Richard Resnick: Welcome to the genomic revolution

225,112 views ・ 2011-09-15

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Jeongyob Park κ²€ν† : Bianca Lee
μ•ˆλ…•ν•˜μ„Έμš”,
00:16
Ladies and gentlemen,
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00:17
I present to you the human genome.
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μ €λŠ” 인간 κ²Œλ†ˆμ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ λ°œν‘œν•΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:19
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
00:23
Chromosome one -- top left, bottom right -- are the sex chromosomes.
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λ§¨μœ„ μ™Όμͺ½μ— μžˆλŠ” 것이 1번 μ—Όμƒ‰μ²΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
맨밑에 였λ₯Έμͺ½μ— μžˆλŠ” 것은 μ„± μ—Όμƒ‰μ²΄λ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:27
Women have two copies of that big X chromosome;
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여성뢄듀은 μ €κΈ° 큰 X 염색체λ₯Ό λ‘κ°œ 가지고 있죠
남성뢄듀은 X 염색체와
00:30
men have the X and, of course, that small copy of the Y.
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그리고 λ‹Ήμ—°νžˆ, μ € μž‘μ€ Y 염색체λ₯Ό 가지고 있죠
00:33
Sorry boys, but it's just a tiny little thing that makes you different.
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μ£„μ†‘ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€, μ € μž‘μ€κ²Œ μ„±λ³„μ˜ 차이λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 것이죠
00:37
So if you zoom in on this genome,
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이 κ²Œλ†ˆμ„ ν™•λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ 보면,
00:40
then what you see, of course, is this double-helix structure --
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이런 이쀑 λ‚˜μ„  ꡬ쑰가 λ‚˜μ˜€μ£ --
00:43
the code of life spelled out with these four biochemical letters,
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4개의 생화학적 기호λ₯Ό 뢙인 생λͺ…μ˜ μ½”λ“œμ΄λ©°
ν˜Ήμ€ μ—ΌκΈ°μ„œμ—΄μ΄λΌκ³  ν•˜λŠ”λ°
00:46
or we call them bases: A, C, G and T.
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λ°”λ‘œ A, C, G 와 T μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:49
How many are there in the human genome? Three billion.
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인간 κ²Œλ†ˆμ•ˆμ— λͺ‡κ°œλ‚˜ μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”? 30μ–΅κ°œ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:51
Is that a big number?
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μ—„μ²­λ‚˜κ²Œ λ§Žλ‚˜μš”?
00:53
Well, everybody can throw around big numbers.
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κΈ€μ„Έμš”, μ‚¬λžŒμ— 따라 λ§Žμ„ μˆ˜λ„ 있죠.
00:55
But in fact, if I were to place one base
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ œκ°€ μ—ΌκΈ°μ„œμ—΄ ν•œκ°œμ”©μ„
00:57
on each pixel of this 1280x800-resolution screen,
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1280 X 800 해상도 μŠ€ν¬λ¦°μ— μžˆλŠ” ν”½μ…€ν•˜λ‚˜μ— λ†“λŠ”λ‹€λ©΄
이 κ²Œλ†ˆμ„ 보기 μœ„ν•΄μ„œ 3000 개의 슀크린이 ν•„μš”ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:01
we would need 3,000 screens to take a look at the genome.
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이건 정말 ν°κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:04
So it's really quite big.
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01:05
And perhaps because of its size,
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그리고 μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 크기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—,
01:07
a group of people -- all, by the way, with Y chromosomes --
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일련의 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄, 그런데 μ „λΆ€ Y 염색체λ₯Ό 가진 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄μ—ˆμ–΄μš”,
01:10
decided they would want to sequence it.
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μ—ΌκΈ°μ„œμ—΄ 뢄석을 ν•΄λ³΄μžκ³  κ²°μ‹¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:12
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
01:14
And so 15 years, actually, and about four billion dollars later,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 15λ…„μ˜ μ‹œκ°„κ³Ό μ•½ 40μ–΅ λ‹¬λŸ¬μ˜ λΉ„μš©μ΄ μ†Œμš”λ˜μ–΄,
01:17
the genome was sequenced and published.
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κ²Œλ†ˆ μ—ΌκΈ°μ„œμ—΄μ΄ λΆ„μ„λ˜μ—ˆκ³  λ°œν‘œλ˜μ—ˆμ£ .
01:19
In 2003, the final version was published, and they keep working on it.
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2003년에 μ΅œμ’… 버전이 λ°œν‘œλ˜μ—ˆκ³ , μ§€κΈˆλ„ 계속 연ꡬ가 μ§„ν–‰μ€‘μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
κ·Έ μž‘μ—…μ€ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ 생긴 κΈ°κ³„λ‘œ ν•œκ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:23
That was all done on a machine like this.
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ν•œ μ—ΌκΈ°λ‹Ή 1λ‹¬λŸ¬μ •λ„ λ“€μ—ˆλŠ”λ°μš”
01:25
It costs about a dollar for each base -- a very slow way of doing it.
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μ•„μ£Ό 느린 μž‘μ—…μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:28
Well, folks, I'm here to tell you
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μ œκ°€ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ»˜ μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬λŠ” 건
01:30
that the world has completely changed,
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세상은 μ™„μ „νžˆ λ°”λ€Œμ—ˆκ³ 
01:32
and none of you know about it.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ 아무도 κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λŠ” κ±Έ λͺ¨λ₯Έλ‹€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:34
So now what we do is take a genome,
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μš”μ¦˜μ—λŠ” κ²Œλ†ˆν•˜λ‚˜λ₯Ό 가지고
01:36
we make maybe 50 copies of it,
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50개 μ •λ„μ˜ 볡사볡을 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ„œ
01:38
we cut all those copies up into little 50-base reads,
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이 λͺ¨λ“  볡사본을 50개의 μ—ΌκΈ°μ„œμ—΄ λ‹¨μœ„λ‘œ 잘게 μžλ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:41
and then we sequence them, massively parallel.
