Why does the universe exist? | Jim Holt | TED

7,972,590 views ใƒป 2014-09-02

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Shlomo Adam ืžื‘ืงืจ: Sigal Tifferet
00:12
Why does the universe exist?
0
12998
2003
ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื™ืงื•ื ืงื™ื™ื?
00:15
Why is there โ€” Okay. Okay. (Laughter)
1
15001
3995
ืžื“ื•ืข ื™ืฉ -- ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ื‘ืกื“ืจ. [ืฆื—ื•ืง]
00:18
This is a cosmic mystery. Be solemn.
2
18996
2842
ื–ืืช ืชืขืœื•ืžื” ืงื•ืกืžื™ืช. ื’ืœื• ืงืฆืช ื™ืจืืช-ื›ื‘ื•ื“.
00:21
Why is there a world, why are we in it,
3
21838
3576
ืžื“ื•ืข ื™ืฉื ื• ืขื•ืœื, ืžื“ื•ืข ืื ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื•,
00:25
and why is there something rather than nothing at all?
4
25414
1879
ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื›ืœื•ื?
00:27
I mean, this is the super ultimate "why" question?
5
27293
4646
ื–ืืช ื”ืจื™ ืฉืืœืช ื”"ืžื“ื•ืข" ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
00:31
So I'm going to talk about the mystery of existence,
6
31939
2235
ืื“ื‘ืจ ืื ื›ืŸ ืขืœ ืชืขืœื•ืžืช ื”ืงื™ื•ื,
00:34
the puzzle of existence,
7
34174
1556
ืขืœ ื—ื™ื“ืช ื”ืงื™ื•ื,
00:35
where we are now in addressing it,
8
35730
2914
ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื”,
00:38
and why you should care,
9
38644
2250
ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื›ื ืื™ื›ืคืช,
00:40
and I hope you do care.
10
40894
1916
ื•ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื‘ืืžืช ืื™ื›ืคืช ืœื›ื.
00:42
The philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer said that
11
42810
2826
ื”ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืฃ ืืจืชื•ืจ ืฉื•ืคื ื”ืื•ืืจ ืืžืจ
00:45
those who don't wonder about the contingency of their existence,
12
45636
3780
ืฉืžื™ ืฉืœื ืชื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ืืฉืจ ืœืžืงืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงื™ื•ืžื,
00:49
of the contingency of the world's existence,
13
49416
2857
ื‘ืืฉืจ ืœืžืงืจื™ื•ืช ืงื™ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœืžื,
00:52
are mentally deficient.
14
52273
1663
ืœื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืฉื›ืœื.
00:53
That's a little harsh, but still. (Laughter)
15
53936
3947
ื’ื™ืฉื” ืžื—ืžื™ืจื” ื‘ืžืงืฆืช, ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช... [ืฆื—ื•ืง]
00:57
So this has been called the most sublime
16
57883
1677
ื”ืชืขืœื•ืžื” ื”ื–ื• ื ื—ืฉื‘ื”
00:59
and awesome mystery,
17
59560
2294
ืœื ืฉื’ื‘ืช ื•ืœื ื•ืจืื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,
01:01
the deepest and most far-reaching question
18
61854
2669
ืœืฉืืœื” ื”ืขืžื•ืงื” ื•ืžืจื—ื™ืงืช-ื”ืจืื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
01:04
man can pose.
19
64523
1060
ืฉื”ืื“ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœืฉืื•ืœ.
01:05
It's obsessed great thinkers.
20
65583
1714
ื”ื™ื ืขื™ื ืชื” ื”ื•ื’ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื. ืœื•ื“ื•ื•ื™ื’ ื•ื™ื˜ื’ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ,
01:07
Ludwig Wittgenstein, perhaps the greatest
21
67297
1604
01:08
philosopher of the 20th century,
22
68901
2330
ืื•ืœื™ ื”ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”-20,
01:11
was astonished that there should be a world at all.
23
71231
2483
ื ื“ื”ื ืžื›ืš ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืงื™ื™ื.
01:13
He wrote in his "Tractatus," Proposition 4.66,
24
73714
4004
ื”ื•ื ื›ืชื‘ ื‘"ื˜ืจืงื˜ื˜ื•ืก" ืฉืœื•, ื‘ื”ื ื—ื” 4.66:
01:17
"It is not how things are in the world
25
77718
2690
"ื”ืžืกืชื•ืจื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื ื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
01:20
that is the mystical,
26
80408
1352
01:21
it's that the world exists."
