Powerful visual illusions | Al Seckel

Prevodilac: Tereza Ivanovic Lektor: Tijana Mihajlović

We're going to talk -- my -- a new lecture, just

Evo moje nove lekcije samo za TED.

for TED -- and I'm going show you some illusions

Pokazaću vam neke iluzije koje smo spremili za TED

that we've created for TED, and I'm going to try

i pokušaću da to povežem sa srećom.

to relate this to happiness. What I was thinking

Ono što podrazumevam pod srećom

about with happiness is, what gives happiness --

je ono što nas izaziva sreću,

or happiness, which I equate with joy in my

ili je to sreća koju izjednačavam sa radošću

particular area, and I think there's something very

u svom specifičnom polju,

a mislim da tu postoji nešto osnovno

fundamental. And I was thinking about this. And

i o tome sam razmišljao.

it's in terms of both illusions and movies that we

To se odnosi na iluzije, filmove koje idemo da gledamo,

go see and jokes and magic shows is that there's

šale i mađioničarske predstave.

Postoji nešto u vezi njih,

something about these things where our

gde su naša očekivanja narušena,

expectations are violated in some sort of pleasing

ali na prijatan način.

way. You go see a movie. And it has an unexpected

Odete da odgledate film

i javi se neočekivan preokret, nešto što niste očekivali

twist -- something that you didn't expect -- and

you find a joyful experience. You look at those

i doživljavate prijatno iskustvo.

Posmatrate neke iluzije u mojoj knjizi,

sort of illusions in my book and it's not as what

a one nisu onakve kakve ste očekivali

you'd expect. And there's something joyful about

i nešto je radosno u vezi sa tim.

it. And it's the same thing with jokes and all

Tako je i sa vicevima i sličnim stvarima.

these sorts of things. So, what I'm going to try

U ovom predavanju nameravam da odem malo dalje

and do in my lecture is go a little bit further

and see if I can violate your expectations in a

i da vidim da li mogu narušiti vaša očekivanja na prijatan način.

pleasing way. I mean, sometimes expectations that

Nekada narušavanje očekivanja nije takvo,

are violated are not pleasant, but I'm going to try

ali ja ću se potruditi da to bude prijatno, jednostavno,

to do it in a pleasant way, in a very primal way,

so I can make the audience here happy.

da bih usrećio publiku ovde.

So I'm going to show you some ways that we can

Pokazaću vam nekoliko načina na koje se očekivanja mogu narušiti.

violate your expectations. First of all, I want to

show you the particular illusion here. I want you

Prvo ću vam pokazati jednu posebnu iluziju.

first of all when it pops up on the screen to

Želim da, kao prvo, kada se ovo pojavi na ekranu,

notice that the two holes are perpendicular to

uočite da su dva otvora u normalnom položaju, pod 90 stepeni.

each other. These are all perceptual tricks. These

Ovo su sve perceptivne iluzije.

are real objects that I'm going to show you. Now

Ovo su stvarni predmeti koje ću vam pokazati.

I'm going to show you how it is done. I've looped

Pokazaću vam sada kako je to urađeno.

Vratio sam malo film da biste doživeli jedno zanimljivo iskustvo.

the film here so you can get a very interesting

experience. I want you to see how this illusion is

Želim da vidite kako je stvorena ova iluzija,

constructed, and it's going to rotate so you see

a ona će se okretati i videćete njenu unutrašnjost.

that it's inside out. Now watch, as it rotates

Pazite sad, dok se ona rotira unatrag,

back, how quickly your perception snaps. OK now.

kako se vaša percepcija brzo menja.

U redu, a sada posmatrajte kako se rotira natrag.

Watch it as it rotates back again. And this is a very

A vi ste bistra publika, zar ne?

bright audience, all right? See if you can stop it

Probajte da zaustavite ovo dešavanje.

from happening, even though you know 100 percent it's

Premda znate da je sto posto tačno,

true that -- bam! You can't undo it. What does

bam - ne možete sprečiti da se desi.

that tell you about yourselves? We're going to do

Šta vam to govori o vama?

Uradićemo to opet. Nema sumnje.

it again. No doubt about it. See if you can stop

Da li možete to zaustaviti?

it from happening. No. It's difficult.

Ne. Teško je.

