Wade Davis: Cultures at the far edge of the world

386,611 views ใƒป 2007-01-12

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฒ€ํ† : John Lynch
00:25
You know, one of the intense pleasures of travel
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์—ฌํ–‰์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์›€ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด์ž
00:28
and one of the delights of ethnographic research
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๋ฏผ์†์ง€ํ•™์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ์จ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
00:30
is the opportunity to live amongst those
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๊ตฌ์‹ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
00:32
who have not forgotten the old ways,
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์•„์ง๋„ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ ์†์—์„œ ์˜›๋‚ ์„ ๋Š๋ผ๋ฉฐ
00:34
who still feel their past in the wind,
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๋น—๋ฌผ์ด ๊นŽ์•„๋‚ด๋ฆฐ ๋Œ์—์„œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ์ง€๊ณ 
00:37
touch it in stones polished by rain,
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์‹๋ฌผ์˜ ์Œ‰์Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋ง›๋ณด๋Š”
00:40
taste it in the bitter leaves of plants.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ํ‹ˆ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:42
Just to know that Jaguar shamans still journey beyond the Milky Way,
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์žฌ๊ทœ์–ด ์ฃผ์ˆ ์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ์•„์ง๋„ ์€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ๋„ˆ๋จธ๋กœ ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
00:46
or the myths of the Inuit elders still resonate with meaning,
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์ด๋ˆ„์ดํŠธ ๋…ธ์ธ๋“ค์˜ ์ „์„ค์ด ์•„์ง๋„ ์˜๋ฏธ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์šธ๋ คํผ์ง€๋ฉฐ,
00:50
or that in the Himalaya,
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ํžˆ๋ง๋ผ์•ผ์—์„œ๋Š”
00:53
the Buddhists still pursue the breath of the Dharma,
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๋ถˆ๊ต๋„๋“ค์ด ์•„์ง๋„ ๋ฒ•์˜ ์ˆจ๊ฒฐ์„ ์ฐพ์•„ ์ •์ง„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„
00:57
is to really remember the central revelation of anthropology,
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์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์ธ๋ฅ˜ํ•™์ด ๋ฐํ˜€๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ ,
01:00
and that is the idea that the world in which we live
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Š”
01:03
does not exist in some absolute sense,
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์–ด๋–ค ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
01:05
but is just one model of reality,
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ํ˜„์‹ค์˜ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ผ ๋ฟ์ž„์„,
01:06
the consequence of one particular set of adaptive choices
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๋น„๋ก ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ด๊ธด ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์†ํ•œ ํ˜ˆํ†ต์ด ์ˆ˜์„ธ๋Œ€ ์ „์— ๋‚ด๋ ธ๋˜
01:10
that our lineage made, albeit successfully, many generations ago.
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์ ์‘์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํŠน์ • ์„ ํƒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ž„์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:15
And of course, we all share the same adaptive imperatives.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๋Š” ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ด ์ ์‘ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
We're all born. We all bring our children into the world.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์ž๋…€๋“ค์„ ์„ธ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ณด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:21
We go through initiation rites.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ๋…„์‹์„ ๊ฑฐ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:23
We have to deal with the inexorable separation of death,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—„์—ฐํ•œ ์ฃฝ์Œ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ณ„์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:25
so it shouldn't surprise us that we all sing, we all dance,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋…ธ๋ž˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ถค์ถ˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋†€๋ผ์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:29
we all have art.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:31
But what's interesting is the unique cadence of the song,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ ๋ฌธํ™”์— ๋‹ด๊ฒจ์žˆ๋Š”
01:34
the rhythm of the dance in every culture.
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๊ณ ์œ ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ž˜์˜ ์šด์œจ๊ณผ ์ถค์˜ ๋ฆฌ๋“ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
And whether it is the Penan in the forests of Borneo,
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๋ณด๋ฅด๋„ค์˜ค ์ˆฒ์˜ ํŽ˜๋‚œ์กฑ์ด๋“ 
01:39
or the Voodoo acolytes in Haiti,
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์•„์ดํ‹ฐ์˜ ๋ถ€๋‘๊ต ๋ณต์‚ฌ๋“ 
01:43
or the warriors in the Kaisut desert of Northern Kenya,
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๋ถ๋ถ€ ์ผ€๋ƒ ์นด์ด์ˆ˜ํŠธ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰์˜ ์ „์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด๋“ 
01:49
the Curandero in the mountains of the Andes,
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์•ˆ๋ฐ์Šค ์‚ฐ๋งฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์ˆ ์‚ฌ์ด๋“ 
01:52
or a caravanserai in the middle of the Sahara --
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์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ ํ•œ๋ณตํŒ์˜ ์นด๋ผ๋ฐ˜์„ธ๋ผ์ด๋“  ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:57
this is incidentally the fellow that I traveled into the desert with
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์ด ์นœ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ ์ „์— ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ์—ฐํžˆ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰๊นŒ์ง€ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ–ˆ๋˜
01:59
a month ago --
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:00
or indeed a yak herder in the slopes of Qomolangma,
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์ดˆ๋ชจ๋ž‘๋งˆ ์‚ฐ ๋น„ํƒˆ์˜ ์•ผํฌ ๋ชฐ์ด๊พผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
Everest, the goddess mother of the world.
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์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ ์‹ ์ธ ์—๋ฒ ๋ ˆ์ŠคํŠธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
All of these peoples teach us that there are other ways of being,
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•,
02:08
other ways of thinking,
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๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•,
02:09
other ways of orienting yourself in the Earth.
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์ง€๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:11
And this is an idea, if you think about it,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์€
02:13
can only fill you with hope.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ์˜ค์ง ํฌ๋ง์œผ๋กœ ์ฑ„์›Œ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:15
Now, together the myriad cultures of the world
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์ด์ œ, ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ฌด์ˆ˜ํ•œ ๋ฌธํ™”๋“ค์ด ๋‹คํ•จ๊ป˜
02:18
make up a web of spiritual life and cultural life
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์˜์ ์ธ ์ƒ๋ช…๊ณผ ๋ฌธํ™”์ ์ธ ์ƒ๋ช…์˜ ๋ง์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด
02:22
that envelops the planet,
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์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์‹ธ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:24
and is as important to the well-being of the planet
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์ƒ๋ฌผ๊ถŒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์ƒ๋ช…์˜ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ ์ธ ๋ง์ด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋งŒํผ
02:26
as indeed is the biological web of life that you know as a biosphere.
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์ด ๋˜ํ•œ ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ์•ˆ๋…•์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:29
And you might think of this cultural web of life
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ด ์ƒ๋ช…์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”์ ์ธ ๋ง์„
02:32
as being an ethnosphere,
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์ธ์ข…๊ถŒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:33
and you might define the ethnosphere
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์ธ์ข…๊ถŒ์€
02:35
as being the sum total of all thoughts and dreams, myths,
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์˜์‹์ด ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚œ ์ด๋ž˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒ์ƒ๋ ฅ์ด
02:38
ideas, inspirations, intuitions brought into being
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๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ธ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ƒ๊ฐ, ๊ฟˆ, ์‹ ํ™”, ์•„์ด๋””์–ด, ์˜๊ฐ, ์ง๊ด€์˜
02:41
by the human imagination since the dawn of consciousness.
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์ดํ•ฉ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ •์˜๋‚ด๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:45
The ethnosphere is humanity's great legacy.
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์ธ์ข…๊ถŒ์€ ์ธ๋ฅ˜์˜ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ์œ ์‚ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:48
It's the symbol of all that we are
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๋†€๋ž๋„๋ก ํƒ๊ตฌ์ ์ธ ์ข…์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์กด์žฌ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ
02:50
and all that we can be as an astonishingly inquisitive species.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์ƒ์ง•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:55
And just as the biosphere has been severely eroded,
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์ƒ๋ช…๊ถŒ์ด ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์†์ƒ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
02:58
so too is the ethnosphere
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์ธ์ข…๊ถŒ ๋˜ํ•œ ์†์ƒ๋˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:00
-- and, if anything, at a far greater rate.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋„ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์†๋„๋กœ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:02
No biologists, for example, would dare suggest
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์–ด๋–ค ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ž๋„ ๊ฐํžˆ
03:04
that 50 percent of all species or more have been or are
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ข…์˜ 50% ์ด์ƒ์ด ๋ฉธ์ข…๋˜์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
03:07
on the brink of extinction because it simply is not true,
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๋ฉธ์ข… ์ง์ „์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
and yet that -- the most apocalyptic scenario
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
03:11
in the realm of biological diversity --
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข…๋ง์ ์ธ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:14
scarcely approaches what we know to be the most optimistic scenario
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธํ™”์  ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ
03:17
in the realm of cultural diversity.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚™๊ด€์ ์ธ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋ผ๊ณ  ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๊ทผ์ ‘ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:19
And the great indicator of that, of course, is language loss.
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ๊ทธ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด ์ƒ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:22
When each of you in this room were born,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ณ„์‹  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ฌ์„ ๋•Œ๋Š”
03:25
there were 6,000 languages spoken on the planet.
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์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์— 6,000๊ฐœ์˜ ์–ธ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:28
Now, a language is not just a body of vocabulary
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์–ธ์–ด๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์–ดํœ˜์˜ ์กฐํ•ฉ์ด๋‚˜
03:31
or a set of grammatical rules.