27
81760
2335
"ืืœื ืงื™ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืขืฆืžื•."
01:24
And if you don't like taking your epigrams
28
84095
2218
ื•ืื ืื™ื ื›ื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ืืžืจื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื
01:26
from a philosopher, try a scientist.
29
86313
2911
ืžืงื•ืจืŸ ื‘ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ื, ืžื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื“ืขื ื™ื?
01:29
John Archibald Wheeler, one of the great physicists
30
89224
2601
ื’'ื•ืŸ ืืจืฆ'ื™ื‘ืœื“ ื•ื•ื™ืœืจ, ืื—ื“ ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืงืื™ื ื”ื“ื’ื•ืœื™ื
01:31
of the 20th century,
31
91825
1226
ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”-20,
01:33
the teacher of Richard Feynman,
32
93051
1925
ืžื•ืจื”ื• ืฉืœ ืจื™ืฆ'ืจื“ ืคื™ื™ื ืžืŸ,
01:34
the coiner of the term "black hole,"
33
94976
2660
ืžื™ ืฉื˜ื‘ืข ืืช ื”ืžื•ื ื— "ื—ื•ืจ ืฉื—ื•ืจ",
01:37
he said, "I want to know
34
97636
2423
ืืžืจ: "ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ืขืช
01:40
how come the quantum,
35
100059
1733
"ืžื“ื•ืข ืงื•ื•ื ื˜ื•ื?
01:41
how come the universe, how come existence?"
36
101792
3144
"ืžื“ื•ืข ื™ืงื•ื? ืžื“ื•ืข ืงื™ื•ื?"
01:44
And my friend Martin Amis โ€”
37
104936
1999
ื•ื—ื‘ืจื™, ืžืจื˜ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืžื™ืก --
01:46
sorry that I'll be doing a lot of name-dropping in this talk,
38
106935
2677
ืžืฆื˜ืขืจ ืขืœ ืื™ื–ื›ื•ืจ ื”ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื”ืจืฆืื” ื”ื–ื•,
01:49
so get used to it โ€”
39
109612
1375
ื™ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื›ื ืœื”ืชืจื’ืœ ืœื›ืš --
01:50
my dear friend Martin Amis once said
40
110987
4976
ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืงืจ ืžืจื˜ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืžื™ืก ืืžืจ ืคืขื... [ืฆื—ื•ืง]
01:55
that we're about five Einsteins away from answering
41
115963
3220
ืฉืื ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ืฉืœ 5 ืื™ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืžื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”
01:59
the mystery of where the universe came from.
42
119183
2036
ืขืœ ืชืขืœื•ืžืช ืžืงื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืงื•ื.
02:01
And I've no doubt there are five Einsteins
43
121219
1981
ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืกืคืง ืฉื™ืฉ 5 ืื™ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืื•ืœื, ื”ืขืจื‘.
02:03
in the audience tonight.
44
123200
2187
02:05
Any Einsteins? Show of hands? No? No? No?
45
125387
1503
ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ื™ื? ื”ืจื™ืžื• ื™ื“ื™ื™ื. ืœื? ืœื? ืœื?
02:06
No Einsteins? Okay.
46
126890
1162
ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ื™ื? ื‘ืกื“ืจ.
02:08
So this question, why is there something rather than nothing,
47
128052
4222
ืื– ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื–ื•, ืžื“ื•ืข ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื›ืœื•ื,
02:12
this sublime question, was posed rather late
48
132274
1968
ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื ืฉื’ื‘ืช ื”ื–ื•, ื”ื•ืขืœืชื” ืžืื•ื—ืจ ืœืžื“ื™
02:14
in intellectual history.
49
134242
2310
ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืฉื›ืœื”.
