How Your Sense of Smell Helps You Savor Flavor | Body Stuff with Dr. Jen Gunter | TED

83,979 views ・ 2022-10-05

TED


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00:00
In a recent survey,
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翻译人员: Yip Yan Yeung 校对人员: Yan Li Xiao
最近的一个调查表明
00:01
a majority of respondents picked their sense of smell
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大多数的受访者表示 在五官之中
00:04
as the one they'd be most willing to give up
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如果要放弃其中一个的话,
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among the traditional five senses.
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他们会选择嗅觉。
00:09
But if you love food,
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但是如果你热爱美食,
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you should be giving your nose much more credit.
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你就该更重视你的嗅觉。
00:14
Because it’s actually our sense of smell
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因为其实我们的嗅觉
00:17
that plays a huge role in our ability to process flavor.
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对我们品尝味道的能力至关重要。
00:22
[Body Stuff with Dr. Jen Gunter]
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[珍·甘特(Jen Gunter)医生的 Body Stuff 栏目]
00:25
First, let's talk about how smell works,
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首先,我来介绍一下 气味是如何运作的,
00:28
from coffee to stinky trash.
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有咖啡香,也有垃圾的臭味。
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The substances around us give off volatiles,
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我们身边的物质释放着易挥发物,
00:34
which you can think of as tiny smell molecules.
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你可以将其想象成 微小的气味分子。
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We breathe in these smell molecules,
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我们吸入了这些气味分子,
00:40
which then stimulate the olfactory sensory neurons
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然后它们会刺激位于 鼻腔上部的嗅觉神经元。
00:43
that sit high in the nose.
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00:44
Each of these neurons contains an odor receptor on its surface.
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每一个神经元表面 都有一个嗅觉受体。
00:48
Once the odor receptors are triggered by these smell molecules,
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嗅觉受体一受到 气味分子的激发,
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the neurons send information about them to the brain.
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神经元就会将相关信息 发送给大脑。
00:56
Here's what I think is so cool.
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我要分享很酷的一点。
00:59
The brain not only categorizes that information as a particular odor,
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大脑不仅会将这个信息 认定为一种特定的气味,
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it may also begin to associate feelings,
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还会联系情感,
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like pleasure or disgust and other moods and emotions with that odor
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比如高兴、恶心或者 其他与这种气味有关的情绪,
01:12
for future reference.
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供之后使用。
01:13
For example, you sniff bacon, you eat it,
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比如,你闻了闻培根,把它吃了,
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your taste buds get salt,
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你的味蕾尝到了盐,
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and then your body gets a whack of fat,
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你的身体得到了一大坨脂肪,
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which is an energy source.
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也就是能量的来源。
01:23
So the brain loves it and attaches a positive label to it.
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所以大脑很喜欢培根, 给它贴上了一个正向的标签。
01:27
The next time you smell bacon,
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下次你闻到培根的时候,
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a sensation associated with pleasure arises.
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一股喜悦之情就会油然而生。
01:33
Now, there are a lot of smells out there,
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世界上有很多种气味,
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more than our 400 or so odor receptors can detect.
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比我们的嗅觉受体可以检测多余 400 种左右的气味。
01:39
But people with a healthy working sense of smell
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但是嗅觉灵敏的人的
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have odor receptors that can combine
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嗅觉受体可以总共
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to detect anywhere between 10,000
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检测一万至
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to more than a trillion different odors.
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超过一万亿种不同的气味。
01:51
Now, taste is completely different.
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味觉就完全不同了。
01:53
It comes from taste receptors on our tongues and in our mouths.
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味觉来自于我们舌头 和嘴里的味觉受体。
01:58
Taste is limited to the basics: salty, sweet, bitter, sour
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味道只有那么几种: 咸、甜、苦、酸,
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and, somewhat controversially, umami or savory.
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也有人说包括了鲜。
02:06
You can taste without smell,
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虽然没有嗅觉 你也尝得出味道,
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but anyone with a stuffy nose can attest
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但是只要你的鼻子塞住了,
02:12
that's a pretty bland experience.
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你就会知道食之无味。
02:14
That's because when we eat, for example, chewing pizza,
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因为我们吃东西的时候, 比如咀嚼披萨时,
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the pizza releases volatiles that travel from our mouths and throat
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披萨会释放易挥发物, 从我们的嘴、喉咙,
02:22
up through the nasal passage.
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移动到我们的鼻道中。
02:24
There, olfactory neurons get all the complex smells from the pizza
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嗅觉神经元在鼻道中接收 披萨的复杂气味,
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and send that information to the brain.
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将信息传递给大脑。
02:31
The smell and taste work together to help us enjoy food.
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嗅觉和味觉合力 让我们可以享受美食。
02:35
When our nose isn't working properly and food seems flavorless,
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我们的鼻子出问题的时候, 食物就会尝起来没有味道,
02:39
it's because we're only tasting those basic tastes
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因为我们只尝到了 这些基础味道,
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without any of the complex odors detected through smell.
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没有来自嗅觉的复杂气味。
02:45
So the next time you savor an amazing flavor,
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下次你尝到惊为天人的 味道的时候,
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thank your nose.
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感谢你的鼻子吧。
02:50
Our sense of smell is what brings nuance to what we eat.
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我们的嗅觉是食物的点睛之笔。
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