Asia's rise -- how and when | Hans Rosling

415,696 views ใƒป 2009-11-25

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Simon Park ๊ฒ€ํ† : soulkee JEON
00:17
Once upon a time,
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์˜ˆ์ „
00:19
at the age of 24,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ 24์‚ด ๋•Œ,
00:21
I was a student at St. John's Medical College in Bangalore.
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๊ฐˆ๋กœ์–ด์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ฑ ์š”ํ•œ ์˜๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ํ•™์ƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:26
I was a guest student during one month
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ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ณต์ค‘์œ„์ƒํ•™ ๊ณผ์ •์˜
00:29
of a public health course.
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๊ตํ™˜ ํ•™์ƒ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:31
And that changed my mindset forever.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์ œ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”๋ฒ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:34
The course was good, but it was not the course content
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์ข‹์€ ๊ณผ์ •์ด์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ ์ˆ˜์—…์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด
00:37
in itself that changed the mindset.
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์ œ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋ฐ”๊พผ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ ์š”.
00:39
It was the brutal realization,
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์ฒซ ๋‚  ์•„์นจ์˜
00:41
the first morning,
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์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์ฆ‰ ์ธ๋„ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด
00:43
that the Indian students were better than me.
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์ €๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:46
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
00:47
You see, I was a study nerd.
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์ €๋Š”์š”. ๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ ์˜€๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
00:49
I loved statistics from a young age.
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์–ด๋ฆด์ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ†ต๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:51
And I studied very much in Sweden.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์Šค์›จ๋ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:53
I used to be in the upper quarter of all courses I attended.
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ํƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ๋ชฉ๋งˆ๋‹ค 25%์˜ ์ƒ์œ„๊ถŒ์— ์†ํ–ˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
00:57
But in St. John's, I was in the lower quarter.
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์„ฑ ์š”ํ•œ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•˜์œ„ 25%์— ์†ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:01
And the fact was that Indian students
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ธ๋„ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์Šค์›จ๋ดํ•™์ƒ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค
01:03
studied harder than we did in Sweden.
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๋” ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:06
They read the textbook twice,
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์ธ๋„ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์”ฉ ์ฝ์—ˆ๊ณ ,
01:08
or three times or four times.
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์•„๋‹ˆ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ, ๋„ค ๋ฒˆ์”ฉ๋„ ์ฝ์—ˆ์ฃ 
01:10
In Sweden we read it once and then we went partying.
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์Šค์›จ๋ด์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์ฝ๊ณ ๋Š” ํŒŒํ‹ฐํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:13
(Laugher)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:15
And that, to me,
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์ œ ์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒ
01:18
that personal experience
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด
01:20
was the first time in my life
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ž๋ผ๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ณ ์ •๊ด€๋…์„
01:23
that the mindset I grew up with
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์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ
01:25
was changed.
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์ผ๋Œ€ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:28
And I realized that perhaps
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์•„๋งˆ ์„œ์–‘์ด ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ
01:30
the Western world will not continue
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์˜๊ตฌํžˆ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ฐฐํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชป ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ
01:32
to dominate the world forever.
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๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:35
And I think many of you have the same sort of personal experience.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๋„ ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:39
It's that realization of someone you meet
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์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ๋งŒ๋‚จ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
01:42
that really made you change your ideas about the world.
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์„ธ์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋ง์ด์ง€์š”.
01:44
It's not the statistics, although I tried to make it funny.
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์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๊ฑด ํ†ต๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:48
And I will now,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ
01:52
here, onstage,
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ๋ฌด๋Œ€์—์„œ
01:54
try to predict when that will happen --
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์–ธ์ œ ์•„์‹œ์•„๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—
01:57
that Asia will regain
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์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ํ•ด ์™”๋“ฏ์ด
02:02
its dominant position
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์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ์œ„์น˜๋กœ
02:04
as the leading part of the world,
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๋ณต๊ท€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ผ์ง€
02:06
as it used to be, over thousands of years.
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์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋ ค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:10
And I will do that
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š”
02:12
by trying to predict precisely
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์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์–ด๋Š ํ•ด์—
02:15
at what year
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์ธ๋„์™€ ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜
02:17
the average income per person
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1์ธ๋‹น ํ‰๊ท  ์†Œ๋“์ด ์„œ์–‘๊ณผ
02:19
in India, in China, will reach that of the West.
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๊ฐ™์•„์งˆ์ง€ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:22
And I don't mean the whole economy,
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์ „์ฒด ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ™์•„์งˆ ๋•Œ๋ฅผ ๋œปํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:24
because to grow an economy
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ธ๋„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฅผ
02:26
of India to the size of U.K. --
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์˜๊ตญ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋กœ ํ‚ค์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฑด
02:28
that's a piece of cake, with one billion people.
