Barry Schwartz: Our loss of wisdom

566,613 views ใƒป 2009-02-16

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Hahn Ryu ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jisu Lee
00:12
In his inaugural address,
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์–ผ๋งˆ์ „ ๋ฏธ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น ์ทจ์ž„์‹์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:14
Barack Obama appealed to each of us to give our best
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์ทจ์ž„์‹ ์—ฐ์„ค์—์„œ ์˜ค๋ฐ”๋งˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ์œ„๊ธฐ ํƒˆ์ถœ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด
00:18
as we try to extricate ourselves from this current financial crisis.
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๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์ž์˜ ์œ„์น˜์—์„œ ์ตœ์„ ์˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๋‹คํ•ด์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ˜ธ์†Œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:24
But what did he appeal to?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ˜ธ์†Œํ–ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
00:26
He did not, happily, follow in the footsteps of his predecessor,
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์˜ค๋ฐ”๋งˆ๋Š” ํŒ”์ž์ข‹๊ฒŒ ์‡ผํ•‘์ด๋‚˜ ํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ํ˜ธ์†Œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
and tell us to just go shopping.
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์ „ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:34
Nor did he tell us, "Trust us. Trust your country.
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"๋„ค ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ฅผ ์ œ๋ฐœ ์ข€ ๋ฏฟ์–ด์ค˜" ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ ,
00:38
Invest, invest, invest."
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"ํˆฌ์ž, ํˆฌ์ž, ํˆฌ์ž์ข€ ํ•˜๋ผ"๊ณ  ์กฐ๋ฅด์ง€๋„ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:42
Instead, what he told us was to put aside childish things.
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๋Œ€์‹  ๊ทธ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ฅธ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์›Œ์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹น๋ถ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:47
And he appealed to virtue.
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๊ฐœ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๋•๋ชฉ์— ํ˜ธ์†Œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:51
Virtue is an old-fashioned word.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋•๋ชฉ์ด๋ž€ ์ข€ ๋‚ก์€ ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:55
It seems a little out of place in a cutting-edge environment like this one.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ธ‰๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ๋“ค์–ด ๋งž์„๋งŒํ•œ ๊ตฌ์„์ด ์—†์ฃ .
01:00
And besides, some of you might be wondering,
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€์ฒด ๋ฌด์Šจ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ƒ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ค ๋ถ„๋“ค๋„ ๊ณ„์‹ค์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:03
what the hell does it mean?
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€์ฒด ๋ญ”์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ƒ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ค ๋ถ„๋“ค๋„ ๊ณ„์‹ค์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:06
Let me begin with an example.
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ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด๋„๋ก ํ•˜์ฃ .
01:09
This is the job description of a hospital janitor
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๋ณ‘์› ์ฒญ์†Œ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์„ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•œ ์ž‘์—… ๋‚ด์—ญ์„œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:12
that is scrolling up on the screen.
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์ œ ๋’ค์— ํ™”๋ฉด์— ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋„ค์š”.
01:15
And all of the items on it are unremarkable.
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๋ญ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€๋ฐ, ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ณ„๊ฑด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:20
They're the things you would expect:
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๋ป”ํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด์ฃ .
01:23
mop the floors, sweep them, empty the trash, restock the cabinets.
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๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ ์“ธ๊ธฐ, ๊ฑธ๋ ˆ์งˆํ•˜๊ธฐ, ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐํ†ต ๋น„์šฐ๊ธฐ, ์ƒ์ž ์ •๋ˆํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋“ฑ๋“ฑ.
01:28
It may be a little surprising how many things there are,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ž์ž˜ํ•œ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ๋“ค์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์•„์„œ ๋†€๋ž๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:31
but it's not surprising what they are.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋„ ์—†์ฃ .
01:33
But the one thing I want you to notice about them is this:
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
even though this is a very long list,
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์ด ๋ชฉ๋ก์— ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์ด ์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ ,
01:39
there isn't a single thing on it that involves other human beings.
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์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ํƒ€์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ๋ฒ ์–ด์žˆ๋Š” ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜๋„ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:44
Not one.
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๋‹จ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:47
The janitor's job could just as well be done in a mortuary as in a hospital.
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๋ณ‘์›์—์„œ๋‚˜ ์ƒ๋ก€์‹์žฅ์—์„œ๋‚˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ธ๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์€ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ด ์ž˜ ๊ตด๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:52
And yet, when some psychologists interviewed hospital janitors
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์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ๋ณ‘์›์—์„œ ์šฉ์—ญ ๋ฏธํ™”์›๋“ค์„ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐํ•œ ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:57
to get a sense of what they thought their jobs were like,
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๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ธ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ž๊ธฐ ์ง์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋“ฑ๋“ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
02:00
they encountered Mike,
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์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ƒ๋Œ€๋Š” ๋งˆ์ดํฌ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
who told them about how he stopped mopping the floor
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๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์–˜๊ธธ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณ‘์‹ค ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์„ ๋‹ฆ์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๋‹ˆ
02:06
because Mr. Jones was out of his bed getting a little exercise,
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๋ณ‘์ƒ์— ์žˆ๋˜ ์กด์Šค๊ฐ€ ํž˜์„ ํšŒ๋ณตํ•˜๋ ค๋Š”๋“ฏ ์šด๋™์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๊ธธ๋ž˜
02:09
trying to build up his strength, walking slowly up and down the hall.
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๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์„ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋‹ฆ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋‚ด๋ฒ„๋ ค ๋’€๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜๋˜ ์šด๋™ ๊ณ„์† ํ•˜์‹œ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
02:13
And Charlene told them about how she ignored her supervisor's admonition
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์…œ๋ฆฐ์€ ์ž๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์™œ ์ƒ์‚ฌ์˜ ํ›ˆ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€,
02:19
and didn't vacuum the visitor's lounge
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์™œ ๋กœ๋น„ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋Š”์ง€,
02:22
because there were some family members who were there all day, every day
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์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–˜๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๋ฃจ์ข…์ผ ๋งค์ผ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
02:25
who, at this moment, happened to be taking a nap.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด์ˆœ๊ฐ„์—๋„ ์ชฝ์ž ์„ ์ž๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ• ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋ƒ๋ฉฐ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:28
And then there was Luke,
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๋ฃจํฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ์‚ฌ์—ฐ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:30
who washed the floor in a comatose young man's room twice
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ํ˜ผ์ˆ˜์ƒํƒœ์— ๋น ์ง„ ์–ด๋–ค ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๋ณ‘์‹ค์„ ๋‘๋ฒˆ์ด๋‚˜ ์ฒญ์†Œํ–ˆ๋‹ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:34
because the man's father, who had been keeping a vigil for six months,
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๋ฐ˜๋…„๋™์•ˆ ์•„๋“ค์˜ ๋ณ‘์‹ค์—์„œ ์ฒ ์•ผ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋˜ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋ฃจํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฒญ์†Œํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑธ ๋ชป๋ณธ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
02:39
didn't see Luke do it the first time,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋‘๋ฒˆ ์”ฉ์ด๋‚˜ ํ•œ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:42
and his father was angry.
