Powerful visual illusions | Al Seckel

Prevoditelj: Senzos Osijek Recezent: Tilen Pigac - EFZG

We're going to talk -- my -- a new lecture, just

Pričat ćemo o mom novom predavanju, samo

for TED -- and I'm going show you some illusions

za TED -- i ja ću vam pokazati neke iluzije

that we've created for TED, and I'm going to try

koje smo kreirali za TED i pokušat ću ih

to relate this to happiness. What I was thinking

povezati sa srećom. Što sam mislio

about with happiness is, what gives happiness --

pod tim „sa srećom“ jest, pružiti sreću --

or happiness, which I equate with joy in my

ili sreća, koju izjednačavam s radošću u svom

particular area, and I think there's something very

specifičnom području i mislim da je tu nešto vrlo

fundamental. And I was thinking about this. And

fundamentalno. Razmišljao sam o ovome. To

it's in terms of both illusions and movies that we

u smislu i za iluzije i filmove koje

go see and jokes and magic shows is that there's

idemo gledati, viceve, magičarske predstave jest da postoji

something about these things where our

nešto oko tih stvari gdje su nam

expectations are violated in some sort of pleasing

očekivanja narušena na neki zadovoljavajući

way. You go see a movie. And it has an unexpected

način. Odete pogledati film. I on ima neočekivani

twist -- something that you didn't expect -- and

obrat -- nešto što niste očekivali -- i

you find a joyful experience. You look at those

vama je to divno iskustvo. Gledate takve

sort of illusions in my book and it's not as what

vrste luzija u mojoj knjizi i to nije nešto što

you'd expect. And there's something joyful about

biste očekivali. I nešto je zadovoljavajuće u

it. And it's the same thing with jokes and all

tome. Ista je stvar i s vicevima i svim

these sorts of things. So, what I'm going to try

drugim sličnim stvarima. Dakle, ono što ću pokušati

and do in my lecture is go a little bit further

napraviti i što radim na svom predavanju jest otići malo dalje

and see if I can violate your expectations in a

i vidjeti mogu li narušiti vaša očekivanja na

pleasing way. I mean, sometimes expectations that

zadovoljavajući način. Mislim, ponekad narušena

are violated are not pleasant, but I'm going to try

očekivanja nisu ugodna, ali ja ću to pokušati

to do it in a pleasant way, in a very primal way,

napraviti na ugodan način, na vrlo jednostavan način

so I can make the audience here happy.

kako bih usrećio publiku koja je ovdje.

So I'm going to show you some ways that we can

Sada ću vam pokazati neke načine na koje mogu

violate your expectations. First of all, I want to

narušiti vaša očekivanja. Prije svega, želim

show you the particular illusion here. I want you

vam pokazati određenu iluziju ovdje. Želim da vi,

first of all when it pops up on the screen to

prije svega, kada se pojavi na ekranu,

notice that the two holes are perpendicular to

primijetite da su dvije rupe okomite

each other. These are all perceptual tricks. These

jedna na drugu. Sve su ovo trikovi percepcije. Ovo

are real objects that I'm going to show you. Now

su stvarni objekti koje ću vam pokazati. Sada

I'm going to show you how it is done. I've looped

ću vam pokazati kako se to radi. Zaustavio sam

the film here so you can get a very interesting

film ovdje kako biste doživjeli nešto vrlo

experience. I want you to see how this illusion is

zanimljivo. Želim da vidite kako je iluzija

constructed, and it's going to rotate so you see

konstruirana; i rotirat će se kako biste vidjeli

that it's inside out. Now watch, as it rotates

da je iznutra prema van. Sad gledajte kako se rotira

back, how quickly your perception snaps. OK now.

prema natrag, kako se brzo promijeni vaša percepcija. Ok. Sada

Watch it as it rotates back again. And this is a very

gledajte kako se opet rotira natrag. A ovo je vrlo

bright audience, all right? See if you can stop it

bistra publika, u redu? Pogledajte možete li spriječiti

from happening, even though you know 100 percent it's

da se dogodi, iako znate da je ovo 100%

true that -- bam! You can't undo it. What does

istinito -- bam! Ne možete to poništiti. Što vam

that tell you about yourselves? We're going to do

to govori o vama? Ponovno ćemo

it again. No doubt about it. See if you can stop

to napraviti. Nema sumnje u to. Vidite možete li to

it from happening. No. It's difficult.

spriječiti. Ne. Teško je.