And we can violate your expectations in a whole

Možemo narušiti vaša očekivanja na različite načine,

variety of ways about representation, about shape,

u vezi sa predstavljanjem, oblicima, bojama, a to je iskonsko.

about color and so forth and it's very primal. And

it's an interesting question to ponder, why these

Zanimljivo je razmotriti to pitanje,

zašto nas ovo čini radosnim.

things -- we find these things joyful. Why would

we find them joyful? So, here's something that

Zašto bi nam to donosilo radost?

Evo nečeg što je Lajonel uradio pre izvesnog vremena.

Lionel did a while ago. I like these sort of

Volim ovakve sitnice.

little things like this.

Again, this is not an optical trick. This is what

Ponavljam, ovo nije optička varka. Ovo je ono što biste videli.

you would see. In other words, it's not a camera

Drugim rečima, nije trik sa kamerom.

cut. It's a perceptual trick.

To je perceptivni trik.

OK. We can violate your expectations about

Dobro, narušićemo vam sad očekivanja u vezi oblika.

shape.

We can violate your expectations on representation

Možemo narušiti vaša očekivanja o prikazu,

-- what an image represents. What do you see here?

o tome šta slika predstavlja.

Šta vidite ovde?

How many of you here see dolphins? Raise your hand

Koliko vas vidi delfine ovde?

if you see dolphins. OK, those people who raised

Podignite ruke ako vidite delfine.

Neka ostatak publike razgovara sa onima koji su podigli ruke kasnije, važi?

their hands, afterwards, the rest of the audience,

go talk to them, all right? Actually, this is the

U stvari, ovo je najbolji primer

best example of priming by experience that I know.

uticaja osnovnog iskustva koji poznajem.

If you are a child under the age of 10 who

Ako ste dete ispod deset godina, još neiskvareno,

haven't been ruined yet, you will look at this

pogledali biste ovu sliku i videli delfine.

image and see dolphins. Now, some of you adults

Neki odrasli ovde govore: "Kakvi delfini? Kakvi delfini?"

here are saying, "What dolphins? What dolphins?"

But in fact, if you reversed the figure ground --

U stvari, ako obrnete osnovu slike,

in other words, the dark areas here -- I forgot to

to jest ako posmatrate tamna polja ovde,

zaboravio sam da tražim pokazivač,

ask for a pointer -- but if you reverse it, you'll

ali ako obrnete, videćete mnogo malih delfina.

see a whole series of little dolphins. By the way,

if you're also a student at CalTech -- they also

Uzgred, i studenti na Kalteku vide samo delfine.

tend to just see the dolphins. It's based on

To se zasniva na iskustvu.

experience.

Now, something like this can be used because this

Ovako nešto može da se koristi,

is after all talk about design, too. This was

jer je i ovde, na kraju krajeva, reč o dizajnu.

done by Saatchi and Saatchi, and they actually got

Ovo je uradio Sači i Sači, a zapravo im je ovo prošlo u Australiji.

away with this ad in Australia. So, if you look at

this ad for beer, all those people are in sort of

Ako pogledate ovu reklamu za pivo,

svi ovi ljudi su u nekom izazovnom položaju.

provocative positions. But they got it passed, and

Međutim, dobili su prolaz

actually won the Clio awards, so it's funny how you can do

i čak su dobili Klijovu nagradu.

Dakle, interesantno je šta se sve može sa ovim stvarima.

these things.

Remember that sort of, um. This is the joke I did

Sećate se onoga...

Ovako sam se našalio tokom glasanja na Floridi.

when the Florida ballot was going around. You

know, count the dots for Gore; count the dots for

Prebrojte tačkice za Gora, za Buša,

Bush; count 'em again ...

hajde sad ponovo...

You can violate your expectations about

Možete narušiti očekivanja o iskustvu.

experience. Here is an outside water fountain that

Evo jedne spoljašnje fontane

I created with some friends of mine, but you can

koju sam napravio sa prijateljima,

stop the water in drops and -- actually make all

ali možete zaustaviti vodu i kapi

i učiniti da sve kapljice lebde.

the drops levitate. This is something we're

Ovo izrađujemo za zabavne parkove i tome slično.

building for, you know, amusement parks and that

kind of stuff.

Now let's take a static image. Can you see this?

Da vidimo sad ovu statičnu sliku.

Vidite ovo?

Do you see the middle section moving down and the

Da li vidite da se sredina spušta, a bočne strane se podižu?

outer sections moving up? It's completely static.

Potpuno je statična.

It's a static image. How many people see this

Statična slika.

Koliko ljudi vidi ovu iluziju?

illusion? It's completely static.

A potpuno je statična.