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์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ฐ€ ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
02:44
And behavior like this from janitors, from technicians, from nurses
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž, ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ณ‘์›์˜ ์šฉ์—ญ ๋ฏธํ™”์›๋“ค์ด ๋ณด์—ฌ์คฌ๋˜ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํƒœ๋„๋Š”,
02:50
and, if we're lucky now and then, from doctors,
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์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค๋„ ๊ฐ€๋”์”ฉ ์šด์ด ์ข‹์œผ๋ฉด ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ "์œ ๋„๋ฆฌ"๋Š”,
02:53
doesn't just make people feel a little better,
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๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์„ ๋” ๋‚ซ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ทธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:56
it actually improves the quality of patient care
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์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ํ™˜์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฒ˜์šฐ์˜ ์งˆ์„ ๋Œ์–ด๋ฆฌ๊ณ ,
02:59
and enables hospitals to run well.
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๋ณ‘์›์ด ๋”์šฑ ์ž˜ ๊ตด๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
03:02
Now, not all janitors are like this, of course.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฏธํ™”์›๋“ค์ด ์ด๋“ค๊ฐ™์ง€๋งŒ์€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
But the ones who are think that these sorts of human interactions
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค, ๋‹ค์‹œ๋งํ•ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์†Œํ†ต์ด๋ผ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
03:11
involving kindness, care and empathy
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์นœ์ ˆํ•œ ํƒœ๋„, ์ž์ƒํ•œ ๋ฐฐ๋ ค, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณต๊ฐํ•  ์ค„ ์•„๋Š”
03:14
are an essential part of the job.
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๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋ณ‘์›์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ผญ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์กด์žฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:16
And yet their job description contains not one word about other human beings.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ž‘์—… ๋ช…์„ธ์„œ์—๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ๋ผ๋ฉด ํ•œ๋งˆ๋””๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:21
These janitors have the moral will to do right by other people.
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์ด๋“ค ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์„œ ์›€์ง์ผ ์˜์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:27
And beyond this, they have the moral skill to figure out what "doing right" means.
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๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ "์˜ณ์€ ์ผ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค"๋Š”๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๋Š” ๋„๋•์  ํŒ๋‹จ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:34
"Practical wisdom," Aristotle told us,
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์•„๋ฆฌ์Šคํ† ํ…”๋ ˆ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ .
03:39
"is the combination of moral will and moral skill."
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"์‹ค์šฉ์  ์ง€ํ˜œ๋ž€ ๋„๋•์  ์ž๋ฐœ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋„๋•์  ์Šคํ‚ฌ์˜ ์กฐํ•ฉ"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:42
A wise person knows when and how to make the exception to every rule,
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์ง€ํ˜œ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ทœ์น™์—์„œ ์˜ˆ์™ธ๋กœ ์ณ์•ผํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:49
as the janitors knew when to ignore the job duties in the service of other objectives.
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๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ธ์ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ง๋ฌด ๋ช…์„ธ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ์–ธ์ œ์ธ์ง€ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:55
A wise person knows how to improvise,
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์ง€ํ˜œ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋งž๊ฒŒ ์ž„๊ธฐ์‘๋ณ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:59
as Luke did when he re-washed the floor.
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๋งˆ์น˜ ๋ฃจํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณ‘์‹ค์„ ๋‘๋ฒˆ ์ฒญ์†Œํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:02
Real-world problems are often ambiguous and ill-defined
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ํ˜„์‹ค์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋ชจํ˜ธํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•œ๋งˆ๋””๋กœ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:05
and the context is always changing.
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๋งฅ๋ฝ๊ณผ ์—ฌ๊ฑด์ด ๋Š˜ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
04:08
A wise person is like a jazz musician --
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ํ˜„๋ช…ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋งˆ์น˜ ์žฌ์ฆˆ ๋ฎค์ง€์…˜๊ณผ๋„ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:11
using the notes on the page, but dancing around them,
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์•…๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด์„œ๋„, ๊ทธ ์ฃผ์œ„์— ์ฆ‰ํฅ์„ ์ž…ํž™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:14
inventing combinations that are appropriate for the situation and the people at hand.
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์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์—ฌ๊ฑด์— ๋งž๋Š” ์ ๋‹นํ•œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ์ž๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด์ฃ .
04:21
A wise person knows how to use these moral skills
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์ง€ํ˜œ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋„๋•์  ํŒ๋‹จ์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆด ์ค„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:24
in the service of the right aims.
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์ผ์ด ์˜ณ์€ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ํ’€๋ ค๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:27
To serve other people, not to manipulate other people.
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๋‚จ์„ ์กฐ์ข…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๋‚จ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ด‰์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:31
And finally, perhaps most important,
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์ด๋กœ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:34
a wise person is made, not born.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ง€ํ˜œ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ํƒ€๊ณ ๋‚˜๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:37
Wisdom depends on experience,
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์ง€ํ˜œ๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:40
and not just any experience.
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์•„๋ฌด ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:43
You need the time to get to know the people that you're serving.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์„ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ์ง€ ์•Œ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์จ์•ผํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:47
You need permission to be allowed to improvise,
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๊ทœ์น™์„ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜ ์œ ๋„๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ• ๋งŒํ•œ ๊ถŒํ•œ๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:50
try new things, occasionally to fail and to learn from your failures.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด๊ฑธ ์‹œ๋„๋„ ํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ , ์‹คํŒจ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์‹คํŒจ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:55
And you need to be mentored by wise teachers.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€ํ˜œ๋กœ์šด ๋ฉ˜ํ† ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์นจ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:58
When you ask the janitors who behaved like the ones I described
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๋งŒ์ผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์žˆ๋ƒ๊ณ ,
05:03
how hard it is to learn to do their job,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ผ์„ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์–ด๋ ต๋ƒ๊ณ  ๋ฌป๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด
05:06
they tell you that it takes lots of experience.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์•„๋งˆ "๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค"๊ณ  ๋‹ตํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:09
And they don't mean it takes lots of experience to learn how to mop floors and empty trash cans.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด ๊ฒฝํ—˜์€ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ ํ†ต์„ ๋น„์šฐ๊ธฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์„ ๋‹ฆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:13
It takes lots of experience to learn how to care for people.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
05:19
At TED, brilliance is rampant.