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๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์ธ ๊ทœ์น™ ์„ธํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:33
A language is a flash of the human spirit.
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์–ธ์–ด๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์˜ํ˜ผ์˜ ์„ฌ๊ด‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:35
It's a vehicle through which the soul of each particular culture
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์–ธ์–ด๋Š” ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ๊ฐ ๋ฌธํ™”์˜ ์˜ํ˜ผ์ด
03:38
comes into the material world.
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๋ฌผ์งˆ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๋Š” ํ†ต๋กœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:39
Every language is an old-growth forest of the mind,
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๊ฐ ์–ธ์–ด๋Š” ์ •์‹ , ๋ถ„์ˆ˜๋ น, ์ƒ๊ฐ, ์˜์  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„
03:42
a watershed, a thought, an ecosystem of spiritual possibilities.
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์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๋‚˜๋ฌด์ˆฒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
And of those 6,000 languages, as we sit here today in Monterey,
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๊ทธ 6,000๊ฐœ์˜ ์–ธ์–ด ์ค‘์—์„œ, ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ชฌํ…Œ๋ ˆ์ด์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ,
03:50
fully half are no longer being whispered into the ears of children.
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ฐ˜ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ์ด์ œ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“ค์˜ ๊ท“๊ฐ€์— ์†์‚ญ์—ฌ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:54
They're no longer being taught to babies,
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๋” ์ด์ƒ ์•„๊ธฐ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:57
which means, effectively, unless something changes,
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์ด ๋ง์€ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€๋Š”
03:59
they're already dead.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ์ฃฝ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ์–ธ์–ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:00
What could be more lonely than to be enveloped in silence,
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์นจ๋ฌต์— ์‹ธ์—ฌ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์™ธ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
04:04
to be the last of your people to speak your language,
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์ž๊ธฐ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ์ค‘์— ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋˜์–ด์„œ
04:06
to have no way to pass on the wisdom of the ancestors
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์กฐ์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ์ง€ํ˜œ๋ฅผ ๋ฌผ๋ ค์ค„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋„ ์—†๊ณ 
04:09
or anticipate the promise of the children?
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์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“ค์˜ ์•ฝ์†์„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†์ด ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:12
And yet, that dreadful fate is indeed the plight of somebody
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌด์„œ์šด ์šด๋ช…์ด 2์ฃผ๋งˆ๋‹ค
04:15
somewhere on Earth roughly every two weeks,
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์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์˜ ์–ด๋”˜๊ฐ€์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ฅ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:17
because every two weeks, some elder dies
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2์ฃผ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋…ธ์ธ๋“ค์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋– ๋‚˜๊ณ 
04:19
and carries with him into the grave the last syllables
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๊ทธ ๋…ธ์ธ์ด ๋ฌด๋ค์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ์งˆ ๋•Œ
04:21
of an ancient tongue.
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์˜› ์–ธ์–ด์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์Œ์ ˆ ๋˜ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:23
And I know there's some of you who say, "Well, wouldn't it be better,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ค‘์—๋Š” "๊ธ€์Ž„, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
04:25
wouldn't the world be a better place
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์„ธ์ƒ์ด ๋” ๋‚˜์•„์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ?"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ„์ด
04:26
if we all just spoke one language?" And I say, "Great,
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๊ณ„์‹ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ €๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:29
let's make that language Yoruba. Let's make it Cantonese.
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"์ข‹์•„์š”. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๊ทธ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์š”๋ฃจ๋ฐ”์–ด๋กœ ํ•˜์ฃ . ๊ด‘๋™์–ด๋กœ ํ•˜๋˜๊ฐ€.
04:32
Let's make it Kogi."
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์ฝ”๊ธฐ์–ด๋กœ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?"
04:33
And you'll suddenly discover what it would be like
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ์ด์ œ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด
04:35
to be unable to speak your own language.
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์–ด๋–ค ๋Š๋‚Œ์ธ์ง€ ์‹ค๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:38
And so, what I'd like to do with you today
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€
04:41
is sort of take you on a journey through the ethnosphere,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ธ์ข…๊ถŒ์„ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:45
a brief journey through the ethnosphere,
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์ธ์ข…๊ถŒ์„ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•˜๋Š” ์งง์€ ์—ฌ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
04:47
to try to begin to give you a sense of what in fact is being lost.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์ƒ์‹ค๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์‹ค๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์‹ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:52
Now, there are many of us who sort of forget
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—๋„, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค ์ค‘์—๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ "๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ
04:59
that when I say "different ways of being,"
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์ •๋ง๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
05:01
I really do mean different ways of being.
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์žŠ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹  ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:04
Take, for example, this child of a Barasana in the Northwest Amazon,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์•„๋งˆ์กด ๋ถ์„œ๋ถ€ ๋ฐ”๋ผ์‚ฌ๋‚˜์กฑ ์•„์ด,
05:09
the people of the anaconda
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์ด ์•„๋‚˜์ฝ˜๋‹ค ๋ถ€์กฑ์€
05:10
who believe that mythologically they came up the milk river
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์‹ ํ™”์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์ด ์„ฑ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋ฑ€์˜ ๋ฐฐ์—์„œ
05:12
from the east in the belly of sacred snakes.
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๋™์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์šฐ์œ ๊ฐ•์œผ๋กœ ์™”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:15
Now, this is a people who cognitively
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด ๋ถ€์กฑ์€ ์ธ์ง€์ ์œผ๋กœ
05:18
do not distinguish the color blue from the color green
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ํŒŒ๋ž€์ƒ‰๊ณผ ์ดˆ๋ก์ƒ‰์„ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:20
because the canopy of the heavens
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ํ•˜๋Š˜์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฎ๊ฐœ์™€
05:22
is equated to the canopy of the forest
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์ˆฒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฎ๊ฐœ๋Š” ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
05:23
upon which the people depend.
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์ด์— ์˜์กดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
05:25
They have a curious language and marriage rule
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์ด ๋ถ€์กฑ์—๋Š” ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์–ธ์–ด์™€ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ ๊ทœ์น™์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
05:28
which is called "linguistic exogamy:"
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์–ธ์–ดํ•™์  ์ด์กฑ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:30
you must marry someone who speaks a different language.
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์ฆ‰, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:33
And this is all rooted in the mythological past,
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์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‹ ํ™”์ ์ธ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๊ทธ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:35
yet the curious thing is in these long houses,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ผ์ด ์ง‘์•ˆ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:37
where there are six or seven languages spoken
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์–ธ์–ดํ•™์  ์ด์กฑ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ ๋•๋ถ„์—
05:39
because of intermarriage,
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์ง‘์•ˆ์—์„œ ์—ฌ์„ฏ๊ฐœ๋‚˜ ์ผ๊ณฑ๊ฐœ์˜ ์–ธ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:41
you never hear anyone practicing a language.
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์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๊ฐ™์€ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:44
They simply listen and then begin to speak.
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๋‹จ์ง€ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:47
Or, one of the most fascinating tribes I ever lived with,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ด์•˜๋˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งคํ˜น์ ์ธ ๋ถ€์กฑ๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
05:49
the Waorani of northeastern Ecuador,
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์—์ฝฐ๋„๋ฅด ๋ถ๋™๋ถ€์˜ ์™€์˜ค๋ผ๋‹ˆ์กฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:53
an astonishing people first contacted peacefully in 1958.
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1958๋…„์— ํ‰ํ™”๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์ฒซ ์ ‘์ด‰์„ ํ•œ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๋ถ€์กฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:56
In 1957, five missionaries attempted contact
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1957๋…„์— ์„ ๊ต์‚ฌ ๋‹ค์„ฏ๋ช…์ด ์ ‘์ด‰์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
06:00
and made a critical mistake.
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์ค‘๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฒ”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:01
They dropped from the air
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์ด ์„ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ๊ณต์ค‘์—์„œ
06:02
8 x 10 glossy photographs of themselves
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8x10 ์‚ฌ์ด์ฆˆ์˜ ๊ด‘ํƒ์ง€์— ์ธํ™”ํ•œ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋–จ์–ด๋œจ๋ ค์ฃผ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
06:04
in what we would say to be friendly gestures,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์นœ์ ˆํ•œ ํ–‰๋™์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ,
06:06
forgetting that these people of the rainforest
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์ด ์—ด๋Œ€์šฐ๋ฆผ ๋ถ€์กฑ๋“ค์ด
06:08
had never seen anything two-dimensional in their lives.
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ํ‰์ƒ 2์ฐจ์›์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋Š” ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:11
They picked up these photographs from the forest floor,
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๋ถ€์กฑ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ˆฒ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์—์„œ ์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„๋“ค์„ ์ฃผ์›Œ
06:13
tried to look behind the face to find the form or the figure,
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์–ผ๊ตด ๋’ค์ชฝ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋‚˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ์ฐพ์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ์• ๋ฅผ ์ผ๋Š”๋ฐ,
06:16
found nothing, and concluded that these were calling cards
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์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ž, ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„๋“ค์ด ์•…๋งˆ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ผ๊ณ 
06:18
from the devil, so they speared the five missionaries to death.
