How Your Sense of Smell Helps You Savor Flavor | Body Stuff with Dr. Jen Gunter | TED

96,474 views

2022-10-05 ใƒป TED


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How Your Sense of Smell Helps You Savor Flavor | Body Stuff with Dr. Jen Gunter | TED

96,474 views ใƒป 2022-10-05

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
In a recent survey,
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ืชืจื’ื•ื: Hagit Aleinikov ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Ido Dekkers
ืœืคื™ ืกืงืจ ืขื“ื›ื ื™,
00:01
a majority of respondents picked their sense of smell
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ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื—ืจื• ื‘ื—ื•ืฉ ื”ืจื™ื— ืฉืœื”ื
00:04
as the one they'd be most willing to give up
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ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฉ ืฉืขืœื™ื• ื”ื ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœื•ื•ืชืจ
00:07
among the traditional five senses.
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ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ืžืฉืช ื”ื—ื•ืฉื™ื โ€œื”ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ื™ืโ€œ.
00:09
But if you love food,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืืชื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืื•ื›ืœ,
00:11
you should be giving your nose much more credit.
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ืขืœื™ื›ื ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืืช ื”ืืฃ ืฉืœื›ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
00:14
Because itโ€™s actually our sense of smell
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื“ื•ื•ืงื ื—ื•ืฉ ื”ืจื™ื— ืฉืœื ื•
00:17
that plays a huge role in our ability to process flavor.
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ื”ื•ื ื–ื” ืฉืžืžืœื ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœืขื‘ื“ ื˜ืขืžื™ื.
00:22
[Body Stuff with Dr. Jen Gunter]
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[ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื’ื•ืฃ ืขื ื“โ€ณืจ ื’โ€™ืŸ ื’ื•ื ืชืจ]
00:25
First, let's talk about how smell works,
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ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืื™ืš ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ืจื™ื—,
00:28
from coffee to stinky trash.
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ืžืงืคื” ื•ืขื“ ืืฉืคื” ืžืฆื—ื™ื ื”.
00:31
The substances around us give off volatiles,
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ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืกื‘ื™ื‘ื ื• ืคื•ืœื˜ื™ื ืชืจื›ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ืงืจืื•ืช ื ื“ื™ืคื™ื,
00:34
which you can think of as tiny smell molecules.
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ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื›ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื•ืช ืจื™ื— ื–ืขื™ืจื•ืช.
00:37
We breathe in these smell molecules,
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ืื ื• ืฉื•ืืคื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื” ืืช ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืจื™ื— ื”ืœืœื•,
00:40
which then stimulate the olfactory sensory neurons
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ืืฉืจ ืžืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ื ื•ื™ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืฉ ื”ืจื™ื—
00:43
that sit high in the nose.
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ื”ืžืžื•ืงืžื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ืืฃ.
00:44
Each of these neurons contains an odor receptor on its surface.
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ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื•ื™ืจื•ื ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืžื›ื™ืœ ืงื•ืœื˜ืŸ ืจื™ื—.
00:48
Once the odor receptors are triggered by these smell molecules,
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ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืจื™ื— ืžืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืงื•ืœื˜ื ื™ื,
00:53
the neurons send information about them to the brain.
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ื”ื ื•ื™ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉื•ืœื—ื™ื ืžื™ื“ืข ืื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืœืžื•ื—.
00:56
Here's what I think is so cool.
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ื”ื ื” ืžื” ืฉืžืžืฉ ืžื“ืœื™ืง ืœื“ืขืชื™,
00:59
The brain not only categorizes that information as a particular odor,
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ื”ืžื•ื— ืœื ืจืง ืžืกื•ื•ื’ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื” ื›ืจื™ื— ืžืกื•ื™ื,
01:03
it may also begin to associate feelings,
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ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื’ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืงืฉืจ ืืœื™ื• ืจื’ืฉื•ืช,
01:06
like pleasure or disgust and other moods and emotions with that odor
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ื›ืžื• ื”ื ืื” ืื• ื’ื•ืขืœ, ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฆื‘ื™ ืจื•ื— ื•ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื ืขื ื”ืจื™ื— ื”ื–ื”
01:12
for future reference.
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ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืขืชื™ื“ื™.
01:13
For example, you sniff bacon, you eat it,
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืืชื ืžืจื™ื—ื™ื ื‘ื™ื™ืงื•ืŸ, ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ืื•ืชื•,
01:17
your taste buds get salt,
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ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ืช (ืคืงืขื™ื•ืช) ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืœื›ื ืžืงื‘ืœื•ืช ืžืœื—,
01:19
and then your body gets a whack of fat,
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ื•ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืžืงื‘ืœ โ€œืžื›ื”โ€ ืฉืœ ืฉื•ืžืŸ,
01:21
which is an energy source.
