Marc Abrahams: A science award that makes you laugh, then think

Prevodilac: Miloš Milosavljević Lektor: Mile Živković

George and Charlotte Blonsky, who were

Džordž i Šarlot Blonski,

a married couple living in the Bronx in New York City,

bračni par iz Bronksa u Njujorku,

invented something.

izumeli su jednu stvar.

They got a patent in 1965 for what they call,

Godine 1965, patentirali su

"a device to assist women in giving birth."

"napravu za pomoć ženama pri porođaju".

This device consists of a large, round table

Ova naprava se sastoji od velikog, okruglog stola

and some machinery.

i nekih mehaničkih delova.

When the woman is ready to deliver her child,

Kad je žena spremna da se porodi,

she lies on her back,

legne na leđa

she is strapped down to the table,

i vežu je za sto

and the table is rotated at high speed.

koji se onda vrti velikom brzinom.

The child comes flying out

Dete izleti napolje

through centrifugal force.

pomoću centrifugalne sile.

If you look at their patent carefully,

Ako pažljivo pogledate patent,

especially if you have any engineering background or talent,

naročito ako imate nekog inženjerskog dara,

you may decide that you see

možete primetiti

one or two points where the design is not perfectly adequate. (Laughter)

jednu ili dve tačke gde dizajn nije baš adekvatan. (Smeh)

Doctor Ivan Schwab in California

Doktor Ivan Švab iz Kalifornije

is one of the people, one of the main people,

je jedan od glavnih ljudi

who helped answer the question,

koji su pomogli u odgovoru na pitanje:

"Why don't woodpeckers get headaches?"

zašto detlići nemaju glavobolje?

And it turns out the answer to that

Došlo se do odgovora

is because their brains

da je to zato što je mozak

are packaged inside their skulls

u njihovoj glavi

in a way different from the way

malo drugačije upakovan

our brains, we being human beings,

nego naš,

true, have our brains packaged.

ljudski mozak.

They, the woodpeckers, typically

Oni, detlići, tipično

will peck, they will bang their head

kljucaju, udaraju glavom u drvo

on a piece of wood thousands of times every day. Every day!

hiljadama puta dnevno. Svaki dan!

And as far as anyone knows,

I koliko znamo,

to im ni najmanje ne smeta.

that doesn't bother them in the slightest.

How does this happen?

Zašto je to tako?

Their brain does not slosh around like ours does.

Njihov mozak se ne pomera kao naš.

Their brain is packed in very tightly,

Njihov mozak je čvrsto zaštićen,

at least for blows coming right from the front.

barem od udaraca spreda.

Not too many people paid attention

Mnogi nisu obraćali pažnju

to this research until the last few years

na to proučavanje do pre nekoliko godina,

when, in this country especially,

kada su, naročito u ovoj zemlji,

people are becoming curious about

ljudi počeli da se interesuju

what happens to the brains of football players

šta se dešava sa mozgovima igrača američkog fudbala

who bang their heads repeatedly.

koji stalno udaraju glave.

And the woodpecker maybe relates to that.

Pa detlić možda može da se dovede u vezu s tim.

There was a paper published

Objavljen je rad

in the medical journal The Lancet

u medicinskom časopisu "Lanset"

u Engleskoj pre nekoliko godina pod nazivom:

in England a few years ago called

" A man who pricked his finger and smelled putrid for 5 years."

"Čovek koji se ubo u prst i smrdeo na trulež pet godina."

Dr. Caroline Mills and her team

Dr Kerolajn Mils i njen tim

received this patient and didn't really know what to do about it.

primili su ovog pacijenta i nisu znali šta da rade.

The man had cut his finger,

Čovek je posekao prst,

he worked processing chickens,

radio je na tranžiranju pilića,

and then he started to smell really, really bad.

i počeo je jako da smrdi.

Tako gadno da kada je ušao u ordinaciju,

So bad that when he got in a room

with the doctors and the nurses,

lekari i sestre nisu mogli

they couldn't stand being in the room with him.

da izdrže da budu u sobi sa njim.

