Powerful visual illusions | Al Seckel

翻译人员: Kun Tian 校对人员: xiang fei

We're going to talk -- my -- a new lecture, just

我今天的演讲

for TED -- and I'm going show you some illusions

是特别为TED准备的

that we've created for TED, and I'm going to try

我会展示一些特别为TED制作的幻象

to relate this to happiness. What I was thinking

并将试着把这些幻象和幸福相关联

about with happiness is, what gives happiness --

我曾想幸福是什么，什么给人幸福

or happiness, which I equate with joy in my

幸福对我来说等同于快乐

particular area, and I think there's something very

我想这其中有些根本的东西

fundamental. And I was thinking about this. And

我曾经考虑过这个问题

it's in terms of both illusions and movies that we

幸福是我们对于所见的幻象、电影

go see and jokes and magic shows is that there's

笑话、魔术表演的期望

something about these things where our

被一种令人愉快的

expectations are violated in some sort of pleasing

方式所违背了

way. You go see a movie. And it has an unexpected

你去看电影的时候，电影里有些意外的转折

twist -- something that you didn't expect -- and

一些你没有意料到的－－从而

you find a joyful experience. You look at those

你有了一段快乐的经历。你在我的书里

sort of illusions in my book and it's not as what

看见这类出乎你意料的幻象

you'd expect. And there's something joyful about

其中蕴含着快乐

it. And it's the same thing with jokes and all

这与笑话这类事物是

these sorts of things. So, what I'm going to try

同一类东西。所以，我在演讲中将试着

and do in my lecture is go a little bit further

更进一步

and see if I can violate your expectations in a

看看我能否以令人愉快的方式违背你的期望

pleasing way. I mean, sometimes expectations that

我是说，有时期望被冒犯

are violated are not pleasant, but I'm going to try

并不愉快，但是我将试着

to do it in a pleasant way, in a very primal way,

以愉快的方式做这事儿，以非常简单的方式

so I can make the audience here happy.

让在座各位感到快乐

So I'm going to show you some ways that we can

我将给你展示一些冒犯你的期望的

violate your expectations. First of all, I want to

的方式。首先，我想要

show you the particular illusion here. I want you

在这里演示特别的幻象。首先

first of all when it pops up on the screen to

当屏幕上弹出窗口的时候

notice that the two holes are perpendicular to

请注意两个孔是相互垂直的

each other. These are all perceptual tricks. These

这些都是知觉幻象

are real objects that I'm going to show you. Now

这些是我将给你们演示的真实物件

I'm going to show you how it is done. I've looped

现在，我将演示这是怎么做到的。我这里制作

the film here so you can get a very interesting

了一个影片，你可以有一个有趣的

experience. I want you to see how this illusion is

体验。我给你看到这个幻觉是怎么

constructed, and it's going to rotate so you see

构造的，物件旋转，你就可以看到这是一个

that it's inside out. Now watch, as it rotates

自内而外的东西。现在请看，当它转到背面

back, how quickly your perception snaps. OK now.

你的知觉转换是多快。好了，现在

Watch it as it rotates back again. And this is a very

请再次看它旋转的背面。这是一个

bright audience, all right? See if you can stop it

明显的事实，对吧？请看你能否从一开始停止

from happening, even though you know 100 percent it's

你的想法，即使你百分百确定这是

true that -- bam! You can't undo it. What does

真的。碰！你做不到。这说明了

that tell you about yourselves? We're going to do

些什么？我们再做一次

it again. No doubt about it. See if you can stop

别怀疑它，看你能否不让

it from happening. No. It's difficult.

这想法产生？不行，这很难

And we can violate your expectations in a whole

我们可以在所有关于表述、形状

variety of ways about representation, about shape,

颜色等等不同的方面

about color and so forth and it's very primal. And

违背你的期望，都是很基本的

it's an interesting question to ponder, why these

这是一个值得考虑的有趣的问题

things -- we find these things joyful. Why would

我们为什么发现

we find them joyful? So, here's something that

这些事是快乐的

Lionel did a while ago. I like these sort of

这是Lionel不久前做过的

little things like this.