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๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ง“๊ณ , ๋‹ค์„ฏ๋ช…์˜ ์„ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐ”๋Ÿฌ ์ฃฝ์ด๊ณ  ๋ง์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:22
But the Waorani didn't just spear outsiders.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์™€์˜ค๋ผ๋‹ˆ์กฑ์€ ์™ธ๋ถ€์ธ๋“ค๋งŒ ์ฐฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐŒ๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:24
They speared each other.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์„œ๋กœ ์„œ๋กœ ์ฐฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐŒ๋ฅด๊ณ  ๋ง์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:25
54 percent of their mortality was due to them spearing each other.
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์‚ฌ๋ง์˜ 54%๊ฐ€ ์„œ๋กœ ์ฐฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐ”๋Ÿฌ์„œ ์ƒ๊ธด ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:28
We traced genealogies back eight generations,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿ์„ธ๋Œ€๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ„๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์Šฌ๋Ÿฌ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ”๋Š”๋ฐ,
06:31
and we found two instances of natural death
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์ž์—ฐ์‚ฌํ•œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:33
and when we pressured the people a little bit about it,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ด๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ถ”๊ถํ–ˆ๋”๋‹ˆ,
06:35
they admitted that one of the fellows had gotten so old
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๋ถ€์กฑ์˜ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋Š™์–ด์„œ
06:37
that he died getting old, so we speared him anyway. (Laughter)
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๋…ธ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ์–ด์จŒ๋“  ์ฐฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐ”๋ €๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์›ƒ์Œ)
06:41
But at the same time they had a perspicacious knowledge
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ด ๋ถ€์กฑ์€ ์ˆฒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ†ต์ฐฐ๋ ฅ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€์‹์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
06:44
of the forest that was astonishing.
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์•„์ฃผ ๋†€๋ผ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:45
Their hunters could smell animal urine at 40 paces
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์ด ๋ถ€์กฑ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ๊พผ๋“ค์€ 40๊ฑธ์Œ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋„ ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ์†Œ๋ณ€ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๋ฅผ ๋งก๊ณ ,
06:48
and tell you what species left it behind.
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์–ด๋–ค ์ข…๋“ค์ด ๋‚จ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ๊ฐ„ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ๋งํ•ด์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:51
In the early '80s, I had a really astonishing assignment
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80๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดˆ๋ฐ˜์—, ์ €๋Š” ์ •๋ง ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:53
when I was asked by my professor at Harvard
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ํ•˜๋ฒ„๋“œ์—์„œ ์ œ ๊ต์ˆ˜๋‹˜์ด ์ €์—๊ฒŒ
06:55
if I was interested in going down to Haiti,
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์•„์ดํ‹ฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ€์„œ
06:58
infiltrating the secret societies
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๋“€๋ฐœ๋ฆฌ์—์™€ ํ†ตํ†ต ๋งˆ์ฟ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋„์™”๋˜
07:00
which were the foundation of Duvalier's strength
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๋น„๋ฐ€ ๋‹จ์ฒด์— ์ž ์ž…ํ•ด์„œ
07:02
and Tonton Macoutes,
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์ข€๋น„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๋…์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
07:03
and securing the poison used to make zombies.
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๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌผ์œผ์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:06
In order to make sense out of sensation, of course,
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ง์ด ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด๋ ค๋ฉด,
07:09
I had to understand something about this remarkable faith
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์ด ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๋ณด๋‘” ์‹ ์•™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:12
of Vodoun. And Voodoo is not a black magic cult.
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๋ถ€๋‘๋Š” ํ‘๋งˆ์ˆ  ์ˆญ๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:15
On the contrary, it's a complex metaphysical worldview.
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๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ, ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ ์ธ ํ˜•์ด์ƒํ•™์  ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ด€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:18
It's interesting.
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ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:19
If I asked you to name the great religions of the world,
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์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ข…๊ต๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€๋ณด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด,
07:20
what would you say?
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๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
07:21
Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Judaism, whatever.
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๊ธฐ๋…๊ต, ์ด์Šฌ๋žŒ, ๋ถˆ๊ต, ์œ ๋Œ€๊ต...
07:24
There's always one continent left out,
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ œ์™ธ๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ฅ™์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:26
the assumption being that sub-Saharan Africa
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์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ ์ด๋‚จ์˜ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์—๋Š” ์ข…๊ต๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š”
07:28
had no religious beliefs. Well, of course, they did
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๊ฐ€์ •๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ง์ด์ง€์š”. ๋ฌผ๋ก , ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:30
and Voodoo is simply the distillation
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๋ถ€๋‘๋Š” ์ด ๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ์‹ฌ์˜คํ•œ ์ข…๊ต์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€
07:33
of these very profound religious ideas
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์ •์ œ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:34
that came over during the tragic Diaspora of the slavery era.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋น„๊ทน์ ์ธ ๋…ธ์˜ˆ ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ๋””์•„์Šคํฌ๋ผ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์ค‘์— ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:37
But, what makes Voodoo so interesting
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, ๋ถ€๋‘๋ฅผ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
07:39
is that it's this living relationship
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์‚ฐ ์ž์™€ ์ฃฝ์€ ์ž ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ
07:41
between the living and the dead.
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์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋Š” ๊ด€๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:42
So, the living give birth to the spirits.
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์‚ฐ ์ž๋Š” ์˜ํ˜ผ์„ ๋‚ณ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:43
The spirits can be invoked from beneath the Great Water,
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์˜ํ˜ผ์€ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌผ ๋ฐ‘์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์˜ฌ๋ ค์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:46
responding to the rhythm of the dance
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์ถค์˜ ๋ฆฌ๋“ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‘์œผ๋กœ
07:48
to momentarily displace the soul of the living,
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์ž ์‹œ ์‚ฐ ์ž์˜ ์˜ํ˜ผ๊ณผ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:50
so that for that brief shining moment, the acolyte becomes the god.
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๊ทธ ์งง์€ ๋น›๋‚˜๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์—, ๋ณต์‚ฌ๋Š” ์‹ ์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:54
That's why the Voodooists like to say
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๋ถ€๋‘๊ต์ธ๋“ค์ด "๋‹น์‹ ๋„ค ๋ฐฑ์ธ๋“ค์€ ๊ตํšŒ์— ๊ฐ€์„œ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜๊ป˜ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
07:56
that "You white people go to church and speak about God.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹ ์ „์—์„œ ์ถค์„ ์ถ”๋ฉฐ ์‹ ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค."๊ณ 
07:59
We dance in the temple and become God."
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๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:01
And because you are possessed, you are taken by the spirit --
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์‹ ๋“ค๋ ธ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ์˜ํ˜ผ์— ์‚ฌ๋กœ์žกํ˜”๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—,
08:04
how can you be harmed?
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์–ด๋–ค ํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ž…์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
08:05
So you see these astonishing demonstrations:
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ด ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์‹ค์—ฐ์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:08
Voodoo acolytes in a state of trance
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๋ถ€๋‘ ๋ณต์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์•„์ง€๊ฒฝ์—์„œ
08:10
handling burning embers with impunity,
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ํƒ€์˜ค๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ถˆ์„ ์•„๋ฌด ํ•ด๋„ ์—†์ด ๋‹ค๋ฃน๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:13
a rather astonishing demonstration of the ability of the mind
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์ •์‹ ์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋†€๋ž๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:16
to affect the body that bears it
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์ •์‹ ์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๋ชธ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์–ด ๋ชธ์ด ๋ฒ„ํ…จ๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:17
when catalyzed in the state of extreme excitation.
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๊ทนํ•œ ํฅ๋ถ„ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ์ž๊ทน์„ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:21
Now, of all the peoples that I've ever been with,
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์ด์ œ, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋ถ€์กฑ๋“ค ์ค‘์—์„œ
08:23
the most extraordinary are the Kogi
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋น„์ƒํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋ถ€์กฑ์€ ์ฝ”๊ธฐ์กฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:25
of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta in northern Colombia.
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์ฝœ๋กฌ๋น„์•„ ๋ถ๋ถ€์˜ ์‹œ์—๋ผ ๋„ค๋ฐ”๋‹ค ๋ฐ ์‚ฐํƒ€ ๋งˆ๋ฅดํƒ€์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
08:28
Descendants of the ancient Tairona civilization
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๊ณ ๋Œ€ ์ฐธ์ฃผ ๋ฌธ๋ช…์˜ ํ›„์†๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:31
which once carpeted the Caribbean coastal plain of Colombia,
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์ •๋ณต ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ํ•œ ๋•Œ ์ฝœ๋กฌ๋น„์•„์˜ ์นด๋ฆฌ๋ธŒํ•ด ์—ฐ์•ˆ ํ‰์•ผ๋ฅผ
08:34
in the wake of the conquest,
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๋ฎ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
08:35
these people retreated into an isolated volcanic massif
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์นด๋ฆฌ๋ธŒํ•ด ์—ฐ์•ˆ ํ‰์•ผ ์œ„๋กœ ๋†’์ด ์†Ÿ์•„์˜ค๋ฅธ
08:38
that soars above the Caribbean coastal plain.
