Powerful visual illusions | Al Seckel

Translator: Matej Golob Reviewer: Janja Sterle

We're going to talk -- my -- a new lecture, just

Govorili bomo o -- moje novo predavanje, posebej za TED ---

for TED -- and I'm going show you some illusions

in pokazal vam bom nekaj iluzij,

that we've created for TED, and I'm going to try

ki sem jih pripravil za TED. Poskušal bom to

to relate this to happiness. What I was thinking

povezati s srečo in veseljem. Razmišljal sem o tem,

about with happiness is, what gives happiness --

kaj je sreča, kaj jo povzroči - srečo,

or happiness, which I equate with joy in my

ki jo enačim z veseljem v tem

particular area, and I think there's something very

konkretnem primeru - in zdi se mi, da mora biti

fundamental. And I was thinking about this. And

nekaj bistvenega. O tem sem razmišljal.

it's in terms of both illusions and movies that we

Pri teh iluzijah in filmih, ki jih

go see and jokes and magic shows is that there's

gledamo in v šalah in čarovniških trikih

something about these things where our

je nekaj takega, kar prekrši naša

expectations are violated in some sort of pleasing

pričakovanja na nek prijeten način.

way. You go see a movie. And it has an unexpected

Ogledamo si film, ki ima nepričakovan

twist -- something that you didn't expect -- and

obrat -- nekaj, česar nismo pričakovali -- in

you find a joyful experience. You look at those

to zaznamo kot prijetno izkušnjo. Gledamo vse

sort of illusions in my book and it's not as what

te iluzije v moji knjigi in izkaže se, da niso,

you'd expect. And there's something joyful about

kar pričakujemo. In spet je nekaj prijetnega

it. And it's the same thing with jokes and all

v tem. Enako je s šalami in drugimi

these sorts of things. So, what I'm going to try

podobnimi zadevami. Torej, kar bom poskušal

and do in my lecture is go a little bit further

narediti na svojem predavanju, je iti malenkost

and see if I can violate your expectations in a

dlje in ugotoviti, če lahko prekršim vaša pričakovanja

pleasing way. I mean, sometimes expectations that

na prijeten način. Mislim, včasih pričakovanja, ki so

are violated are not pleasant, but I'm going to try

kršena, niso prijetna, toda sam bom poskusil

to do it in a pleasant way, in a very primal way,

to izvesti na prijeten način, na zelo enostaven način

so I can make the audience here happy.

in tako razveseliti občinstvo tukaj.

So I'm going to show you some ways that we can

Torej, pokazal vam bom nekaj načinov, kako lahko

violate your expectations. First of all, I want to

prekršim vaša pričakovanja.. Najprej bi vam pokazal

show you the particular illusion here. I want you

določeno iluzijo. Rad bi -

first of all when it pops up on the screen to

ko se pokaže slika - da opazite,

notice that the two holes are perpendicular to

da sta luknji pravzaprav pravokotni

each other. These are all perceptual tricks. These

ena na drugo. To so zaznavni triki. To,

are real objects that I'm going to show you. Now

kar vam bom pokazal, so vse resnični predmeti.

I'm going to show you how it is done. I've looped

Pokazal vam bom tudi, kako je narejeno. Film

the film here so you can get a very interesting

sem zavrtel tako, da lahko doživite zanimivo

experience. I want you to see how this illusion is

izkušnjo. Hočem, da vidite, kako so iluzije

constructed, and it's going to rotate so you see

narejene. Zavrtelo se bo in opazili boste, da je

that it's inside out. Now watch, as it rotates

stvar vbočena. Opazujte zdaj, ko se zavrti

back, how quickly your perception snaps. OK now.

nazaj, kako hitro se vaša zaznava spremeni. Tako.

Watch it as it rotates back again. And this is a very

Opazujte, kako se spet zavrti nazaj. In vi ste zelo

bright audience, all right? See if you can stop it

bistro občinstvo, ne? Poskušajte preprečiti

from happening, even though you know 100 percent it's

spremembo zaznave. Čeprav ste 100% prepričani,

true that -- bam! You can't undo it. What does

-- bam! Ne morete si pomagati. Kaj nam to

that tell you about yourselves? We're going to do

pove o nas samih? Ponovili bomo.

it again. No doubt about it. See if you can stop

Brez dvoma. Poglejte, če vam uspe preprečiti

it from happening. No. It's difficult.

učinek zaznave. Ne. Težko je.