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그리곀 λŒ€λŸ‰μœΌλ‘œ λ™μ‹œμ— μ„œμ—΄λΆ„μ„μ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:43
Then we bring that into software and reassemble it,
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λ‹€μŒμ€ μ†Œν”„νŠΈμ›¨μ–΄λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•΄μ„œ,
λ‹€μ‹œ μž¬κ²°ν•©μ„ μ‹œμΌœμ„œ μ™„μ„±λœ 전체λ₯Ό μ–»κ²Œ 되죠.
01:46
and tell you what the story is.
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그게 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ˜λŠ”μ§€ 잠깐 말씀을 λ“œλ¦¬μžλ©΄,
01:48
So to give you a picture of what this looks like,
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01:50
the Human Genome Project: 3 gigabases, right?
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인간 κ²Œλ†ˆ ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈλŠ” 3 κΈ°κ°€λ² μ΄μŠ€ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이런 기계 ν•˜λ‚˜λ₯Ό 돌리면
01:53
One run on one of these modern machines: 200 gigabases in a week.
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일주일에 200 κΈ°κ°€λ² μ΄μŠ€λ₯Ό μ²˜λ¦¬ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:57
And that 200 is going to change to 600 this summer,
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이번 μ—¬λ¦„μ—λŠ” 200μ—μ„œ 600 κΈ°κ°€λ² μ΄μŠ€ μˆ˜μ€€μœΌλ‘œ μ—…κ·Έλ ˆμ΄λ“œ 될 것이고,
02:00
and there's no sign of this pace slowing.
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이런 증가세가 늦좰질 κΈ°λ―ΈλŠ” 보이지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:03
The price of a base, to sequence a base,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ κ°œλ³„ μ—ΌκΈ°μ„œμ—΄μ„ λΆ„μ„ν•˜λŠ” λΉ„μš©μ€
02:06
has fallen 100 million times.
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1μ–΅λ°°λ‚˜ λ–¨μ–΄μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:09
That's the equivalent of you filling up your car with gas in 1998,
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이건 1998년에 μ£Όμœ μ†Œμ—μ„œ 차에 기름을 λ„£κ³ 
2011λ…„κΉŒμ§€ κ°€λŠ”κ±°μ£ ,
02:13
waiting until 2011,
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02:14
and now you can drive to Jupiter and back twice.
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그러면 λͺ©μ„±κΉŒμ§€ λ‘λ²ˆ 왕볡할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:16
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
02:21
World population,
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세계 인ꡬ,
컴퓨터 λ³΄κΈ‰λŒ€μˆ˜,
02:24
PC placements,
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02:25
the archive of all of medical literature,
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λͺ¨λ“  의료 λ¬Έν—ŒκΈ°λ‘,
02:28
Moore's law,
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무어 법칙,
02:30
the old way of sequencing,
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μ˜›λ‚  뢄석방법, 그리고 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ λΆ„μ„λ²•λ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:32
and here's all the new stuff.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ μ—¬κΈ° 둜그 μŠ€μΌ€μΌμ΄ λ³΄μ΄μ‹œμ£ .
02:34
Guys, this is a long scale;
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02:35
you don't typically see lines that go up like that.
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보톡 선이 μ €λŸ° μ‹μœΌλ‘œ μ˜¬λΌκ°€μ§€λŠ” μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:38
So the worldwide capacity to sequence human genomes
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μ „μ„Έκ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ μΈκ°„κ²Œλ†ˆμ„ μ„œμ—΄λΆ„μ„ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 처리λŠ₯λ ₯은
μ˜¬ν•΄ μ•„λ§ˆ 5λ§Œμ—μ„œ 10만 κ²Œλ†ˆ μ •λ„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:42
is something like 50,000 to 100,000 human genomes this year.
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μ„€μΉ˜λ˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” μ„œμ—΄λΆ„μ„κΈ°κ³„λ“€μ„ 보면 이런 계산이 λ‚˜μ˜΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:45
We know this based on the machines that are being placed.
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μ΄λŠ” ν•΄λ§ˆλ‹€ 두배, μ„Έλ°°, μ•„λ§ˆλ„ λ„€λ°°μ”©
02:48
This is expected to double, triple or maybe quadruple
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02:50
year over year for the foreseeable future.
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κ°€κΉŒμš΄ λ―Έλž˜μ— 증가할 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:52
In fact, there's one lab in particular
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사싀 νŠΉμ •ν•œ μ—°κ΅¬μ†Œκ°€
02:54
that represents 20 percent of all that capacity:
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세계 전체 처리λŠ₯λ ₯의 20% 정도λ₯Ό λ‹΄λ‹Ήν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:57
It's called the Beijing Genomics Institute.
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λ°”λ‘œ 베이징 μœ μ „μ²΄ν•™ μ—°κ΅¬μ†Œμ΄μ£ 
03:00
The Chinese are absolutely winning this race to the new Moon, by the way.
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쀑ꡭ은 μ •λ§λ‘œ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ λ‹¬λ‘œ κ°€λŠ” κ²½μŸμ—μ„œ μ™„μ „νžˆ μ•žμ„œλ‚˜κ°€κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:04
What does this mean for medicine?