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10์–ต ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ธ๋„์—๊ฒ ์‹์€ ์ฃฝ ๋จน๊ธฐ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
02:31
But I want to see when will the average pay, the money
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ธ๋„์™€ ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ํ‰๊ท  ์ˆ˜์ž…,
02:35
for each person, per month,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
02:37
in India and China,
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1์ธ๋‹น ์›” ํ‰๊ท  ์ˆ˜์ž…์ด
02:39
when will that have reached that of U.K. and the United States?
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์–ธ์ œ ์˜๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•  ์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๋ ค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:43
But I will start with a historical background.
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์šฐ์„  ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:46
And you can see my map if I get it up here. You know?
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ๋ ค๋†“์€ ์ง€๋„๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ด์‹œ์ง€์š”?
02:49
I will start at 1858.
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1858๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:52
1858 was a year of great technological
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1858๋…„์€ ์„œ์–‘์ž…์žฅ์—์„œ
02:56
advancement in the West.
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์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋„์•ฝ์˜ ํ•ด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:58
That was the year when Queen Victoria
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๊ทธ ํ•ด์— ๋น…ํ† ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์—ฌ์™•์ด
03:01
was able, for the first time, to communicate
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๋Œ€์„œ์–‘ ํšก๋‹จ ์ „์‹  ์ผ€์ด๋ธ”์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
03:03
with President Buchanan,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ทฐ์บ๋„Œ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๊ณผ
03:05
through the Transatlantic Telegraphic Cable.
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๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:08
And they were the first to "Twitter" transatlantically.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์„œ์–‘ ํšก๋‹จ "ํŠธ์œ„ํ„ฐ"๋ฅผ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
03:11
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
03:12
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
03:16
And I've been able, through this wonderful Google and Internet,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ๋ทฐ์บ๋„Œ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด ๋น…ํ† ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์—ฌ์™•์—๊ฒŒ
03:19
to find the text of the telegram
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๋ณด๋‚ธ ๋‹ต์žฅ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๊ตฌ๊ธ€ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ
03:21
sent back from President Buchanan to Queen Victoria.
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์ฐพ์•„๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:25
And it ends like this: "This telegraph
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"์ด ์ „๋ณด๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€
03:28
is a fantastic instrument to diffuse religion,
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์ข…๊ต, ๋ฌธํ™”, ์ž์œ  ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฒ•์˜ ์งˆ์„œ๋ฅผ
03:30
civilization, liberty and law throughout the world."
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ „์ฒด์— ๋ณด๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ๋‹ค" ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋์„ ๋งบ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:34
Those are nice words. But I got sort of curious
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์ข‹์€ ๋ง๋“ค์ธ๋ฐ, ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ "์ž์œ "๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
03:37
of what he meant with liberty, and liberty for whom.
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๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์˜ ์ž์œ ๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:41
And we will think about that
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 1858๋…„์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ƒํ™ฉ์„
03:43
when we look at the wider picture of the world in 1858.
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ํญ ๋„“๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋ฉฐ ์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค..
03:47
Because 1858
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1858๋…„์€
03:49
was also watershed year
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์•„์‹œ์•„์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์—์„œ๋„
03:52
in the history of Asia.
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๋ถ„๊ธฐ์ ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ํ•ด์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:54
1858 was the year
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1858๋…„์€
03:56
when the courageous uprising
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์ธ๋„์—์„œ๋Š” ์™ธ์„ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ญํ•ด
03:58
against the foreign occupation of India
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์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ €ํ•ญ์šด๋™์ด
04:01
was defeated by the British forces.
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์˜๊ตญ๊ตฐ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ง„์••๋œ ํ•ด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:03
And India was up to 89 years more of foreign domination.
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๊ทธ ํ›„ ์ธ๋„๋Š” 89๋…„๋™์•ˆ ๋” ์™ธ์„ธ์˜ ์ง€๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜๊ณ ,
04:08
1858 in China
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1858๋…„์— ์ค‘๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š”
04:10
was the victory in the Opium War by the British forces.
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์˜๊ตญ๊ตฐ์ด ์•„ํŽธ ์ „์Ÿ์— ์ด๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:14
And that meant that foreigners, as it said in the treaty,
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์กฐ์•ฝ์— ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด ์™ธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์ด
04:17
were allowed to trade freely in China.
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์ค‘๊ตญ์—์„œ ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๊ต์—ญ์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:19
It meant paying with opium for Chinese goods.
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์ค‘๊ตญ ์ƒํ’ˆ์„ ์•„ํŽธ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:23
And 1858 in Japan
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ํ•œํŽธ ์ผ๋ณธ์—์„œ๋Š”
04:25
was the year when Japan had to sign the Harris Treaty
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1858๋…„์— ํ•ด๋ฆฌ์Šค ์กฐ์•ฝ์— ์„œ๋ช…ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์— ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•œ
04:28
and accept trade on favorable condition for the U.S.
