Stanley McChrystal: The military case for sharing knowledge

Prevodilac: Nemanja Aleksić Lektor: Mile Živković

When I was a young officer, they told me

Kao mladom oficiru govorili su mi

to follow my instincts,

da pratim svoje instinkte,

to go with my gut,

da se oslanjam na svoju intuiciju,

and what I've learned

i ono što sam naučio je

is that often our instincts are wrong.

da su često naši instinkti pogrešni.

In the summer of 2010,

Na leto 2010.

there was a massive leak of classified documents

ogromna količina poverljivih dokumenata procurela je u javnost

that came out of the Pentagon.

zahvaljujući izvoru iz Pentagona.

It shocked the world,

Svet je bio šokiran,

it shook up the American government,

vlada SAD je bila uzdrmana,

and it made people ask a lot of questions,

ljudi su počeli da postavljaju mnogo pitanja,

because the sheer amount of information

jer su količina procurelih informacija

that was let out, and the potential impacts,

i potencijalne implikacije

were significant.

bile značajni.

And one of the first questions we asked ourselves

I jedno od prvih pitanja koje smo sebi postavili

was why would a young soldier have access

je zašto bi mladi vojnik imao pristup

to that much information?

tolikim informacijama?

Why would we let sensitive things

Zašto bismo dozvolili da tako osetljive stvari

be with a relatively young person?

budu u rukama relativno mlade osobe?

In the summer of 2003, I was assigned to command

Leta 2003. mi je dodeljena komanda

a special operations task force,

nad specijalnom jedinicom,

and that task force was spread across the Mideast

i ta jedinica je bila poslata širom Bliskog istoka

to fight al Qaeda.

da se bori protiv Al Kaide.

Our main effort was inside Iraq,

Naš glavni napor je bio u Iraku,

and our specified mission

i naša specifična misija

was to defeat al Qaeda in Iraq.

je bila da porazimo Al Kaidu u Iraku.

For almost five years I stayed there,

Skoro pet godina sam bio tamo

and we focused on fighting a war

i fokusirali smo se na vođenje rata

that was unconventional and it was difficult

koji je bio nekonvencionalan i težak

and it was bloody

i bio je krvav

and it often claimed its highest price

i često je uzimao najveći danak

among innocent people.

od nedužnih ljudi.

We did everything we could

Radili smo sve što smo mogli

to stop al Qaeda

da zaustavimo Al Kaidu

and the foreign fighters that came in as suicide bombers

i strane borce koji su dolazili kao bombaši samoubice

and as accelerants to the violence.

i potpirivači nasilja.

We honed our combat skills,

Usavršili smo svoje borbene veštine,

we developed new equipment,

razvijali smo novu opremu,

we parachuted, we helicoptered,

iskakali smo padobranima, spuštali se helikopterima,

we took small boats, we drove, and we walked

putovali čamcima, vozilima, i pešačili smo

to objectives night after night to stop

do ciljeva svake noći da zaustavimo

the killing that this network was putting forward.

ubijanje koje je ova mreža pripremala.

We bled,

Krvarili smo,

we died,

umirali smo

and we killed to stop that organization

i ubijali smo da zaustavimo ovu organizaciju

from the violence that they were putting

i nasilje koje su pripremali

largely against the Iraqi people.

pretežno protiv iračkog naroda.

Now, we did what we knew,

Radili smo ono što smo znali,

how we had grown up, and one of the things that we knew,

kako smo odrasli, i jedna od stvari koje smo znali,

that was in our DNA, was secrecy.

što nam je u krvi, je tajnost.

It was security. It was protecting information.

To je bila bezbednost. Zaštita informacija.

It was the idea that information was the lifeblood

To je bila ideja da je informacija žila kucavica

and it was what would protect and keep people safe.

i da je ona ta koja će zaštititi i sačuvati ljudstvo.

And we had a sense that,

I imali smo osećaj da je,

as we operated within our organizations,

dok smo operisali unutar svojih organizacija,

it was important to keep information

važno da se informacija čuva

in the silos within the organizations,

unutar okvira organizacije,

particularly only give information

pre svega da se daje informacija

to people had a demonstrated need to know.

ljudima kojima ta informacija zapravo treba.

But the question often came, who needed to know?

Ali često bi se postavilo pitanje, kome treba ta informacija?

Who needed, who had to have the information

Kome je bila neophodna, ko je morao da ima tu informaciju

so that they could do the important parts of the job that you needed?

da može da obavi bitne delove posla koji su potrebni da se obave?

And in a tightly coupled world,

A u svetu tesne saradnje

that's very hard to predict.

to je veoma teško predvideti.

It's very hard to know who needs to have information

Veoma je teško znati kome treba ta informacija

and who doesn't.

a kome ne.

I used to deal with intelligence agencies,

Ranije sam sarađivao sa obaveštajnim agencijama,

and I'd complain that they weren't sharing enough intelligence,

i žalio bih se da ne dele dovoljno obaveštajnih podataka,

and with a straight face, they'd look at me and they'd say,

mrtvi ozbiljni bi me pogledali i rekli:

"What aren't you getting?" (Laughter)

"Šta ne dobijaš?" (Smeh)

I said, "If I knew that, we wouldn't have a problem."

Rekao bih im: "Kada bih to znao, ne bismo imali problem."

Otkrili smo da smo morali da uvedemo promene.

But what we found is we had to change.

We had to change our culture about information.

Da promenimo našu kulturu informacija.

We had to knock down walls. We had to share.

Morali smo da srušimo zadove. Da delimo.