And we can violate your expectations in a whole

Pričakovanja lahko prekršimo na

variety of ways about representation, about shape,

veliko načinov - glede predstave, glede oblike,

about color and so forth and it's very primal. And

glede barve itd. Zadeva je prvinska. Postavlja

it's an interesting question to ponder, why these

se zanimivo vprašanje. Zakaj nas te stvari

things -- we find these things joyful. Why would

spravljajo v dobro voljo. Zakaj nas

we find them joyful? So, here's something that

spravljajo v dobro voljo? Tole je nekaj, kar je

Lionel did a while ago. I like these sort of

Lionel naredil pred časom. Všeč so mi

little things like this.

te zanimive malenkosti.

Again, this is not an optical trick. This is what

Spet - to ni optični trik. To bi

you would see. In other words, it's not a camera

zares videli tako. Skratka, to ni trik

cut. It's a perceptual trick.

s kamero. To je zaznavna iluzija.

OK. We can violate your expectations about

OK. Lahko prekršimo pričakovanja tudi

shape.

glede oblike.

We can violate your expectations on representation

Prekršimo lahko tudi pričakovanja glede predstave same

-- what an image represents. What do you see here?

-- kaj slika predstavlja. Kaj vidite tukaj?

How many of you here see dolphins? Raise your hand

Koliko vas vidi delfine? Dvignite roko,

if you see dolphins. OK, those people who raised

če vidite delfine. OK, tisti, ki ste dvignili

their hands, afterwards, the rest of the audience,

roke, po govoru se pogovorite z ostalimi.

go talk to them, all right? Actually, this is the

Prav? V bistvu je to

best example of priming by experience that I know.

najboljši način priprave skozi izkušnjo, ki ga poznam.

If you are a child under the age of 10 who

Če ste manj kot 10 let star otrok,

haven't been ruined yet, you will look at this

ki še ni bil pokvarjen, boste ob pogledu na

image and see dolphins. Now, some of you adults

to sliko videli delfine. Nekateri odrasli med vami

here are saying, "What dolphins? What dolphins?"

se sprašujete: "Kateri delfini? Kakšni delfini?"

But in fact, if you reversed the figure ground --

Toda dejansko, če zamenjate podlago --

in other words, the dark areas here -- I forgot to

z drugimi besedami, temnejša območja tukaj -- pozabil

ask for a pointer -- but if you reverse it, you'll

sem zahtevati kazalnik -- torej, če zamenjate podlago,

see a whole series of little dolphins. By the way,

boste opazili celo serijo delfinov. Mimogrede,

if you're also a student at CalTech -- they also

če ste študent na CalTech -- oni ravno tako vidijo

tend to just see the dolphins. It's based on

samo delfine. Odvisno je

experience.

od izkušenj.

Now, something like this can be used because this

Nekaj takega lahko uporabimo, ker je

is after all talk about design, too. This was

to nenazadnje govor tudi o oblikovanju. To je naredila agencija

done by Saatchi and Saatchi, and they actually got

Saatchi and Saacchi in dejansko

away with this ad in Australia. So, if you look at

so se izmazali s to reklamo v Avstraliji. Če pogledate

this ad for beer, all those people are in sort of

to reklamo za pivo, so vse te osebe

provocative positions. But they got it passed, and

v nekih provokativnih pozicijah. Prebili so se skozi kritike in

actually won the Clio awards, so it's funny how you can do

dejansko dobili CLIO Award. Zabavno je delati

these things.

te reči.

Remember that sort of, um. This is the joke I did

Se spomnite tega? To je šala, ki sem jo naredil,

when the Florida ballot was going around. You

ko je bil aktualen škandal preštevanja glasov na Floridi.

know, count the dots for Gore; count the dots for

Saj veste, preštejte pike za Gora, preštejte

Bush; count 'em again ...

pike za Busha. Ponovno jih preštejte.

You can violate your expectations about

Kršite lahko pričakovanja glede izkušnje.

experience. Here is an outside water fountain that

To je zunanji vodnjak,

I created with some friends of mine, but you can

ki sem ga naredil s prijatelji, vendar lahko

stop the water in drops and -- actually make all

vodne kaplje ustavite -- kaplje lahko dejansko

the drops levitate. This is something we're

lebdijo v zraku. Take stvari gradimo za,

building for, you know, amusement parks and that

saj veste, zabaviščne parke

kind of stuff.

in podobne reči.

Now let's take a static image. Can you see this?

Poskusimo zdaj s statično sliko. Vidite to?

Do you see the middle section moving down and the

Vidite sredino, ki se pomika navzdol, in

outer sections moving up? It's completely static.

zunanji strani, ki se pomikata navzgor?

It's a static image. How many people see this

Slika je popolnoma statična. Koliko ljudi

illusion? It's completely static.

vidi to iluzijo? Poponoma statična je.