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ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ื–ื”ื• ืžืงื•ืจ ืื ืจื’ื™ื”.
01:23
So the brain loves it and attaches a positive label to it.
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ืื– ื”ืžื•ื— ืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ื–ื” ื•ืžืฉื™ื™ืš ืœื›ืš ืชื•ื•ื™ืช ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช.
01:27
The next time you smell bacon,
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ื‘ืคืขื ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉืชืจื™ื—ื• ื‘ื™ื™ืงื•ืŸ,
01:30
a sensation associated with pleasure arises.
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ืชืชืขื•ืจืจ ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื” ื‘ื”ื ืื”.
01:33
Now, there are a lot of smells out there,
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ื›ื™ื“ื•ืข, ื™ืฉ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ืจื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื,
01:35
more than our 400 or so odor receptors can detect.
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื” ืฉื‘ืขืจืš 400 ืงื•ืœื˜ื ื™ ื”ืจื™ื— ืฉืœื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื–ื”ื•ืช .
01:39
But people with a healthy working sense of smell
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ืืš ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ื—ื•ืฉ ืจื™ื— ื‘ืจื™ื
01:42
have odor receptors that can combine
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ื™ืฉ ืงื•ืœื˜ื ื™ ืจื™ื— ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืœื‘
01:45
to detect anywhere between 10,000
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ื•ื›ืš ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ 10,000 ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื˜ืจื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืจื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
01:48
to more than a trillion different odors.
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01:51
Now, taste is completely different.
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ืขื ื”ื˜ืขื ื–ื” ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื—ืจ ืœื’ืžืจื™.
01:53
It comes from taste receptors on our tongues and in our mouths.
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ื”ื•ื ืžื’ื™ืข ืžืงื•ืœื˜ื ื™ ื˜ืขื ืขืœ ื”ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ื•ื‘ืคื” ืฉืœื ื•.
01:58
Taste is limited to the basics: salty, sweet, bitter, sour
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ื”ื˜ืขื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ ืœื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช: ืžืœื•ื—, ืžืชื•ืง, ืžืจ, ื—ืžื•ืฅ
02:03
and, somewhat controversially, umami or savory.
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ื•ืฉื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ืžื”, ืื•ืžืžื™ ืื• ืžืชื•ื‘ืœ.
02:06
You can taste without smell,
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœื˜ืขื•ื ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืจื™ื—,
02:08
but anyone with a stuffy nose can attest
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืขื ืืฃ ืกืชื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืขื™ื“ ืฉื–ื• ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื“ื™ ืชืคืœื”.
02:12
that's a pretty bland experience.
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02:14
That's because when we eat, for example, chewing pizza,
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ื–ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื• ืื•ื›ืœื™ื, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืœื•ืขืกื™ื ืคื™ืฆื”,
02:18
the pizza releases volatiles that travel from our mouths and throat
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ื”ืคื™ืฆื” ืžืฉื—ืจืจืช ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื ื“ื™ืคื™ื ืฉืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื”ืคื” ื•ื”ื’ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•
02:22
up through the nasal passage.
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ืœืžืขืœื” ื“ืจืš ืžืขื‘ืจ ื”ืืฃ.
02:24
There, olfactory neurons get all the complex smells from the pizza
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ืฉื, ื ื•ื™ืจื•ื ื™ ื”ืจื™ื— ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืจื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืžื”ืคื™ืฆื”
02:29
and send that information to the brain.
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ื•ืฉื•ืœื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื” ืœืžื•ื—.
02:31
The smell and taste work together to help us enjoy food.
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ื”ืจื™ื— ื•ื”ื˜ืขื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžืื•ื›ืœ.
02:35
When our nose isn't working properly and food seems flavorless,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืืฃ ืฉืœื ื• ืื™ื ื• ืคื•ืขืœ ื›ืจืื•ื™ ื•ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ื ืจืื” ื—ืกืจ ื˜ืขื,
02:39
it's because we're only tasting those basic tastes
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ื–ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื˜ื•ืขืžื™ื ืจืง ืืช ื”ื˜ืขืžื™ื ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื
02:42
without any of the complex odors detected through smell.
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ืœืœื ืจื™ื—ื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื›ืœืœ ืฉื–ื•ื”ื• ื“ืจืš ื”ืจื™ื—.
02:45
So the next time you savor an amazing flavor,
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ืื– ื‘ืคืขื ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉืืชื ืžืชืขื ื’ื™ื ืขืœ ื˜ืขื ืžื“ื”ื™ื,
02:49
thank your nose.
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ืชื•ื“ื• ืœืืฃ ืฉืœื›ื.
02:50
Our sense of smell is what brings nuance to what we eat.
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ื—ื•ืฉ ื”ืจื™ื— ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื•ื ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ื ื™ื•ืื ืกื™ื ืœืื•ื›ืœ ืฉืœื ื•.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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