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μ˜ν•™μ—λŠ” μ–΄λ–€ μ˜λ―Έκ°€ μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
03:06
So a woman, age 37,
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37μ„Έμ˜ ν•œ 여성이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ—μŠ€νŠΈλ‘œκ² 수용체 μ–‘μ„± μœ λ°©μ•” 2κΈ°μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:09
presents with stage 2 estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer.
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03:12
She is treated with surgery, chemotherapy and radiation.
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수술, ν™”ν•™μΉ˜λ£Œ, 방사선 치료λ₯Ό λ°›κ³ 
03:15
She goes home.
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퇴원을 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:17
Two years later,
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2년후에 3κΈ° λ‚œμ†Œμ•”μ— κ±Έλ € μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:18
she comes back with stage 3C ovarian cancer, unfortunately;
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λΆˆν–‰νžˆ λ‹€μ‹œ 수술과 ν™”ν•™μΉ˜λ£Œλ₯Ό λ°›μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:21
treated again with surgery and chemotherapy.
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03:23
She comes back three years later at age 42
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3λ…„λ’€ 42살이 λ˜μ—ˆμ„ λ•Œ
더 λ§Žμ€ λ‚œμ†Œ 암이 μƒκ²¨μ„œ 더 λ§Žμ€ ν™”ν•™μΉ˜λ£Œλ₯Ό λ°›κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:26
with more ovarian cancer, more chemotherapy.
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03:28
Six months later,
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6달 ν›„μ—”
03:30
she comes back with acute myeloid leukemia.
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κΈ‰μ„± κ³¨μˆ˜μ„± λ°±ν˜ˆλ³‘μ— κ±Έλ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:34
She goes into respiratory failure and dies eight days later.
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ν˜Έν‘λΆ€μ „μ΄ μ™”κ³  8일 후에 μ‚¬λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:37
So first: the way in which this woman was treated,
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κ·Έλ…€κ°€ 받은 μΉ˜λ£ŒλŠ” μ•„λ§ˆ μ•žμœΌλ‘œ 10년도 μ•ˆλ˜μ„œ
03:40
in as little as 10 years, will look like bloodletting.
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μ•„λ§ˆ 방혈처럼 보일 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:43
And it's because of people like my colleague, Rick Wilson,
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그건 μ›Œμ‹±ν„΄ λŒ€ν•™κ΅μ˜ κ²Œλ†ˆ μ—°κ΅¬μ†Œμ— μžˆλŠ” 제 λ™λ£ŒμΈ λ¦­ 윌슨과
같은 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄
03:46
at the Genome Institute at Washington University,
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03:48
who decided to take a look at this woman postmortem.
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사후에 이 여성에 λŒ€ν•΄ 연ꡬλ₯Ό ν•˜κΈ° κ²°μ •ν–ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
κ·ΈλŠ” μ„œμ—΄ 뢄석을 ν–ˆμŠ¨λ°, κ±΄κ°•ν•œ ν”ΌλΆ€ 세포와
03:51
And he took skin cells, healthy skin
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03:53
and cancerous bone marrow,
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μ•” 골수λ₯Ό μ±„μ·¨ν•΄μ„œ
03:55
and sequenced the whole genomes of both of them
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전체 κ²Œλ†ˆμ˜ μ„œμ—΄ 뢄석을
λͺ‡ μ£Όλ™μ•ˆ ν–ˆλŠ”λ°, 그리 큰 일을 μ•„λ‹ˆμ—ˆμ£ .
03:58
in a couple of weeks, no big deal.
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04:00
Then he compared those two genomes in software,
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κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ λŠ” 이 κ²Œλ†ˆλ“€μ„ μ†ŒνŠΈνŠΈμ›¨μ–΄λ‘œ 비ꡐ해본 κ²°κ³Ό
04:02
and what he found, among other things,
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μ—¬λŸ¬ 가지쀑에 λ°œκ²¬ν•œ 것은
04:04
was a deletion -- a 2,000-base deletion across three billion bases
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μ—Όμƒ‰μ²΄μ˜ κ²°μ‹€μ΄μ—ˆλŠ”λ°μš”
3μ‹­μ–΅ 염기쀑에 2천 μ—ΌκΈ°κ°€ κ²°μ‹€λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
04:08
in a particular gene called TP53.
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그것도 특히 TP53μ΄λΌλŠ” μœ μ „μžμ—μ„œ 말이죠.
만일 이 μœ μ „μžμ— μœ ν•΄ν•œ λŒμ—°λ³€μ΄κ°€ 생긴닀면
04:11
If you have this deleterious mutation in this gene,
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04:13
you're 90 percent likely to get cancer in your life.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ μ‚΄λ©΄μ„œ 암에 걸릴 ν™•λ₯ μ΄ 90%κ°€ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:16
So unfortunately, this doesn't help this woman,
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λΆˆν–‰νžˆλ„, 이것은 κ·Έ μ—¬μ„±λΆ„μ—κ²ŒλŠ” 아무 도움도 μ•ˆλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€,
04:18
but it does have severe -- profound, if you will --
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이것은 κ·Έλ…€μ˜ κ°€μ‘±λ“€μ—κ²ŒλŠ”
04:21
implications to her family.
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μ—„μ²­λ‚œ 영ν–₯λ ₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
만일 κ·Έ 가쑱듀이 λ˜‘κ°™μ€ λŒμ—°λ³€μ΄κ°€ μžˆλ‹€λ©΄,
04:24
I mean, if they have the same mutation,
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04:25
and they get this genetic test and they understand it,
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μœ μ „μž ν…ŒμŠ€νŠΈλ₯Ό ν†΅ν•΄μ„œ κ·Έκ±Έ μ•Œκ²Œ 될거고,
04:28
then they can get regular screens and can catch cancer early,
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정기적인 검사λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•΄μ„œ 암을 빨리 λ°œκ²¬ν•΄ λ‚΄κ² μ£ 
04:31
and potentially live a significantly longer life.