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๊ณ ๋ฆฝ๋œ ํ™”์‚ฐ ๋‹จ์ธต ์ง€๊ดด๋กœ ์€๋‘”ํ•ด ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:40
In a bloodstained continent,
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์œ ํ˜ˆ์ด ๋‚ญ์žํ•œ ๋Œ€๋ฅ™์—์„œ,
08:42
these people alone were never conquered by the Spanish.
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์ด ๋ถ€์กฑ๋งŒ์ด ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ •๋ณต๋‹นํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:45
To this day, they remain ruled by a ritual priesthood
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ๊นŒ์ง€, ์ด ๋ถ€์กฑ์€ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์ œ์˜์ ์ธ ์„ฑ์ง์ž์˜ ์ง€๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
08:48
but the training for the priesthood is rather extraordinary.
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์ด ๋ถ€์กฑ์˜ ์„ฑ์ง์ž ํ›ˆ๋ จ์ด ์ข€ ๋น„์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:51
The young acolytes are taken away from their families
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์–ด๋ฆฐ ๋ณต์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ์„ธ ์‚ด์ด๋‚˜ ๋„ค ์‚ด ๋•Œ
08:53
at the age of three and four,
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๊ฐ€์กฑ์„ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๋– ๋‚˜
08:55
sequestered in a shadowy world of darkness
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๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์›Œ์ง„ ์–ด๋‘์›€์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ๊ณ ๋ฆฝ๋˜์–ด
08:57
in stone huts at the base of glaciers for 18 years:
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18๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋น™ํ•˜์˜ ๊ธฐ์ €์— ๋Œ์ง‘์„ ์ง“๊ณ  ์‚ฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:01
two nine-year periods
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๋‚ณ์•„์ค€ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ์ž๊ถ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š”
09:02
deliberately chosen to mimic the nine months of gestation
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์•„ํ™‰๋‹ฌ์˜ ์ž‰ํƒœ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ ํ‰๋‚ด๋‚ด ์˜๋„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ ํƒ๋œ
09:05
they spend in their natural mother's womb;
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9๋…„์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:07
now they are metaphorically in the womb of the great mother.
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์ƒ์ง•์ ์œผ๋กœ, ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž์—ฐ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ์ž๊ถ ์†์—์„œ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:10
And for this entire time,
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์ด ์ „ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ,
09:12
they are inculturated into the values of their society,
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์ด๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜์— ํ† ์ฐฉํ™”๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:15
values that maintain the proposition that their prayers
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์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ๊ธฐ๋„๋งŒ์ด ์šฐ์ฃผ์ ์ธ --
09:17
and their prayers alone maintain the cosmic --
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๋˜๋Š” ์ƒํƒœํ•™์ ์ธ ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š”
09:20
or we might say the ecological -- balance.
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๋ช…์ œ๋ฅผ ์ง€์ผœ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์น˜๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
09:23
And at the end of this amazing initiation,
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์ด ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์„ฑ๋…„์‹ ๋์—
09:24
one day they're suddenly taken out
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์–ด๋Š๋‚  ์ด๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ ๊ณณ์„ ๋– ๋‚˜
09:26
and for the first time in their lives, at the age of 18,
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18์‚ด์ด ๋˜์–ด์„œ, ์ƒ์•  ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ,
09:29
they see a sunrise. And in that crystal moment of awareness
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์ผ์ถœ์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํƒœ์–‘์ด ๋†€๋ž๋„๋ก ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ํ’๊ฒฝ์˜
09:33
of first light as the Sun begins to bathe the slopes
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๋น„ํƒˆ์„ ์ ์‹œ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๋•Œ
09:36
of the stunningly beautiful landscape,
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๊ทธ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ๋น›์„ ๋ช…์ง•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์˜์‹ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ,
09:38
suddenly everything they have learned in the abstract
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๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ์ถ”์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์› ๋˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด
09:40
is affirmed in stunning glory. And the priest steps back
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์ˆจ๋ง‰ํž ๋“ฏํ•œ ์˜๊ด‘ ์†์— ํ™•์ธ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์ œ๋Š” ๋’ค๋กœ ํ•œ ๊ฑธ์Œ ๋ฌผ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜
09:43
and says, "You see? It's really as I've told you.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋ณด์•˜๋Š๋ƒ? ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•œ ๋Œ€๋กœ๋‹ค.
09:45
It is that beautiful. It is yours to protect."
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๊ทธํ† ๋ก ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋„ค๊ฐ€ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋„ˆ์˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค."
09:48
They call themselves the "elder brothers"
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์ด๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ์„ ํ˜•์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋ฉฐ,
09:50
and they say we, who are the younger brothers,
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๋™์ƒ์ธ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์ด
09:53
are the ones responsible for destroying the world.
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ํŒŒ๊ดด์— ์ฑ…์ž„์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:57
Now, this level of intuition becomes very important.
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์ด์ œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์„ฑ๋…„์‹์ด ๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:59
Whenever we think of indigenous people and landscape,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ† ์ฐฉ๋ฏผ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ’๊ฒฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค
10:01
we either invoke Rousseau
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฃจ์†Œ์™€
10:03
and the old canard of the "noble savage,"
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๊ทธ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๋„์‹ํ™”๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ด€๋…์ ์ธ ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ ํ–ˆ๋˜
10:06
which is an idea racist in its simplicity,
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๊ณ ์ƒํ•œ ์•ผ๋งŒ์ธ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‚ก์€ ํ—›์†Œ๋ฌธ์ด ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
10:08
or alternatively, we invoke Thoreau
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๋Œ€์‹ ์—, ์˜๋กœ์šฐ์™€
10:11
and say these people are closer to the Earth than we are.
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž์—ฐ์— ๋” ๊ฐ€๊น๋‹ค, ๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง์ด ๋– ์˜ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:13
Well, indigenous people are neither sentimental
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ํ† ์ฐฉ๋ฏผ๋“ค์€ ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ฉ˜ํƒˆํ•˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š๊ณ ,
10:15
nor weakened by nostalgia.
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ํ–ฅ์ˆ˜ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์•ฝํ•ด์ง€์ง€๋„ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:17
There's not a lot of room for either
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์•„์Šค๋ง› ๋ถ€์กฑ์˜ ๋ง๋ผ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๋Šช์ด๋‚˜
10:19
in the malarial swamps of the Asmat
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ํ‹ฐ๋ฒณ์˜ ์–ผ์–ด๋ถ™๋Š” ๋“ฏํ•œ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ ์†์—์„œ๋Š”
10:21
or in the chilling winds of Tibet, but they have, nevertheless,
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์–ด๋Š ์ชฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋“  ์—ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋ณ„๋กœ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ ,
10:24
through time and ritual, forged a traditional mystique of the Earth
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์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์ œ์˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด, ๋Œ€์ž์—ฐ์˜ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์˜๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๋งˆํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
10:28
that is based not on the idea of being self-consciously close to it,
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์ž์˜์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ž์—ฐ์— ๊ฐ€๊น๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ด€๋…์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
10:31
but on a far subtler intuition:
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ์€๋ฐ€ํ•œ ์„ฑ๋…„์‹์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:33
the idea that the Earth itself can only exist
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์ฆ‰, ๋Œ€์ž์—ฐ์€ ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋กœ ์กด์žฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๋ฟ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:37
because it is breathed into being by human consciousness.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋Œ€์ž์—ฐ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์˜์‹์— ์˜ํ•ด ์กด์žฌ์˜ ์ˆจ๊ฒฐ๋กœ ๋ถˆ์–ด๋„ฃ์–ด์กŒ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:39
Now, what does that mean?
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์ด ๋ง์ด ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋œป์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
10:41
It means that a young kid from the Andes
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์‚ฐ์—๋Š” ์•„ํ‘ธ ์˜์ด ์žˆ์–ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์šด๋ช…์„ ์ธ๋„ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ 
10:43
who's raised to believe that that mountain is an Apu spirit
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๋ฏฟ๋„๋ก ์–‘์œก๋œ
10:45
that will direct his or her destiny
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์•ˆ๋ฐ์Šค์˜ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์•„์ด๋Š”
10:47
will be a profoundly different human being
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์‚ฐ์€ ๋ฐ”์œ„ ๋”๋ฏธ์ด๋ฉฐ
10:50
and have a different relationship to that resource
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์ฑ„๊ตด์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ 
10:53
or that place than a young kid from Montana
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๋ฏฟ๋„๋ก ์–‘์œก๋œ ๋ชฌํƒœ๋‚˜์˜ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์•„์ด์™€๋Š”
10:55
raised to believe that a mountain is a pile of rock
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์‹ฌ์˜คํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด๋ฉฐ,
10:58
ready to be mined.
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๊ทธ ์ž์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:59
Whether it's the abode of a spirit or a pile of ore is irrelevant.
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์˜์ด ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋“ , ๊ด‘์„ ๋”๋ฏธ์ด๋“  ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:03
What's interesting is the metaphor that defines the relationship
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ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐœ์ธ๊ณผ ์ž์—ฐ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ฐ„์˜
11:06
between the individual and the natural world.
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๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์€์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:08
I was raised in the forests of British Columbia
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์ €๋Š” ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ์‰ฌ ์ปฌ๋Ÿผ๋น„์•„์˜ ์ˆฒ์—์„œ ์ž๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:10
to believe those forests existed to be cut.