02:16
It was towards the end of the 17th century,
50
136552
2479
ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืœืงืจืืช ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืžืื” ื”-17,
02:19
the philosopher Leibniz who asked it,
51
139031
2962
ื•ื”ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืฃ ืœื™ื™ื‘ื ื™ืฅ ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ืขืœื” ืื•ืชื”,
02:21
a very smart guy, Leibniz,
52
141993
1743
ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื—ื›ื ืžืื“, ืœื™ื™ื‘ื ื™ืฅ,
02:23
who invented the calculus
53
143736
2150
ื”ืื™ืฉ ืฉื”ืžืฆื™ื ืืช ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ื™ื
02:25
independently of Isaac Newton, at about the same time,
54
145886
2854
ืœืœื ืฉื•ื ืงืฉืจ ืœืื™ื™ื–ืง ื ื™ื•ื˜ื•ืŸ, ื‘ืขืจืš ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ืขืช,
02:28
but for Leibniz, who asked why is there something rather than nothing,
55
148740
2602
ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ืœื™ื™ื‘ื ื™ืฅ, ืฉืฉืืœ ืžื“ื•ืข ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื›ืœื•ื,
02:31
this was not a great mystery.
56
151342
2193
ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชืขืœื•ืžื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”.
02:33
He either was or pretended to be
57
153535
2396
ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื”, ืื• ื”ืชื™ื™ืžืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช,
02:35
an Orthodox Christian in his metaphysical outlook,
58
155931
2756
ื ื•ืฆืจื™ ืฉืžืจื ื™ ื‘ื”ืฉืงืคืชื• ื”ืžื˜ืคื™ื–ื™ืช,
02:38
and he said it's obvious why the world exists:
59
158687
3015
ื•ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ืฉื‘ืจื•ืจ ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ืขื•ืœื ืงื™ื™ื:
02:41
because God created it.
60
161702
2462
ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ืจื ืื•ืชื•.
02:44
And God created, indeed, out of nothing at all.
61
164164
3285
ื•ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ืจื ืื•ืชื• ื™ืฉ ืžืึทื™ืŸ.
02:47
That's how powerful God is.
62
167449
1511
ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืขื•ืฆืžืชื• ืฉืœ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื.
02:48
He doesn't need any preexisting materials to fashion a world out of.
63
168960
3642
ื”ื•ื ืœื ื–ืงื•ืง ืœืฉื•ื ื—ื•ืžืจ ืงื™ื™ื ืžืจืืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื‘ ืžืžื ื• ืขื•ืœื.
02:52
He can make it out of sheer nothingness,
64
172602
2160
ื”ื•ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื‘ืจื•ื ืื•ืชื• ืžืŸ ื”ืึทื™ืŸ ื”ื’ืžื•ืจ,
02:54
creation ex nihilo.
65
174762
1474
ื‘ืจื™ืื” "ืืงืก ื ื™ื”ื™ืœื•", ื™ืฉ ืžืึทื™ืŸ.
02:56
And by the way, this is what
66
176236
945
ื•ืื’ื‘, ื–ื” ื’ื ืžื” ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™ื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื• ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•;
02:57
most Americans today believe.
67
177181
2839
03:00
There is no mystery of existence for them.
68
180020
1714
ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื”ื ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืชืขืœื•ืžื” ื‘ืงื™ื•ื:
03:01
God made it.
69
181734
1568
ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื™ืฆืจ ืื•ืชื•.
03:03
So let's put this in an equation.
70
183302
2586
ืื– ื”ื‘ื” ื ื ืกื— ื–ืืช ื‘ืžืฉื•ื•ืื”.
03:05
I don't have any slides so I'm going to mime my visuals,
71
185888
2627
ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืฉืงื•ืคื™ื•ืช, ืœื›ืŸ ืืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื˜ื•ืžื™ืžื” ืืช ื”ืขื–ืจื™ื ื”ื—ื–ื•ืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœื™,
03:08
so use your imaginations.
72
188515
1435
ื•ืืชื ืชืคืขื™ืœื• ืืช ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื›ื.
03:09
So it's God + nothing = the world.
73
189950
5854
ืื– ื”ืžืฉื•ื•ืื” ื”ื™ื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื•ืขื•ื“ ื›ืœื•ื ืฉื•ื•ื” ื”ืขื•ืœื.
03:15
Okay? Now that's the equation.
74
195804
3314
ื‘ืกื“ืจ? ื–ืืช ื”ืžืฉื•ื•ืื”.
03:19
And so maybe you don't believe in God.