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์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ๊ต์—ญํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ๋“œ๋ ค์•ผ๋งŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:32
And they were threatened by those black ships there,
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์ผ๋ณธ์€ ์กฐ์•ฝ์ฒด๊ฒฐ์ „ 1๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋„์ฟ„ํ•ญ์— ๋‹ป์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฐ
04:36
that had been in Tokyo harbor over the last year.
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๊ฒ€์€ ์ „ํ•จ๋“ค์˜ ์œ„ํ˜‘์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:38
But, Japan, in contrast to India and China,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ผ๋ณธ์€ ์ธ๋„๋‚˜ ์ค‘๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ
04:42
maintained its national sovereignty.
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์ž๊ธฐ ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ์ฃผ๊ถŒ์„ ์ง€์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:45
And let's see how much difference that can make.
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์ด ์ ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์‹œ์ฃ .
04:48
And I will do that by bringing these bubbles
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ํ•˜๋‚˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ƒ์ง•ํ•˜๋Š”
04:51
back to a Gapminder graph here,
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์ด ๋ฐฉ์šธ๋“ค์„ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ Gapminder๋„ํ‘œ์— ์˜ฌ๋ ค
04:53
where you can see each bubble is a country.
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๋ณด์—ฌ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:56
The size of the bubble here is the population.
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์ด ๋ฐฉ์šธ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ธ๊ตฌ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ƒ์ง•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:59
On this axis, as I used to have income per person in comparable dollar.
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์ˆ˜ํ‰์ถ•์—๋Š” 1์ธ๋‹น ์ˆ˜์ž…์„ ๊ณ ์ •๊ฐ€์น˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œ ํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
05:04
And on that axis I have life expectancy, the health of people.
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์ˆ˜์ง์ถ•์—๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋œปํ•˜๋Š” ํ‰๊ท  ์ˆ˜๋ช…์„ ํ‘œ์‹œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:08
And I also bring an innovation here.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ์ƒˆ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋‚˜์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:10
I have transformed the laser beam
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๋ ˆ์ด์ € ํฌ์ธํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œ์ผœ ๋งŒ๋“ 
05:13
into an ecological, recyclable version here, in green India.
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์ด ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ, ์žฌํ™œ์šฉ ํฌ์ธํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋…น์ƒ‰ ์ธ๋„์— ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:18
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
05:22
And we will see, you know.
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์ž ์ด์ œ ๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
05:25
Look here, 1858, India was here,
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1858๋…„์— ์ธ๋„๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—,
05:28
China was here, Japan was there,
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์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ผ๋ณธ์€ ์ €๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๊ณ ,
05:30
United States and United Kingdom
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์˜๊ตญ์€
05:32
was richer over there.
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๋” ๋ถ€์œ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ €๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:34
And I will start the world like this.
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์ด ์‹œ์ (1858๋…„)์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:37
India was not always like this level.
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์ธ๋„๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ด ๋ ˆ๋ฒจ์— ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:39
Actually if we go back into the historical record,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ๋ก์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด
05:41
there was a time hundreds of years ago
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์ˆ˜ ๋ฐฑ๋…„ ์ „์—๋Š”
05:43
when the income per person in India and China
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์ธ๋„์™€ ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ 1์ธ๋‹น ์ˆ˜์ž…์ด
05:45
was even above that of Europe.
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์•˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:47
But 1850 had already been many, many years of foreign domination,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 1850๋…„๋Œ€์— ์ด๋ฏธ ์˜ค๋žœ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์™ธ์„ธ์˜ ์ง€๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„์™”์œผ๋ฉฐ,
05:51
and India had been de-industrialized.
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์ธ๋„๋Š” ์‚ฐ์—… ์กฐ์ง์ด ํŒŒ๊ดด๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ ,
05:54
And you can see that the countries who were growing
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š”
05:56
their economy was United States and United Kingdom.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์˜๊ตญ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:58
And they were also, by the end of the century, getting healthy,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ 19์„ธ๊ธฐ๋ง์— ๋” ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•ด๋ฉฐ,
06:01
and Japan was starting to catch up.
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์ผ๋ณธ์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:03
India was trying down here.
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์ธ๋„๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ‘์—์„œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:05
Can you see how it starts to move there?
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์›€์ง์ด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋ณด์ด์„ธ์š”?
06:07
But really, really natural sovereignty was good for Japan.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ์ฃผ๊ถŒ์„ ์ง€ํ‚จ ์ผ๋ณธ์ด ํฐ ๋„์›€์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๊ตฐ์š”.
06:11
And Japan is trying to move up there.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ผ๋ณธ์ด ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์ง€์š”.
06:13
And it's the new century now. Health is getting better,
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์ด์ œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์„ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์–ด ์˜๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€
06:15
United Kingdom, United States.