We had to change from who needs to know

Morali smo da se promenimo sa ko mora da zna

to the fact that who doesn't know,

na činjenicu da ko ne zna,

and we need to tell, and tell them as quickly as we can.

a treba da zna, treba da mu kažemo što pre.

It was a significant culture shift for an organization

To je bila značajna kulturalna promena za našu organizaciju

that had secrecy in its DNA.

kojoj je tajnovitost u krvi.

Počeli smo tako što smo počeli da radimo stvari, da gradimo,

We started by doing things, by building,

not working in offices,

prestali smo da radimo u kancelarijama,

knocking down walls, working in things we called

rušili smo zidove, radili smo u nečemu

situation awareness rooms,

što smo zvali prostorijama za situacionu svest,

and in the summer of 2007,

i na leto 2007. dogodilo se nešto

something happened which demonstrated this.

što je demonstriralo to.

We captured the personnel records

Zarobili smo lične dosijee

for the people who were bringing foreign fighters

ljudi koji su uvodili strane borce

into Iraq.

u Irak.

And when we got the personnel records, typically,

I kada bismo se dočepali dosijea,

we would have hidden these,

obično bismo ih sakrili,

shared them with a few intelligence agencies,

podelili sa nekoliko obaveštajnih agencija,

and then try to operate with them.

i potom pokušali da radimo sa njima.

But as I was talking to my intelligence officer,

Ali dok sam razgovarao sa obaveštajnim oficirom,

I said, "What do we do?"

rekao sam: "Šta da radimo?"

And he said, "Well, you found them." Our command.

A on je rekao: "Pa ti si ih našao" Naša komanda.

"You can just declassify them."

"Možemo prosto da skinemo oznaku poverljivosti sa njih."

And I said, "Well, can we declassify them?

A ja sam rekao: "Možemo li da uradimo to?

What if the enemy finds out?"

Šta ako neprijatelj sazna?"

And he says, "They're their personnel records."

A on mi reče: "To su njihovi lični dosijei."

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

So we did,

To smo i uradili,

and a lot of people got upset about that,

I mnogo ljudi se uznemirilo zbog toga,

but as we passed that information around,

ali kako smo delili okolo te informacije,

suddenly you find that information is only of value

iznenada smo shvatili da je informacija od vrednosti

if you give it to people who have the ability

samo ako je date ljudima koji imaju mogućnost

to do something with it.

da nešto urade sa njom.

The fact that I know something has zero value

Činjenica da nešto znam nema nikakvu vrednost

if I'm not the person who can actually

ako nisam osoba koja zapravo

make something better because of it.

može da nešto poboljša zahvaljujući tom znanju.

So as a consequence, what we did was

Posledica toga je da smo

we changed the idea of information,

promenili ideju informacije,

instead of knowledge is power,

sa "znanje je moć"

to one where sharing is power.

u "deljenje je moć".

It was the fundamental shift,

To je bila fundamentalna promena,

not new tactics, not new weapons,

a ne nove taktike, ne nova oružja,

not new anything else.

niti bilo šta drugo novo.

It was the idea that we were now part of a team

To je bila ideja da smo sada deo tima

in which information became the essential link

gde je informacija bitna veza

between us, not a block between us.

između nas, a ne barijera među nama.

And I want everybody to take a deep breath

I hoću da svi duboko udahnete

and let it out,

i da izdahnete,

because in your life, there's going to be information

zato što će u vašem životu biti informacija

that leaks out you're not going to like.

koje će iscureti, što vam se neće svideti.

Somebody's going to get my college grades out,

Neko će objaviti moje ocene sa fakulteta

a that's going to be a disaster. (Laughter)

i to će biti katastrofa. (Smeh)

But it's going to be okay, and I will tell you that

Ali biće u redu, i reći ću vam

I am more scared of the bureaucrat

da se više plašim birokrate

that holds information in a desk drawer

koji drži informacije u fioci ili u sefu

or in a safe than I am of someone who leaks,

nego što se plašim nekoga ko pusti informaciju u javnost,

because ultimately, we'll be better off if we share.

jer na kraju krajeva biće nam bolje ako delimo informaciju.

Thank you.

Hvala.

(Aplauz)

(Applause)

Helen Volters: Ne znam da li ste bili ovde jutros,

Helen Walters: So I don't know if you were here this morning,

if you were able to catch Rick Ledgett,

da li ste uspeli da vidite Rika Ledžeta,

the deputy director of the NSA

zamenika direktora NSA,

who was responding to Edward Snowden's talk earlier this week.

koji je odgovarao na govor Edvarda Snoudena ranije ove nedelje.

I just wonder, do you think the American government

Pitam se, da li mislite da vlada SAD

should give Edward Snowden amnesty?

treba da da Edvardu Snoudenu amnestiju?

Stanley McChrystal: I think that Rick said something very important.

Stenli Mekkristal: Mislim da je Rik rekao nešto veoma važno.

We, most people, don't know all the facts.

Mi, većina ljudi, ne znamo sve činjenice.

I think there are two parts of this.

Mislim da ovo ima dva dela.

Edward Snowden shined a light on an important need

Edvard Snouden je skrenuo pažnju na važnu potrebu

that people had to understand.

koju ljudi moraju da razumeju.

He also took a lot of documents that he didn't have

Takođe je uzeo puno dokumenata za koje nije imao svest o značaju,

the knowledge to know the importance of,

so I think we need to learn the facts about this case

tako da mislim da treba da saznamo sve činjenice o ovom slučaju

before we make snap judgments

pre nego što prenaglimo sa zaključcima

about Edward Snowden.

o Edvardu Snoudenu.

HW: Thank you so much. Thank you.

HV: Mnogo Vam hvala. Hvala.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)