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TED์—๋Š” ๋ช…์„ํ•จ์ด ๋„˜์ณ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:23
It's scary.
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๋ฌด์„œ์šธ ์ •๋„์ฃ .
05:25
The good news is you don't need to be brilliant to be wise.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹์€ ์ง€ํ˜œ๋กœ์›Œ์ง€๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•  ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:30
The bad news is that without wisdom,
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๋‚˜์œ ์†Œ์‹์€ ์ง€ํ˜œ์—†๋Š” ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•จ์€
05:34
brilliance isn't enough.
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์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
05:37
It's as likely to get you and other people into trouble as anything else.
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์ž๊ธฐ ์ž์‹  ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ๋ชฐ์•„๋„ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:43
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
05:46
Now, I hope that we all know this.
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์ด์ œ ๋ชจ๋‘๋“ค ์•„์‹œ๋ฆฌ๋ผ ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:49
There's a sense in which it's obvious,
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์ด๋ฅผ ์•„์ฃผ ์ž˜ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:52
and yet, let me tell you a little story.
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ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•ด๋ณด๋„๋ก ํ•˜์ฃ .
05:55
It's a story about lemonade.
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๋ ˆ๋ชจ๋„ค์ด๋“œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:58
A dad and his seven-year-old son were watching a Detroit Tigers game at the ballpark.
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์ผ๊ณฑ์‚ด๋‚œ ์•„๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ทธ ์•„๋น ๊ฐ€ ์•ผ๊ตฌ์žฅ์—์„œ ๋””ํŠธ๋กœ์ดํŠธ ํƒ€์ด๊ฑฐ์ฆˆ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
His son asked him for some lemonade
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์•„๋“ค์ด ์•„๋น ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ ˆ๋ชจ๋„ค์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
06:06
and Dad went to the concession stand to buy it.
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์•„๋น ๋Š” ๋ ˆ๋ชจ๋„ค์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€ํŒ๋Œ€์— ๊ฐ”์ฃ .
06:09
All they had was Mike's Hard Lemonade,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ทธ ๊ฐ€ํŒ๋Œ€์—๋Š” "Mikes's Hard Lemonade" ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š”
06:12
which was five percent alcohol.
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๋ ˆ๋ชจ๋„ค์ด๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ์ฝœ์ด ํ•จ์œ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
06:15
Dad, being an academic, had no idea that Mike's Hard Lemonade contained alcohol.
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ํ•™์ž์ธ ์•„๋น ๋Š” "Mike's Hard Lemonade"๊ฐ€ ์•Œ์ฝœ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์—†๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ธธ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:21
So he brought it back.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‚ฌ์™€๋‹ค ์•„๋“ค์„ ์คฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:24
And the kid was drinking it, and a security guard spotted it,
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์•„๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งˆ์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๊ฒฝ๋น„์›์ด ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:27
and called the police, who called an ambulance
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๊ฒฝ๋น„์›์€ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์„ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๊ณ , ๋˜ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์•ฐ๋ทธ๋Ÿฐ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๊ณ 
06:30
that rushed to the ballpark, whisked the kid to the hospital.
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๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์žฅ์— ์•ฐ๋ทธ๋Ÿฐ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์ด๋‹ฅ์น˜๊ณ  ์•„๋“ค์„ ์ฑ„๊ฐ€๋ฒ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:33
The emergency room ascertained that the kid had no alcohol in his blood.
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์‘๊ธ‰์‹ค์—์„œ๋Š” ํ˜ˆ์•ก๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๋ณด๋‹ˆ ์•Œ์ฝœ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:37
And they were ready to let the kid go.
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์•„๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ๋ ค๊ฐ€๋„ ์ข‹๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
06:40
But not so fast.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ๋Š” ์•ˆ๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:43
The Wayne County Child Welfare Protection Agency said no.
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์›จ์ธ ์•„๋™๋ณดํ˜ธ์„ผํ„ฐ์—์„œ ์•ˆ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:47
And the child was sent to a foster home for three days.
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์•„๋“ค์€ 3์ผ๊ฐ„ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์†Œ์— ๋ณด๋‚ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:51
At that point, can the child go home?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด์   ์ง‘์— ๊ฐ€๋„ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
06:54
Well, a judge said yes, but only if the dad leaves the house and checks into a motel.
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ํŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋น ๊ฐ€ ์ง‘์—์„œ ๋‚˜์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜ธํ…”๋ฐฉ์— ์ž์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜€์ฃ .
07:06
After two weeks, I'm happy to report,
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๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ƒ๋ด‰ํ•œ๊ฑด 2์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‚œ ๋’ค์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:09
the family was reunited.
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๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ƒ๋ด‰ํ•œ๊ฑด 2์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‚œ ๋’ค์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:11
But the welfare workers and the ambulance people
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๋Œ€๋Š” ํ•‘๊ณ„๋Š” ๋‹ค ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์•˜์–ด์š”.
07:14
and the judge all said the same thing:
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๋ณต์ง€์„ผํ„ฐ ์ง์›, ์— ๋ทธ๋Ÿฐ์Šค ์š”์›, ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ํŒ์‚ฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:17
"We hate to do it but we have to follow procedure."
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"์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง„ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋Š” ๋”ฐ๋ผ์•ผ์ฃ ."
07:21
How do things like this happen?
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๋„๋Œ€์ฒด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
07:25
Scott Simon, who told this story on NPR,
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NPR์—์„œ ์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์Šค์ฝง ์‚ฌ์ด๋จผ์”จ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ๋ง์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:29
said, "Rules and procedures may be dumb,
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"๊ทœ์น™๊ณผ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋ณด๋‹ค."
07:33
but they spare you from thinking."
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"ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋œ์–ด์ค€๋‹ค"
07:36
And, to be fair, rules are often imposed
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๊ทœ์น™๋„ ์ œ ๋‚˜๋ฆ„๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ณ€๋ช…์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:38
because previous officials have been lax
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์ „์—๋„ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
07:41
and they let a child go back to an abusive household.
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์•„์ด๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ๋ ค๋ณด๋ƒˆ๋”๋‹ˆ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์ผ์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋”๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
07:44
Fair enough.
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๋„ค ๋ง ๋˜์ฃ .
07:45
When things go wrong, as of course they do,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ฒŒ ๋งˆ๋ จ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:48
we reach for two tools to try to fix them.
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๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ๋งˆ์ฃผ์ณค์„ ๋•Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:52
One tool we reach for is rules.
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์ฒซ์งธ๋Š” ๊ทœ์น™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:55
Better ones, more of them.