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๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋”์šฑ ๋” ์ข‹์•„์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:17
But careful now -- we are approaching the First World War.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹ฌํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”, ์ œ1์ฐจ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Œ€์ „์ด ๋‹ฅ์ณ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:20
And the First World War, you know,
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์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, 1์ฐจ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Œ€์ „ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
06:22
we'll see a lot of deaths and economical problems here.
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ฃฝ๊ณ , ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:26
United Kingdom is going down.
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์˜๊ตญ์ด ํ•˜๋ฝ์ค‘์ด๊ณ ,
06:28
And now comes the Spanish flu also.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด์ œ๋Š” ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ๋…๊ฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฒน์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:30
And then after the First World War, they continue up.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ 1์ฐจ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Œ€์ „์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ€์ž ์ข€ ๋” ๋‚˜์•„์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:33
Still under foreign domination, and without sovereignty,
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์•„์ง๋„ ์™ธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ง€๋ฐฐ์—์„œ ๋…๋ฆฝํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ
06:36
India and China are down in the corner.
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์ธ๋„์™€ ์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ์•„๋ž˜ ๊ตฌ์„์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:38
Not much has happened.
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๋ณ„ ์ง„์ „์ด ์—†์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
06:40
They have grown their population but not much more.
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์ธ๊ตฌ๋งŒ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚ฌ์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:42
In the 1930's now, you can see
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1930๋…„๋Œ€์—๋Š” ๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ
06:44
that Japan is going to a period of war,
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์ผ๋ณธ์ด ์ „์Ÿ์„ ์น˜๋ฃจ๊ณ 
06:47
with lower life expectancy.
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ํ‰๊ท  ์ˆ˜๋ช…์ด ๋–จ์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:49
And the Second World War was really a terrible event,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ2์ฐจ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Œ€์ „์€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์ผ๋ณธ์‚ฌํšŒ
06:51
also economically for Japan.
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์ „๋ฐ˜์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์ •๋ง ํ˜น๋…ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:53
But they did recover quite fast afterwards.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ ํ›„์— ๊ฝค ๋น ๋ฅธ ์†๋„๋กœ ํšŒ๋ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:55
And we are moving into the new world.
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์ด์ œ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์„ธ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„์ž…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:57
In 1947 India finally
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์ธ๋„๋Š” 1947๋…„์— ์ˆ™์›ํ•˜๋˜
07:00
gained its independence.
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๋…๋ฆฝ์„ ์–ป์–ด ๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:02
And they could raise the Indian flag and become a sovereign nation,
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์ธ๋„์˜ ๊ตญ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฒŒ์–‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž์ฃผ๋…๋ฆฝ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
07:06
but in very big difficulties down there.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ํฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›€๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:09
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
07:12
In 1949 we saw the emergence of the modern China
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1949๋…„์—๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ค‘ํ™”์ธ๋ฏผ๊ณตํ™”๊ตญ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜
07:16
in a way which surprised the world.
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์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋†€๋ผ๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:18
And what happened?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‚˜์š”?
07:20
What happens in the after independence?
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๋…๋ฆฝ ํ›„์— ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์ผ์ด ์ƒ๊ฒผ๋‚˜์š”?
07:22
You can see that the health started to improve.
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๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์•„์ง€์ง€์š”.
07:24
Children started to go to school.
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์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ํ•™๊ต์— ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ ,
07:26
Health services were provided.
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์˜๋ฃŒ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ณต๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:28
This is the Great Leap Forward, when China fell down.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ค‘๊ตญ์ด ์ถ”๋ฝํ•  ๋•Œ์˜ "์žฅ์กฑ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:32
It was central planning by Mao Tse Tung.
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๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋งˆ์˜ค์ฉŒ๋šฑ์˜ ์ค‘์•™๊ธฐํš์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:34
China recovered. Then they said,
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์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ์žฌ๊ธฐํ•œ ํ›„, ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ .
07:36
"Nevermore, stupid central planning."
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"๋‹ค์‹œ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋ณด ๊ฐ™์€ ์ค‘์•™๊ธฐํš์€ ์•ˆ ํ•œ๋‹ค."
07:38
But they went up here, and India was trying to follow.
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์•„๋ฌดํŠผ ์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์˜ฌ๋ผ์™”๊ณ , ์ธ๋„๋Š” ๋”ฐ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜์ฃ .
07:41
And they were catching up indeed.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋”ฐ๋ผ์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:43
And both countries had the better health, but still
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๋‘ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฑด์ƒ์ƒํƒœ๋Š” ๋” ์ข‹์•„์กŒ์ง€๋งŒ,
07:45
a very low economy.
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๊ฒฝ์ œ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:47
And we came to 1978, and Mao Tse Tung died,
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1978๋…„์ด ๋˜์–ด, ๋งˆ์˜ค์ฉŒ๋šฑ์ด ์‚ฌ๋งํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
07:50
and a new guy turned up from the left.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ธ๋ฌผ์ด ๋“ฑ์žฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:53
And it was Deng Xiaoping coming out here.