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그리고 μ•„λ§ˆλ„ 훨씬 더 였래 μ‚΄ 수 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:33
Let me introduce you to the Beery twins,
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μ΄λ²ˆμ—λŠ” 비어리 쌍λ‘₯이λ₯Ό μ†Œκ°œν•˜κ² λŠ”λ°μš”,
04:35
diagnosed with cerebral palsy at the age of two.
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λ‘μ‚΄λ•Œ λ‡Œμ„±λ§ˆλΉ„ 진단을 λ°›μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ• λ“€μ˜ μ—„λ§ˆλŠ” 맀우 μš©κ°ν•œ μ—¬μ„±μœΌλ‘œ
04:38
Their mom is a very brave woman who didn't believe it;
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증상이 λ“€μ–΄ λ§žμ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•΄μ„œ
04:40
the symptoms weren't matching up.
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μ—„μ²­λ‚œ λ…Έλ ₯κ³Ό λ§Žμ€ 인터넷 검색을 톡해
04:42
And through some heroic efforts and a lot of Internet searching,
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μ˜ν•™κ³„μ— κ·Έ 쌍λ‘₯이듀이
04:45
she was able to convince the medical community
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λ­”κ°€, 사싀, λ‹€λ₯Έκ²Œ μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ±Έ λ‚©λ“μ‹œμΌ°μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:47
that, in fact, they had something else.
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κ·Έ 애듀이 가진 건 λ„νŒŒλ°˜μ‘ 근윑긴μž₯μ΄μƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:49
They had dopa-responsive dystonia.
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04:51
And so they were given L-Dopa,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ L-Dopaμ²˜λ°©μ„ λ°›μ•˜κ³ ,
04:53
and their symptoms did improve,
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증상은 ν˜Έμ „λ˜μ—ˆμ£ ,
04:55
but they weren't totally asymptomatic.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ™„μ „νžˆ μΉ˜μœ λ˜μ§€λŠ” μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:57
Significant problems remained.
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μ€‘μš”ν•œ λ¬Έμ œλŠ” 남아 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:59
Turns out the gentleman in this picture is a guy named Joe Beery,
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μ—¬κΈ° 사진에 λ‚¨μžλŠ” μ‘° 비어리라고 ν•˜λŠ”λ°,
μš΄μ’‹κ²Œλ„ Lift TechnologiesλΌλŠ” νšŒμ‚¬μ˜
05:02
who was lucky enough to be the CIO
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CIOκ°€ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:04
of a company called Life Technologies.
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이 νšŒμ‚¬λŠ” μ „μž₯μ„œμ—΄ 뢄석도ꡬλ₯Ό
05:06
They're one of two companies
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05:07
that makes these massive whole-genome sequencing tools.
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λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 두 νšŒμ‚¬ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:10
And so he got his kids sequenced.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μžμ‹ μ˜ μ•„μ΄λ“€μ˜ μ—ΌκΈ°μ„œμ—΄λΆ„μ„μ„ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:13
What they found was a series of mutations in a gene called SPR,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 일련의 λŒμ—°λ³€μ΄λ₯Ό SPR이라고 ν•˜λŠ” μœ μ „μžμ—μ„œ μ°Ύμ•˜λŠ”λ°,
μ΄λŠ” μ„Έλ‘œν† λ‹Œμ„ μƒμ„±ν•˜λŠ” 역할을 ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:17
which is responsible for producing serotonin, among other things.
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05:20
So on top of L-Dopa, they gave these kids a serotonin precursor drug,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ L-Dopa에 μΆ”κ°€ν•΄μ„œ μ•„μ΄λ“€μ—κ²Œ μ„Έλ‘œν† λ‹Œ 전ꡬ체 약을 μ²˜λ°©ν–ˆκ³ ,
05:23
and they're effectively normal now.
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아이듀은 이제 사싀상 μ •μƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:25
Guys, this would never have happened without whole-genome sequencing.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„, 이런 일은 κ²Œλ†ˆ μ„œμ—΄λΆ„μ„μ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆμ—ˆμœΌλ©΄ λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν–ˆμ„ μΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
그리고 κ·Έλ•ŒλŠ” 뢈과 λͺ‡λ…„μ „μ΄μ—ˆλŠ”λ°λ„ λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³  10λ§ŒλΆˆμ΄λ‚˜ λ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:29
At the time -- this was a few years ago -- it cost $100,000.
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μ§€κΈˆμ€ 1만뢈이고 λ‚΄λ…„μ—λŠ” 1천뢈이면 λ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:31
Today it's $10,000, next year, $1,000,
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μ•„λ§ˆλ„ ν•œλ‘ν•΄ 차이가 μžˆκ² μ§€λ§Œ κ·Έ λ‹€μŒν•΄λŠ” 1백뢈이면 λ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:33
the year after, $100, give or take a year.
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ 빨리 움직이고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:35
That's how fast this is moving.
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자 이제 꼬마 λ‹‰μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
05:37
So here's little Nick --
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배트맨과 물총을 μ’‹μ•„ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:39
likes Batman and squirt guns.
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05:40
And it turns out Nick shows up at the children's hospital
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닉이 어린이 병원에 μ™”μ„λ•Œ
05:44
with this distended belly, like a famine victim.
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κ΅Άμ£Όλ¦° μ•„μ΄μ²˜λŸΌ λ°°κ°€ λΆˆλ£©ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:46
And it's not that he's not eating; it's that when he eats,
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그건 이 아이가 μ•ˆλ¨Ήμ–΄μ„œ 그런게 μ•„λ‹ˆκ³ ,
아이가 먹으면 μž₯이 μ—΄λ €μ„œ
05:49
his intestine basically opens up and feces spill out into his gut.