75
199118
1733
ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืื™ื ื›ื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืืœื•ื”ื™ื.
03:20
Maybe you're a scientific atheist
76
200851
1830
ืื•ืœื™ ืืชื ืืชืื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื ืžื“ืขื™ื™ื
03:22
or an unscientific atheist, and you don't believe in God,
77
202681
3334
ืื• ืืชืื™ืกื˜ื™ื ืœื-ืžื“ืขื™ื™ื, ืืš ืื™ื ื›ื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืืœื•ื”ื™ื.
03:26
and you're not happy with it.
78
206015
1418
ื•ื”ืžืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœื ืžืกืคืงืช ืืชื›ื.
03:27
By the way, even if we have this equation,
79
207433
2704
ืื’ื‘, ื’ื ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžืฉื•ื•ืื” ื–ื•,
03:30
God + nothing = the world,
80
210137
1902
"ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื•ืขื•ื“ ื›ืœื•ื ืฉื•ื•ื” ื”ืขื•ืœื",
03:32
there's already a problem:
81
212039
1686
ื”ืจื™ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื”:
03:33
Why does God exist?
82
213725
3034
ืžื“ื•ืข ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืงื™ื™ื?
03:36
God doesn't exist by logic alone
83
216759
2203
ืœื ื“ื™ ื‘ื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ืืช ืงื™ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื,
03:38
unless you believe the ontological argument,
84
218962
1813
ืืœื ืื ืืชื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื™ืขื•ืŸ ื”ืื•ื ื˜ื•ืœื•ื’ื™,
03:40
and I hope you don't, because it's not a good argument.
85
220775
2327
ื•ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉืœื, ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื ื• ื˜ื™ืขื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘.
03:43
So it's conceivable, if God were to exist,
86
223102
3161
ืื– ืžืชืงื‘ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขืช ืฉืื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืงื™ื™ื,
03:46
he might wonder, I'm eternal, I'm all-powerful,
87
226263
3150
ื”ื•ื ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืชื”ื•ืช: "ืื ื™ ื ืฆื—ื™, ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืขื•ืฆืžื” ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช,
03:49
but where did I come from?
88
229413
2430
"ืื‘ืœ ืžืื™ืคื” ื‘ืืชื™?"
03:51
(Laughter)
89
231843
2170
[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
03:54
Whence then am I?
90
234013
1419
"ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื ื ื™?"
03:55
God speaks in a more formal English.
91
235432
3208
ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืจืฉืžื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ--
03:58
(Laughter)
92
238640
1989
[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
04:00
And so one theory is that God was so bored with
93
240629
3048
ืœืคื™ ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื” ืื—ืช, ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ื”ืฉืชืขืžื
04:03
pondering the puzzle of His own existence
94
243677
1789
ืžืœืชื”ื•ืช ืขืœ ื—ื™ื“ืช ืงื™ื•ืžื• ื”ื•ื,
04:05
that He created the world just to distract himself.
95
245466
2922
ืขื“ ื›ื™ ื‘ืจื ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืจืง ื›ื”ืกื—ืช-ื“ืขืช ืœืขืฆืžื•.
04:08
But anyway, let's forget about God.
96
248388
2112
ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื”, ื ืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ืืœื•ื”ื™ื,
04:10
Take God out of the equation: We have
97
250500
1357
ื ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืžื”ืžืฉื•ื•ืื” ื•ื ืงื‘ืœ:
04:11
________ + nothing = the world.
98
251857
3123
_______ ื•ืขื•ื“ ื›ืœื•ื ืฉื•ื•ื” ื”ืขื•ืœื.
04:14
Now, if you're a Buddhist,
99
254980
1781
ืื ืืชื ื‘ื•ื“ื”ื™ืกื˜ื™ื,
04:16
you might want to stop right there,
100
256761
1744
ืื•ืœื™ ืชืจืฆื• ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ื›ืืŸ,
04:18
because essentially what you've got is
101
258505
1969
ื›ื™ ื‘ืขืฆื ืžื” ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœืชื ื”ื•ื
04:20
nothing = the world,
102
260474
1576
"ื›ืœื•ื ืฉื•ื•ื” ื”ืขื•ืœื",
04:22
and by symmetry of identity, that means
103
262050
1513
ื•ืขืงื‘ ื”ืกื™ืžื˜ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื”ื•ืช, ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ
04:23
the world = nothing. Okay?