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์ด ๋•Œ ๋ฉ์ƒค์˜คํ•‘์ด ๋‚˜์˜จ๊ฑฐ์ง€์š”.
07:56
And he said, "Doesn't matter
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๋ฉ์ƒค์˜คํ•‘์€ "๊ณ ์–‘์ด๊ฐ€
07:58
if a cat is white or black,
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๊นŒ๋งฃ๋˜ ํ•˜์–—๋˜ ๊ฐ„์—
08:00
as long as it catches mice."
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์ฅ๋งŒ ์žก์œผ๋ฉด ๋œ๋‹ค." ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:02
Because catching mice
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์ฅ๋ฅผ ์žก๋Š”๊ฒŒ
08:04
is what the two cats wanted to do.
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๋‘ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด์— ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชฉํ‘œ์˜€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
08:07
And you can see the two cats being here,
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๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ๋‘ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:10
China and India, wanting to catch the mices over there, you know.
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์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ์ค‘๊ตญ๊ณผ ์ธ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ € ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฅ๋ฅผ ์žก๊ธฐ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:13
And they decided to go not only for health and education,
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๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€์„œ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ๊ต์œก๋งŒ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
08:16
but also starting to grow their economy.
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๊ฒฝ์ œ๋„ ํ‚ค์šฐ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:18
And the market reformer was successful there.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹œ์žฅ๊ฐœํ˜ ์„ธ๋ ฅ๋“ค์ด ์„ฑ๊ณต ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:20
In '92 India follows with a market reform.
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1992๋…„์—๋Š” ์ธ๋„๋„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐœํ˜์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:23
And they go quite closely together,
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๊ทธ ํ›„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ ,
08:25
and you can see that the similarity with India and China,
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์ธ๋„์™€ ์ค‘๊ตญ์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์œ ์‚ฌ์ ์ด ์ฐจ์ด์ ๋ณด๋‹ค
08:27
in many ways, are greater than the differences with them.
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋งŽ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์‹ค์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:30
And here they march on. And will they catch up?
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์ด๋“ค์€ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณผ์—ฐ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์žก์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
08:32
This is the big question today.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:34
There they are today.
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ํ˜„์žฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:36
Now what does it mean that the --
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ํ‰๊ท ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด,
08:38
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
08:41
the averages there -- this is the average of China.
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์ฆ‰, ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ํ‰๊ท ์ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์Šจ ์˜๋ฏธ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
08:44
If I would split China, look here,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์ค‘๊ตญ์„ ์ง€์—ญ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ฉด
08:46
Shanghai has already catched up.
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์ƒํ•˜์ด๋Š” ๋ฒŒ์จ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:49
Shanghai is already there.
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์ƒํ•˜์ด๋Š” ๋ฒŒ์จ ๋„๋‹ฌํ•œ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:51
And it's healthier than the United States.
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์ด๋“ค์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
08:55
But on the other hand, Guizhou, one of the poorest
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๊ทธ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ์ค‘๊ตญ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์„ฑ(็œ)์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ
08:58
inland provinces of China, is there.
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๋‚ด๋ฅ™์˜ ๊ตฌ์ด์ €์šฐ์„ฑ์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:01
And if I split Guizhou into urban and rural,
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๋˜ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ตฌ์ด์ €์šฐ์„ฑ์˜ ๋„์‹œ์™€ ์‹œ๊ณจ์„ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๋ฉด,
09:05
the rural part of Guizhou goes down there.
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๊ตฌ์ด์ €์šฐ์„ฑ์˜ ์‹œ๊ณจ์€ ์ด ๋ฐ‘์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:08
You see this enormous inequity in China,
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๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ๋น ๋ฅธ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๋ฐœ์ „์•ˆ์—,
09:11
in the midst of fast economic growth.
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋นˆ๋ถ€์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:13
And if I would also look at India,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ธ๋„๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด,
09:15
you have another type of inequity, actually, in India.
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์ธ๋„ํ˜• ๋นˆ๋ถ€ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:18
The geographical, macro-geographical difference is not so big.
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์ง€์—ญ ์ฐจ์ด, ์ฆ‰ ๋Œ€๋‹จ์œ„ ์ง€์—ญ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ํฌ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:23
Uttar Pradesh, the biggest of the states here,
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์ธ๋„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์ฃผ(ๆดฒ) ์šฐํƒ€ ํ”„๋ผ๋ฐ์‰ฌ๊ฐ€
09:25
is poorer and has a lower health than the rest of India.
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์ธ๋„ ์ „์ฒด์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ˆ˜์ž…๋„ ์ ๊ณ  ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ƒํƒœ๋„ ๋‚˜์ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:28
Kerala is flying on top there,
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์ผ€๋ž„๋ผ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋†’์ด ๋‚ ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
09:31
matching United States in health,
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๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ƒํƒœ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ง€๋งŒ,
09:33
but not in economy.