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배섀물이 배둜 λ“€μ–΄κ°€λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ μˆ˜μˆ μ„ κ²ͺκ³  λ‚˜μ„œ,
05:53
So a hundred surgeries later,
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05:54
he looks at his mom and says, "Mom, please pray for me.
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μ•„μ΄λŠ” μ—„λ§ˆλ₯Ό 바라보며 μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€."μ—„λ§ˆ"
λ‚˜λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ κΈ°λ„ν•΄μ£Όμ„Έμš”. λ‚œ λ„ˆλ¬΄ μ•„νŒŒμš”."
05:58
I'm in so much pain."
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06:00
His pediatrician happens to have a background in clinical genetics
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λ‹΄λ‹Ή μ†Œμ•„κ³Ό μ˜μ‚¬κ°€ μš°μ—°νžˆλ„ μž„μƒμœ μ „ν•™ κ²½λ ₯이 μžˆμ—ˆλŠ”λ°
06:03
and he has no idea what's going on,
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λ„μ €νžˆ μ–΄μ°Œλœ 일인지 μ•Œ μˆ˜κ°€ μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€,
06:05
but he says, "Let's get this kid's genome sequenced."
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ˜μ‚¬λŠ” "이 μ•„μ΄μ˜ κ²Œλ†ˆμ„œμ—΄λΆ„μ„μ„ ν•œλ²ˆ ν•΄λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€."라고 ν–ˆμ£ .
06:07
And what they find is a single-point mutation
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ°Ύμ€κ²Œ
06:09
in a gene responsible for controlling programmed cell death.
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μ˜ˆμ •μ„Έν¬μ‚¬λ₯Ό ν†΅μ œν•˜λŠ” μ—Όμƒ‰μ²΄μ—μ„œ μƒκΈ°λŠ” ν•œμ λŒμ—°λ³€μ΄μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:12
So the theory is that he's having some immunological reaction
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μ΄λ‘ λŒ€λ‘œλΌλ©΄ κ·Έ μ•„μ΄λŠ” μŒμ‹μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μƒκΈ°λŠ” 것에 λŒ€ν•œ
06:15
to what's going on -- to the food, essentially.
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면역적 λ°˜μ‘μ„ λ³΄μ΄λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆκ³ ,
06:18
And that's a natural reaction, which causes some programmed cell death,
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그건 μ˜ˆμ •μ„Έν¬μ‚¬λ₯Ό μœ λ°œμ‹œν‚€λŠ” μžμ—°μŠ€λŸ° λ°˜μ‘μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:21
but the gene that regulates that down is broken.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ ν†΅μ œλ₯Ό λ‹΄λ‹Ήν•˜λŠ” 염색체가 κ³ μž₯이 났죠.
κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 이건 λ¬Όλ‘  무엇보닀
06:24
And so this informs, among other things, of course,
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골수 이식 μΉ˜λ£Œκ°€ ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€κ³  λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬κ³ , μ•„μ΄λŠ” 치료λ₯Ό λ°›μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:26
a treatment for bone marrow transplant, which he undertakes.
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νž˜λ“  9κ°œμ›”κ°„μ˜ νšŒλ³΅κΈ°κ°„ν›„μ—,
06:29
And after nine months of grueling recovery,
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μ΄μ œλŠ” A1μ†ŒμŠ€λ₯Ό 뿌린 μŠ€ν…Œμ΄ν¬λ₯Ό 잘 λ¨Ήκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:31
he's now eating steak with A1 sauce.
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
06:33
(Laughter)
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06:34
The prospect of using the genome as a universal diagnostic
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κ²Œλ†ˆμ„ 보편적인
진단 ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬μš©ν•  κ°€λŠ₯성은
06:38
is upon us today.
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λ°”λ‘œ 였늘 μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ 달렀 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
였늘, λ°”λ‘œ μ—¬κΈ° 말이죠.
06:41
Today. It's here.
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그것이 우리 λͺ¨λ‘μ—κ²Œ μ˜λ―Έν•˜λŠ” 것은
06:43
And what it means for all of us
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06:44
is that everybody in this room could live an extra 5, 10, 20 years,
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이 λ°©μ•ˆμ— μžˆλŠ” λͺ¨λ“  μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 5λ…„, 10λ…„, 20년을 더 μ‚΄ μˆ˜λ„ μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것인데
06:47
just because of this one thing.
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단지 ν•œκ°€μ§€ μ΄μœ λ•Œλ¬Έμ— κ·Έλ ‡μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:49
Which is a fantastic story,
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λ†€λΌμš΄ μ†Œμ‹μ΄κΈ΄ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€,
06:51
unless you think about humanity's footprint on the planet,
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지ꡬ상에 인λ₯˜κ°€ λ‚¨κ²¨λ†“λŠ” 발자ꡭ과
06:54
and our ability to keep up food production.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ‹λŸ‰μƒμ‚°μ„ 지속할 수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μƒκ°ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λ©΄μš”.
κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λ°”λ‘œ λ˜‘κ°™μ€
06:57
So it turns out
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06:58
that the very same technology is also being used to grow new lines
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기술이
μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ’…λ₯˜μ˜
07:02
of corn, wheat, soybean and other crops
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μ˜₯수수, λ°€, 콩 그리고 λ‹€λ₯Έ μž‘λ¬Όμ„ ν‚€μš°λŠ”λ° μ‚¬μš©λ˜κ³  μžˆλŠ”λ°μš”
07:05
that are highly tolerant of drought, of flood,
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이 μž‘λ¬Όλ“€μ€ κ°€λ­„, ν™μˆ˜,
07:07
of pests and pesticides.