It was intolerable.

Bilo je nepodnošljivo.

They tried every drug,

Probali su sve lekove

every other treatment they could think of.

i sve drugo što im je palo na pamet.

After a year, he still smelled putrid.

Posle godinu dana, još uvek je smrdeo na trulež.

After two years, still smelled putrid.

Posle dve godine, isto.

Three years, four years, still smelled putrid.

Tri, četiri godine, i dalje je smrdeo.

After five years, it went away on its own.

Posle pet godina, nestalo je samo od sebe.

It's a mystery.

To je misterija.

In New Zealand, Dr. Lianne Parkin

Na Novom Zelandu, dr Lien Parkin

and her team tested an old tradition in her city.

i njen tim testirali su staru tradiciju u njenom gradu.

They live in a city that has huge hills,

Oni žive u gradu sa ogromnim brdima,

San Francisco-grade hills.

kao u San Francisku.

And in the winter there, it gets very cold

Zimi tamo jako zahladni

and very icy.

i ima puno leda.

There are lots of injuries.

Ima puno povreda.

The tradition that they tested,

Tradiciju su testirali

they tested by asking people

tako što su zamolili ljude

who were on their way to work in the morning,

koji su krenuli na posao ujutru

to stop and try something out.

da stanu i probaju nešto.

Try one of two conditions.

Da probaju jedan od dva uslova.

The tradition is that in the winter,

Tradicija je da zimi u tom gradu

in that city, you wear your socks on the outside of your boots.

nosite čarape preko čizama.

And what they discovered by experiment,

I pomoću eksperimenta su otkrili,

and it was quite graphic when they saw it,

i bilo je vrlo slikovito,

was that it's true.

jeste da je tačno

That if you wear your socks on the outside rather than the inside,

da ako nosite čarape preko, a ne iznutra,

you're much more likely to survive and not slip and fall.

imate više šanse da preživite i ne okliznete se i ne padnete.

Now, I hope you will agree with me that these things

Nadam se da ćete se složiti sa mnom da sve ove stvari

I've just described to you,

koje sam vam opisao,

each of them, deserves some kind of prize. (Laughter)

zaslužuju neku nagradu. (Smeh)

And that's what they got,

I ovo je ono što su dobile,

each of them got an Ig Nobel prize.

sve su dobile Ig Nobelovu nagradu.

In 1991, I, together with bunch of other people,

Godine 1991, zajedno s grupom ljudi,

started the Ig Nobel prize ceremony.

pokrenuo sam ceremoniju dodele Ig Nobelove nagrade.

Every year we give out 10 prizes.

Svake godine podelimo 10 nagrada.

The prizes are based on just one criteria. It's very simple.

Nagrade su zasnovane samo na jednom kriterijumu, vrlo jednostavnom:

It's that you've done something that makes people laugh and then think.

da ste uradilli nešto što je ljude nasmejalo, pa onda nateralo da se zamisle.

What you've done makes people laugh and then think.

Nešto što je ljude nasmejalo, pa onda nateralo da se zamisle.

Šta god da je to, postoji nešto

što kada ljudi to vide ili čuju,

their only possible reaction is to laugh.

njihova jedina moguća reakcija je smeh.

And then a week later,

A onda, posle nedelju dana,

it's still rattling around in their heads

i dalje odzvanja u njihovim glavama

and all they want to do is tell their friends about it.

i jedino što žele je da ispričaju to svojim prijateljima.

That's the quality we look for.

To je osobina koju tražimo.

Every year, we get in the neighborhood

Svake godine dobijamo otprilike

of 9,000 new nominations for the Ig Nobel prize.

9.000 nominacija za Ig Nobelovu nagradu.

Of those, consistently between 10 percent

Od toga, uvek između 10

and 20 percent of those nominations

i 20 procenata

are people who nominate themselves.

su ljudi koji nominuju sami sebe.