Right. Now, when -- it's interesting that when we

Prav. Zanimivo je, da ko pogledamo

look at an image we see, you know, color, depth,

neko sliko, vedno vidimo barvo, globino,

texture. And you can look at this whole scene and

teksturo. Poglejte si tole situacijo

analyze it. You can see the woman is in closer than

in jo analizirajte. Vidite žensko, ki je bliže kot

the wall and so forth. But the whole thing is

zid in tako dalje. Vendar je vsa zadeva

actually flat. It's painted. It's trompe l'oeil.

pravzaprav ravna. Naslikana je. Trompe l'oeil (trik za oči).

And it was such a good trompe l'oeil that people

To je bil tako dober trompe l'oeil, da so bili

got irritated when they tried to talk to the

ljudje kar razdraženi, ko so nagovarjali

woman and she wouldn't respond.

žensko in ni reagirala.

Now, you can make design mistakes. Like this

Zgodijo se vam lahko tudi napake v oblikovanju.

building in New York. So that when you see it from

Kot recimo tale stavba v New Yorku. Če jo pogledate z ene

this side, it looks like the balconies tilt up,

strani, izgleda, kot da so balkoni zasukani navzgor,

and when you walk around to the other side it

ko pa pogledate z druge strani,

looks like the balconies go down. So there are

izgleda, kot da balkoni visijo. To so

cases where you have mistakes in design that

primeri, ko napake v oblikovanju

incorporate illusions.

prinesejo iluzije.

Or, you take this particular un-retouched

Poglejte si tudi tole neretuširano

photograph. Now, interestingly enough, I get a lot

fotografijo. Zanimivo je, da dobivam kar precej

of emails from people who say, "Is there any

elektronske pošte od ljudi, ki me sprašujejo, če obstaja

perceptual difference between males and females?"

zaznavna razlika med moškimi in ženskami.

And I really say, "No." I mean, women can navigate

Pravim, da ne. Ženske lahko navigirajo

through the world just as well as males can -- and

skozi življenje ravno tako dobro kot moški --

why wouldn't they? However, this is the one

in le zakaj ne bi? Kakorkoli, tole iluzijo

illusion that women can consistently do better

ženske konsistentno razvozlavajo veliko bolje

than males: in matching which head because they

kot moški: povezati glavo s telesom, ker se zanašajo

rely on fashion cues. They can match the hat.

na modne znake. Povežejo klobuk in obleko.

Okay, now getting to a part -- I want to show

Tako, zdaj prehajamo na del, kjer vam želim

design in illusions. I believe that the first

pokazati oblikovanje z iluzijami. Mislim, da je prvi

example of illusions being used purposely was by

primer namenske uporabe iluzije, naredil

da Vinci in this anamorphic image of an eye. So

da Vinci v tej sliki očesa. Če sliko

that when you saw from one little angle was like

pogledamo z zelo ostrega kota, vidimo to.

this. And this little technique got popular in the

Ta tehnika je postala popularna

16th century and the 17th century to disguise

v 16. in 17. stoletju in z njo so prikrivali

hidden meanings, where you could flip the image and

skrita sporočila. Če sliko pogledate

see it from one little point of view like this.

z določenega kota, jih vidite.

But these are early incorporations of illusions

To so začetki teh načinov, ki so

brought to -- sort of high point with Hans

doživeli svoj vrhunec z Ambasadorjem Hansa

Holbein's "Ambassadors." And Hans Holbein worked

Holbeina. Hans Holbein je ustvarjal

for Henry VIII. This was hung on a wall where you

za Henrika VIII. Ta slika je visela na stopnišču

could walk down from the stair and you can see

in ko ste se spuščali po stopnicah, ste lahko

this hidden skull.

videli skrito lobanjo.

All right, now I'm going to show you some

Zdaj vam bom pokazal še nekaj

designers who work with illusions to give that

oblikovalcev, ki so uporabljali iluzije,

element of surprise. One of my favorites is Scott

da presenetijo. Eden mojih najljubših je

Kim. I worked with Scott to create some illusions

Scott Kim. S Scottom sva pripravila nekaj iluzij

for TED that I hope you will enjoy. We have one

posebej za TED in upam, da boste uživali. Tale

here on TED and happiness.

je na temo TED-a in sreče.

OK now. Arthur [Ganson] hasn't talked yet, but his is

OK. Arthur [Ganson] še ni imel svojega govora, vendar

going to be a delightful talk and he has some of

bo čudovit nastop in zunaj ima pripravljenih

his really fantastic machines outside. And so, we

nekaj fantastičnih naprav. S Scottom sva pripravila

-- Scott created this wonderful tribute to Arthur

tole čudovito posvetilo

Ganson.