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λ³‘μΆ©ν•΄λ‚˜ 농약에 훨씬 잘 κ²¬λ””λŠ” μ„±μ§ˆμ„ 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:09
Now, look --
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자 λ³΄μ„Έμš”, 인ꡬ가 계속 μ¦κ°€ν•œλ‹€λ©΄
07:11
as long as we continue to increase the population,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μœ μ „μž μ‘°μž‘λœ μ‹ν’ˆμ„ 더 많이 μƒμ‚°ν•˜κ³  λ¨Ήμ–΄μ•Ό ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€,
07:13
we'll have to continue to grow and eat genetically modified foods.
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이게 ν˜„μž¬ 생각할 수 μžˆλŠ” μœ μΌν•œ λ°©μ•ˆμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
07:16
And that's the only position I'll take today.
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07:18
Unless there's anybody in the audience
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청쀑 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€‘μ— λˆ„κ΅¬λΌλ„
07:20
who'd like to volunteer to stop eating?
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자발적으둜 λ¨ΉλŠ” κ±Έ μ€‘λ‹¨ν•˜μ‹€ 뢄이 μ—†λ‹€λ©΄ 말이죠?
아무도 μ—†μœΌμ‹œκ΅°μš”
07:23
None, not one.
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07:24
This is a typewriter,
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이건 νƒ€μžκΈ°μΈλ°μš”,
07:26
a staple of every desktop for decades.
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μˆ˜μ‹­λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ λͺ¨λ“  μ±…μƒμœ„μ— 있던 μ€‘μš”ν•œ 물건이죠
07:29
And, in fact, the typewriter was essentially deleted by this thing.
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νƒ€μžκΈ°λŠ” 이것에 μ˜ν•΄ 근본적으둜 μ‚¬λΌμ§€κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
07:33
And then more general versions of word processors came about.
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그리고 보편적으둜 μ“°μ΄λŠ” 더 λ§Žμ€ μ›Œλ“œ ν”„λ‘œμ„Έμ„œλ“€μ΄ λ‚˜μ™”μ£ 
07:36
But ultimately, it was a disruption on top of a disruption.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ κΆκ·Ήμ μœΌλ‘œλŠ” νŒŒκ΄΄μœ„μ— μΌμ–΄λ‚œ νŒŒκ΄΄μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
07:39
It was Bob Metcalfe inventing the Ethernet,
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λ°₯ λ©§μΉΌν”„λŠ” 이더넷(Ethernet)을 발λͺ…ν–ˆκ³ 
07:41
and the connection of all these computers
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μ»΄ν“¨ν„°μ˜ 연결은
07:43
that fundamentally changed everything.
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λͺ¨λ“  것듀을 근본적으둜 λ°”κΎΈμ–΄ λ†“μ•˜μ£ 
07:45
Suddenly we had Netscape, we had Yahoo.
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그리고 κ°‘μžκΈ° λ„·μŠ€μΌ€μ΄ν”„κ°€ 생기고 μ•Όν›„κ°€ 생겼죠
07:48
And we had, indeed, the entire dot-com bubble.
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그리곀 μ˜¨ν†΅ λ‹·μ»΄ κ±°ν’ˆ(dotcom bubble)이 생겼죠
07:51
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
07:54
Not to worry though,
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κ·Έλž˜λ„ κ±±μ •ν•˜μ‹€ ν•„μš”λŠ” μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€,
07:56
that was quickly rescued by the iPod, Facebook
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μ•„μ΄νŒŸ, νŽ˜μ΄μŠ€λΆμ— μ˜ν•΄ 금방 살아났고
07:58
and, indeed, Angry Birds.
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그리고 액그리 λ²„λ“œκ°€ 또 μžˆμ—ˆμ£ 
08:00
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
자, 이게 μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μžˆλŠ” κ³³μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
08:03
Look, this is where we are today.
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08:05
This is the genomic revolution today. This is where we are.
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ν˜„μž¬ κ²Œλ†ˆ 혁λͺ…이 λ²Œμ–΄μ§€κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ°”λ‘œ 여기에 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μžˆλŠ”κ±°μ£ 
μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 생각을 ν•΄λ³΄μ…¨μœΌλ©΄ μ’‹κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€:
08:08
What I'd like you to consider is:
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이게 무슨 μ˜λ―ΈμΈμ§€ 말이죠
08:10
What does it mean
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08:11
when these dots don't represent the individual bases of your genome,
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이 점듀이 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ κ²Œλ†ˆμ˜ μ„œμ—΄μ„ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄λŠ” 게 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ,
08:14
but they connect to genomes all across the planet?
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이 μ§€κ΅¬μƒμ˜ κ²Œλ†ˆμ„ λ‹€ μ—°κ²°ν•˜λŠ” κ±°λΌλ©΄μš”?
08:17
I just recently had to buy life insurance, and I was required to answer:
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μ΅œκ·Όμ— 생λͺ…λ³΄ν—˜μ— κ°€μž…ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
이런 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ λ°›μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€:
08:21
A. I have never had a genetic test;
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A. μœ μ „μž 검사듀 받은 적이 μ—†λ‹€, B. 검사λ₯Ό λ°›μ•˜λ‹€, 자 μ—¬κΈ° μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€,
08:23
B. I've had one, here you go;
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그리고 C. 검사λ₯Ό ν•œ 적은 μžˆλŠ”λ° μ–˜κΈ°ν•˜μ§„ μ•Šκ² λ‹€
08:25
or C. I've had one and I'm not telling.