Those self-nominees almost never win.

Ti samonominovani skoro nikad ne pobeđuju.

It's very difficult, numerically, to win a prize if you want to.

Vrlo je teško, numerički, da osvojite nagradu, ako to želite.

Even if you don't want to,

Čak i ako ne želite,

it's very difficult numerically.

numerički je vrlo teško.

You should know that when we choose somebody

Treba da znate da kad izaberemo nekog

da dobije Ig Nobelovu nagradu,

to win an Ig Nobel prize,

We get in touch with that person, very quietly.

kontaktiramo tu osobu vrlo diskretno.

We offer them the chance to decline

Ponudimo im mogućnost da odbiju

this great honor if they want to.

ovu veliku čast, ako hoće.

Happily for us, almost everyone who's offered a prize

Na našu sreću, skoro svi kojima je ponuđena nagrada

decides to accept.

odluče da je prihvate.

What do you get if you win an Ig Nobel prize?

Šta dobijate ako dobijete Ig Nobelovu nagradu?

Well, you get several things.

Dobijate nekoliko stvari.

You get an Ig Nobel prize.

Ig Nobelovu nagradu.

The design is different every year.

Dizajn je drugačiji svake godine.

These are always handmade from extremely cheap materials.

Uvek je to ručni rad od izuzetno jeftinih materijala.

You're looking at a picture

Gledate sliku

of the prize we gave last year, 2013.

nagrade od prošle godine, 2013.

Most prizes in the world also give

Većina nagrada u svetu takođe daje

their winners some cash, some money.

pobednicima nešto para.

We don't have any money,

Mi nemamo para,

so we can't give them.

tako da ne možemo da im damo.

In fact, the winners have to pay their own way

U stvari, pobednici moraju sami da plate

to come to the Ig Nobel ceremony,

da dođu na ceremoniju dodele,

which most of them do.

što većina i uradi.

Last year, though, we did manage to scrape up some money.

Prošle godine smo ipak došli do nekih para.

Last year, each of the 10 Ig Nobel prize winners

Prošle godine, svaki od 10 dobitnika

received from us 10 trillion dollars.

dobio je od nas 10 biliona dolara.

A $10 trillion bill from Zimbabwe. (Laughter)

Novčanicu od 10 biliona dolara iz Zimbabvea. (Smeh)

You may remember that Zimbabwe had a little adventure

Možda se sećate da je Zimbabve imao malu avanturu

for a few years there of inflation.

od nekoliko godina inflacije.

They ended up printing bills

Morali su da štampaju novčanice

that were in denominations as large as 100 trillion dollars.

u apoenima od čak 100 biliona dolara.

The man responsible, who runs the national bank there, by the way,

Uzgred, čovek koji vodi tamošnju narodnu banku

won an Ig Nobel prize in mathematics.

dobio je Ig Nobelovu nagradu za matematiku.

The other thing you win is an invitation

Druga stvar koju dobijate je poziv

to come to the ceremony,

da dođete na ceremoniju

which happens at Harvard University.

koja se dešava na univerzitetu Harvard.

And when you get there,

I kad stignete tamo,

you come to Harvard's biggest meeting place and classroom.

dolazite u najveću dvoranu i učionicu na Harvardu.

It fits 1,100 people,

Ona prima 1.100 ljudi,

it's jammed to the gills,

puna je k'o oko,

and up on the stage,

i na bini

waiting to shake your hand,

čeka da vam čestita,

waiting to hand you your Ig Nobel prize,

da vam uruči Ig Nobelovu nagradu

are a bunch of Nobel prize winners.

gomila dobitnika Nobelove nagrade.

That's the heart of the ceremony.

To je srce ceremonije.

The winners are kept secret until that moment,

Pobednici se čuvaju u tajnosti do tog momenta,

even the Nobel laureates who will shake their hand

čak ni nobelovci koji će im čestitati

don't know who they are until they're announced.

ne znaju ko su oni do objavljivanja.