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๊ฒฝ์ œ๋Š” ๋ชป ๋ฏธ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:35
And here, Maharashtra, with Mumbai,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ญ„๋ฐ”์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด ๊ณณ ๋งˆํ•˜๋ผ์ŠคํŠธ๋ผ๋Š”
09:37
is forging forward.
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ํž˜์ฐจ๊ฒŒ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์ž‡๋„ค์š”.
09:39
Now in India, the big inequities are within the state,
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ธ๋„์—์„œ๋Š” ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๋“ค์ด ์ฃผ(ๆดฒ) ๊ฐ„์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
09:42
rather than between the states.
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์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์ฃผ(ๆดฒ) ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:44
And that is not a bad thing, in itself.
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๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋Š” ๋‚˜์œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:47
If you have a lot inequity, macro-geographical inequities
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๋Œ€๋‹จ์œ„ ์ง€์—ญ๋ณ„ ๋นˆ๋ถ€ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ํฌ๋ฉด
09:51
can be more difficult in the long term to deal with,
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์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
09:54
than if it is in the same area where you have a growth center
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๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๊ณณ์— ์„ฑ์žฅ ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์ง€์—ญ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด
09:57
relatively close to where poor people are living.
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๋นˆ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์— ๋” ์ˆ˜์›”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
10:00
No, there is one more inequity. Look there, United States.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๊ธฐ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
10:03
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
10:04
Oh, they broke my frame.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„ ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๊ฐ”๋„ค์š”!
10:06
Washington, D.C. went out here.
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์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด์‹œ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ–์— ์žˆ๋„ค์š”.
10:09
My friends at Gapminder wanted me to show this
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Gapminder์˜ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ์ด๊ฑธ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
10:12
because there is a new leader in Washington
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด์—๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ œ๋„์— ๋งŽ์€ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„
10:14
who is really concerned about the health system.
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์ƒˆ ์ง€๋„์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
10:16
And I can understand him, because Washington, D.C.
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์ดํ•ดํ•  ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋„ค์š”. ์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด์€
10:19
is so rich over there
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๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ๋ฐ
10:22
but they are not as healthy as Kerala.
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๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ƒํƒœ๋Š” ์ผ€๋ž„๋ผ์ฃผ๋งŒ๋„ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:24
It's quite interesting, isn't it?
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์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ์ฃ , ์•ˆ ๊ทธ๋ž˜์š”?
10:26
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
10:31
I can see a business opportunity for Kerala,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ธฐ์— ์ผ€๋ž„๋ผ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ œ๋„๋ฅผ
10:34
helping fix the health system in the United States.
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๊ณ ์ณ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ผ์ด ์‚ฌ์—…์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์–ด ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:36
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
10:38
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
10:40
Now here we have the whole world. You have the legend down there.
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์ž, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ค๋ช…์€ ๋ฐ‘์— ์žˆ๊ณ ์š”.
10:43
And when you see the two giant cats here, pushing forward,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด ๋Œ€ํ˜• ๊ณ ์–‘์ด ๋‘ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ „์ง„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ ,
10:47
you see that in between them
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๊ทธ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์™€
10:49
and ahead of them,
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๊ทธ๋“ค ์•ž์—
10:51
is the whole emerging economies of the world,
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์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹ ํฅ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
10:53
which Thomas Friedman so correctly called the "flat world."
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ํ† ๋งˆ์Šค ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋งŒ์ด "ํ‰ํ‰ํ•œ ์„ธ๊ณ„" ๋ผ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์ง€์ ํ•œ ๊ทธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:57
You can see that in health and education,
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๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ์„ธ๊ณ„์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด
10:59
a large part of the world population is putting forward,
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๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฉด์— ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
11:02
but in Africa, and other parts,
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์™€ ๊ทธ ์™ธ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ
11:04
as in rural Guizhou in China,
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๊ตฌ์ด์ €์šฐ์„ฑ์˜ ์‹œ๊ณจ์ง€์—ญ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณณ์—
11:06
there is still people with low health and very low economy.
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์•„์ง๋„ ๋งค์šฐ ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ•,๊ฒฝ์ œ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:09
We have an enormous disparity in the world.
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์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์—๋Š” ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:11
But most of the world in the middle are pushing forwards very fast.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์ด ๊ธ‰์†๋„๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:16
Now, back to my projections.
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์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์˜ˆ์ธก์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:18
When will it catch up? I have to go back to very conventional graph.
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์–ธ์ œ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์žก์„๊นŒ์š”? ๋„ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋’ค๋กœ ๋Œ๋ ค๋ณด์ง€์š”.
11:23
I will show income per person on this axis instead,
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์ˆ˜์ง์ถ•์—๋Š” 1์ธ๋‹น ์ˆ˜์ต์„ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:26
poor down here, rich up there.
