Stanley McChrystal: The military case for sharing knowledge

107,662 views ・ 2014-05-07

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00:12
When I was a young officer, they told me
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to follow my instincts,
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to go with my gut,
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and what I've learned
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is that often our instincts are wrong.
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In the summer of 2010,
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there was a massive leak of classified documents
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that came out of the Pentagon.
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It shocked the world,
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it shook up the American government,
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and it made people ask a lot of questions,
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because the sheer amount of information
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that was let out, and the potential impacts,
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were significant.
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And one of the first questions we asked ourselves
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was why would a young soldier have access
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to that much information?
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Why would we let sensitive things
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be with a relatively young person?
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In the summer of 2003, I was assigned to command
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a special operations task force,
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and that task force was spread across the Mideast
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to fight al Qaeda.
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Our main effort was inside Iraq,
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and our specified mission
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was to defeat al Qaeda in Iraq.
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For almost five years I stayed there,
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and we focused on fighting a war
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that was unconventional and it was difficult
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and it was bloody
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and it often claimed its highest price
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among innocent people.
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We did everything we could
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to stop al Qaeda
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and the foreign fighters that came in as suicide bombers
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and as accelerants to the violence.
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We honed our combat skills,
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we developed new equipment,
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we parachuted, we helicoptered,
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we took small boats, we drove, and we walked
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to objectives night after night to stop
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the killing that this network was putting forward.
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We bled,
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we died,
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and we killed to stop that organization
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from the violence that they were putting
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largely against the Iraqi people.
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Now, we did what we knew,
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how we had grown up, and one of the things that we knew,
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that was in our DNA, was secrecy.
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It was security. It was protecting information.
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It was the idea that information was the lifeblood
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and it was what would protect and keep people safe.
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And we had a sense that,
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as we operated within our organizations,
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it was important to keep information
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in the silos within the organizations,
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particularly only give information
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to people had a demonstrated need to know.
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But the question often came, who needed to know?
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Who needed, who had to have the information
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so that they could do the important parts of the job that you needed?
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And in a tightly coupled world,
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that's very hard to predict.
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It's very hard to know who needs to have information
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and who doesn't.
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I used to deal with intelligence agencies,
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and I'd complain that they weren't sharing enough intelligence,
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and with a straight face, they'd look at me and they'd say,
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"What aren't you getting?" (Laughter)
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I said, "If I knew that, we wouldn't have a problem."
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But what we found is we had to change.
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We had to change our culture about information.
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We had to knock down walls. We had to share.
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We had to change from who needs to know
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to the fact that who doesn't know,
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and we need to tell, and tell them as quickly as we can.
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It was a significant culture shift for an organization
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that had secrecy in its DNA.
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We started by doing things, by building,
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not working in offices,
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knocking down walls, working in things we called
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situation awareness rooms,
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and in the summer of 2007,
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something happened which demonstrated this.
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We captured the personnel records
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for the people who were bringing foreign fighters
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into Iraq.
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And when we got the personnel records, typically,
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we would have hidden these,
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shared them with a few intelligence agencies,
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and then try to operate with them.
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But as I was talking to my intelligence officer,
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I said, "What do we do?"
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And he said, "Well, you found them." Our command.
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"You can just declassify them."
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And I said, "Well, can we declassify them?
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What if the enemy finds out?"
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And he says, "They're their personnel records."
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(Laughter)
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So we did,
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and a lot of people got upset about that,
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but as we passed that information around,
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suddenly you find that information is only of value
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if you give it to people who have the ability
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to do something with it.
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The fact that I know something has zero value
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if I'm not the person who can actually
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make something better because of it.
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So as a consequence, what we did was
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we changed the idea of information,
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instead of knowledge is power,
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to one where sharing is power.
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It was the fundamental shift,
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not new tactics, not new weapons,
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not new anything else.
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It was the idea that we were now part of a team
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in which information became the essential link
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between us, not a block between us.
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And I want everybody to take a deep breath
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and let it out,
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because in your life, there's going to be information
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that leaks out you're not going to like.
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Somebody's going to get my college grades out,
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a that's going to be a disaster. (Laughter)
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But it's going to be okay, and I will tell you that
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I am more scared of the bureaucrat
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that holds information in a desk drawer
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or in a safe than I am of someone who leaks,
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because ultimately, we'll be better off if we share.
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Thank you.
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(Applause)
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Helen Walters: So I don't know if you were here this morning,
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if you were able to catch Rick Ledgett,
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the deputy director of the NSA
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who was responding to Edward Snowden's talk earlier this week.
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I just wonder, do you think the American government
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should give Edward Snowden amnesty?
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Stanley McChrystal: I think that Rick said something very important.
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We, most people, don't know all the facts.
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I think there are two parts of this.
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Edward Snowden shined a light on an important need
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that people had to understand.
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He also took a lot of documents that he didn't have
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the knowledge to know the importance of,
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so I think we need to learn the facts about this case
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before we make snap judgments
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about Edward Snowden.
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HW: Thank you so much. Thank you.
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(Applause)
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