How Your Sense of Smell Helps You Savor Flavor | Body Stuff with Dr. Jen Gunter | TED

96,474 views ・ 2022-10-05

TED


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

00:00
In a recent survey,
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Prevodilac: Una Kavazović Lektor: Milenka Okuka
U nedavnoj anketi,
00:01
a majority of respondents picked their sense of smell
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većina učesnika je izabrala čulo mirisa
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as the one they'd be most willing to give up
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kao ono kog bi se najlakše odrekli
00:07
among the traditional five senses.
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među pet tradicionalnih čula.
00:09
But if you love food,
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Međutim, ako volite hranu,
00:11
you should be giving your nose much more credit.
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trebalo bi da svoj nos mnogo više cenite.
00:14
Because it’s actually our sense of smell
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Jer je zapravo naše čulo mirisa
00:17
that plays a huge role in our ability to process flavor.
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ono koje igra ogromnu ulogu u našoj sposobnosti da obrađujemo ukus.
00:22
[Body Stuff with Dr. Jen Gunter]
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[„Body Stuff” sa dr Džen Ganter]
00:25
First, let's talk about how smell works,
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Prvo, da vidimo kako miris funkcioniše,
00:28
from coffee to stinky trash.
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od kafe do smrdljivog smeća.
00:31
The substances around us give off volatiles,
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Supstance oko nas ispuštaju isparljive materije,
00:34
which you can think of as tiny smell molecules.
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koje možete zamisliti kao sitne molekule mirisa.
00:37
We breathe in these smell molecules,
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Mi udišemo ove molekule mirisa,
00:40
which then stimulate the olfactory sensory neurons
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koji zatim stimulišu olfaktorne senzorne nervne ćelije
00:43
that sit high in the nose.
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koje se nalaze visoko u nosu.
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Each of these neurons contains an odor receptor on its surface.
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Svaka od ovih nervnih ćelija sadrži receptor mirisa na svojoj površini.
00:48
Once the odor receptors are triggered by these smell molecules,
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Kada se receptori mirisa pokrenu zahvaljujući ovim molekulima mirisa,
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the neurons send information about them to the brain.
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nervne ćelije šalju informacije o njima našem mozgu.
00:56
Here's what I think is so cool.
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Evo šta mislim da je baš sjajno.
00:59
The brain not only categorizes that information as a particular odor,
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Mozak ne samo da kategoriše ovu informaciju kao naročit miris,
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it may also begin to associate feelings,
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već može početi da povezuje osećanja,
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like pleasure or disgust and other moods and emotions with that odor
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poput zadovoljstva ili gađenja i drugih raspoloženja i osećanja sa datim mirisom
01:12
for future reference.
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za ubuduće.
01:13
For example, you sniff bacon, you eat it,
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Recimo, pomirišete slaninu, pojedete je,
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your taste buds get salt,
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vaši receptori ukusa prime so,
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and then your body gets a whack of fat,
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i onda vaše telo oseti masnoću,
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which is an energy source.
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što predstavlja izvor energije.
01:23
So the brain loves it and attaches a positive label to it.
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Pošto to mozak voli, prikači mu pozitivnu etiketu.
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The next time you smell bacon,
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Sledeći put kada pomirišete slaninu,
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a sensation associated with pleasure arises.
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senzacija vezana za zadovoljsto se pojavljuje.
01:33
Now, there are a lot of smells out there,
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Sad, postoji dosta mirisa oko nas,
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more than our 400 or so odor receptors can detect.
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više nego što naših otprilike 400 receptora mirisa može prepoznati.
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But people with a healthy working sense of smell
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Međutim, ljudi sa normalnim, funkcionalnim čulom mirisa
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have odor receptors that can combine
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imaju receptore mirisa koji se kombinuju
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to detect anywhere between 10,000
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tako da prepoznaju sve između 10,000
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to more than a trillion different odors.
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i više od biliona različitih mirisa.
01:51
Now, taste is completely different.
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Ipak, ukus je potpuno različit.
01:53
It comes from taste receptors on our tongues and in our mouths.
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On dolazi iz receptora ukusa na našem jeziku i u našim ustima.
01:58
Taste is limited to the basics: salty, sweet, bitter, sour
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Ukus je ograničen u suštini na: slano, slatko, gorko, kiselo
02:03
and, somewhat controversially, umami or savory.
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i, pomalo kontroverzno, umami ili prijatan ukus.
02:06
You can taste without smell,
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Možete imati ukus bez mirisa,
02:08
but anyone with a stuffy nose can attest
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ali bilo ko sa začepljenim nosem može reći
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that's a pretty bland experience.
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da je to prilično bezukusno iskustvo.
02:14
That's because when we eat, for example, chewing pizza,
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To je zato što kada jedemo, na primer, dok žvaćemo picu,
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the pizza releases volatiles that travel from our mouths and throat
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pica ispušta isparljive materije koje putuju od naših usta i grla
02:22
up through the nasal passage.
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kroz nosnu šupljinu.
02:24
There, olfactory neurons get all the complex smells from the pizza
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Tamo, olfaktorne nervne ćelije dobijaju sve složene mirise od pice
02:29
and send that information to the brain.
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i šalju tu informaciju mozgu.
02:31
The smell and taste work together to help us enjoy food.
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Miris i ukus sarađuju kako bi nam pomogli da uživamo u hrani.
02:35
When our nose isn't working properly and food seems flavorless,
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Kada naš nos ne funkcioniše ispravno i hrana se čini bezukusnom,
02:39
it's because we're only tasting those basic tastes
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to je zato što samo osećamo ove osnovne ukuse
02:42
without any of the complex odors detected through smell.
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bez ikakvih složenih mirisa koje naše čulo prepoznaje.
02:45
So the next time you savor an amazing flavor,
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Tako da sledeći put kada uživate u nekom sjajnom ukusu,
02:49
thank your nose.
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zahvalite se svom nosu.
02:50
Our sense of smell is what brings nuance to what we eat.
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Naše čulo mirisa je to što donosi nijanse onome što jedemo.
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