Stanley McChrystal: The military case for sharing knowledge

Prevoditelj: Senzos Osijek Recezent: Ivan Stamenković

When I was a young officer, they told me

Kad sam bio mladi časnik, rečeno mi je

to follow my instincts,

da slijedim svoje instikte,

to go with my gut,

da budem hrabar,

and what I've learned

a ono što sam naučio jest

is that often our instincts are wrong.

da su naši instinkti često u krivu.

In the summer of 2010,

U ljeto 2010,

there was a massive leak of classified documents

procurio je veliki broj povjerljivih dokumenata

that came out of the Pentagon.

iz Pentagona.

It shocked the world,

To je šokiralo svijet,

it shook up the American government,

uzdrmalo je američku vladu,

and it made people ask a lot of questions,

a ljudi su počeli postavljati pitanja,

because the sheer amount of information

jer je sama količina informacija

that was let out, and the potential impacts,

koja je puštena kao i potencijalni utjecaji,

were significant.

bili značajni.

And one of the first questions we asked ourselves

Jedno od prvih pitanja koje smo si postavili

was why would a young soldier have access

je bilo zašto bi mladi vojnik imao pristup

to that much information?

tako velikom broju informacija?

Why would we let sensitive things

Zašto bismo dopustili osjetljivim materijalima

be with a relatively young person?

da budu kod relativno mlade osobe?

In the summer of 2003, I was assigned to command

U ljeto 2003., bio sam zapovjednik

a special operations task force,

radne skupine na specijalnom zadatku

and that task force was spread across the Mideast

koja je bila rasprostranjena na Bliskom Istoku

to fight al Qaeda.

kako bi se borila s al Qaeda-om.

Our main effort was inside Iraq,

Naš najveći napor odnosio se na Irak,

and our specified mission

i naša posebna misija

was to defeat al Qaeda in Iraq.

je bila da porazimo al Qaeda-u u Iraku.

For almost five years I stayed there,

Tamo sam ostao gotovo pet godina,

and we focused on fighting a war

i usredotočili smo se na ratovanje

that was unconventional and it was difficult

koje je bilo nekonvencionalno i teško

and it was bloody

bilo je i krvavo

and it often claimed its highest price

a najčešće je uzimalo najviši danak

among innocent people.

među nedužnima.

We did everything we could

Učinili smo sve što smo mogli

to stop al Qaeda

da zaustavimo al Quaeda-u

and the foreign fighters that came in as suicide bombers

i strane borce koji su dolazili kao bombaši samoubojice

and as accelerants to the violence.

i tako pridonosili povećavanju nasilja.

We honed our combat skills,

Usavršavali smo naše borbene vještine,

we developed new equipment,

razvili smo novu opremu,

we parachuted, we helicoptered,

koristili pradobrane i helikoptere,

we took small boats, we drove, and we walked

uzimali smo malene brodove, vozili i hodali

to objectives night after night to stop

prema ciljevima iz noći u noć kako bismo zaustavili

the killing that this network was putting forward.

ubijanje koje je nametnula ova organizacija.

We bled,

Krvarili smo,

we died,

umirali,

and we killed to stop that organization

i ubijali kako bismo spriječili tu organizaciju

from the violence that they were putting

u nasilju kojeg su širili

largely against the Iraqi people.

uglavnom protiv Iračana.

Now, we did what we knew,

Naime, radili smo što smo znali,

how we had grown up, and one of the things that we knew,

kako su nas odgojili, i jedna od stvari koje smo znali,

that was in our DNA, was secrecy.

koja je postojala u našem DNK, jest bila tajnovitost.

It was security. It was protecting information.

Bila je sigurnost. Bila je zaštititi informaciju.

It was the idea that information was the lifeblood

Bila je ideja da je informacija žila kucavica

and it was what would protect and keep people safe.

i ono što treba zaštiti kako bi ljudi bili sigurni.

And we had a sense that,

Imali smo osjećaj za to,

as we operated within our organizations,

djelujući u našim organizacijama,

it was important to keep information

bilo je važno držati informacije

in the silos within the organizations,

u silosima unutar organizacija,

particularly only give information

konkretno, davati ih samo

to people had a demonstrated need to know.

ljudima koji su opravdali svoje zahtjeve za njom.

But the question often came, who needed to know?

Ali postavljalo se pitanje, tko treba znati?

Who needed, who had to have the information

Tko je trebao, tko je morao imati informaciju

so that they could do the important parts of the job that you needed?

kako bi učinili važne dijelove posla koji su tebi koristili?

And in a tightly coupled world,

A u čvrsto grupiranom svijetu,

that's very hard to predict.

to je vrlo teško za predvidjeti.

It's very hard to know who needs to have information

Vrlo je teško znati tko treba imati informaciju

and who doesn't.

a tko ne.

I used to deal with intelligence agencies,

Nekoć sam imao posla s tajnim službama,

and I'd complain that they weren't sharing enough intelligence,

i žalio bih im se da ne dijele dovoljno informacija,

and with a straight face, they'd look at me and they'd say,

i potpuno ozbiljni, oni bi me pogledali i rekli,

"What aren't you getting?" (Laughter)

„Što ne dobivaš?“ (Smijeh)

I said, "If I knew that, we wouldn't have a problem."

Rekao sam, „Da to znam, ne bi imali problema.“

But what we found is we had to change.

Ali ono što smo shvatili jest da bismo se morali promijeniti.

We had to change our culture about information.

Morali bismo promjeniti našu kulturu u odnosu na informacije.

We had to knock down walls. We had to share.

Morali bismo srušiti zidove. Morali bismo dijeliti.