I am going to tell you about just a very few

Reći ću vam samo još za nekoliko

of the other medical-related prizes we've given.

nagrada u vezi sa medicinom koje smo dodelili.

Keep in mind, we've given 230 prizes.

Imajte na umu, dodelili smo 230 nagrada.

There are lots of these people who walk among you.

Ima puno tih ljudi koji hodaju među vama.

Maybe you have one.

Možda i vi imate nekog.

A paper was published about 30 years ago

Rad koji je objavljen pre 30 godina

called "Injuries due to Falling Coconuts."

pod nazivom "Povrede od padajućih kokosovih oraha".

It was written by Dr. Peter Barss,

Napisao ga je dr Piter Bars,

who is Canadian.

koji je Kanađanin.

Dr. Barss came to the ceremony

Dr Bars je došao na ceremoniju

and explained that as a young doctor,

i objasnio da je kao mlad lekar

he wanted to see the world.

hteo da vidi svet.

So he went to Papua New Guinea.

I tako je otišao u Papuu Novu Gvineju.

Kad je stigao tamo, otišao je da radi u bolnici, i zanimalo ga je

When he got there, he went to work in a hospital, and he was curious

what kinds of things happen to people that bring them to the hospital.

kakve stvari se dešavaju ljudima koje tamo dovode.

Pogledao je u kartone i otkrio

He looked through the records, and he discovered

that a surprisingly large number of people

da je iznenađujuće mnogo ljudi

in that hospital were there

u bolnicu došlo

because of injuries due to falling coconuts.

zbog povreda prouzrokovanih padom kokosovih oraha.

One typical thing that happens is

Tipično se dešava

people will come from the highlands, where there are not many coconut trees,

da ljudi sa brda, gde nema mnogo kokosovog drveća,

down to visit their relatives on the coast,

silaze do svojih rođaka na obali,

where there are lots.

gde ga ima mnogo.

And they'll think that a coconut tree

I pomisle da je ispod kokosovog drveta

is a fine place to stand and maybe lie down.

zgodno mesto da se stane ili legne.

A coconut tree that is 90 feet tall,

Kokosovo drvo je visoko 30 metara

and has coconuts that weigh two pounds

sa kokosima od 1 kilograma

that can drop off at any time.

koji mogu da padnu svakog časa.

A team of doctors in Europe

Tim lekara u Evropi

published a series of papers about colonoscopies.

objavio je niz radova o kolonoskopiji.

You're all familiar with colonoscopies,

Poznata vam je kolonoskopija,

one way or another.

ovako ili onako.

Or in some cases,

Ili u nekim slučajevima,

one way and another.

i ovako i onako.

They, in these papers,

U ovim radovima

explained to their fellow doctors who perform colonoscopies,

objašnjavaju svojim kolegama lekarima koji obavljaju kolonoskopiju

how to minimize the chance

kako da smanje rizik

that when you perform a colonoscopy,

da im, kada obavljaju kolonoskopiju,

your patient will explode. (Laughter)

pacijent ne eksplodira. (Smeh)

Dr. Emmanuel Ben-Soussan

Dr Emanuel Ben-Susan,

one of the authors,

jedan od autora,

flew in from Paris to the ceremony,

doleteo je iz Pariza na ceremoniju

where he explained the history of this,

gde je objasnio istoriju toga,

that in the 1950s,

da su pedesetih godina,

when colonoscopies were becoming a common technique for the first time,

kada je kolonoskopija postajala uobičajena tehnika,

people were figuring out how to do it well.

ljudi otkrivali kako da je urade dobro.

And there were some difficulties at first.

U početku je bilo nekih teškoća.

The basic problem, I'm sure you're familiar with,

Osnovni problem, sigurno vam je poznato,

that you're looking inside a long, narrow, dark place.

je taj što gledate u dugačko, usko, mračno mesto.

And so, you want to have a larger space.

Pa onda želite da imate veći prostor.