Arthurju Gansonu.

Well, there's analog and digital. Thought that

Tukaj imamo analogno in digitalno. Zdelo se

was appropriate here.

mi je precej primerno.

And figure goes to ground.

"Figure" se spremeni v "Ground"

And for the musicians.

Nekaj za glasbenike.

And of course, since happiness -- we want "joy to the

In seveda, ker je tema sreča - želimo "joy to the

world."

world".

Now, another great designer -- he's very well

Še en velik oblikovalec -- dobro znan

known in Japan -- Shigeo Fukuda. And he just

na Japonskem -- Shigeo Fukuda. Naredil

builds some fantastic things. This is simply

je nekaj prekrasnih stvari. Preprosto

amazing. This is a pile of junk that when you view

fantastično. To je kup smeti in če jih pogledamo

it from one particular angle, you see its

pod pravim kotom, v odsevu

reflection in the mirror as a perfect piano.

ogledala zagledamo popoln klavir.

Pianist transforms to violinist.

Pianist se preobrazi v violinista.

This is really wild. This assemblage of forks,

Tole je precej divje. Tale zbirka vilic,

knives and spoons and various cutlery, welded

nožev, žlic in raznovrstnega pribora, zvarjena

together. It gives a shadow of a motorcycle. You learn

skupaj, v senci nariše motorno kolo. Nekaj

something in the sort of thing that I do, which

sem ugotovil pri svojem delu, in sicer

is there are people out there with a lot of time

da obstajajo ljudje, ki imajo veliko časa

on their hands.

na voljo.

Ken Knowlton does wonderful composite images, like

Ken Knowlton ustvarja čudovite sestavljene slike. Kot

creating Jacques Cousteau out of seashells --

na primer Jacques Cousteau narejen iz morskih školjk --

un-retouched seashells, but just by rearranging

nespremenjenih školjk, samo s pravilnim

them. He did Einstein out of dice because, after

razporejanjem. Einsteina je naredil iz kock, ker je

all, Einstein said, "God does not play dice with

Einstein nenazadnje rekel, "Bog se ne kocka z vesoljem"

the universe." Bert Herzog out of un-retouched

Bert Herzog iz nebarvanih

keyboards. Will Shortz, crossword puzzle. John

tipkovnic. Will Shortz, križanka.

Cederquist does these wonderful trompe l'oeil

John Cederquist ustvarja čudovite trompe l'oeil

cabinets.

omare.

Now, I'm going to skip ahead since I'm sort of running

Zdaj bomo malce preskočili, ker nam zmanjkuje časa.

[behind]. I want to show you quickly what I've

Na hitro vam bom pokazal,

created, some new type of illusions. I've done

kaj sem ustvaril. Nekaj novih vrst iluzij.

something with taking the Pixar-type illusions. So

Naredil sem nekaj iluzij tipa Pixar.

you see these kids the same size here, running

Ta dva otroka sta enako velika. Tečeta

down the hall. The two table tops of the same size.

po hodniku. Ti dve mizi sta enako veliki.

They're looking out two directions at once. You

Gledata istočasno v različne smeri.

have a larger piece fitting in with a smaller. And

Večji kos gre v manjšega.

that's something for you to think about, all

To vam da misliti, kajne?

right? So you see larger pieces fitting in within

Zares vidite večji kos, ki gre lahko

smaller pieces here. Does everyone see that? Which

v manjšega tukaj. Vsi vidite to? Kar je

is impossible. You can see the two kids are

seveda nemogoče. Tukaj vidimo dva otroka,

looking out simultaneously out of two different

ki sta istočasno obrnjena v dve

directions at once. Now can you believe these two

različni smeri. Ali lahko verjamete, da sta

table tops are the same size and shape? They are.

ti dve mizi res enake velikosti in oblike? Sta.

So, if you measured them, they would be. And as I say,

Če bi jih izmerili, bi videli. Kot rečeno,

those two figures are identical in size and shape.

identični velikosti in obliki.

And it's interesting, by doing this in this sort

Zanimivo je, kako so z uporabo računalniške risarske tehnike,

of rendered fashion, how much stronger the

te iluzije še močnejše.

illusions are. Any case, I hope this has brought

Kakorkoli že, upam, da so prinesle

you a little joy and happiness, and if you're

vsaj nekaj veselja in sreče.

interested in seeing more cool effects, see me

Če želite videti še več iluzij,

outside. I'd be happy to show you lots of things.

me poiščite zunaj. Z veseljem vam pokažem še več.