We had to change from who needs to know

Od pretpostavke tko treba znati

to the fact that who doesn't know,

trebali bismo prijeći na to da tko god ne zna,

and we need to tell, and tell them as quickly as we can.

trebali bismo mu otkriti informaciju i to što brže moguće.

It was a significant culture shift for an organization

To je bio značajan kulturalni preokret za organizaciju

that had secrecy in its DNA.

koja je imala tajnovitost u genima.

We started by doing things, by building,

Počeli smo raditi stvari, graditi,

not working in offices,

ne radeći u uredima,

knocking down walls, working in things we called

rušeći zidove, radeći u kako smo ih zvali

situation awareness rooms,

sobama za situacijsko osvještavanje,

and in the summer of 2007,

a u ljeto 2007,

something happened which demonstrated this.

dogodilo se nešto što je demonstriralo to.

We captured the personnel records

Nabavili smo dokumente osoblja

for the people who were bringing foreign fighters

ljudi koji su dovodili strane borce

into Iraq.

u Irak.

And when we got the personnel records, typically,

I kad smo dobili dokumente osoblja, tipično,

we would have hidden these,

sakrili bismo ih,

shared them with a few intelligence agencies,

podijelili ih s nekoliko tajnih službi,

and then try to operate with them.

i onda pokušali djelovati s njima.

But as I was talking to my intelligence officer,

No kako sam pričao sa časnikom svoje službe,

I said, "What do we do?"

Pitao sam „Što ćemo učiniti?“

And he said, "Well, you found them." Our command.

A on je rekao, „Pa, ti si ih pronašao.“ Naše zapovjedništvo.

"You can just declassify them."

„Ti ih možeš učiniti javnima.“

And I said, "Well, can we declassify them?

Ja sam pitao, „Dakle, možemo li ih označiti kao javne?

What if the enemy finds out?"

Što ako neprijatelj sazna?“

And he says, "They're their personnel records."

A on je rekao, „To su dokumenti njihovog osoblja.“

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

So we did,

Stoga i jesmo,

and a lot of people got upset about that,

i mnogo ljudi se uznemirilo zbog toga,

but as we passed that information around,

ali kako se informacija proširila,

suddenly you find that information is only of value

odjednom saznaš da je informacija jedino vrijedna

if you give it to people who have the ability

ako je daš ljudima koji su sposobni

to do something with it.

učiniti nešto s njom.

The fact that I know something has zero value

Činjenica da ja nešto znam nema nikakvu vrijednost

if I'm not the person who can actually

ako ja nisam osoba koja zapravo

make something better because of it.

može nešto poboljšati uz pomoć toga.

So as a consequence, what we did was

Ono što smo napravili, za posljedicu je imalo

we changed the idea of information,

promjenu ideje o informaciji ,

instead of knowledge is power,

umjesto „znanje je moć“,

to one where sharing is power.

u „dijeljenje je moć“.

It was the fundamental shift,

Bila je to temeljna prekretnica,

not new tactics, not new weapons,

nikakva nova taktika, nikakva nova oružja,

not new anything else.

ama baš ništa novo.

It was the idea that we were now part of a team

Bila je to ideja da smo mi sad dio skupine

in which information became the essential link

u kojem je informacija postala osnovna poveznica

between us, not a block between us.

a ne blokada, između nas.

And I want everybody to take a deep breath

I želim da svi duboko udahnete

and let it out,

i izdahnete,

because in your life, there's going to be information

jer će u vašem životu, biti informacija

that leaks out you're not going to like.

koje će procuriti, a vama neće biti drago.

Somebody's going to get my college grades out,

Netko će objelodaniti moje ocjene s fakulteta,

a that's going to be a disaster. (Laughter)

a to bi bila katastrofa. (Smijeh)

But it's going to be okay, and I will tell you that

Ali to će biti u redu, i reći ću vam

I am more scared of the bureaucrat

da se više bojim birokrata

that holds information in a desk drawer

koji drži informaciju u ladici

or in a safe than I am of someone who leaks,

ili u sefu nego nekoga koji ju otkrije,

because ultimately, we'll be better off if we share.

jer na kraju krajeva, bit će nam bolje ako dijelimo.

Thank you.

Hvala.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

Helen Walters: So I don't know if you were here this morning,

Helen Walters: Ne znam jeste li bili ovdje jutros,

if you were able to catch Rick Ledgett,

jeste li uspjeli uhvatiti Ricka Ledgetta,

the deputy director of the NSA

zamjenika direktora NSA

who was responding to Edward Snowden's talk earlier this week.

koji je odgovarao na govor Edwarda Snowedena ranije ovog tjedna.

I just wonder, do you think the American government

Zanima me, smatrate li da američka vlada

should give Edward Snowden amnesty?

treba dati Edwardu amnestiju?

Stanley McChrystal: I think that Rick said something very important.

Stanley McChrystal: Mislim da je Rick rekao nešto vrlo važno.

We, most people, don't know all the facts.

Mi, većina, ne znamo sve činjenice.

I think there are two parts of this.

Držim da postoje dvije strane ovoga.

Edward Snowden shined a light on an important need

Edward Snowden bacio je svijetlo na važnu potrebu

that people had to understand.

koju ljudi trebaju razumijeti.

He also took a lot of documents that he didn't have

On je također uzeo mnogo dokumenata za koje nije imao

the knowledge to know the importance of,

znanja razumijeti njihovu važnost,

so I think we need to learn the facts about this case

stoga mislim da trebamo shvatiti činjenice o ovom slučaju

before we make snap judgments

prije nego li brzamo s osudama

about Edward Snowden.

o Edwardu Snowdenu.

HW: Thank you so much. Thank you.

HW: Hvala puno. Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)