And we can violate your expectations in a whole

Možemo narušiti vaša očekivanja na razne

variety of ways about representation, about shape,

načine -- u prezentiranju, obliku,

about color and so forth and it's very primal. And

boji i tako dalje i to je vrlo jednostavno. Postoji

it's an interesting question to ponder, why these

zanimljivo pitanje za razmišljanje. Zašto ove

things -- we find these things joyful. Why would

stvari -- mi smatramo ove stvari radosnima. Zašto bismo

we find them joyful? So, here's something that

ih smatrali radosnima? Pa, ovdje je nešto što je

Lionel did a while ago. I like these sort of

Lionel učinio prije nekog vremena. Ja volim ovu vrstu

little things like this.

malih stvari.

Again, this is not an optical trick. This is what

Ponovno, ovo nije optički trik. Ovo je ono što

you would see. In other words, it's not a camera

biste vidjeli. Drugim riječima, nije rez

cut. It's a perceptual trick.

kamere. To je perceptivni trik.

OK. We can violate your expectations about

OK. Možemo narušiti vaša očekivanja o

shape.

obliku.

We can violate your expectations on representation

Možemo narušiti vaša očekivanja o prezentaciji

-- what an image represents. What do you see here?

-- što slika prikazuje. Što vidite ovdje?

How many of you here see dolphins? Raise your hand

Koliko vi ovdje vidite dupina? Podignite ruku

if you see dolphins. OK, those people who raised

ako vidite dupine. Dobro, ti ljudi koji su podigli

their hands, afterwards, the rest of the audience,

ruku, nakon ovoga -- ostatak publike,

go talk to them, all right? Actually, this is the

odite pričati s njima, u redu? Zapravo, ovo je

best example of priming by experience that I know.

najbolji primjer utjecaja iskustva koji znam.

If you are a child under the age of 10 who

Ako ste dijete ispod 10 godina koje

haven't been ruined yet, you will look at this

još nije upropašteno, pogledat ćete

image and see dolphins. Now, some of you adults

sliku i vidjeti dupine. Sada, neki od vas odraslih

here are saying, "What dolphins? What dolphins?"

govore: „Kakvi dupini? Kakvi dupini?“

But in fact, if you reversed the figure ground --

Ali naime, ako obrnete bazu figure --

in other words, the dark areas here -- I forgot to

drugim riječima, tamna područja ovdje -- zaboravio sam

ask for a pointer -- but if you reverse it, you'll

tražiti pokazivač -- ali, ako je obrnete,

see a whole series of little dolphins. By the way,

vidjet ćete cijelu skupinu malih dupina. Usput,

if you're also a student at CalTech -- they also

ako ste ujedno i student računarstva -- oni su također

tend to just see the dolphins. It's based on

skloni vidjeti dupine. Temeljeno na

experience.

iskustvu.

Now, something like this can be used because this

Dakle, nešto poput ovoga može biti korišteno jer je

is after all talk about design, too. This was

ovo na kraju krajeva također i razgovor o dizajnu. Ovo su

done by Saatchi and Saatchi, and they actually got

napravili Saatchi i Saatchi, i oni su se zapravo provukli

away with this ad in Australia. So, if you look at

ovom reklamom u Australiji. Pa, ako pogledate ovu

this ad for beer, all those people are in sort of

reklamu za pivo, svi ti ljudi su u nekoj vrsti

provocative positions. But they got it passed, and

provokativnog položaja. Ali, provukli su se s tim, i

actually won the Clio awards, so it's funny how you can do

zapravo dobili Clio nagradu -- pa zabavno je raditi

these things.

takve stvari.

Remember that sort of, um. This is the joke I did

Zapamtite tu vrstu mmm. Ovo je šala koju sam napravio

when the Florida ballot was going around. You

kada je bilo aktualno glasanje na Floridi. Znate,

know, count the dots for Gore; count the dots for

izbrojite točkice za Gorea, izbrojite točkice za

Bush; count 'em again ...

Busha. Izbrojite ih opet ...

You can violate your expectations about

Možete narušiti očekivanja o

experience. Here is an outside water fountain that

iskustvu. Ovdje je vanjska vodena fontana koju

I created with some friends of mine, but you can

sam napravio s nekim svojim prijateljima, ali možete

stop the water in drops and -- actually make all

zaustaviti vodu u kapima i -- zapravo učiniti da

the drops levitate. This is something we're

sve kapi lebde. Ovo je nešto što

building for, you know, amusement parks and that

gradimo za, znate, zabavne parkove i takvu

kind of stuff.

vrstu stvari.

Now let's take a static image. Can you see this?

Hajmo sada napraviti statičnu sliku. Možete li vidjeti ovo?

Do you see the middle section moving down and the

Vidite li središnji dio kako se giba prema dolje i

outer sections moving up? It's completely static.

vanjske dijelove kako se gibaju prema gore? To je potpuno statično.

It's a static image. How many people see this

To je statična slika. Koliko ljudi vidi ovu

illusion? It's completely static.

iluziju? Potpuno je statična.