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λ‹€ν–‰νžˆλ„ μ €λŠ” A라고 λ‹΅ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆμ£ ,
08:27
Thankfully, I was able to answer A,
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08:28
and I say that honestly, in case my life insurance agent is listening.
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만일 제 생λͺ…λ³΄ν—˜ 섀계사가 λ“£κ³  μžˆμ„μ§€λ„ λͺ¨λ₯΄λ‹ˆ μ •μ§ν•˜κ²Œ μ–˜κΈ°ν•΄μ•Όμ£ 
μ œκ°€ λ§Œμ•½ C라고 λ‹΅ν–ˆμœΌλ©΄ 무슨 일이 λ²Œμ–΄μ‘Œμ„κΉŒμš”?
08:32
But what would have happened if I had said C?
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08:34
Consumer applications for genomics will flourish.
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μ†ŒλΉ„μž μš©λ„λ‘œ μœ„ν•œ μœ μ „μ²΄ν•™μ΄ λ²ˆμ°½ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ 본인이 μœ μ „μ μœΌλ‘œ
08:37
Do you want to see if you're genetically compatible
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ μ—¬μžμΉœκ΅¬μ™€ λ§žλŠ”μ§€ μ•Œκ³  μ‹Άλ‚˜μš”? λ‹Ήμ—°ν•˜μ£ 
08:39
with your girlfriend?
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08:40
DNA sequencing on your iPhone? There's an app for that.
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μ•„μ΄ν°μœΌλ‘œ DNA μ—ΌκΈ°λΆ„μ„ν•˜λŠ”κ±΄μš”? κ·Έκ±Έ μœ„ν•œ 앱이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
08:43
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
08:45
Personalized genomic massage, anyone?
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κ°œμΈν™”λœ μœ μ „μž λ§ˆμ‚¬μ§€λŠ” μ–΄λ•Œμš”?
ν˜„μž¬ 이미
08:49
There's already a lab today that tests for allele 334 of the AVPR1 gene,
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AVPR1 μœ μ „μžμ˜ λŒ€λ¦½μœ μ „μž 334λ₯Ό κ²€μ‚¬ν•΄μ£ΌλŠ” μ‹œν—˜κΈ°κ΄€μ΄ μžˆλŠ”λ°μš”,
μ†Œμœ„ λ°”λžŒν”ΌλŠ” μœ μ „μžλ‘œ μ•Œλ €μ Έ 있죠
08:53
the so-called cheating gene.
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자 κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆκΉŒ 였늘 μ—¬κΈ° 계신 λΆ„ 쀑에 μ• μΈμ΄λ‚˜ λ°°μš°μžλž‘ 계신 뢄은,
08:55
(Laughter)
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08:57
So anybody who's here today with your significant other,
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λŒμ•„μ„œμ„œ λ©΄λ΄‰μœΌλ‘œ μƒλŒ€λ°© μž…μ˜ ν‘œλ³Έμ„ μ±„μ·¨ν•΄μ„œ
08:59
just turn over to them, swab their mouth, send it to the lab
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μ‹œν—˜μ†Œμ— λ³΄λ‚΄μ‹œλ©΄ κ·Έ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μ•„μ‹€ 수 μžˆμ„κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€
09:02
and you'll know for sure.
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
09:03
(Laughter)
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ 심근증을 λ°œμƒμ‹œν‚¬ 수 μžˆλŠ”
09:05
Do you really want to elect a president
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κ²Œλ†ˆμ„ 가진 λŒ€ν†΅λ Ήμ„ 뽑고 μ‹ΆμœΌμ„Έμš”?
09:07
whose genome suggests cardiomyopathy?
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생각해 λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€, 2016년에
09:09
Think of it -- it's 2016,
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선두 ν›„λ³΄μžκ°€
09:11
and the leading candidate releases
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μ‚¬λ…„κ°„μ˜ μ²΄λ‚©μ„ΈκΈˆμ‹ κ³ μ„œ 뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ,
09:12
not only her four years of back-tax returns,
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본인의 κ²Œλ†ˆκΉŒμ§€ κ³΅κ°œν•œλ‹€λ©΄μš”
09:15
but also her personal genome.
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ν˜Έμ‘μ΄ μ•„μ£Ό 쒋을 수 있죠.
09:16
And it looks really good.
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09:17
Then she challenges all her competitors to do the same.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λ‹€λ₯Έ κ²½μŸμžλ“€λ„ λ˜‘κ°™μ΄ ν•˜λΌκ³  μš”κ΅¬ν•˜λŠ”κ±°μ£ .
이런일이 λ²Œμ–΄μ§€μ§€ μ•Šμ„κ±°λΌκ³  μƒκ°ν•˜μ„Έμš”?
09:20
Do you think that's not going to happen?
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ν˜Ήμ‹œ μ‘΄ λ§₯μΌ€μΈν•œν…Œ 도움이 될 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜μ„Έμš”?
09:22
Do you think it would have helped John McCain?
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
09:24
(Laughter)
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청쀑 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€‘μ—
09:26
How many people in the audience have the last name Resnick, like me?
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μ €μ²˜λŸΌ λ ˆμŠ€λ‹‰μ΄λΌλŠ” 성을 가지신 λΆ„ κ³„μ„Έμš”? 손 ν•œλ²ˆ λ“€μ–΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”
09:29
Raise your hand.
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μ•ˆκ³„μ‹ κ°€μš”? μ—†λ„€μš”
09:30
Anybody? Nobody.
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보톡 ν•œλ‘ λͺ…은 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
09:32
Typically, there's one or two.
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09:33
So my father's father was one of 10 Resnick brothers.