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์ˆฒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฒ ์–ด์ง€๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
11:12
That made me a different human being
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ˆฒ์— ํ›„์ฟก์ด ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
11:14
than my friends amongst the Kwagiulth
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์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ถ์ชฝ ๋์— ํ•˜๋Š˜์˜ ์‚๋šค์–ด์ง„ ๋ถ€๋ฆฌ์™€
11:16
who believe that those forests were the abode of Huxwhukw
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์‹์ธ ์˜๋“ค์ด ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด
11:18
and the Crooked Beak of Heaven
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ํ•˜๋งˆ์ฐจ ์„ฑ๋…„์‹ ๋™์•ˆ ์ด ์˜๋“ค์ด
11:19
and the cannibal spirits that dwelled at the north end of the world,
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์ฐธ๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๋Š”
11:22
spirits they would have to engage during their Hamatsa initiation.
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์ฟ ์•„ํํ‹€์กฑ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ธ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:26
Now, if you begin to look at the idea
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์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ด ๋ฌธํ™”๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ์ฐฝ์กฐํ•ด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š”
11:28
that these cultures could create different realities,
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์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด,
11:30
you could begin to understand
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋น„์ƒํ•œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์„
11:31
some of their extraordinary discoveries. Take this plant here.
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์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด ์‹๋ฌผ์„ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
11:36
It's a photograph I took in the Northwest Amazon just last April.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‚œ 4์›”์— ์•„๋งˆ์กด ๋ถ์„œ๋ถ€์—์„œ ์ฐ์€ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:38
This is ayahuasca, which many of you have heard about,
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์•„์•ผ์™€์Šค์นด์ธ๋ฐ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ค‘์— ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์…จ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ,
11:41
the most powerful psychoactive preparation
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์ฃผ์ˆ ์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ์ž์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”
11:44
of the shaman's repertoire.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฐ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:46
What makes ayahuasca fascinating
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์•„์•ผ์™€์Šค์นด๋ฅผ ๋งคํ˜น์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
11:48
is not the sheer pharmacological potential of this preparation,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์•ฝํ•™์  ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
11:52
but the elaboration of it. It's made really of two different sources:
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๊ทธ ์ •๊ตํ•จ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ž์›์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:56
on the one hand, this woody liana
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ํ•œ ํŽธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”, ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ๋ฒ ํƒ€ ์นด๋ณผ๋ฆฐ๊ณผ
11:58
which has in it a series of beta-carbolines,
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ํ•˜๋ฅด๋ฏผ, ํ•˜๋ฅด๋ชฐ๋ฆฐ ๋“ฑ์„ ํ•จ์œ ํ•œ
12:00
harmine, harmaline, mildly hallucinogenic --
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๋ชฉ๋ณธ์˜ ๋ฉ๊ตด ์‹๋ฌผ์ธ๋ฐ, ๊ฒฝํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฐ ์œ ๋ฐœ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:03
to take the vine alone
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์ด ๋ฉ๊ตด ์‹๋ฌผ๋งŒ ๋จน์œผ๋ฉด,
12:05
is rather to have sort of blue hazy smoke
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์ผ์ข…์˜ ํ‘ธ๋ฅธ ์—ฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€
12:07
drift across your consciousness --
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์˜์‹ ์†์„ ๋– ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
12:09
but it's mixed with the leaves of a shrub in the coffee family
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์ด ๋ฉ๊ตด ์‹๋ฌผ์€ ์‚ฌ์ด์ฝ”ํŠธ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๋น„๋ฆฌ๋””์Šค๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š”
12:12
called Psychotria viridis.
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์ปคํ”ผ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๋ชฉ์žŽ๊ณผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:14
This plant had in it some very powerful tryptamines,
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์ด ์‹๋ฌผ์—๋Š” ๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ํŠธ๋ฆฝํ”„ํƒ€๋ฏผ,
12:17
very close to brain serotonin, dimethyltryptamine,
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๋‡Œ ์„ธ๋กœํ† ๋‹Œ ์œ ์‚ฌ ๋ฌผ์งˆ, ๋””๋ฉ”ํ‹ธํŠธ๋ฆฝํ”„ํƒ€๋ฏผ-5,
12:21
5-methoxydimethyltryptamine.
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๋ฉ”ํ†ก์‹œ๋””๋ฉ”ํ‹ธํŠธ๋ฆฝํ”„ํƒ€๋ฏผ์ด ํ•จ์œ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:22
If you've ever seen the Yanomami
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์•ผ๋…ธ๋งˆ๋ฏธ์กฑ์ด
12:24
blowing that snuff up their noses,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๋“ค์˜ ์กฐํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„
12:26
that substance they make from a different set of species
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์ฝ”๋กœ ํก์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์‹  ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
12:29
also contains methoxydimethyltryptamine.
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๊ทธ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์—๋„ ๋ฉ”ํ†ก์‹œ๋””๋ฉ”ํ‹ธํŠธ๋ฆฝํ”„ํƒ€๋ฏผ์ด ํ•จ์œ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:33
To have that powder blown up your nose
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๋ผ์ดํ”Œ ์ด์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ ๋งž์€ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
12:35
is rather like being shot out of a rifle barrel
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๋ผ์ดํ”Œ ์ด์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ ๋งž์€ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
12:39
lined with baroque paintings and landing on a sea of electricity. (Laughter)
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๋ฐ”๋กœํฌ ํšŒํ™”๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ „๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค ์œ„์— ์ฐฉ๋ฅ™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์ง€์š”.(์›ƒ์Œ)
12:46
It doesn't create the distortion of reality;
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ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ์™œ๊ณกํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:48
it creates the dissolution of reality.
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ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ์šฉํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:49
In fact, I used to argue with my professor, Richard Evan Shultes --
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ, ์ €๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ดํ‚ค๋ธ๋ฆญ ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ๋ถˆ์„ ๋ถ™์ด์‹  ๋ถ„์ธ
12:52
who is a man who sparked the psychedelic era
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๋ฆฌ์ฒ˜๋“œ ์—๋ฐ˜ ์Š์ธ  ๊ต์ˆ˜๋‹˜๊ณผ
12:54
with his discovery of the magic mushrooms
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1930๋…„๋Œ€ ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”์˜
12:56
in Mexico in the 1930s --
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ํ™˜๊ฐ ๋ฒ„์„ฏ์˜ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์„ ๋†“๊ณ  ๋…ผ์Ÿ์„ ํ•˜๊ณค ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:58
I used to argue that you couldn't classify these tryptamines
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํŠธ๋ฆฝํ”„ํƒ€๋ฏผ์„ ํ™˜๊ฐ ์œ ๋ฐœ์ œ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ 
13:00
as hallucinogenic because by the time you're under the effects
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๋…ผ์Ÿ์„ ํ•˜๊ณค ํ–ˆ์ง€์š”. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ํšจ๋ ฅ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ฆˆ์Œ์ด ๋˜๋ฉด
13:03
there's no one home anymore to experience a hallucination. (Laughter)
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ํ™˜๊ฐ์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด ์ค„ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์ฒด๋‚ด์— ์—†๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.(์›ƒ์Œ)
13:07
But the thing about tryptamines is they cannot be taken orally
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ํŠธ๋ฆฝํ”„ํƒ€๋ฏผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„๋‘˜ ๊ฒƒ์€
13:10
because they're denatured by an enzyme
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๋ชจ๋…ธ์•„๋ฏผ ์‚ฐํ™”ํšจ์†Œ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐฝ์ž์—์„œ ์ž์—ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๋Š”
13:12
found naturally in the human gut called monoamine oxidase.
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ํšจ์†Œ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ณ€์„ฑ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌ ๋ณต์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:15
They can only be taken orally if taken in conjunction
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ํŠธ๋ฆฝํ”„ํƒ€๋ฏผ์€ ๋ชจ๋…ธ์•„๋ฏผ ์‚ฐํ™”ํšจ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ณ€์„ฑ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”
13:18
with some other chemical that denatures the MAO.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ™”ํ•™๋ฌผ์งˆ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ณต์šฉํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌ ๋ณต์šฉ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:21
Now, the fascinating things
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๋งคํ˜น์ ์ธ ์ ์€
13:22
are that the beta-carbolines found within that liana
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๋ฉ๊ตด ์‹๋ฌผ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฒ ํƒ€ ์นด๋ณผ๋ฆฐ์ด
13:26
are MAO inhibitors of the precise sort necessary
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ชจ๋…ธ์•„๋ฏผ ์‚ฐํ™”ํšจ์†Œ ์–ต์ œ์ œ๋กœ์„œ,
13:30
to potentiate the tryptamine. So you ask yourself a question.
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ํŠธ๋ฆฝํ”„ํƒ€๋ฏผ์˜ ์•ฝํšจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
13:33
How, in a flora of 80,000 species of vascular plants,
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80,000๋งŒ ์ข…์ด๋‚˜ ๋˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ ด์„ฑ ์‹๋ฌผ๊ตฐ ์ค‘์—
13:37
do these people find these two morphologically unrelated plants
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ํ˜•ํƒœํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„œ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ด€์ด ์—†๋Š” ์ด ๋‘ ์‹๋ฌผ์„
13:41
that when combined in this way,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•  ๋•Œ
13:42
created a kind of biochemical version
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๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ดํ•ฉ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ํฐ ์ „์ฒด๋กœ์„œ
13:44
of the whole being greater than the sum of the parts?