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์•„๋ž˜๋Š” ๋นˆ๊ณคํ•˜๊ณ , ์œ„๋Š” ๋ถ€์œ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:28
And then time here, from 1858
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์ˆ˜ํ‰์ถ•์—๋Š” 1858๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์˜ ๋…„๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:30
I start the world.
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์ด์ œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:32
And we shall see what will happen with these countries.
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์ด ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์‹ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:35
You see, China under foreign domination
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์™ธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ง€๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ์„ ๋ณด๋‹ˆ,
11:38
actually lowered their income and came down to the Indian level here.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ž…์ด ์ค„์–ด ์ธ๋„์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‚ด๋ ค ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:41
Whereas U.K. and United States is getting richer and richer.
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ์˜๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ์ ์  ๋” ๋ถ€์œ ํ•ด ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:45
And after Second World War, United States is richer than U.K.
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2์ฐจ ๋Œ€์ „์ด ๋๋‚œ ํ›„์—๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ์˜๊ตญ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ถ€์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:48
But independence is coming here.
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์ด ๊ณณ ์ธ๋„์—๋Š” ๋…๋ฆฝ์ด ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:50
Growth is starting, economic reform.
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์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ œ๋„๋„ ๊ฐœํŽธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:52
Growth is faster, and with projection from IMF
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์„ฑ์žฅ์€ ๋นจ๋ผ์ง€๊ณ , ๊ตญ์ œ ํ†ตํ™”๊ธฐ๊ธˆ (IMF)์˜ ์˜ˆ์ธก์— ์˜ํ•ด
11:55
you can see where you expect them to be in 2014.
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2014๋…„์— ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ์„ ์ง€ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:59
Now, the question is, "When will the catch up take place?"
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ "์–ธ์ œ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์žก์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ƒ?" ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:04
Look at, look at the United States.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
12:06
Can you see the bubble?
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๊ฑฐํ’ˆ์ด ๋ณด์ด์ฃ ?
12:08
The bubbles, not my bubbles,
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๊ฑฐํ’ˆ์ด์š”, ๋‚ด ๋ฐฉ์šธ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
12:10
but the financial bubbles.
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์žฌ์ • ๊ฑฐํ’ˆ ๋ง์ด์—์š”.
12:12
That's the dot com bubble. This is the Lehman Brothers doorstep there.
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์ €๊ฑฐ๋Š” dot.com ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๊ฑฐํ’ˆ์ด๊ณ , ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฆฌ๋งŒ ๋ธŒ๋ผ๋”์Šค์˜ ๊ฑฐํ’ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:17
You see it came down there.
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์ €๊ธฐ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ณด์ด์‹œ์ฃ ?
12:19
And it seems this is another rock coming down there, you know.
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๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋ฐ”์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:24
So they doesn't seem to go this way, these countries.
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์ด ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์€ ์ด ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์ง€ ์•Š๋„ค์š”.
12:27
They seem to go in a more humble growth way, you know.
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์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๋” ๋ณ€๋ณ€์ฐฎ์€ ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ถค๋„์— ์ง„์ž…ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋„ค์š”.
12:30
And people interested in growth
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์„ฑ์žฅ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
12:32
are turning their eyes towards Asia.
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์•„์‹œ์•„์— ๋ˆˆ๊ธธ์„ ๋Œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:35
I can compare to Japan. This is Japan coming up.
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์ผ๋ณธ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด๋ณด์ฃ . ์ด๊ฒŒ ์ผ๋ณธ์˜ ์ง„ํ–‰์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:38
You see, Japan did it like that.
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๋ณด์„ธ์˜ค, ์ผ๋ณธ์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์˜ฌ๋ผ ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:40
We add Japan to it.
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์ผ๋ณธ์„ ํ•ฉ์ณ ๋ณด๋ฉด
12:42
And there is no doubt that fast catch up
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๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์žก์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
12:45
can take place.
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ํ™•์‹คํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:47
Can you see here what Japan did?
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ผ๋ณธ์˜ ํ–‰๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
12:49
Japan did it like this, until full catch up,
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์ผ๋ณธ์€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์˜ฌ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์˜ฌ๋ผ ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:51
and then they follow with the other high-income economies.
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๊ทธ ํ›„์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณ ์†Œ๋“ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:55
But the real projections for those ones,
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์ด ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ์ง„์งœ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋Š”
12:58
I would like to give it like this.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์žก๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:03
Can be worse, can be better.
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์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋‚ซ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜...
13:05
It's always difficult to predict, especially about the future.
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:09
Now, a historian tells me it's even more difficult to predict about the past.
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์—ญ์‚ฌ ํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ...
13:12
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
13:14
I think I'm in a difficult position here.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ฒ˜์ง€์— ๋†“์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๊ตฐ์š”.