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제 ν• μ•„λ²„μ§€λŠ” 10ν˜•μ œμ€‘μ— ν•˜λ‚˜μ…¨κ±°λ“ μš”
μ„œλ‘œ λ‹€ λ―Έμ›Œν–ˆμ£ 
09:36
They all hated each other, and all moved to different parts of the planet.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λͺ¨λ‘ λ‹€λ₯Έ 곳으둜 μ΄μ‚¬κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ•„λ§ˆ
09:40
So it's likely I'm related to every Resnick that I ever meet,
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μ œκ°€ λ§Œλ‚œ λ ˆμŠ€λ‹‰μ΄λž€ 성을 가진 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€κ³ΌλŠ” 관련이 μžˆμ„ 수 있죠, 근데 잘 λͺ¨λ₯΄κ² μ–΄μš”
09:43
but I don't know.
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09:44
So imagine if my genome were De-identified, sitting in software,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 제 κ²Œλ†ˆμ΄ μ†Œν”„νŠΈμ›¨μ–΄μƒμ—μ„œ 주인을 λͺ»μ°Ύκ³  남아 μžˆλŠ”λ°,
09:47
And a third cousin's genome was also sitting there,
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제 νŒ”μ΄Œμ˜ κ²Œλ†ˆλ„ μ—­μ‹œ 그런 μƒνƒœμΈλ°,
이 λ‘κ°œλ₯Ό 비ꡐ할 수 μžˆλŠ” μ†Œν”„νŠΈμ›¨μ–΄κ°€ μžˆμ–΄μ„œ
09:50
and there was software that could compare the two
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연결을 μ‹œν‚¬ 수 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄ μ–΄λ–»κΉŒ 상상해 λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€
09:52
and make these associations.
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09:53
Not hard to imagine. My company has software that does this right now.
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λ³„λ‘œ 어렡지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 저희 νšŒμ‚¬λŠ” κ·Έ μ†Œν”„νŠΈμ›¨μ–΄λ₯Ό μ§€κΈˆ λ³΄μœ ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
ν•œκ°€μ§€ 더 상상해 λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€:
09:57
Imagine one more thing,
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09:58
that that software is able to ask both parties for mutual consent:
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λ‘μ‚¬λžŒμ—κ²Œ μƒν˜Έ λ™μ˜λ₯Ό κ΅¬ν•˜λŠ” μ†Œν”„νŠΈμ›¨μ–΄κ°€ μžˆλ‹€κ³  말이죠,
10:01
"Would you be willing to meet your third cousin?"
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"λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ νŒ”μ΄Œμ„ λ§Œλ‚˜μ‹œκ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?"
μ–‘μͺ½ λ‹€ λ™μ˜λ₯Ό ν•˜λ©΄,
10:04
And if we both say yes -- voilΓ !
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10:05
Welcome to Chromosomally LinkedIn.
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자! 염색체 LinkedIn에 잘 μ˜€μ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:07
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
10:11
Now this is probably a good thing, right?
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이건 λΆ„λͺ…νžˆ 쒋은 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€, κ·Έλ ‡μ£ ?
10:13
Bigger clan gatherings and so on.
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μΉœμ²™λ“€μ΄ 더 λ§Žμ•„μ§€κ²Œ 되고 기타 λ“±λ“±
10:15
But maybe it's a bad thing as well.
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그런데 μ—­μ‹œ λ‚˜μœ 것도 μžˆμ„ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
10:17
How many fathers in the room? Raise your hands.
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μ—¬κΈ° μžλ…€ μžˆλŠ” μ•„λ²„λ‹˜μ΄ λͺ‡λΆ„μ΄λ‚˜ λ˜μ„Έμš”? 손 ν•œλ²ˆ λ“€μ–΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”
10:19
OK, so experts think that one to three percent of you
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λ„€, 전문가듀은 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€‘ 1~3νΌμ„ΌνŠΈλŠ”
10:22
are not actually the father of your child.
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ μžλ…€μ˜ 아버지가 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌκ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
10:24
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
10:26
Look --
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λ³΄μ„Έμš”--
10:27
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
10:32
These genomes, these 23 chromosomes,
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이 κ²Œλ†ˆλ“€, 이 23개의 염색체듀은
10:35
they don't in any way represent the quality of our relationships
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μ–΄λ–€ λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œλ„ 우리 κ΄€κ³„μ˜ μ§ˆμ΄λ‚˜
10:38
or the nature of our society -- at least not yet.
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우리 μ‚¬νšŒμ˜ λ³Έμ§ˆμ„ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄μ§€ λͺ»ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ -- 적어도 μ•„μ§κΉŒμ§€λŠ”μš”
λ‹€λ₯Έ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 기술처럼,
10:41
And like any new technology,
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이것 μ—­μ‹œ 인λ₯˜μ˜ 손에 달렀 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
10:43
it's really in humanity's hands
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10:44
to wield it for the betterment of mankind
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인λ₯˜μ˜ ν–₯상을 μœ„ν•΄ μ‚¬μš©ν•  것인지, κ·Έ λ°˜λŒ€μΌμ§€
10:47
or not.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ €λŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ΄ λͺ¨λ‘ κΉ¨μ–΄λ‚˜μ„œ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κ²Œ 되고
10:48
And so I urge you all to wake up and to tune in
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10:50
and to influence the genomic revolution that's happening all around you.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ μ£Όμœ„μ— λ²Œμ–΄μ§€κ³  μžˆλŠ” κ²Œλ†ˆ 혁λͺ…에 영ν–₯λ ₯을 미치기λ₯Ό κ°•λ ₯히 κΆŒκ³ λ“œλ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€
κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
10:54
Thank you.
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10:55
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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