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๋” ์ข‹์€ ๊ทœ์น™. ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ์ฐพ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:58
The second tool we reach for is incentives.
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๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์€ ์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ(์œ ์ธ์ฑ…)์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:01
Better ones, more of them.
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๋” ์ข‹์€ ์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ. ๋˜ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์ฃ .
08:04
What else, after all, is there?
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๋„๋Œ€์ฒด ๋”์ด์ƒ ์–ด๋–ค ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
08:07
We can certainly see this in response to the current financial crisis.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ธˆ์œต์œ„๊ธฐ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:12
Regulate, regulate, regulate.
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๊ทœ์ œํ•˜๋ผ. ๊ทœ์ œํ•˜๋ผ. ๊ทœ์ œํ•˜๋ผ.
08:15
Fix the incentives, fix the incentives, fix the incentives ...
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์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”๋ผ. ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”๋ผ. ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”๋ผ.
08:18
The truth is that neither rules nor incentives
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜„์‹ค์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š”
08:21
are enough to do the job.
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๊ทœ์ œ๋‚˜ ์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ๋งŒ์œผ๋ก  ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ด ์•ˆ๋˜์ฃ .
08:23
How could you even write a rule that got the janitors to do what they did?
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๋ฏธํ™”์›๋“ค์ด ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€ ์ž๋ฐœ์  ํ–‰๋™์„ ๊ทœ์น™์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
08:27
And would you pay them a bonus for being empathic?
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณต๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ“๊ฐ€๋กœ ๋ณด๋„ˆ์Šค๋ผ๋„ ์ค„๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”?
08:30
It's preposterous on its face.
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๋ง๋„ ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š” ์–˜๊ธฐ์ฃ .
08:34
And what happens is that as we turn increasingly to rules,
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๊ทœ์ œ์™€ ์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ๋ฅผ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
08:39
rules and incentives may make things better in the short run,
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๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ดค์„ ๋•Œ์—์•ผ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:43
but they create a downward spiral
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ํ•˜ํ–ฅ๊ณก์„ ์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆด ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:46
that makes them worse in the long run.
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์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์•…ํ™”์‹œํ‚จ๋‹จ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
08:48
Moral skill is chipped away by an over-reliance on rules
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทœ์น™์— ์˜์กดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋„๋•์  ์ƒํ™ฉ ํŒ๋‹จ๋ ฅ์ด ํ‡ดํ™”ํ•ด ๋ฒ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:53
that deprives us of the opportunity
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์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
08:55
to improvise and learn from our improvisations.
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์„ฑ์žฅ์˜ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋„ ์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:58
And moral will is undermined
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๋„๋•์  ์ž๋ฐœ์„ฑ๋„ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ ธ ๋ฒ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:01
by an incessant appeal to incentives
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์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณผ๋„ํ•œ ์˜์กด ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:04
that destroy our desire to do the right thing.
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์˜ณ์€ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž๋ฐœ์  ๋™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์—†์•  ๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:07
And without intending it,
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์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์˜๋„ํ•œ ์ ์ด ์—†์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
09:09
by appealing to rules and incentives,
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์ง€ํ˜œ์™€ ์ „์Ÿ์„ ๋ฒŒ์ด๋Š” ๊ผด์ด ๋˜๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:13
we are engaging in a war on wisdom.
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๊ทœ์น™๊ณผ ์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€๋‚˜์นœ ์˜์กด ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:15
Let me just give you a few examples,
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๋ช‡๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”.
09:18
first of rules and the war on moral skill.
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๊ทœ์ œ์™€ ๋ฐ˜์ง€ํ˜œ.
09:21
The lemonade story is one.
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์•„๊นŒ ๋ ˆ๋ชจ๋„ค์ด๋“œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:23
Second, no doubt more familiar to you,
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๋‘˜์งธ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ์•„์ฃผ ์นœ์ˆ™ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ,
09:26
is the nature of modern American education:
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ํ˜„๋Œ€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ต์œก ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:29
scripted, lock-step curricula.
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์ ˆ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋ชฉ๋ก์œผ๋กœ ๊ทœ๊ฒฉํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ํ‹€์— ๋ฐ•ํ˜€์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:32
Here's an example from Chicago kindergarten.
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์‹œ์นด๊ณ  ์œ ์น˜์›์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋„๋ก ํ•˜์ฃ .
09:35
Reading and enjoying literature
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์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธ€์ฝ๊ธฐ
09:37
and words that begin with 'B.'
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'B'๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด.
09:39
"The Bath:" Assemble students on a rug
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"The bath": ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ชจ์•„์„œ
09:42
and give students a warning about the dangers of hot water.
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๋œจ๊ฑฐ์šด ๋ฌผ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค„ ๊ฒƒ.
09:44
Say 75 items in this script to teach a 25-page picture book.
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25ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์งœ๋ฆฌ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ฑ…์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ชฉ๋ก์— 75๊ฐ€์ง€ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์ด ๋‚˜์˜ค๋„ค์š”.
09:49
All over Chicago in every kindergarten class in the city,
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์‹œ์นด๊ณ ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์œ ์น˜์›์—์„œ, ๋ชจ๋“  ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด,
09:52
every teacher is saying the same words in the same way on the same day.
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๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ๋‚ , ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ, ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์Š์–ด์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:59
We know why these scripts are there.
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๋ชฉ๋ก์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ป”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:03
We don't trust the judgment of teachers enough
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์˜ ํŒ๋‹จ์„ ์‹ ๋ขฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
10:06
to let them loose on their own.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์€ ๊ณ ์ง€์‹ํ•ด์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:09
Scripts like these are insurance policies against disaster.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ชฉ๋ก์€ ์žฌ๋‚œ์„ ๋ง‰๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•œ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๋ณดํ—˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:12
And they prevent disaster.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋Œ€ํ˜• ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋ง‰์•„๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:15
But what they assure in its place is mediocrity.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์— ๋ณด์žฅ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ‹€์— ๋ฐ•ํžŒ ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•จ ๋ฟ์ด์ฃ .
10:20
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
10:27
Don't get me wrong. We need rules!
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์˜คํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ๊ทœ์น™์ด ํ•„์š”์—†๋‹จ ์–˜๊ธด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:29
Jazz musicians need some notes --
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์žฌ์ฆˆ์—ฐ์ฃผ์ž๋„ ์•…๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธด ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:31
most of them need some notes on the page.
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์•…๋ณด์— ์Œํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ์—ฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
10:33
We need more rules for the bankers, God knows.