104
263563
2355
ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉื•ื•ื” ื›ืœื•ื, ื‘ืกื“ืจ?
04:25
And to a Buddhist, the world is just a whole lot of nothing.
105
265918
2419
ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ื“ื”ื™ืกื˜, ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื•ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืขืจื™ืžืช ื›ืœื•ื.
04:28
It's just a big cosmic vacuity.
106
268337
3106
ื–ื• ืกืชื ืจื™ืงื ื•ืช ืงื•ืกืžื™ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื”.
04:31
And we think there's a lot of something out there
107
271443
2552
ื•ืื ื• ืกื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืžืฉื”ื•,
04:33
but that's because we're enslaved by our desires.
108
273995
2565
ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื ื• ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ืœืชืฉื•ืงื•ืชื™ื ื•.
04:36
If we let our desires melt away,
109
276560
2711
ืื ื ื ื™ื— ืœืชืฉื•ืงื•ืชื™ื ื• ืœื”ืชืคื•ื’ื’,
04:39
we'll see the world for what it truly is,
110
279271
2880
ื ืจืื” ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ืžื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื:
04:42
a vacuity, nothingness,
111
282151
1980
ืจื™ืงื ื•ืช, ืึทื™ืŸ,
04:44
and we'll slip into this happy state of nirvana
112
284131
2182
ื•ื ื—ืœื™ืง ืœืชื•ืš ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืื•ืฉืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื ื™ืจื•ื•ื ื”,
04:46
which has been defined as having
113
286313
1823
ืฉื”ื•ื’ื“ืจื” ื›ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื•
04:48
just enough life to enjoy being dead. (Laughter)
114
288136
3318
ืœืื“ื ื™ืฉ ืžืกืคื™ืง ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืช.
[ืฆื—ื•ืง] ื–ืืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื•ื“ื”ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช.
04:51
So that's the Buddhist thinking.
115
291454
1879
04:53
But I'm a Westerner, and I'm still concerned
116
293333
3499
ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืžืขืจื‘ื™, ื•ืื ื™ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื˜ืจื“
04:56
with the puzzle of existence, so I've got
117
296832
1983
ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื—ื™ื“ืช ื”ืงื™ื•ื, ื›ืš ืฉืื ื™ ืžืงื‘ืœ
04:58
________ + โ€”
118
298815
1608
_______+--
05:00
this is going to get serious in a minute, so โ€”
119
300423
2158
ื–ื” ืชื™ื›ืฃ ื™ื™ืขืฉื” ืจืฆื™ื ื™, ืื–--
05:02
________ + nothing = the world.
120
302581
3026
______ ื•ืขื•ื“ ื›ืœื•ื ืฉื•ื•ื” ื”ืขื•ืœื.
05:05
What are we going to put in that blank?
121
305607
1223
ืžื” ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืจื™ืง?
05:06
Well, how about science?
122
306830
1848
ืžื” ืขื ื”ืžื“ืข?
05:08
Science is our best guide to the nature of reality,
123
308678
3551
ื”ืžื“ืข ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืจื” ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื˜ื™ื‘ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช,
05:12
and the most fundamental science is physics.
124
312229
3015
ื•ื”ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžื“ืขื™ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื”,
05:15
That tells us what naked reality really is,
125
315244
2970
ืฉืื•ืžืจืช ืœื ื• ืžื”ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืจื•ืžื”,
05:18
that reveals what I call TAUFOTU,
126
318214
2626
ืฉื—ื•ืฉืคืช ืืช ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžื›ื ื” ื”ืจืืžืฉ"ื”:
05:20
the True And Ultimate Furniture Of The Universe.
127
320840
2990
"ื”ืจื™ื”ื•ื˜ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ื•ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืงื•ื".