13:17
Inequalities in China and India
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์ค‘๊ตญ๊ณผ ์ธ๋„ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ ๋นˆ๋ถ€์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€
13:19
I consider really the big obstacle
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ํฐ ๊ฑฐ์นจ๋Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:23
because to bring the entire population into growth and prosperity
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด, ์ „์ฒด ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์„ ๋ถ€์œ ์™€ ์„ฑ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋Œ๋ ค๋ฉด
13:27
is what will create a domestic market,
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๋‚ด์ˆ˜ ์‹œ์žฅ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ 
13:29
what will avoid social instability,
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์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •์„ ๋ฐฐ์ œํ•˜์—ฌ
13:32
and which will make use of the entire capacity
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๊ตญ๋ฏผ ์ „์ฒด์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ
13:35
of the population.
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ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:37
So, social investments in health, education and infrastructure,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ๊ฑด๊ฐ•, ๊ต์œก, ์ธํ”„๋ผ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
13:41
and electricity is really what is needed in India and China.
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ํˆฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ค‘๊ตญ๊ณผ ์ธ๋„์— ๊ผญ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:47
You know the climate. We have great international experts
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๊ธฐํ›„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•„์‹œ์ฃ . ์ธ๋„์˜ ๊ตญ์ œ์ ์ธ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด
13:50
within India telling us that the climate is changing,
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๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰์ค‘์ด๋ฉฐ,
13:53
and actions has to be taken,
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์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด
13:55
otherwise China and India would be the countries
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์ค‘๊ตญ๊ณผ ์ธ๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ
13:58
most to suffer from climate change.
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ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:00
And I consider India and China the best partners in the world
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ธ๋„์™€ ์ค‘๊ตญ์ด ์ข‹์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ฐฉ์นจ์˜
14:03
in a good global climate policy.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:06
But they ain't going to pay
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋” ๋ถ€์ž์ธ
14:08
for what others, who have more money,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์ €์งˆ๋Ÿฌ ๋†“์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด
14:10
have largely created, and I can agree on that.
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๋ˆ์„ ์“ฐ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์„ํ…Œ์ง€์š”.
14:13
But what I'm really worried about is war.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ „์Ÿ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:16
Will the former rich countries really accept
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์ „์— ๋ถ€์ž์˜€๋˜ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์ด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฐ”๋€
14:18
a completely changed world economy,
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ฒด์ œ๋ฅผ ์šฉ๋‚ฉํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
14:21
and a shift of power away from where it has been
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๋‚œ 50๋…„์—์„œ 100๋…„๊ฐ„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•ด ์˜จ
14:24
the last 50 to 100 to 150 years,
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์ฃผ๋„๊ถŒ์ด ์•„์‹œ์•„๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
14:26
back to Asia?
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์šฉ๋‚ฉํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
14:28
And will Asia be able to handle that
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„์‹œ์•„๊ฐ€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์ฃผ๋„๊ถŒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 
14:30
new position of being in charge
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ํž˜์žˆ๋Š” ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ
14:32
of being the most mighty, and the governors of the world?
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์ž˜ ๊ฐ๋‹นํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
14:35
So, always avoid war,
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์ „์Ÿ์€ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ํ”ผํ•ด์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:37
because that always pushes human beings backward.
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์ „์Ÿ์€ ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ์ธ๋ฅ˜์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ›„ํ‡ด์‹œ์ผฐ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
14:40
Now if these inequalities, climate and war can be avoided,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋นˆ๋ถ€์˜ ์ฐจ์ด, ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ์ „์Ÿ์„ ํ”ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
14:44
get ready for a world in equity,
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ํ‰๋“ฑ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งž์ด ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
14:47
because this is what seems to be happening.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด๊ฒŒ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
14:50
And that vision that I got as a young student,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ 1972๋…„์— ์ Š์€ ํ•™์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋˜
14:52
1972, that Indians can be much better than Swedes,
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์ธ๋„์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์Šค์›จ๋ด์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋Šฅ๊ฐ€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ž€
14:58
is just about to happen.
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์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ํ˜„์‹ค์— ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋ ค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:00
And it will happen precisely
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒŒ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‚ ์€
15:03
the year 2048
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2048๋…„
15:07
in the later part of the summer, in July,
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๋Šฆ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„, 7์›”
15:10
more precisely, the 27th of July.
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๋” ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ 7์›” 27์ผ์— ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:13
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
15:21
The 27th of July, 2048
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2048๋…„ 7์›” 27์ผ์€
15:25
is my 100th birthday.
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์ œ 100์‚ด ์ƒ์ผ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:27
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
15:29
And I expect to speak
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋•Œ ์ œ 39ํšŒ TED India์—์„œ
15:31
in the first session of the 39th TED India.
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์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ํ•˜๋ฆฌ๋ผ ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:35
Get your bookings in time. Thank you very much.
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๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ์˜ˆ์•ฝํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:38
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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