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์€ํ–‰๊ฐ€๋“ค์„ ๊ทœ์ œํ•  ๊ทœ์น™์€ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:35
But too many rules prevent accomplished jazz musicians
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ทœ์ œ๋Š” ์•ˆ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ™๋‹ฌ๋œ ์—ฐ์ฃผ์ž๋„ ์ฆ‰ํฅ์„ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
10:39
from improvising.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ทœ์ œ๋Š” ์•ˆ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ™๋‹ฌ๋œ ์—ฐ์ฃผ์ž๋„ ์ฆ‰ํฅ์„ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
10:41
And as a result, they lose their gifts,
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ๋Šฅ์ด ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ ธ๋ฒ„๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:44
or worse, they stop playing altogether.
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๋”์ด์ƒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์Œ์•…๊ฐ€๋“ค๊ณผ ์—ฐ์ฃผ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ์ฃ .
10:47
Now, how about incentives?
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์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ๋Š” ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
10:50
They seem cleverer.
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์–ธ๋œป ๋ณด๋ฉด ์˜๋ฆฌํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:52
If you have one reason for doing something
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ์ผ์„ ํ•ด์•ผํ•  ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด๋ณด์ฃ .
10:54
and I give you a second reason for doing the same thing,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋” ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:57
it seems only logical that two reasons are better than one
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๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ด๋„ ์ด์ œ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋‘๊ฐœ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ
11:00
and you're more likely to do it.
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๊ทธ ์ผ์„ ๋” ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:03
Right?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
11:05
Well, not always.
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์•ˆํƒ€๊น๊ฒŒ๋„ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:07
Sometimes two reasons to do the same thing seem to compete with one another
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์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐœ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋“ค๋ผ๋ฆฌ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
11:10
instead of complimenting,
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์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ ์— ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:12
and they make people less likely to do it.
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์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์ผ์„ ๋œํ•˜์ฃ .
11:15
I'll just give you one example because time is racing.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์—†์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋”ฑ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋งŒ ๋“ค๊ฒŒ์š”.
11:18
In Switzerland, back about 15 years ago,
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15๋…„์ „ ์Šค์œ„์Šค์—์„œ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:21
they were trying to decide where to site nuclear waste dumps.
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ํ•ตํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ ๋งค๋ฆฝ์ง€๋ฅผ ์–ด๋””์— ์ง€์„์ง€ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:24
There was going to be a national referendum.
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์ „๊ตญ๊ทœ๋ชจ ํˆฌํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ์˜ˆ์ •์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
11:27
Some psychologists went around and polled citizens who were very well informed.
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๋‹น์‹œ ์Šค์œ„์Šค ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ํ•ตํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์ด ์–ด๋–ค๊ฑด์ง€ ์ž˜ ์•„๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋ฝ‘์•„๋‹ค ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:30
And they said, "Would you be willing to have a nuclear waste dump in your community?"
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"๋‹น์‹  ๋™๋„ค์— ํ•ตํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์‹œ์„ค์„ ์ง“๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ฐฌ์„ฑ ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?" ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ดค์ฃ .
11:33
Astonishingly, 50 percent of the citizens said yes.
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๋†€๋ž๊ฒŒ๋„, 50 ํผ์„ผํŠธ๊ฐ€ "๋„ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:38
They knew it was dangerous.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ์ง€ ์•Œ๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:40
They thought it would reduce their property values.
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๋•…๊ฐ’์ด ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋ฆฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
11:43
But it had to go somewhere
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์–ด๋””๊ฐ€ ๋๋“  ์ง“๊ธด ์ง€์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ณ 
11:46
and they had responsibilities as citizens.
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์Šค์œ„์Šค ์‹œ๋ฏผ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ฑ…์ž„์ด๋ž€ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:49
The psychologists asked other people a slightly different question.
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์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ฒˆ์—” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์ƒ๋Œ€๋กœ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•ด๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:53
They said, "If we paid you six weeks' salary every year
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"1๋…„์— 6์ฃผ์น˜ ๋ด‰๊ธ‰์„ ๋” ์ค€๋‹ค๋ฉด
11:56
would you be willing to have a nuclear waste dump in your community?"
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๋‹น์‹  ๋™๋„ค์— ํ•ตํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์‹œ์„ค์„ ์ง“๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ์ฐฌ์„ฑ ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"
12:00
Two reasons. It's my responsibility and I'm getting paid.
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๋™๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‘๊ฐœ์ฃ . ์ฒซ์งธ ๋‚ด ์ฑ…์ž„์ด๊ณ , ๋‘˜์งธ๋กœ ๋ˆ๋„ ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:04
Instead of 50 percent saying yes,
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์•ž์„  ์˜ˆ์—์„œ 50%๊ฐ€ "๋„ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋ฐ˜ํ•ด,
12:07
25 percent said yes.
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์ด๋ฒˆ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—” "๋„ค"๊ฐ€ 25ํผ์„ผํŠธ์— ์ง€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”.
12:10
What happens is that
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด
12:13
the second this introduction of incentive gets us
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๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ๊ฐ€ ๋ผ์–ด๋“ค๋ฉด์„œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ๋ฐ”๋€๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:17
so that instead of asking, "What is my responsibility?"
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"๋‚ด ์ฑ…์ž„์ด ๋ญ์ง€?"๋ผ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด
12:20
all we ask is, "What serves my interests?"
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"์–ด๋–ค ์ชฝ์ด ์ด๋“์ด์ง€?"๋ผ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์–ด ๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
12:23
When incentives don't work,
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์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ๊ฐ€ ๋”์ด์ƒ ์•ˆ๋จนํž๋•Œ
12:25
when CEOs ignore the long-term health of their companies
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CEO๊ฐ€ ๋‘๋‘‘ํ•œ ๋ณด๋„ˆ์Šค๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ์ด๋“์— ๋ˆˆ์ด ๋ฉ€์–ด
12:28
in pursuit of short-term gains that will lead to massive bonuses,
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ๊ฑด์ „์„ฑ์„ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•  ๋•Œ,
12:32
the response is always the same.
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๋Œ์•„์˜ค๋Š” ๋ฐ˜์‘์€ ๋Š˜ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:36
Get smarter incentives.
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์ข€๋” '๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•œ' ์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ž!
12:40
The truth is that there are no incentives that you can devise
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜„์‹ค์€ ์ด๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์ฝ”
12:43
that are ever going to be smart enough.
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'์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•œ' ์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:46
Any incentive system can be subverted by bad will.
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์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ๋ž€ ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ๊ณ ์˜์— ์˜ํ•ด ์•…์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
12:50
We need incentives. People have to make a living.
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์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ๋Š” ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋จน๊ณ  ์‚ด์•„์•ผ์ฃ .