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์ผ์ข…์˜ ์ƒํ™”ํ•™์ ์ธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ƒˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
13:46
Well, we use that great euphemism, "trial and error,"
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹œํ–‰์ฐฉ์˜ค๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ๋•Œ, ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์™„๊ณก์–ด๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:49
which is exposed to be meaningless.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ๋ฌด์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:51
But you ask the Indians, and they say, "The plants talk to us."
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์ธ๋””์–ธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ "์‹๋ฌผ์ด ๋งํ•ด์ค€๋‹ค"๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:54
Well, what does that mean?
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
13:55
This tribe, the Cofan, has 17 varieties of ayahuasca,
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์ด ์ฝ”ํŒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ถ€์กฑ์€ 17์ข…์ด๋‚˜ ๋˜๋Š” ์•„์•ผ์™€์Šค์นด ๋ณ€์ข…์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
13:59
all of which they distinguish a great distance in the forest,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด ๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ์ˆฒ ์† ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋„ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•ด ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:03
all of which are referable to our eye as one species.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ˆˆ์—๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ•œ ์ข…์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:07
And then you ask them how they establish their taxonomy
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๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋ฒ•์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ™•๋ฆฝํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด๋ฉด,
14:09
and they say, "I thought you knew something about plants.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ "๋‹น์‹ ๋„ค๊ฐ€ ์‹๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ข€ ์•„๋Š” ์ค„ ์•Œ์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ.
14:12
I mean, don't you know anything?" And I said, "No."
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์•„๋ฌด ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹จ ๋ง์ด์˜ค?"๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” "๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์ง€์š”.
14:14
Well, it turns out you take each of the 17 varieties
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๋ณด๋ฆ„๋‹ฌ์ด ๋œฌ ๋ฐค์— 17๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ณ€์ข… ํ•˜๋‚˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋จน์œผ๋ฉด,
14:17
in the night of a full moon, and it sings to you in a different key.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋…ธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:20
Now, that's not going to get you a Ph.D. at Harvard,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•˜๋ฒ„๋“œ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ๊ฐ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
14:22
but it's a lot more interesting than counting stamens. (Laughter)
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์ˆ˜์ˆ ์ด ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ง€ ์„ธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ํ›จ์”ฌ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:26
Now --
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์ด์ œ,
14:27
(Applause) --
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜๊ฐˆ์ฑ„)
14:30
the problem -- the problem is that even those of us
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ํ† ์ฐฉ๋ฏผ๋“ค์˜ ๊ณค๊ฒฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ณต๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ 
14:32
sympathetic with the plight of indigenous people
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์ด๋“ค์„ ํฅ์ทจ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์ฑ„๋กญ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”
14:34
view them as quaint and colorful
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์กฐ์ฐจ๋„
14:35
but somehow reduced to the margins of history
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์–ด๋–ค ์‹์œผ๋กœ๋“  ์—ญ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ขํžˆ๊ณ 
14:37
as the real world, meaning our world, moves on.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:40
Well, the truth is the 20th century, 300 years from now,
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์ง„์‹ค์€, ์•ž์œผ๋กœ 300๋…„ ํ›„์—, 20์„ธ๊ธฐ๋Š”
14:42
is not going to be remembered for its wars
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์ „์Ÿ์œผ๋กœ๋„,
14:45
or its technological innovations,
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๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ˜์‹ ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๊ธฐ์–ต๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ,
14:46
but rather as the era in which we stood by
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๊ด€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์„œ์„œ
14:49
and either actively endorsed or passively accepted
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์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋ฌธํ™”์ ์ธ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์˜ ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰ ํŒŒ๊ดด๋ฅผ
14:51
the massive destruction of both biological and cultural diversity
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์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜นํ˜ธํ–ˆ๋“ , ์ˆ˜๋™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์Šน์ธํ–ˆ๋“ 
14:54
on the planet. Now, the problem isn't change.
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์‹œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ธฐ์–ต๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:57
All cultures through all time
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌธํ™”๋Š” ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜
14:59
have constantly been engaged in a dance
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๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ์ƒ๋ช…์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ
15:02
with new possibilities of life.
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์ถค์„ ์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:04
And the problem is not technology itself.
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:07
The Sioux Indians did not stop being Sioux
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์ˆ˜ ์ธ๋””์–ธ์€ ํ™œ๊ณผ ํ™”์‚ด์„ ๋ฒ„๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ
15:09
when they gave up the bow and arrow
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์ˆ˜ ์ธ๋””์–ธ์ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ ,
15:10
any more than an American stopped being an American
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๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋„ ๋ง๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋ฒ„๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ
15:12
when he gave up the horse and buggy.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ์ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:14
It's not change or technology
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์ธ์ข…๊ถŒ์˜ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ˜‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
15:15
that threatens the integrity of the ethnosphere. It is power,
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๋ณ€ํ™”๋„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋„ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:19
the crude face of domination.
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์ง€๋ฐฐ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์นœ ์–ผ๊ตด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:21
Wherever you look around the world,
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์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ๋ณผ ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค
15:23
you discover that these are not cultures destined to fade away;
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ ธ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋„๋ก ์šด๋ช…์ง€์›Œ์ง„ ๋ฌธํ™”๋“ค์ด ์•„๋‹˜์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:26
these are dynamic living peoples
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์—ญ๋™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
15:28
being driven out of existence by identifiable forces
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์‹๋ณ„๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํž˜์— ์ซ“๊ธฐ์–ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:31
that are beyond their capacity to adapt to:
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์ด ํž˜์ด์•ผ๋ง๋กœ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ ์‘๋ ฅ์„ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:33
whether it's the egregious deforestation
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๋™๋‚จ์•„์‹œ์•„์—์„œ, ์‚ฌ๋ผ์™€ํฌ์—์„œ ์˜จ ์œ ๋ชฉ ๋ถ€์กฑ,
15:36
in the homeland of the Penan --
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ํ•œ ์„ธ๋Œ€ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€๋งŒ ํ•ด๋„ ์ˆฒ์—์„œ ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์‚ด๋˜ ๋ถ€์กฑ,
15:38
a nomadic people from Southeast Asia, from Sarawak --
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ํ•œ ์„ธ๋Œ€ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€๋งŒ ํ•ด๋„ ์ˆฒ ์†์—์„œ ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์‚ด๋˜ ๋ถ€์กฑ,
15:41
a people who lived free in the forest until a generation ago,
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์ง€๋…ํ•œ ๋ฒŒ์ฑ„๋ฅผ ํ•ด์„œ
15:45
and now have all been reduced to servitude and prostitution
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์ด์ œ ๊ฐœํ™์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ™ํƒ•์ด ๋œ ๊ฐ•๋ฌผ์ด ํ๋ฅด๋Š”
15:48
on the banks of the rivers,
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๊ฐ•๋‘‘์—์„œ ์ด์ œ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€
15:50
where you can see the river itself is soiled with the silt
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๊ฐ•์ œ ๋…ธ๋™๊ณผ ๋งค์ถ˜ ๋ฐ–์— ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ ,
15:54
that seems to be carrying half of Borneo away
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๊ทธ ๊ฐ•๋ฌผ์— ๋ณด๋ฅด๋„ค์˜ค์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์ด
15:56
to the South China Sea,
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๋‚จ์ค‘๊ตญํ•ด๋กœ ํ˜๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋“ฏ,
15:57
where the Japanese freighters hang light in the horizon
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์ผ๋ณธ ํ™”๋ฌผ์„ ์ด ์ˆ˜ํ‰์„ ์— ๋ถˆ๋น›์„ ๊นœ๋นก์ด๋ฉฐ
15:59
ready to fill their holds with raw logs ripped from the forest --
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์ˆฒ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—๊ฒจ๋‚ธ ํ†ต๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€๋“์ฑ„์šฐ๊ณ  ๋– ๋‚  ์ค€๋น„๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:03
or, in the case of the Yanomami,
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ํ™ฉ๊ธˆ์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์—
16:04
it's the disease entities that have come in,
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ํ™ฉ๊ธˆ์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์—
16:06
in the wake of the discovery of gold.
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๋“ค์–ด์˜จ ์งˆ๋ณ‘๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:08
Or if we go into the mountains of Tibet,
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ํ‹ฐ๋ฒณ์‚ฐ๋งฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
16:10
where I'm doing a lot of research recently,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์ธ๋ฐ,
16:13
you'll see it's a crude face of political domination.
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์ •์น˜์  ์ง€๋ฐฐ์˜ ๊ฑฐ์นœ ์–ผ๊ตด์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:16
You know, genocide, the physical extinction of a people
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๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰ ํ•™์‚ด, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ˆ๋ฉธ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„,
16:18
is universally condemned, but ethnocide,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ณดํŽธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„๋‚œ์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€๋งŒ,
16:21
the destruction of people's way of life, is not only not condemned,
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์ธ์ข… ํ•™์‚ด, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ƒํ™œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ํŒŒ๊ดดํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„๋Š” ๋น„๋‚œ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
16:24
it's universally, in many quarters, celebrated
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๋ณดํŽธ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—,
16:27
as part of a development strategy.