我喜欢这样的小把戏

Again, this is not an optical trick. This is what

重申一遍，这不是一个光学上的欺骗

you would see. In other words, it's not a camera

这是你会看到的。换句话说

cut. It's a perceptual trick.

它不是一个摄像的截取片段，而是一个知觉上的错觉

OK. We can violate your expectations about

好的。我可以在形状上

shape.

违背你的期望

We can violate your expectations on representation

我还可以在图画中违背你的期望

-- what an image represents. What do you see here?

你看到了什么？

How many of you here see dolphins? Raise your hand

你们中有谁看到了海豚？请举起手

if you see dolphins. OK, those people who raised

好的，有些人举手了

their hands, afterwards, the rest of the audience,

那么剩余的观众

go talk to them, all right? Actually, this is the

去和他们聊一下，可以吗？

best example of priming by experience that I know.

事实上，这是我知道依凭经验产生错觉的最好的例子

If you are a child under the age of 10 who

如果你是一个不到十岁的

haven't been ruined yet, you will look at this

天真烂漫的小孩

image and see dolphins. Now, some of you adults

你将会在图画中看到海豚

here are saying, "What dolphins? What dolphins?"

现在，在座的有些大人就会开始问：“哪儿有海豚？”

But in fact, if you reversed the figure ground --

但实际上，如果你对调一下图画的底色

in other words, the dark areas here -- I forgot to

换句话说，黑色的部分--我忘记要一只激光笔了-

ask for a pointer -- but if you reverse it, you'll

如果你对调一下

see a whole series of little dolphins. By the way,

你将会看到一组小海豚

if you're also a student at CalTech -- they also

同时，如果你也是一名加州理工的学生

tend to just see the dolphins. It's based on

--他们也可能只能看到海豚

experience.

这是基于经验的

Now, something like this can be used because this

现在，一些类似的技巧有了应用价值

is after all talk about design, too. This was

因为这毕竟也是讨论设计的

done by Saatchi and Saatchi, and they actually got

这是由Saatchi和Saatchi完成的

away with this ad in Australia. So, if you look at

他们在澳大利亚用这个广告侥幸成功了

this ad for beer, all those people are in sort of

所以如果你看到这个创意为啤酒做广告

provocative positions. But they got it passed, and

所有那些人都有几分挑衅的姿态

actually won the Clio awards, so it's funny how you can do

但是它成功了，他们赢得了克里奥广告奖

these things.

所以做这些事是很有趣的

Remember that sort of, um. This is the joke I did

这是佛罗里达州进行投票的时候

when the Florida ballot was going around. You

我做的一个笑话

know, count the dots for Gore; count the dots for

数一下戈尔的得票，再数一下布什的

Bush; count 'em again ...

然后再数一遍

You can violate your expectations about

你会得到违背基于经验的预期结果

experience. Here is an outside water fountain that

这是我和朋友们制作的

I created with some friends of mine, but you can

一个室外喷泉

stop the water in drops and -- actually make all

你可以使水以水滴的方式静止- 事实上, 是让所有的

the drops levitate. This is something we're

水滴悬浮起来. 这是我们为

building for, you know, amusement parks and that

游乐园一类的地方设计的

kind of stuff.

东西

Now let's take a static image. Can you see this?

现在让我们看一个静态图像，看到了吗？

Do you see the middle section moving down and the

你看到中间的部分在向下运动

outer sections moving up? It's completely static.

而外边的部分在向上运动吗？事实上它是静止的

It's a static image. How many people see this

它是静止的，多少人产生了这个错觉?

illusion? It's completely static.