12:54
But excessive reliance on incentives
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ์— ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ์˜์กดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
12:56
demoralizes professional activity
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง์—…์ธ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
12:59
in two senses of that word.
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๋‘๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š์ข‹์€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:02
It causes people who engage in that activity to lose morale
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๊ทธ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๊ณ ,
13:06
and it causes the activity itself to lose morality.
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ ์ž์ฒด์˜ ๋„๋•์„ฑ๋„ ์žƒ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:10
Barack Obama said, before he was inaugurated,
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๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น ์ทจ์ž„์‹ ์ „์— ์˜ค๋ฐ”๋งˆ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:15
"We must ask not just 'Is it profitable?' but 'Is it right?'"
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"๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ด๋“์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฌป๊ธฐ ์ „์—, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜ณ์€ ์ผ์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฌผ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค"๊ณ ์š”.
13:19
And when professions are demoralized,
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์ง์—…์ƒํ™œ์—์„œ ์ž๋ฐœ์  ๋„๋•์„ฑ์ด ๋ถ•๊ดด๋˜๋ฉด
13:22
everyone in them becomes dependent on -- addicted to -- incentives
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ ์  ์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ์— ์˜์กด์ ์ด๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ค‘๋…๋˜๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
13:27
and they stop asking "Is it right?"
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๋”์ด์ƒ "์ด๊ฒŒ ์˜ณ์€ ์ผ์ธ์ง€"๋ฅผ ๋ฌป์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
13:30
We see this in medicine.
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์˜์•ฝ์—…๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ฏธ ํ˜„์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:33
("Although it's nothing serious, let's keep an eye on it to make sure it doesn't turn into a major lawsuit.")
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("๋ณ„๊ฑฐ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ธด ํ•œ๋ฐ ์ข€ ์ง€์ผœ๋ณด์ฃ . ํ˜น์‹œ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์†Œ์†ก์œผ๋กœ ๋ฒˆ์งˆ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”")
13:37
And we certainly see it in the world of business.
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๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒŒ ๊ณต๊ณต์—ฐ์—ฐํ•œ ํ˜„์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:39
("In order to remain competitive in today's marketplace, I'm afraid we're going to have to replace you with a sleezeball.")
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"๋ฒค๋‹ด, ๋ฏธ์•ˆํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•ด๊ณ ๋„ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋„ ์‹œ์žฅ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์ž๋„ค๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋ณด๋‹จ ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ ํ•  ์ค„ ์•„๋Š” ๋ฉ์ฒญํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋“ .")
13:45
("I sold my soul for about a tenth of what the damn things are going for now.")
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("๋‚œ ์ง€๊ธˆ ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ์‹ญ๋ถ„์˜ ์ผ ๊ฐ’์— ๋‚ด ์˜ํ˜ผ์„ ํŒ”์•„๋ฒ„๋ ธ์ง€.")
13:50
It is obvious that this is not the way people want to do their work.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์—ฐํ•˜์ฃ .
13:53
So what can we do?
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์–ด๋–กํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
13:56
A few sources of hope:
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ํฌ๋ง์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ๋ช‡๊ฐœ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:59
we ought to try to re-moralize work.
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์ผํ„ฐ์— ์œค๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋„๋•์„ ๋˜์‚ด๋ ค ๋‚ด์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:02
One way not to do it: teach more ethics courses.
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์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•: ์œค๋ฆฌ ๊ต์œก์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•œ๋‹ค.
14:08
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
14:11
There is no better way to show people that you're not serious
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋„๋ฆฌ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š”
14:14
than to tie up everything you have to say about ethics
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์ข…์ด์ชผ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌ์— ์ ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ์•…์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์„œ๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:17
into a little package with a bow and consign it to the margins as an ethics course.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์„ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฑธ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋„๋งค๊ธ‰์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌธ์„œ๋กœ ๋ฐ•์ œํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ์žฅ๋•ก์ด ์•„๋‹Œ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
14:22
What to do instead?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
14:24
One: Celebrate moral exemplars.
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์ฒซ์งธ: ์„ ํ–‰์„ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋„์›Œ์ค€๋‹ค.
14:28
Acknowledge, when you go to law school,
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ํ˜น์‹œ๋ผ๋„ ๋กœ์Šค์ฟจ์— ๊ฐ€๋ฉด,
14:31
that a little voice is whispering in your ear
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์–‘์‹ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•˜๋Š” ์†Œ์ˆ˜์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด
14:34
about Atticus Finch.
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ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ง์„ "์•Œ์•„์ฃผ๋ผ"๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:37
No 10-year-old goes to law school to do mergers and acquisitions.
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์—ด์‚ด์งœ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ M&A๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Ÿฌ ๋กœ์Šค์ฟจ์— ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ฃ .
14:40
People are inspired by moral heroes.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ธ๊ฐ„์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ˜ ์˜์›…๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ž๊ทน์„ ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:43
But we learn that with sophistication
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์‚ด๋‹ค๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ง์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์‰ฝ์ง€๋งŒ์€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š”๊ฑธ ๋ฐฐ์›๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:46
comes the understanding that you can't acknowledge that you have moral heroes.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์žˆ์–ด๋„ ์•Œ์•„์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฑด ์‰ฌ์šด ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
14:50
Well, acknowledge them.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์•Œ์•„ ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
14:52
Be proud that you have them.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ฃผ์œ„์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š”๊ฑธ ์ž๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฌ์›Œ ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
14:54
Celebrate them.
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์ธ์ •ํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
14:56
And demand that the people who teach you acknowledge them and celebrate them too.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“คํ•œํ…Œ๋„ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์–˜๊ธธ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์žˆ์Œ ์•Œ์•„์ฃผ๊ณ  ์นญ์ฐฌํ•ด ์ฃผ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
14:59
That's one thing we can do.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์˜ ํ•˜๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:02
I don't know how many of you remember this:
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ค‘์— ๋ช‡๋ถ„์ด๋‚˜ ์ด๊ฑธ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ค์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๊ตฐ์š”.
15:05
another moral hero, 15 years ago, Aaron Feuerstein,
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15๋…„์ „์— ์•„๋ก  ํ‘ธ์–ด์Šคํƒ€์ธ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์„ฑ์˜ ์ œ์™•(!?)์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
15:09
who was the head of Malden Mills in Massachusetts --
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๋ฉ”์‚ฌ์ถ”์„ธ์ธ ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชฐ๋“  ๋ฐ€์˜ ์‚ฌ์žฅ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
15:12
they made Polartec --
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๋‚˜์ค‘์— ํด๋ผํ…์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์ฃ .
15:14
The factory burned down.