05:23
So maybe physics can fill this blank,
128
323830
2652
ืื– ืื•ืœื™ ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื” ืชืžืœื ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ืจื™ืง ื”ื–ื”,
05:26
and indeed, since about the late 1960s or around 1970,
129
326482
5062
ื•ืื›ืŸ, ืžืื– ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-60 ืœืขืจืš, ืื• ืกื‘ื™ื‘ 1970,
05:31
physicists have purported to give
130
331544
3663
ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืงืื™ื ื”ืชื™ื™ืžืจื• ืœื”ืฆื™ื’
05:35
a purely scientific explanation of how
131
335207
3120
ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืžื“ืขื™ ื˜ื”ื•ืจ ืœืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื•
05:38
a universe like ours could have popped into existence
132
338327
2995
ื™ืงื•ื ื›ืžื• ืฉืœื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฆื•ืฅ ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช
05:41
out of sheer nothingness,
133
341322
1879
ื™ืฉ ืžืึทื™ืŸ,
05:43
a quantum fluctuation out of the void.
134
343201
3080
ืชื ื•ื“ื” ื›ืžื•ืชื™ืช ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืจึดื™ืง.
05:46
Stephen Hawking is one of these physicists,
135
346281
2058
ืกื˜ื™ื‘ืŸ ื”ื•ืงื™ื ื’ ื ืžื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืงืื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
05:48
more recently Alex Vilenkin,
136
348339
2306
ื•ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ื’ื ืืœื›ืก ื•ื™ืœื ืงื™ืŸ,
05:50
and the whole thing has been popularized
137
350645
1733
ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื›ื” ืœืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื•ืช
05:52
by another very fine physicist and friend of mine,
138
352378
2193
ื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืคื™ื–ื™ืงืื™ ืžืขื•ืœื” ื ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื—ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื™,
05:54
Lawrence Krauss, who wrote a book called
139
354571
2532
ืœื•ืจื ืก ืงืจืื•ืก, ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืกืคืจ ื‘ืฉื:
05:57
"A Universe from Nothing,"
140
357103
2126
"ื™ืงื•ื ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืึทื™ืŸ",
05:59
and Lawrence thinks that he's given โ€”
141
359229
2216
ื•ืœื•ืจื ืก ืกื‘ื•ืจ ืฉ --
06:01
he's a militant atheist, by the way,
142
361445
2081
ื”ื•ื ืืชื™ืืกื˜ ืœื•ื—ืžื ื™, ืื’ื‘,
06:03
so he's gotten God out of the picture.
143
363526
1624
ื•ื”ื•ื ืกื™ืœืง ืืช ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืชืžื•ื ื”.
06:05
The laws of quantum field theory,
144
365150
2381
ื—ื•ืงื™ ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื™ืช ื”ืฉื“ื” ื”ืงื•ื•ื ื˜ื™,
06:07
the state-of-the-art physics, can show how
145
367531
1901
ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื” ื”ืขื“ื›ื ื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื—
06:09
out of sheer nothingness,
146
369432
1318
ืื™ืš ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืึทื™ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜,
06:10
no space, no time, no matter, nothing,
147
370750
2225
ืœืœื ืžืจื—ื‘, ืœืœื ื–ืžืŸ, ืœืœื ื—ื•ืžืจ, ืœืœื ื›ืœื•ื,
06:12
a little nugget of false vacuum
148
372975
3445
ื’ื•ืฉ ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉืœ ืจึดื™ืง ื›ื•ื–ื‘
06:16
can fluctuate into existence,
149
376420
1973
ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืชื ื•ื“ื” ื•ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื,
06:18
and then, by the miracle of inflation,
150
378393
1982
ื•ืื–, ื“ืจืš ื ืก ื”ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช,
06:20
blow up into this huge and variegated cosmos
151
380375
3085
ืœื”ืชืคื•ืฆืฅ ืœื›ื“ื™ ื”ืงื•ืกืžื•ืก ื”ืขืฆื•ื ื•ื”ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”
06:23
we see around us.
152
383460
1755
ืฉืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ื ื•.
06:25
Okay, this is a really ingenious scenario.
153
385215
3554
ื˜ื•ื‘, ื–ื”ื• ืชืจื—ื™ืฉ ื’ืื•ื ื™.
06:28
It's very speculative. It's fascinating.
154
388769
2768
ื–ื” ืžืื“ ืกืคืงื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™, ื–ื” ืžืจืชืง.
06:31
But I've got a big problem with it,
155
391537
2328
ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื‘ืขื™ื” ืจืฆื™ื ื™ืช ืื™ืชื•,
06:33
and the problem is this:
156
393865
1885
ื•ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื–ื•:
06:35
It's a pseudo-religious point of view.