You add some gas to inflate it

Dodajete malo gasa da ga naduvate,

so you have room to look around.

da biste imali mesta da pogledate okolo.

Now, that's added to the gas, the methane gas,

To je dodatak gasu, metanu,

that's already inside.

koga već ima unutra.

The gas that they used at first, in many cases, was oxygen.

Gas koji su prvobitno koristili bio je kiseonik.

So they added oxygen to methane gas.

Tako da su dodavali kiseonik na metan.

And then they wanted to be able to see,

I onda su želeli da vide,

they needed light,

trebalo im je svetlo,

i stavljali bi izvor svetlosti

so they'd put in a light source,

which in the 1950s was very hot.

koji je '50-tih godina bio jako vruć.

So you had methane gas, which is flammable,

Tako imate metan, koji je zapaljiv,

oxygen and heat.

kiseonik i toplotu.

They stopped using oxygen pretty quickly. (Laughter)

Ubrzo su prestali da koriste kiseonik. (Smeh)

Now it's rare that patients will explode,

Mada je retko da pacijenti eksplodiraju,

but it does still happen.

ipak se dešava.

The final thing that I want to tell you about is a prize

Poslednja stvar koju bih hteo da vam kažem je o nagradi

we gave to Dr. Elena Bodnar.

koju smo dali dr Eleni Bodnar.

Dr. Elena Bodnar invented a brassiere

Dr Elena Bodnar je izumela grudnjak

that in an emergency

koji se u hitnom slučaju

can be quickly separated

može razdvojiti

into a pair of protective face masks.

na dve zaštitne maske za lice.

One to save your life,

Jedna da spase vaš život,

one to save the life of some lucky bystander. (Laughter)

a jedan da da spase život nekog srećnog prolaznika. (Smeh)

Why would someone do this, you might wonder.

Možda se pitate zašto bi neko ovo uradio.

Dr. Bodnar came to the ceremony

Dr Bodnar je došla na ceremoniju

and she explained that she grew up in Ukraine.

i objasnila da je ona odrasla u Ukrajini.

She was one of the doctors who treated victims

Bila je jedan od lekara koji su lečili žrtve

of the Chernobyl power plant meltdown.

černobilske nuklearne katastrofe.

And they later discovered that

I kasnije su otkrili da su

a lot of the worst medical problems

mnogi najteži medicinski problemi

came from the particles people breathed in.

potekli od čestica koje su ljudi udisali.

So she was always thinking after that

Tako da je uvek razmišljala o tome

about could there be some simple mask

da li bi mogla da postoji jednostavna maska

that was available everywhere when the unexpected happens.

koja je svuda dostupna kad se desi neočekivano.

Years later, she moved to America.

Godinama kasnije, preselila se u Ameriku.

She had a baby,

Porodila se.

One day she looked, and on the floor,

Jednog dana je pogledala, i na podu,

her infant son had picked up her bra,

njen mali sin je uzeo njen brushalter

and had her bra on his face.

i stavio ga na lice.

And that's where the idea came from.

I tu je nastala ideja.

She came to the Ig Nobel ceremony

Ona je došla na Ig Nobel ceremoniju

with the first prototype of the bra

sa prvim prototipom grudnjaka

and she demonstrated:

i demonstrirala:

(Laughter) (Applause)

(Smeh) (Aplauz)

["Paul Krugman, Nobel laureate (2008) in economics"]

["Pol Krugman,dobitnik Nobelove nagrade (2008) za ekonomiju"]

["Wolfgang Ketterle, Nobel laureate (2001) in physics"]

["Volfgang Keterle, dobitnik Nobelove nagrade (2001) za fiziku"]

I myself own an emergency bra. (Laughter)

I ja imam grudnjak za hitne slučajeve. (Smeh)

It's my favorite bra,

To je moj omiljeni grudnjak,

but I would be happy to share it with any of you,

ali bi bih ga rado podelio s bilo kim od vas,

should the need arise.

ako bude potrebe.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)