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ํ•œ๋ฒˆ์€ ๊ทธ์˜ ๊ณต์žฅ์— ๋ถˆ์ด ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:16
3,000 employees. He kept every one of them on the payroll.
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๊ทธ๋žฌ๋Š”๋ฐ๋„ 3์ฒœ๋ช…์˜ ์ง์›์ค‘ ํ•œ๋ช…๋„ ๋น ์ง์—†์ด ์ฃ„๋‹ค ์›”๊ธ‰์„ ์ง€๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
15:19
Why? Because it would have been a disaster for them
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์™œ? ์ง์›๋“ค ์ž…์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์žฌ์•™์ด๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
15:22
and for the community if he had let them go.
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์›”๊ธ‰์„ ์•ˆ์คฌ์œผ๋ฉด 3์ฒœ๋ช…์ด ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ "๋™๋„ค"์ž…์žฅ์—์„œ๋„ ์žฌ์•™์ด์—ˆ์„๊ฑฐ๊ณ ์š”.
15:25
"Maybe on paper our company is worth less to Wall Street,
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"์›”์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฟ ์ž…์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌํšŒ์‚ฌ ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ๋–จ์–ด์กŒ์„๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:29
but I can tell you it's worth more. We're doing fine."
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋” ๊ฐ€์น˜์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ธ๊ฑฐ ๊ฐ™๋„ค์š”. ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์ž˜ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
15:33
Just at this TED we heard talks from several moral heroes.
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์ด๋ฒˆ TED์—์„œ๋„ ์ธ์ƒ์ ์ธ ์˜์›…๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:37
Two were particularly inspiring to me.
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ํŠนํžˆ ์ธ์ƒ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋‘๋ช… ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
15:40
One was Ray Anderson, who turned --
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ํ•œ๋ช…์€ ๋ ˆ์ด ์•ค๋”์Šจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:43
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์Šค)
15:46
-- turned, you know, a part of the evil empire
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์•…์˜ ์†Œ๊ตด์—์„œ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์‚ฌ์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
15:49
into a zero-footprint, or almost zero-footprint business.
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ํ”์ ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜๋„ ์•ˆ๋‚จ๋Š” ๊นจ๋—ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์—…์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”๋†จ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
15:52
Why? Because it was the right thing to do.
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์™œ๋ƒ๊ณ ์š”? ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋งž๋Š” ์ผ์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
15:56
And a bonus he's discovering is
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์น˜๋„ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ ๋ค์œผ๋กœ
15:59
he's actually going to make even more money.
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๋ˆ๋„ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฒŒ๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:02
His employees are inspired by the effort.
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์ง์›๋“ค๋„ ๋งŽ์ด ์ž๊ทน ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:05
Why? Because there happy to be doing something that's the right thing to do.
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์™œ๋ƒ๊ตฌ์š”? ์ž์‹ ์ด ๋งž๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
16:09
Yesterday we heard Willie Smits talk about re-foresting in Indonesia.
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์–ด์ œ ์œŒ๋ฆฌ ์Šค๋ฏธ์ธ ๊ฐ€ ์ธ๋„๋„ค์‹œ์•„์— ์ˆฒ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–˜๊ธฐํ–ˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
16:14
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
16:17
In many ways this is the perfect example.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ชจ๋กœ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:20
Because it took the will to do the right thing.
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์˜ณ์€ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ "์˜์ง€"๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ–ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
16:23
God knows it took a huge amount of technical skill.
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๊ฒ‰์œผ๋กœ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋ณ„๊ฒƒ ์•„๋‹Œ๊ฑฐ ๊ฐ™์•„๋„ ๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:26
I'm boggled at how much he and his associates needed to know
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์œŒ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํŒ€์ด ๊ทธ ์ผ์„ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์„ ์ค„์€
16:29
in order to plot this out.
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์ €๋„์ฐจ๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊นœ์ง ๋†€๋ž์–ด์š”.
16:32
But most important to make it work --
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์œŒ๋ฆฌ๋„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ,
16:35
and he emphasized this --
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์ด ์ผ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
16:37
is that it took knowing the people in the communities.
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๊ทธ ๋™๋„ค์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ "์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ"์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:40
Unless the people you're working with are behind you,
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ํ˜„์ง€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ์˜ ์ข‹์€ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–ป๋Š”
16:45
this will fail.
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๋„์›€ ์—†์ด๋Š” ์‹คํŒจํ–ˆ์„ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
16:47
And there isn't a formula to tell you how to get the people behind you,
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ํ˜„์ง€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์ž๊ธฐ ํŽธ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ณต์‹๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฑด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:50
because different people in different communities
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ œ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ์‚ถ์„ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๋Š”
16:53
organize their lives in different ways.
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์ €๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด๋ผ๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
16:56
So there's a lot here at TED, and at other places, to celebrate.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ TED๋ฟ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์—๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ธ์ •ํ•ด์ค˜์•ผ ํ• ๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:59
And you don't have to be a mega-hero.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ฌด์Šจ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํฐ ๋Œ€์ธ๋ฐฐ ์„ฑ์ธ๊ตฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋  ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์–ด์š”.
17:02
There are ordinary heroes.
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ผ์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ž‘์€ ์˜์›…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:04
Ordinary heroes like the janitors who are worth celebrating too.
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๋ณ‘์› ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ธ ์•„์ €์”จ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•œ ์˜์›…๋“ค์ด ์นญ์†ก๋ฐ›์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:07
As practitioners each and every one of us should strive
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์ƒํ™œ์†์˜ ์‹ค์ฒœ๊ฐ€๋กœ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๋Š” ํฌ๋“  ์ž‘๋“ 
17:10
to be ordinary, if not extraordinary heroes.
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์ƒํ™œ์†์˜ ์‹ค์ฒœ๊ฐ€๋กœ์„œ ์˜์›…์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:13
As heads of organizations,
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ํ•œ ์กฐ์ง์˜ ์ฑ…์ž„์ž๋ผ๋ฉด
17:15
we should strive to create environments
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์ธ๊ฐ„์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋„๋•์  ์ž๋ฐœ์„ฑ์„ ์žฅ๋ คํ•˜๋Š”
17:17
that encourage and nurture both moral skill and moral will.
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๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:22
Even the wisest and most well-meaning people
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์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ์ง€ํ˜œ๋กญ๊ณ  ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๋„
17:25
will give up if they have to swim against the current
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์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง์žฅ ๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ์— ์—ญํ–‰ํ•ด๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ๊นŒ์ง€
17:28
in the organizations in which they work.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋„๋•์„ฑ์„ ์ฑ™๊ธธ ์ˆœ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:31
If you run an organization, you should be sure
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋งŒ์ผ ์กฐ์ง์˜ ์šด์˜์ž๋ผ๋ฉด
17:34
that none of the jobs -- none of the jobs --
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๊ทธ ์–ด๋–ค ํฌ์ง€์…˜์—๋„ ์—…๋ฌด ๋ช…์„ธ์„œ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
17:37
have job descriptions like the job descriptions of the janitors.