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๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ „๋žต์˜ ์ผํ™˜์œผ๋กœ ์ถ•ํ•˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:29
And you cannot understand the pain of Tibet
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ ์ˆ˜์ค€๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—๋Š”
16:32
until you move through it at the ground level.
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ํ‹ฐ๋ฒณ์˜ ๊ณ ํ†ต์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:34
I once travelled 6,000 miles from Chengdu in Western China
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์ €๋Š” ์„œ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ์ณ‰๋‘์—์„œ 6,000๋งˆ์ผ์„ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:38
overland through southeastern Tibet to Lhasa
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์ Š์€ ๋™๋ฃŒ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ‹ฐ๋ฒณ ๋™๋‚จ๋ถ€์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ๋ผ์‚ฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ์œก๋กœ๋กœ ๊ฐ”์ง€์š”.
16:41
with a young colleague, and it was only when I got to Lhasa
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๋ผ์‚ฌ์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•ด์„œ์•ผ ์ €๋Š”
16:45
that I understood the face behind the statistics
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ „ํ•ด๋“ค์€
16:48
you hear about:
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ํ†ต๊ณ„ ๋’ค์˜ ์–ผ๊ตด์„ ์ดํ•ดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:49
6,000 sacred monuments torn apart to dust and ashes,
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6,000๊ฐœ์˜ ์„ฑ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋น„์„๋“ค์ด ์žฌ์™€ ๋จผ์ง€๋กœ ํŒŒ๊ดด๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:53
1.2 million people killed by the cadres
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๋ฌธํ™” ๋Œ€ํ˜๋ช… ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ
16:56
during the Cultural Revolution.
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120๋งŒ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ„๋ถ€๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด ์‚ดํ•ด๋‹นํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:58
This young man's father had been ascribed to the Panchen Lama.
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์ด ์ Š์€์ด์˜ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ๋ผ๋งˆ๊ต์˜ ๋ถ€๊ต์ฃผ ์†Œ์†์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:00
That meant he was instantly killed
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์ด ๋ง์€ ์ค‘๊ตญ ์นจ๊ณต ๋•Œ
17:02
at the time of the Chinese invasion.
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ‰์‹œ ์‚ดํ•ด๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:04
His uncle fled with His Holiness in the Diaspora
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์ Š์€์ด์˜ ์‚ผ์ดŒ์€ ๋ถ€๊ต์ฃผ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜
17:06
that took the people to Nepal.
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๋„คํŒ”๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํƒˆ์ถœํ•ด ๋””์•„์Šคํฌ๋ผ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:09
His mother was incarcerated
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์ Š์€์ด์˜ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๋ถ€์œ ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฃ„๋กœ
17:11
for the crime of being wealthy.
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ํˆฌ์˜ฅ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:14
He was smuggled into the jail at the age of two
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์ Š์€์ด๋Š” ๋‘ ์‚ด ๋•Œ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ์น˜๋ง›์ž๋ฝ ๋ฐ‘์— ์ˆจ๊ฒจ์ ธ
17:16
to hide beneath her skirt tails
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๋ชฐ๋ž˜ ๊ฐ์˜ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:18
because she couldn't bear to be without him.
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์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์—†์ด๋Š” ๊ฒฌ๋”œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:20
The sister who had done that brave deed
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๊ทธ ์šฉ๊ฐํ•œ ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋ˆ„์ด๋Š”
17:22
was put into an education camp.
399
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๊ต์œก ์บ ํ”„์— ์ˆ˜๊ฐ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:23
One day she inadvertently stepped on an armband
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์–ด๋Š๋‚  ์šฐ์—ฐํžˆ ์ด ๋ˆ„์ด๋Š” ๋ชจํƒ๋™์˜ ๊ตฐ๋Œ€๊ฐ€
17:26
of Mao, and for that transgression,
401
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ํ†ต๊ณผํ•ด ๊ฐ€๋Š”๋ฐ ์ž˜๋ชป ๋ผ์–ด๋“ค๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
17:28
she was given seven years of hard labor.
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7๋…„์˜ ์ค‘๋…ธ๋™์„ ์„ ๊ณ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:31
The pain of Tibet can be impossible to bear,
403
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ํ‹ฐ๋ฒณ์˜ ๊ณ ํ†ต์€ ๊ฒฌ๋”œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ์ •๋„์ง€๋งŒ,
17:34
but the redemptive spirit of the people is something to behold.
404
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๋‹ค์‹œ ์‚ด๋ฆฌ๋ ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์˜์ง€๋Š” ์šฐ๋Ÿฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ณผ๋งŒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:38
And in the end, then, it really comes down to a choice:
405
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ, ์„ ํƒ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:41
do we want to live in a monochromatic world of monotony
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๋‹จ์กฐ๋กœ์šด ๋‹จ์ƒ‰์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€๊ฐ€?
17:44
or do we want to embrace a polychromatic world of diversity?
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด, ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์ด ๋„˜์น˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์ƒ‰์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ’ˆ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€๊ฐ€?
17:47
Margaret Mead, the great anthropologist, said, before she died,
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์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ๋ฅ˜ํ•™์ž์ธ ๋งˆ๊ฐ€๋ › ๋ฏธ๋“œ๋Š” ์ฃฝ๊ธฐ ์ „์—
17:50
that her greatest fear was that as we drifted towards
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๊ฐœ์„ฑ์—†๋Š” ๋ฌด์ •ํ˜•์˜
17:53
this blandly amorphous generic world view
410
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ด€์„ ํ–ฅํ•ด ํ˜๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์„œ
17:55
not only would we see the entire range of the human imagination
411
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒ์ƒ๋ ฅ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ•œ๊ฒฐ ์ข์€ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ์–‘์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ค„์—ฌ๋ฒ„๋ฆด ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
18:00
reduced to a more narrow modality of thought,
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์–ด๋Š๋‚  ๊ฟˆ์—์„œ ๊นจ์–ด๋‚˜
18:04
but that we would wake from a dream one day
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์กฐ์ฐจ
18:05
having forgotten there were even other possibilities.
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์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:09
And it's humbling to remember that our species has, perhaps,
415
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์•„๋งˆ๋„, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ 15๋งŒ๋…„์ด๋‚˜
18:12
been around for [150,000] years.
416
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๊ณ„์†๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฒธ์†ํ•ด์งˆ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:14
The Neolithic Revolution -- which gave us agriculture,
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์‹ ์„๊ธฐ ํ˜๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ๋†์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ ,
18:17
at which time we succumbed to the cult of the seed;
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๊ทธ ๋ฌด๋ ต ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์”จ์•— ์ˆญ๋ฐฐ์— ์••๋„๋‹นํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
18:19
the poetry of the shaman was displaced
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์ฃผ์ˆ ์‚ฌ์˜ ์‹œ๋Š”
18:21
by the prose of the priesthood;
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์„ฑ์ง์ž์˜ ์‚ฐ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:22
we created hierarchy specialization surplus --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์ธต ์ „๋ฌธํ™” ์ž‰์—ฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์€
18:25
is only 10,000 years ago.
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๊ฒจ์šฐ ๋งŒ ๋…„ ์ „์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:27
The modern industrial world as we know it
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์‚ฐ์—… ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Š”
18:29
is barely 300 years old.
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๊ฒจ์šฐ 300๋…„ ๋ฐ–์— ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:31
Now, that shallow history doesn't suggest to me
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์ด์ œ, ๊ทธ ์–„ํŒํ•œ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
18:33
that we have all the answers for all of the challenges
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๋‹ค์Œ ์ฒœ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง๋ฉดํ• 
18:36
that will confront us in the ensuing millennia.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋„์ „์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:38
When these myriad cultures of the world
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์ด ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ฌด์ˆ˜ํ•œ ๋ฌธํ™”๋“ค์ด
18:40
are asked the meaning of being human,
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์ธ๊ฐ„๋จ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋ฌผ์„ ๋•Œ,
18:43
they respond with 10,000 different voices.
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10,000๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:45
And it's within that song that we will all rediscover the possibility
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๊ทธ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ 
18:51
of being what we are: a fully conscious species,
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๋…ธ๋ž˜ ์†์—์„œ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์˜์‹์ ์ธ ์ข…,
18:54
fully aware of ensuring that all peoples and all gardens
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ •์›๋“ค์ด ๋ฒˆ์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„
18:57
find a way to flourish. And there are great moments of optimism.
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์ฐพ์„ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ข…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚™๊ด€์ฃผ์˜์˜ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:03
This is a photograph I took at the northern tip of Baffin Island
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐํ•€ ์•„์ผ๋žœ๋“œ์˜ ๋ถ์ชฝ ๋์—์„œ ์ฐ์€ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:06
when I went narwhal hunting with some Inuit people,
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์ด๋ˆ„์ดํŠธ ๋ถ€์กฑ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ผ๊ฐ๊ณ ๋ž˜ ์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ์„ ๊ฐ”์„ ๋•Œ์˜€์ง€์š”.
19:09
and this man, Olayuk, told me a marvelous story of his grandfather.