157
395750
1471
ื–ืืช ื”ืฉืงืคื” ื“ืชื™ืช-ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ.
06:37
Now, Lawrence thinks he's an atheist,
158
397221
1996
ืœื•ืจื ืก ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื•ื ืืชืื™ืกื˜,
06:39
but he's still in thrall to a religious worldview.
159
399217
2748
ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื•ืขื‘ื“ ืœื”ืฉืงืคืช-ืขื•ืœื ื“ืชื™ืช.
06:41
He sees physical laws as being like divine commands.
160
401965
4769
ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืื” ื‘ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื” ืžืขื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื ื ืฉื’ื‘ื™ื.
06:46
The laws of quantum field theory for him
161
406734
2050
ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•, ื—ื•ืงื™ ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื™ืช ื”ืฉื“ื” ื”ืงื•ื•ื ื˜ื™
06:48
are like fiat lux, "Let there be light."
162
408784
2611
ื”ื ื›ืžื• ื”ืฆื• "ื•ื™ื”ื™ ืื•ืจ".
06:51
The laws have some sort of ontological power or clout
163
411395
4439
ืœื—ื•ืงื™ื ื™ืฉ ืื™ื–ื” ื›ื•ื— ืื•ื ื˜ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืื• ื™ื›ื•ืœืช
06:55
that they can form the abyss,
164
415834
2107
ืœื‘ืจื•ื ืืช ื”ืชื”ื•ื
06:57
that it's pregnant with being.
165
417941
1840
ืฉืื•ืฆืจืช ื‘ืชื•ื›ื” ืืช ื”ื™ึตืฉ.
06:59
They can call a world into existence out of nothing.
166
419781
2907
ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืึทื™ืŸ.
07:02
But that's a very primitive view of what
167
422688
1947
ืื‘ืœ ื–ืืช ืจืื™ื” ืคืจื™ืžื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืžืื“ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืง ืคื™ื–ื™ืงืœื™, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
07:04
a physical law is, right?
168
424635
1473
07:06
We know that physical laws are actually
169
426108
3255
ื™ื“ื•ืข ืœื ื• ืฉื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื” ื”ื ืœืžืขืฉื”
07:09
generalized descriptions of patterns and regularities
170
429363
3044
ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื ื›ืœืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ื•ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืงื‘ื•ืขื•ืช
07:12
in the world.
171
432407
1205
ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
07:13
They don't exist outside the world.
172
433612
2373
ื”ื ืœื ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืขื•ืœื.
07:15
They don't have any ontic cloud of their own.
173
435985
1980
ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื›ื•ื— ืื•ื ื˜ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืžืฉืœื”ื.
07:17
They can't call a world into existence
174
437965
1995
ื”ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืขื•ืœื ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ื™ืชืงื™ื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืึทื™ืŸ.
07:19
out of nothingness.
175
439960
1318
07:21
That's a very primitive view
176
441278
1531
ื–ืืช ื”ืฉืงืคื” ืจืื™ื” ืคืจื™ืžื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืžืื“ ืขืœ ืžื”ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืง ืคื™ื–ื™ืงืœื™.
07:22
of what a scientific law is.
177
442809
2184
07:24
And if you don't believe me on this,
178
444993
1995
ื•ืื ืื™ื ื›ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ื“ืขืชื™ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื”,
07:26
listen to Stephen Hawking,
179
446988
1802
ื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ื• ืœืกื˜ื™ื‘ืŸ ื”ื•ืงื™ื ื’,
07:28
who himself put forward a model of the cosmos
180
448790
4035
ืฉื”ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ืžื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ืกืžื•ืก
07:32
that was self-contained,
181
452825
1076
ืฉื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ืขืฆืžื•,
07:33
didn't require any outside cause, any creator,
182
453901
3638
ืฉืœื ื ื–ืงืง ืœืฉื•ื ื’ื•ืจื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™, ืฉื•ื ื‘ื•ืจื,
07:37
and after proposing this,
183
457539
1728
ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ืฆื™ืข ืืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ,
07:39
Hawking admitted that he was still puzzled.
184
459267
2414
ื”ื•ืงื™ื ื’ ื”ื•ื“ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืชื•ื”ื”.