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๋ณ‘์› ์ฒญ์†Œ๋ถ€ ์ž‘์—… ๋ช…์„ธ์„œ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์—†์• ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์„ธ์š”.
17:40
Because the truth is that
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด
17:43
any work that you do that involves interaction with other people
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ํ˜ผ์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ธ ์ด์ƒ
17:46
is moral work.
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ ์ธ ๋„๋•์  ์ฑ…์ž„์ด ์ˆ˜๋ฐ˜๋  ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
17:49
And any moral work depends upon practical wisdom.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ผ์— "์‹ค์šฉ์  ์ง€ํ˜œ"๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:53
And, perhaps most important,
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์ด๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ผ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:56
as teachers, we should strive to be the ordinary heroes,
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ํ•œ๋ช…์˜ ์„ ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ์„œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐœ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด ์ผ์ƒ์†์˜ ์ž‘์€ ์˜์›…์ด ๋˜์–ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:59
the moral exemplars, to the people we mentor.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณธ๋ณด๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:03
And there are a few things that we have to remember as teachers.
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์„ ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๋ช‡๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋” ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์€
18:06
One is that we are always teaching.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋Š˜ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ.
18:10
Someone is always watching.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋Š˜ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ.
18:13
The camera is always on.
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์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๊ฐ€ ๋Š˜ ์ง€์ผœ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:15
Bill Gates talked about the importance of education
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๋นŒ ๊ฒŒ์ด์ธ ๊ฐ€ ๊ต์œก์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ–ˆ์ฃ .
18:18
and, in particular, the model that KIPP was providing:
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KIPP์˜ ๋ณธ๋ณด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฉด์„œ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:21
"Knowledge is power."
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋ง์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ "์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํž˜"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:24
And he talked about a lot of the wonderful things
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KIPP ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์Šฌ๋Ÿผ๊ฐ€์˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค์„
18:27
that KIPP is doing
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๋Œ€ํ•™์— ๋ณด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์–˜๊ธธ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
18:29
to take inner-city kids and turn them in the direction of college.
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๋Œ€ํ•™์— ๋ณด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์–˜๊ธธ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
18:33
I want to focus on one particular thing KIPP is doing
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์—์„œ
18:36
that Bill didn't mention.
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๋”ฐ๋กœ์ด ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:39
That is that they have come to the realization
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๋ฐ”๋กœ KIPP๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ •๋ง ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ๊ฑธ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:42
that the single most important thing kids need to learn
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์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ๋ฐฐ์›Œ์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ
18:44
is character.
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"์„ฑ๊ฒฉ"์ž„์„ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:45
They need to learn to respect themselves.
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์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ์กด์ค‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์›Œ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:48
They need to learn to respect their schoolmates.
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์นœ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์กด์ค‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์›Œ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:51
They need to learn to respect their teachers.
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์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์„ ์กด์ค‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์›Œ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:54
And, most important, they need to learn to respect learning.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค, "๋ฐฐ์›€"์„ ์กด์ค‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์›Œ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:57
That's the principle objective.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:59
If you do that, the rest is just pretty much a coast downhill.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€๋Š” ์ˆ ์ˆ  ํ’€๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:03
And the teachers: the way you teach these things to the kids
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KIPP์—์„œ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋•๋ชฉ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์นœ ๋ฐฉ์‹์€,
19:06
is by having the teachers and all the other staff embody it every minute of every day.
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๋‹ค๋ฆ„์•„๋‹Œ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชธ์— ๋ฒค ํ–‰๋™์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:13
Obama appealed to virtue.
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์˜ค๋ฐ”๋งˆ๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋•๋ชฉ์— ํ˜ธ์†Œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:15
And I think he was right.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ง์ด ๋งž๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:17
And the virtue I think we need above all others is practical wisdom,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋•๋ชฉ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ค์šฉ์  ์ง€ํ˜œ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:21
because it's what allows other virtues -- honesty, kindness, courage and so on --
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฐ”๋กœ "์‹ค์šฉ์  ์ง€ํ˜œ"๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ์ •์ง, ์นœ์ ˆ, ์šฉ๊ธฐ ๋“ฑ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋•๋ชฉ๋“ค์„
19:28
to be displayed at the right time and in the right way.
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๋•Œ์™€ ์žฅ์†Œ์— ๋งž๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋” ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:31
He also appealed to hope.
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์˜ค๋ฐ”๋งˆ๋Š” ํฌ๋ง์—๋„ ํ˜ธ์†Œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:34
Right again.
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๋˜ ๋งž๋Š” ์• ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:36
I think there is reason for hope.
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์ „ ํฌ๋ง์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ๋งŒํ•œ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:39
I think people want to be allowed to be virtuous.
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์ „ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์„ ํ•ด์งˆ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:42
In many ways, it's what TED is all about.
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TED๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ์–˜๊ธฐ์™€๋„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ชจ๋กœ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:46
Wanting to do the right thing
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์˜ณ์€ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด
19:49
in the right way
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์˜ณ์€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ
19:51
for the right reasons.
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์˜ณ์€ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜์ž๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:53
This kind of wisdom is within the grasp of each and every one of us
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ์ž ๊ฐœ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ๋ง˜์†์— ์ด๋ฏธ ์ง€ํ˜œ์˜ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:56
if only we start paying attention.
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์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์šธ์—ฌ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
19:59
Paying attention to what we do,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด ๋ญ”์ง€, ๋˜ ๊ทธ ์ผ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€
20:02
to how we do it,
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์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์šธ์—ฌ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
20:04
and, perhaps most importantly,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค,
20:06
to the structure of the organizations within which we work,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์ง๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์šธ์—ฌ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
20:09
so as to make sure that it enables us and other people to develop wisdom
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์•ˆ์— ์ž ์ž๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜ ์ง€ํ˜œ๋ฅผ ์–ต๋ˆ„๋ฅด๊ธธ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ณ ,
20:14
rather than having it suppressed.
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์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์ด๋ฅผ ํ‚ค์šฐ๊ณ  ๊ณ„๋ฐœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:17
Thank you very much.
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๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:20
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:22
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
20:25
Chris Anderson: You have to go and stand out here a sec.
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์•ค๋”์Šจ: ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์„œ ๋ฐ•์ˆ˜๋„ ์ข€ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ณ ..
20:31
Barry Schwartz: Thank you very much.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:33
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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