它是静止的

Right. Now, when -- it's interesting that when we

好的，我们看一张图片颜色, 深度和质地的时候

look at an image we see, you know, color, depth,

是很有趣的

texture. And you can look at this whole scene and

你可以看看这个屏幕

analyze it. You can see the woman is in closer than

分析一下，你可以看到那个女人比墙要

the wall and so forth. But the whole thing is

更近些等等，但是事实上

actually flat. It's painted. It's trompe l'oeil.

所有的都是平的，它是图画，它是错觉画

And it was such a good trompe l'oeil that people

这是一张很好的错觉画，以至于

got irritated when they tried to talk to the

一些人在和那个女人谈话而得不到她的回应时

woman and she wouldn't respond.

变得恼怒

Now, you can make design mistakes. Like this

现在，你可以设计错误了

building in New York. So that when you see it from

就像这个在纽约的建筑，你从这一边看它

this side, it looks like the balconies tilt up,

阳台看起来是向上倾斜的

and when you walk around to the other side it

而当你从另一边看的时候

looks like the balconies go down. So there are

又像是向下倾斜的

cases where you have mistakes in design that

这是一个在设计中蕴含视觉错觉的

incorporate illusions.

例子

Or, you take this particular un-retouched

或者, 看看这张没有被修饰过的

photograph. Now, interestingly enough, I get a lot

照片. 很有趣的是

of emails from people who say, "Is there any

我收到和很多email，问我

perceptual difference between males and females?"

“男性和女性之间有没有知觉上的区别？”

And I really say, "No." I mean, women can navigate

我的回答是否定的。我的意思是女人可以和男人一样

through the world just as well as males can -- and

在这个世界上生存

why wouldn't they? However, this is the one

为什么她们不能呢? 不过, 对于这个视错觉

illusion that women can consistently do better

女性肯定比男性更容易辨别

than males: in matching which head because they

这个人头是属于谁的

rely on fashion cues. They can match the hat.

因为她们对时尚更敏感- 她们可以由帽子来确定

Okay, now getting to a part -- I want to show

现在我想展示一些

design in illusions. I believe that the first

设计中的视错觉. 我认为第一个有意

example of illusions being used purposely was by

运用视错觉的例子是

da Vinci in this anamorphic image of an eye. So

达芬奇的一幅眼睛变形的作品

that when you saw from one little angle was like

所以当你取一个小角度看的时候图像是这样的

this. And this little technique got popular in the

这个技巧在

16th century and the 17th century to disguise

16和17世纪流行于伪装隐含意义

hidden meanings, where you could flip the image and

稍微调转图像

see it from one little point of view like this.

从另一个角度去看它

But these are early incorporations of illusions

这些技巧的早期运用

brought to -- sort of high point with Hans

成为Hans Holbein的画作"使者"的

Holbein's "Ambassadors." And Hans Holbein worked

一个热点. Hans Holbein效劳于亨利八世.

for Henry VIII. This was hung on a wall where you

这幅画挂在楼梯边的墙上, 当你

could walk down from the stair and you can see

走下楼梯的时候你可以看到隐藏的

this hidden skull.

骷髅头

All right, now I'm going to show you some

好, 现在我要给你们介绍

designers who work with illusions to give that

一些运用视错觉创造惊喜的

element of surprise. One of my favorites is Scott

设计师. Scott Kim是我最喜欢的设计师之一.

Kim. I worked with Scott to create some illusions

我和他一起

for TED that I hope you will enjoy. We have one

为TED设计了一些视错觉, 希望你喜欢.

here on TED and happiness.

这里有一张关于TED和幸福的

OK now. Arthur [Ganson] hasn't talked yet, but his is

Arthur Ganson还没有在这里做过演讲

going to be a delightful talk and he has some of

他的演讲会很有趣, 而且他有

his really fantastic machines outside. And so, we

一些非常有趣的模型

-- Scott created this wonderful tribute to Arthur

所以我和scott为Arthur Ganson设计了一份

Ganson.

很棒的礼物

Well, there's analog and digital. Thought that

这个是"近义词"和"数码", 我觉得

was appropriate here.