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์˜ฌ๋ผ์•ผ์ธ๋ฐ, ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์ž๊ธฐ ํ• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
19:13
The Canadian government has not always been kind
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ํ•ด์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ด๋ˆ„์ดํŠธ ๋ถ€์กฑ์—๊ฒŒ ์นœ์ ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ
19:15
to the Inuit people, and during the 1950s,
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๋Œ€ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹Œ๋ฐ, 1950๋…„์— ์ฃผ๊ถŒ์„ ํ™•๋ฆฝํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ,
19:17
to establish our sovereignty, we forced them into settlements.
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์ด๋ˆ„์ดํŠธ ๋ถ€์กฑ์„ ๊ฐ•์ œ ์ด์ฃผ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:20
This old man's grandfather refused to go.
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์ด ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ํ• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:24
The family, fearful for his life, took away all of his weapons,
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๊ฐ€์กฑ์€ ๊ทธ์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ์—ผ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ์˜ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์น˜์›Œ๋ฒ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:28
all of his tools.
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์—ฐ์žฅ๋“ค๋„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์น˜์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:30
Now, you must understand that the Inuit did not fear the cold;
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ด๋ˆ„์ดํŠธ ๋ถ€์กฑ์ด ์ถ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๋‘๋ ค์›Œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„
19:32
they took advantage of it.
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์ดํ•ดํ•˜์…”์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์ถ”์œ„๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:33
The runners of their sleds were originally made of fish
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์ฐ๋งค์˜ ๋‚ ์€ ์›๋ž˜ ์ˆœ๋ก ๊ฐ€์ฃฝ์œผ๋กœ ์”Œ์šด
19:36
wrapped in caribou hide.
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๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:37
So, this man's grandfather was not intimidated by the Arctic night
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ํ• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ๋ถ๊ทน์˜ ๋ฐค์„ ๋‘๋ ค์›Œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:42
or the blizzard that was blowing.
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๋ถˆ์–ด๋‹ฅ์น˜๋Š” ํญํ’๋„ ๊ฒ๋‚ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:44
He simply slipped outside, pulled down his sealskin trousers
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์„œ, ํ‘œ๋ฒ”๊ฐ€์ฃฝ ๋ฐ”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
19:48
and defecated into his hand. And as the feces began to freeze,
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์†์— ์šฉ๋ณ€์„ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฐ์„ค๋ฌผ์ด ์–ผ์–ด๋ถ™๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ž,
19:51
he shaped it into the form of a blade.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์นผ๋‚  ๋ชจ์–‘์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:54
He put a spray of saliva on the edge of the shit knife
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐฐ์„ค๋ฌผ ์นผ์˜ ๋‚ ์— ์Šคํ”„๋ ˆ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์นจ์„ ๋ฑ‰๊ณ ,
19:56
and as it finally froze solid, he butchered a dog with it.
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๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ๋‹จ๋‹จํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์–ผ์–ด๋ถ™๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ž, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์žก์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:59
He skinned the dog and improvised a harness,
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๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ป์งˆ์„ ๋ฒ—๊ฒจ, ๋งˆ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ž„์‹œ ๋Œ€์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ ,
20:02
took the ribcage of the dog and improvised a sled,
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๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฐˆ๋น„๋ผˆ๋กœ ์ž„์‹œ ์ฐ๋งค๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“  ๋‹ค์Œ,
20:06
harnessed up an adjacent dog,
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์˜†์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐœ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งˆ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์”Œ์šฐ๊ณ ,
20:07
and disappeared over the ice floes, shit knife in belt.
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ํ—ˆ๋ฆฌ์— ๋ฐฐ์„ค๋ฌผ ์นผ์„ ์ฐจ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋น™ ์œ„๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:11
Talk about getting by with nothing. (Laughter)
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์•„๋ฌด ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—†๋Š”๋ฐ ๋น ์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐ„ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .(์›ƒ์Œ)
20:15
And this, in many ways --
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ์–ด๋•Œ์š”?
20:16
(Applause) --
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜ ๊ฐˆ์ฑ„)
20:18
is a symbol of the resilience of the Inuit people
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด์•ผ๋ง๋กœ ์ด๋ˆ„์ดํŠธ ๋ถ€์กฑ๊ณผ
20:20
and of all indigenous people around the world.
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ† ์ฐฉ๋ฏผ๋“ค์˜ ํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ์˜ ์ƒ์ง•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:23
The Canadian government in April of 1999
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์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” 1999๋…„ 4์›”
20:25
gave back to total control of the Inuit
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์ด๋ˆ„์ดํŠธ ๋ถ€์กฑ์˜ ์ „์ฒด ํ†ต์ œ๊ถŒ์„ ๋Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๊ณ 
20:28
an area of land larger than California and Texas put together.
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์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„์™€ ํ…์‚ฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ์นœ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ํฐ ๋•…์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:31
It's our new homeland. It's called Nunavut.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ƒˆ ๊ณ ํ–ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ˆ„๋‚˜๋ถ€ํŠธ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:34
It's an independent territory. They control all mineral resources.
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๋…๋ฆฝ ์˜ํ† ์ด์ง€์š”. ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ด‘๋ฌผ ์ž์›์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:37
An amazing example of how a nation-state
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์ฃผ์ด์ž ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ ,
20:39
can seek restitution with its people.
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์ž์ฒด ๋ถ€์กฑ๋ฏผ๋“ค๊ณผ์˜ ์ •๋‹นํ•œ ์ƒํ™˜์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:44
And finally, in the end, I think it's pretty obvious
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๋์œผ๋กœ, ์ €๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ๋จผ ๊ณณ์„
20:47
at least to all of all us who've traveled
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์—ฌํ–‰ํ•ด ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ
20:48
in these remote reaches of the planet,
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์•„์ฃผ ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:52
to realize that they're not remote at all.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ๋จผ ๊ณณ์— ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
20:53
They're homelands of somebody.
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๊ทธ ๊ณณ์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ณ ํ–ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:55
They represent branches of the human imagination
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒ์ƒ๋ ฅ์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋“ค์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:57
that go back to the dawn of time. And for all of us,
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ฒ˜์Œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ทธ๋•Œ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ์Šฌ๋Ÿฌ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ง€๋“ค ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:01
the dreams of these children, like the dreams of our own children,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ๋Š”, ์ด ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“ค์˜ ๊ฟˆ์ด,
21:04
become part of the naked geography of hope.
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๋งˆ์น˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž๋…€๋“ค์˜ ๊ฟˆ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ, ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚œ ํฌ๋ง์˜ ์ง€ํ˜•์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:07
So, what we're trying to do at the National Geographic, finally,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ๋‚ด์…”๋„ ์ง€์˜ค๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ์—์„œ ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
21:11
is, we believe that politicians will never accomplish anything.
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์ •์น˜๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃฐ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฏฟ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:15
We think that polemics --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋…ผ์Ÿ์ด --
21:16
(Applause) --
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜ ๊ฐˆ์ฑ„)
21:18
we think that polemics are not persuasive,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋…ผ์Ÿ์ด ์„ค๋“๋ ฅ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:20
but we think that storytelling can change the world,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์Šคํ† ๋ฆฌํ…”๋ง์ด ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:23
and so we are probably the best storytelling institution
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์Šคํ† ๋ฆฌํ…”๋ง ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:26
in the world. We get 35 million hits on our website every month.
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๋งค์›” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์—๋Š” 3,500๋งŒ ๋ฒˆ์ด ํด๋ฆญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:29
156 nations carry our television channel.
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156๊ฐœ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ €ํฌ ํ…”๋ ˆ๋น„์ „ ์ฑ„๋„์„ ๋ฐฉ์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:33
Our magazines are read by millions.
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์ €ํฌ ์žก์ง€๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ช…์˜ ๋…์ž๊ฐ€ ์ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:35
And what we're doing is a series of journeys
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ์—ฌํ–‰์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:38
to the ethnosphere where we're going to take our audience
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‹œ์ฒญ์ž๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ธ์ข…๊ถŒ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์—ฌํ–‰.
21:40
to places of such cultural wonder
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธํ™”์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์ด๊ฐ€ ์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ๋“ค๋กœ์˜ ์—ฌํ–‰.
21:43
that they cannot help but come away dazzled
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๋ณธ ๊ฒƒ์— ํ™ฉํ™€ํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋Š”,
21:45
by what they have seen, and hopefully, therefore,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐ”๋ผ๊ฑด๋Œ€, ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—,
21:47
embrace gradually, one by one,
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์„œ์„œํžˆ, ํ•˜๋‚˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜,
21:50
the central revelation of anthropology:
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์ธ๋ฅ˜ํ•™์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋“ค์„ ํ’ˆ์–ด์•ˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”,
21:52
that this world deserves to exist in a diverse way,
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์ด ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์กด์žฌํ•  ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„,
21:56
that we can find a way to live
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ง€ํ˜œ๊ฐ€
21:57
in a truly multicultural, pluralistic world
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘์˜ ์ง‘๋‹จ์ ์ธ ์•ˆ๋…•์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
22:00
where all of the wisdom of all peoples
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์ง„์ •์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋‹ค์›์ ์ธ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—
22:02
can contribute to our collective well-being.
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์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„.
22:05
Thank you very much.
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๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:06
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜ ๊ฐˆ์ฑ„)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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