Right. Now, when -- it's interesting that when we

Zanimljivo je da, kada gledamo sliku,

look at an image we see, you know, color, depth,

vidimo boju, dubinu, teksturu.

texture. And you can look at this whole scene and

Možete da pogledate i analizirate ovu scenu.

analyze it. You can see the woman is in closer than

Vidi se da je žena bliža od zida itd.

the wall and so forth. But the whole thing is

Međutim, sve je u ravni.

actually flat. It's painted. It's trompe l'oeil.

Naslikano je. To je iluzionističko slikarstvo.

And it was such a good trompe l'oeil that people

To je tako dobra obmana

got irritated when they tried to talk to the

da su se ljudi čak i ljutili kad bi pokušali da pričaju sa ženom,

woman and she wouldn't respond.

a ona ne bi odgovarala.

Now, you can make design mistakes. Like this

Možete napraviti i greške u dizajniranju, kao što je ova zgrada u Njujorku.

building in New York. So that when you see it from

Ako je pogledate sa ove strane

this side, it looks like the balconies tilt up,

balkoni izgledaju nagnuti na gore,

and when you walk around to the other side it

ali ako odete do druge strane,

looks like the balconies go down. So there are

kao da su pognuti na dole.

Postoje, dakle, greške u dizajniranju

cases where you have mistakes in design that

incorporate illusions.

i uključuju iliziju.

Or, you take this particular un-retouched

Uzmimo ovu neobrađenu fotografiju.

photograph. Now, interestingly enough, I get a lot

Znate, interesantno je da dobijam mnogo imejlova od ljudi

of emails from people who say, "Is there any

u kojima me pitaju: "Da li ima razlike u percepciji

perceptual difference between males and females?"

između muškaraca i žena?"

And I really say, "No." I mean, women can navigate

Stvarno kažem: "Ne."

Žene se snalaze po svetu isto kao i muškarci, a zašto i ne bi?

through the world just as well as males can -- and

why wouldn't they? However, this is the one

Ipak, ovo je zapravo jedna iluzija

illusion that women can consistently do better

u kojoj su žene konstantno bolje od muškaraca

than males: in matching which head because they

u uklapanju koja glava pripada kome,

rely on fashion cues. They can match the hat.

jer se oslanjaju na modne zaključke; uklopile su šešir.

Okay, now getting to a part -- I want to show

Stigli smo do dela kada ću vam pokazati

design in illusions. I believe that the first

dizajniranje u iluzijama.

Verujem da je prvi primer iluzije

example of illusions being used purposely was by

namerno iskoristio da Vinči

da Vinci in this anamorphic image of an eye. So

u ovoj anamorfnoj slici oka.

Kada gledate iz jednog malog ugla, izgleda ovako.

that when you saw from one little angle was like

this. And this little technique got popular in the

Ova tehnika je postala popularna u 16. i 17. veku

16th century and the 17th century to disguise

hidden meanings, where you could flip the image and

da bi se prikrila skrivena značenja,

gde ste mogli okrenuti sliku

see it from one little point of view like this.

i iz nekog ugla je videti ovako.

But these are early incorporations of illusions

Ovo su rani počeci uključivanja iluzija,

brought to -- sort of high point with Hans

koji su dostigli neki nivo

Holbein's "Ambassadors." And Hans Holbein worked

kod Hans Holbajnovih "Ambasadora".

Hans Holbajn je radio za Henrija VIII.

for Henry VIII. This was hung on a wall where you

Ovo je visilo na zidu,

could walk down from the stair and you can see

a kad se silazi stepenicama, vidi se skrivena lobanja.

this hidden skull.

All right, now I'm going to show you some

Sada ću vam pokazati dizajnere

designers who work with illusions to give that

koji se bave iluzijom da bi proizveli efekat iznenađenja.

element of surprise. One of my favorites is Scott

Jedan od mojih omiljenih je Skot Kim.

Kim. I worked with Scott to create some illusions

Radio sam sa njim na stvaranju iluzija za TED

for TED that I hope you will enjoy. We have one

u kojima ćete, nadam se, uživati.

Evo jedne o TED-u i sreći.

here on TED and happiness.

OK now. Arthur [Ganson] hasn't talked yet, but his is

Artur Ganson još nije govorio, ali imaće divan govor,

going to be a delightful talk and he has some of

a ima i neke zaista fantastične mašine.

his really fantastic machines outside. And so, we

-- Scott created this wonderful tribute to Arthur

Skot je stvorio ovo divno priznanje Arturu Gansonu.