Right. Now, when -- it's interesting that when we

Dobro. Sada, kada -- zanimljivo je da kada

look at an image we see, you know, color, depth,

gledamo sliku mi vidimo, znate, boju, dubinu,

texture. And you can look at this whole scene and

teksturu. I možete pogledati cijelu sliku i

analyze it. You can see the woman is in closer than

analizirati je. Možete vidjeti da je žena bliže

the wall and so forth. But the whole thing is

nego zid i tako dalje. Ali, cijela stvar je

actually flat. It's painted. It's trompe l'oeil.

zapravo ravna. To je naslikano. To je vizualna varka.

And it was such a good trompe l'oeil that people

I to je bila toliko dobra varka da su ljudi

got irritated when they tried to talk to the

postajali razdraženi nakon što su pokušali pričati

woman and she wouldn't respond.

sa ženom i ona im nije odgovarala.

Now, you can make design mistakes. Like this

Dakle, možete praviti dizajnerske pogreške. Poput ove

building in New York. So that when you see it from

zgrade u New Yorku. Tako da, kada je gledate s

this side, it looks like the balconies tilt up,

ove strane, izgleda kao da su balkoni nakošeni,

and when you walk around to the other side it

a kada prošetate do druge strane

looks like the balconies go down. So there are

izgleda kao da balkoni idu prema dolje. Postoje

cases where you have mistakes in design that

slučajevi kada imate greške u dizajnu koje

incorporate illusions.

objedinjuju iluzije.

Or, you take this particular un-retouched

Ili, uzmite ovu određenu neretuširanu

photograph. Now, interestingly enough, I get a lot

fotografiju. Zanimljivo je da ja dobivam mnošto

of emails from people who say, "Is there any

e-mailova ljudi koji kažu: „Postoji li ikakva

perceptual difference between males and females?"

perceptivna razlika između muškaraca i žena?“

And I really say, "No." I mean, women can navigate

I ja zbilja kažem: „Ne.“ Mislim, žene mogu upravljati

through the world just as well as males can -- and

svijetom jednako dobro kao i muškarci -- a

why wouldn't they? However, this is the one

zašto i ne bi? Ipak, ovo je jedna

illusion that women can consistently do better

iluzija koju žene mogu neprestano raditi bolje

than males: in matching which head because they

od muškaraca: spojiti glavu jer se one

rely on fashion cues. They can match the hat.

oslanjaju na modne znakove. One mogu povezati šešir.

Okay, now getting to a part -- I want to show

U redu, sada dolazimo do dijela -- želim vam pokazati

design in illusions. I believe that the first

dizajn u iluzijama. Vjerujem da je ovo prvi

example of illusions being used purposely was by

primjer iluzija koji je

da Vinci in this anamorphic image of an eye. So

da Vinci namjerno koristio u ovoj bezobličnoj slici oka -- koja

that when you saw from one little angle was like

kada je vidite iz drugog ugla izgleda

this. And this little technique got popular in the

ovako. Ova mala tehnika postala je popularna u

16th century and the 17th century to disguise

16. i 17. stoljeću za maskiranje

hidden meanings, where you could flip the image and

skrivenih značenja, gdje ste mogli zaokrenuti sliku i

see it from one little point of view like this.

vidjeti je iz drugog ugla ovako.

But these are early incorporations of illusions

Ali, ovo su rana objedinjenja iluzija

brought to -- sort of high point with Hans

iz kojih se razvila -- donekle zanimljivija točka na Hans

Holbein's "Ambassadors." And Hans Holbein worked

Holbeinovim „Ambasadorima“. Hans Holbein radio je

for Henry VIII. This was hung on a wall where you

za Henryja VIII. Ovo je bilo obješeno na zidu gdje

could walk down from the stair and you can see

ste mogli silaziti niz stepenice i vidjeti

this hidden skull.

ovu skrivenu lubanju.

All right, now I'm going to show you some

U redu, sada ću vam pokazati neke

designers who work with illusions to give that

dizajnere koji su radili s iluzijama kako bi dodali

element of surprise. One of my favorites is Scott

element iznenađenja. Jedan od najdražih mi je Scott

Kim. I worked with Scott to create some illusions

Kim. Radio sam sa Scottom kako bih izradio neke iluzije

for TED that I hope you will enjoy. We have one

za TED u kojima ćete, nadam se, uživati. Imamo jednu

here on TED and happiness.

ovdje za TED i sreću.

OK now. Arthur [Ganson] hasn't talked yet, but his is

Dobro sada. Arthur [Ganson] nije još govorio, ali će

going to be a delightful talk and he has some of

održati izvrsno predavanje i ima neke

his really fantastic machines outside. And so, we

zbilja fantastične uređaje vani. I tako, mi

-- Scott created this wonderful tribute to Arthur

-- Scott je pripremio ovaj predivan homage Arthuru

Ganson.

