free,
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ืชืืจื• ืœืขืฆืžื›ื ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืคืชื•ื— ื•ื—ื•ืคืฉื™,
13:04
accessible across borders
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ื ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™
13:05
for citizens and businesses
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื•ืขืกืงื™ื
13:07
and law enforcement alike.
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ื•ื’ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืื›ื™ืคืช ื”ื—ื•ืง.
13:09
Imagine what a game changer that would be.
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ืชืืจื• ืœืขืฆืžื›ื ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืขืชื™ื“ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ืžืฉื—ืง.
13:13
So how are we going to do this?
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ืื– ืื™ืš ื ืขืฉื” ืืช ื–ื”?
13:16
Well, there is only one way.
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ื™ืฉ ืจืง ื“ืจืš ืื—ืช.
13:17
Together, we have to change the law globally
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ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™
13:21
to create public registries
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ื™-ืจื™ืฉื•ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื
13:23
which list the true owners of companies
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ืฉืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ื ืจืฉื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช
13:25
and can be accessed by all
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ื•ืฉืœื›ื•ืœื ื™ืฉ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืืœื™ื”ืŸ
13:27
with no loopholes.
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ืœืœื ืฉื•ื ืคืจืฆื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืง.
13:30
And yes, this is ambitious,
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ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื–ื” ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืืคืชื ื™,
13:33
but there is momentum on this issue,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื–ื” ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืชื ื•ืคื”,
13:36
and over the years I have seen
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ื•ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืขื“ื”
13:38
the sheer power of momentum,
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ืœื›ื•ื—ื” ื”ืขืฆื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ื•ืคื”,
13:40
and it's just starting on this issue.
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ื•ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื–ื” - ื–ื” ืจืง ืžืชื—ื™ืœ.
13:42
There is such an opportunity right now.
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ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื›ืจื’ืข ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ื ื”ื“ืจืช,
13:46
And the TED community
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ื•ืงื”ื™ืœืช TED,
13:48
of creative and innovative thinkers and doers
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ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื’ื™ื ื•ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื™ื
13:51
across all of society
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”
13:53
could make the crucial difference.
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ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื—ื•ืœืœ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืžื›ืจื™ืข ื”ื–ื”.
13:56
You really can make this change happen.
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ืืชื ื‘ืืžืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื–ื” ืœืงืจื•ืช.
14:00
Now, a simple starting point
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ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืชื—ืœื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”
14:02
is the address behind me
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ืฉืžืื—ื•ืจื™,
14:03
for a Facebook page that you can join now
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ืฉืœ ืขืžื•ื“ "ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง" ืฉืืœื™ื• ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืžื™ื“ ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ
14:06
to support the campaign and spread the word.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ืžืืžืฅ ื•ืœื”ืคื™ืฅ ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉื•ืจื”.
14:09
It's going to be a springboard
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ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืงืจืฉ-ืงืคื™ืฆื”
14:10
for our global campaigning.
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืกืข ื”ืชืขืžื•ืœื” ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ืฉืœื ื•.
14:12
And the techies among you,
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ื•ืœืื ืฉื™ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉื‘ื™ื ื™ื›ื,
14:13
you could really help us create a prototype
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก
14:17
public registry
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ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ืจื™ืฉื•ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™,
14:18
to demonstrate what a powerful tool this could be.
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ืฉื™ืžื—ื™ืฉ ืื™ื–ื” ื›ืœื™ ื—ื–ืง ื–ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช.
14:23
Campaign groups from around the world
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ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืชืขืžื•ืœื” ืžื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื
14:26
have come together to work on this issue.
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ื—ื‘ืจื• ื™ื—ื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื–ืืช.
14:31
The U.K. government is already on board;
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ืžืžืฉืœืช ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื”:
14:34
it supports these public registries.
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ื”ื™ื ืชื•ืžื›ืช ื‘ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
14:36
And just last week,
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ื•ืžืžืฉ ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืฉืขื‘ืจ,
14:38
the European Parliament came on board
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ื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ื”ืคืจืœืžื ื˜ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™
14:41
with a vote 600 to 30 in favor of public registries.
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ื‘ื”ืฆื‘ืขื” ืฉืœ 600 ื ื’ื“ 30 ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื.
14:46
That is momentum.
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ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื ืชื ื•ืคื”.
14:48
(Applause)
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[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
14:53
But it's early days.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ืืช ืจืง ื”ื”ืชื—ืœื”.
14:56
America still needs to come on board,
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ืืžืจื™ืงื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ,
14:58
as do so many other countries.
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ื•ื›ืš ื’ื ืืจืฆื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช.
15:02
And to succeed we will all together
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ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆืœื™ื—, ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื‘ื™ื—ื“
15:05
need to help and push our politicians,
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ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื“ื—ื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ืฉืœื ื•,
15:07
because without that,
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ื›ื™ ื‘ืœื™ ื–ื”,
15:09
real far-reaching, world-shifting change
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ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืืžื™ืชื™, ืžืจื—ื™ืง-ืœื›ืช ื•ืžืฉื ื” ืกื“ืจื™-ืขื•ืœื
15:11
just isn't going to happen.
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ื™ืงืจื”.
15:14
Because this isn't just about changing the law,
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ื›ื™ ืœื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืจืง ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื—ื•ืง,
15:16
this is about starting a conversation
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ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื” ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื•ืŸ
15:18
about what it's okay for companies to do,
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ื‘ืฉืืœื” ืื ื–ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ ืฉื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื™ื ื”ื’ื• ื›ืš,
15:21
and in what ways is it acceptable to use company structures.
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ื•ืžื”ืŸ ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื”ืงื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ืœื ืฆืœ ืืช ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”.
15:26
This isn't just a dry policy issue.
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ื–ื• ืื™ื ื ื” ืกืชื ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช-ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื™ื‘ืฉื”.
15:29
This is a human issue
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ื–ืืช ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช
15:30
which affects us all.
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ืฉืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื›ื•ืœื ื•.
15:33
This is about being on the right side of history.
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ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”.
15:39
Global citizens, innovators, business leaders, individuals,
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ืื–ืจื—ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืžื—ื“ืฉื™ื, ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ืขื™ืกืงื™ื™ื, ื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื:
15:45
we need you.
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ืื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื›ื.
15:47
Together, let's kickstart this global movement.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืชื ื™ืข ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืืช ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ื”ื–ืืช.
15:50
Let's just do it,
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ื‘ื•ืื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื ืขืฉื” ื–ืืช,
15:51
let's end anonymous companies.
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ื ืฉื™ื ืงืฅ ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืืœืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช.
15:55
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
15:57
(Applause)
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[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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