Ganson.

Well, there's analog and digital. Thought that

Evo "analognog" i "digitalnog".

was appropriate here.

Mislio sam da će to biti prikladno ovde.

And figure goes to ground.

"Oblik" prelazi u "tlo".

And for the musicians.

Ovo je za muzičare.

And of course, since happiness -- we want "joy to the

Naravno, pošto je "sreća"...

želimo "sreću svetu".

world."

Now, another great designer -- he's very well

Još jedan sjajan dizajner,

veoma poznat u Japanu - Šigeo Fukuda.

known in Japan -- Shigeo Fukuda. And he just

On je napravio sjajne stvari.

builds some fantastic things. This is simply

Ovo je jednostavno neverovatno.

amazing. This is a pile of junk that when you view

Ovo je gomila otpada

it from one particular angle, you see its

koja, kada je gledate iz posebnog ugla,

reflection in the mirror as a perfect piano.

vidite njen odsjaj u ogledalu kao savršen klavir.

Pianist transforms to violinist.

Pijanista...

se pretvara u violinistu.

This is really wild. This assemblage of forks,

Ovo je stvarno ludo.

Skup viljuški, kašika, noževa i raznoraznog pribora, zavaren.

knives and spoons and various cutlery, welded

together. It gives a shadow of a motorcycle. You learn

Daje senku motora.

U poslu koji radim naučite

something in the sort of thing that I do, which

is there are people out there with a lot of time

da ima mnogo ljudi koji imaju puno vremena.

on their hands.

Ken Knowlton does wonderful composite images, like

Ken Nolton stvara divne kompozicije,

kao što je Žak Kusto od školjki -

creating Jacques Cousteau out of seashells --

un-retouched seashells, but just by rearranging

neobrađenih školjki, samo njihovim razmeštajem.

them. He did Einstein out of dice because, after

Uradio je Ajnštajna od kocki, jer, na kraju krajeva,

all, Einstein said, "God does not play dice with

Ajnštajn je rekao: "Bog se ne kocka sa univerzumom."

the universe." Bert Herzog out of un-retouched

Bert Hercog od neprerađene tastature,

keyboards. Will Shortz, crossword puzzle. John

Vil Šorc - ukrštene reči.

Cederquist does these wonderful trompe l'oeil

Džon Siderkvist pravi ove divne iluzionističke ormane.

cabinets.

Now, I'm going to skip ahead since I'm sort of running

Sada ću malo da preskočim jer mi ističe vreme.

[behind]. I want to show you quickly what I've

Želim brzo da vam pokažem šta sam napravio,

created, some new type of illusions. I've done

neke nove tipove iluzija.

something with taking the Pixar-type illusions. So

Uradio sam nešto tako što sam uzeo iluzije tipa Piksara.

you see these kids the same size here, running

Vidite ovu decu; ona su iste veličine ovde,

down the hall. The two table tops of the same size.

trče niz hodnik.

Ploče ova dva stola su iste veličine.

They're looking out two directions at once. You

Ona gledaju u dva pravca istovremeno.

have a larger piece fitting in with a smaller. And

Ovde se veći komad uklapa u manji.

that's something for you to think about, all

Eto nečega za razmišljanje, važi?

right? So you see larger pieces fitting in within

Vidite veće komade kako se uklapaju u manje.

smaller pieces here. Does everyone see that? Which

Da li svi vide to?

is impossible. You can see the two kids are

Što je nemoguće.

Videte da dvoje dece istovremeno gledaju u dva različita pravca.

looking out simultaneously out of two different

directions at once. Now can you believe these two

Da li sad verujete da su dve ploče iste veličine i oblika?

table tops are the same size and shape? They are.

Jesu. Kad biste ih izmerili, bile bi iste.

So, if you measured them, they would be. And as I say,

Kao što rekoh, ove dve figure su iste veličine i oblika.

those two figures are identical in size and shape.

And it's interesting, by doing this in this sort

Zanimljivo je koliko su, prikazane ovako izražajno,

of rendered fashion, how much stronger the

iluzije moćnije.

illusions are. Any case, I hope this has brought

U svakom slučaju, nadam se da vam je ovo donelo malo radosti i sreće,

you a little joy and happiness, and if you're

interested in seeing more cool effects, see me

a ako vas zanima da vidite još zanimljivih efekata,

outside. I'd be happy to show you lots of things.

priđite mi napolju; biće mi drago da vam pokažem puno stvari.