这张图片挺适合这里

And figure goes to ground.

另一张是"肖像"隐藏到底色里

And for the musicians.

这张给音乐家

And of course, since happiness -- we want "joy to the

当然, 对于幸福, 我们希望" 把快乐带给

world."

世界"

Now, another great designer -- he's very well

另一个在日本非常出名的设计师

known in Japan -- Shigeo Fukuda. And he just

是Shigeo Fukuda. 他设计了一些

builds some fantastic things. This is simply

奇妙的东西, 非常有趣

amazing. This is a pile of junk that when you view

这里是一堆垃圾

it from one particular angle, you see its

取一个特定的角度去看

reflection in the mirror as a perfect piano.

你会发现它在镜子里的像是一架钢琴

Pianist transforms to violinist.

钢琴家变成小提琴家

This is really wild. This assemblage of forks,

这个真的很棒. 这个刀叉匙

knives and spoons and various cutlery, welded

以及各种餐具的组合能产生一个轮廓像

together. It gives a shadow of a motorcycle. You learn

摩托车的影子

something in the sort of thing that I do, which

现在你们知道我所做的事儿了

is there are people out there with a lot of time

有些人闲着没事就喜欢

on their hands.

瞎折腾

Ken Knowlton does wonderful composite images, like

Ken Knowlton很擅长合成图像

creating Jacques Cousteau out of seashells --

比如用贝壳做一个法国水兵库斯托

un-retouched seashells, but just by rearranging

没有修饰过的贝壳, 只是重新排列一下

them. He did Einstein out of dice because, after

他用骰子做了一个Einstein, 谁让Einstein

all, Einstein said, "God does not play dice with

说"上帝是不玩骰子的"

the universe." Bert Herzog out of un-retouched

键盘里的Bert Herzog

keyboards. Will Shortz, crossword puzzle. John

字谜游戏里的Will Shortz

Cederquist does these wonderful trompe l'oeil

John Cederquist 做了这些很棒的有视错觉效果的

cabinets.

橱柜

Now, I'm going to skip ahead since I'm sort of running

因为时间有点紧, 有些东西我就省略不讲了

[behind]. I want to show you quickly what I've

我想给你们看一下我自己设计的一些东西

created, some new type of illusions. I've done

一些新的视错觉体验

something with taking the Pixar-type illusions. So

我做了一些皮克斯式的视错觉图像

you see these kids the same size here, running

这两个孩子是一样大的

down the hall. The two table tops of the same size.

正在跑过走廊. 两张桌子是一样的尺寸

They're looking out two directions at once. You

他们正在同时朝不同的方向望去

have a larger piece fitting in with a smaller. And

这张里大件放进小件里

that's something for you to think about, all

这张是留给你思考的, 好吗?

right? So you see larger pieces fitting in within

你可以看到大的融进

smaller pieces here. Does everyone see that? Which

小的. 每个人都看到了吧?

is impossible. You can see the two kids are

这是不可能的. 你可以看到这两个孩子

looking out simultaneously out of two different

同时面朝两个不同

directions at once. Now can you believe these two

方向. 现在你可以相信这两个桌面

table tops are the same size and shape? They are.

是一样的尺寸了吗? 它们的确是

So, if you measured them, they would be. And as I say,

如果你量一下, 你会发现它们一样大

those two figures are identical in size and shape.

正如我所说过的, 它们在形状和尺寸上都是一样的

And it's interesting, by doing this in this sort

通过这种方式来展示

of rendered fashion, how much stronger the

视觉错觉是很有趣的

illusions are. Any case, I hope this has brought

无论怎样, 我希望这些都让你觉得

you a little joy and happiness, and if you're

快乐和幸福. 如果你想看到更多

interested in seeing more cool effects, see me

有趣的东西, 我就在外边

outside. I'd be happy to show you lots of things.

我会很乐意给你看更多有趣的东西的