Gansonu.

Well, there's analog and digital. Thought that

Pa, postoji analogno i digitalno. Mislio sam

was appropriate here.

da je to ovdje prikladno.

And figure goes to ground.

I konceptualno istaknuto se pretvara u pozadinu.

And for the musicians.

I za glazbenike.

And of course, since happiness -- we want "joy to the

I naravno, otkako je sreće -- mi želimo „radost

world."

svijetu“.

Now, another great designer -- he's very well

Sada, drugi izvrstan dizajner -- on je vrlo dobro

known in Japan -- Shigeo Fukuda. And he just

poznat u Japanu -- Shigeo Fukuda. I on

builds some fantastic things. This is simply

gradi fantastične stvari. Ovo je jednostavno

amazing. This is a pile of junk that when you view

nevjerojatno. Ovo je hrpa smeća koju kada vidite

it from one particular angle, you see its

iz jednog određenog ugla, vidite njezin

reflection in the mirror as a perfect piano.

odraz u ogledalima kao savršeni piano.

Pianist transforms to violinist.

Pijanist se pretvara u violinista.

This is really wild. This assemblage of forks,

Ovo je zbilja ludo. Ova montaža vilica,

knives and spoons and various cutlery, welded

noževa i žlica i različitog pribora za jelo, zavarenih

together. It gives a shadow of a motorcycle. You learn

zajedno, daju sjenu motora. Naučite

something in the sort of thing that I do, which

nešto u stvarima koje ja radim, a to je da

is there are people out there with a lot of time

ima ljudi u svijetu s mnogo vremena

on their hands.

na raspolaganju.

Ken Knowlton does wonderful composite images, like

Ken Knowlton radi predivne mozaike. Poput

creating Jacques Cousteau out of seashells --

kreiranja Jacquesa Cousteaua od školjaka --

un-retouched seashells, but just by rearranging

neretuširanih školjaka, samo slaganjem.

them. He did Einstein out of dice because, after

Jednom je napravio Einsteina iz kockica jer ipak

all, Einstein said, "God does not play dice with

je Einstein rekao: „Bog nije

the universe." Bert Herzog out of un-retouched

kockar.“ Bert Herzog iz neretuširanih

keyboards. Will Shortz, crossword puzzle. John

tipkovnica. Will Shortz, križaljka. John

Cederquist does these wonderful trompe l'oeil

Cederquist radi ove prekrasne iluzionističke

cabinets.

kabine.

Now, I'm going to skip ahead since I'm sort of running

Sada ću požuriti naprijed jer pomalo

[behind]. I want to show you quickly what I've

kasnim. Želim vam nabrzinu pokazati što

created, some new type of illusions. I've done

sam izradio. Neke nove vrste iluzija. Nešto

something with taking the Pixar-type illusions. So

sam napravio s Pixarovim tipom iluzija.

you see these kids the same size here, running

Vidite ovu djecu jednake veličine ovdje. Trče

down the hall. The two table tops of the same size.

hodnikom. Dvije površine za stol jednake veličine.

They're looking out two directions at once. You

Gledaju iz dva smjera odjednom. Ovdje

have a larger piece fitting in with a smaller. And

imate veći komad koji ulazi unutar maloga. I

that's something for you to think about, all

to je nešto o čemu biste trebali razmisliti,

right? So you see larger pieces fitting in within

u redu? Vidite ovaj veći dio koji ulazi unutar

smaller pieces here. Does everyone see that? Which

manjih dijelova. Vide li svi to? To je

is impossible. You can see the two kids are

nemoguće. Možete vidjeti dvoje djece koja

looking out simultaneously out of two different

istovremeno gledaju iz dva smjera

directions at once. Now can you believe these two

u jednom trenu. Možete li sada povjerovati da su

table tops are the same size and shape? They are.

površine ovih dvaju stolova jednake veličine i oblika? Jesu.

So, if you measured them, they would be. And as I say,

Pa, ako biste ih izmjerili, bile bi. Kao što kažem,

those two figures are identical in size and shape.

te dvije figure identične su po veličini i obliku.

And it's interesting, by doing this in this sort

I, zanimljivo je, kako se dok radite ovakvu vrstu

of rendered fashion, how much stronger the

prezentacije ove iluzije doimaju snažnije.

illusions are. Any case, I hope this has brought

U svakom slučaju, nadam se da vam je ovo donijelo

you a little joy and happiness, and if you're

malo radosti i sreće te ako ste zainteresirani

interested in seeing more cool effects, see me

da vidite još odličnih efekata, nađite me

outside. I'd be happy to show you lots of things.

vani. Bit ću sretan što vam mogu pokazati mnoštvo stvari.