07:41
He said, this model is just equations.
185
461681
3312
ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ืฉื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืกืชื ืžืฉื•ื•ืื•ืช.
07:44
What breathes fire into the equations
186
464993
2859
ืžื” ืžืคื™ื— ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉื•ื•ืื•ืช
07:47
and creates a world for them to describe?
187
467852
2922
ื•ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืขื•ืœื ืฉืื•ืชื• ืชื•ื›ืœื ื” ืœืชืืจ? ื–ื” ื”ืคืœื™ื ืื•ืชื•.
07:50
He was puzzled by this,
188
470774
1133
07:51
so equations themselves can't do the magic,
189
471907
3805
ืื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื•ื•ืื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื•ืœืœ ืืช ื”ืงืกื
07:55
can't resolve the puzzle of existence.
190
475712
2138
ื•ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื—ื™ื“ืช ื”ืงื™ื•ื.
07:57
And besides, even if the laws could do that,
191
477850
2913
ื•ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื–ื”, ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช,
08:00
why this set of laws?
192
480763
1823
ืžื“ื•ืข ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืžืขืจื›ืช-ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื–ื•?
08:02
Why quantum field theory that describes
193
482586
2564
ืžื“ื•ืข ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื“ื” ืงื•ื•ื ื˜ื™,
ืฉืžืชืืจืช ื™ืงื•ื ื‘ืขืœ ืžืกืคืจ ืžืกื•ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช
08:05
a universe with a certain number of forces
194
485150
1700
08:06
and particles and so forth?
195
486850
1049
ื•ื—ืœืงื™ืงื™ื ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืœืื”?
08:07
Why not a completely different set of laws?
196
487899
2291
ืžื“ื•ืข ืœื ืžืขืจื›ืช-ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืฉื•ื ื” ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ?
08:10
There are many, many mathematically consistent sets of laws.
197
490190
3288
ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื“ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืช.
08:13
Why not no laws at all? Why not sheer nothingness?
198
493478
3439
ืœืžื” ืœื ื‘ืœื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ? ืœืžื” ืœื ืึทื™ืŸ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜?
08:16
So this is a problem, believe it or not,
199
496917
1732
ืื– ื–ืืช ื‘ืขื™ื”, ืชืืžื™ื ื• ืื• ืœื,
08:18
that reflective physicists really think a lot about,
200
498649
2998
ืฉื”ื•ื’ื™ื ืคื™ื–ื™ืงืื™ื ืื›ืŸ ืžืงื“ื™ืฉื™ื ืœื” ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืจื‘ื”,
08:21
and at this point they tend to go metaphysical,
201
501647
3108
ื•ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื–ื• ื”ื ืžืคืชื—ื™ื ื ื˜ื™ื” ืžื˜ืคื™ื–ื™ืช,
08:24
say, well, maybe the set of laws
202
504755
2215
ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื, ื ื ื™ื—, ืฉืื•ืœื™ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื
08:26
that describes our universe,
203
506970
1247
ืฉืžืชืืจืช ืืช ื™ืงื•ืžื ื•,
08:28
it's just one set of laws
204
508217
1735
ื”ื™ื ืจืง ืžืขืจื›ืช-ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืื—ืช
08:29
and it describes one part of reality,
205
509952
2036
ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืชืืจืช ื—ืœืง ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช,
08:31
but maybe every consistent set of laws
206
511988
2796
ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื›ืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช-ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืขืงื‘ื™ืช
08:34
describes another part of reality,
207
514784
1786
ืžืชืืจืช ื—ืœืง ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช,
08:36
and in fact all possible physical worlds
208
516570
3933
ื•ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืคื™ื–ื™ืงืœื™ืช
08:40
really exist, they're all out there.
209
520503
2451
ืื›ืŸ ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื™ื. ื›ื•ืœื ื™ืฉื ื.
08:42
We just see a little tiny part of reality
210
522954
2283
ืื ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืจื•ืื™ื ื—ืœืง ื–ืขื™ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช
08:45
that's described by the laws of quantum field theory,
211
525237
2543
ืฉืื•ืชื• ืžืชืืจื™ื ื—ื•ืงื™ ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื™ืช ื”ืฉื“ื” ื”ืงื•ื•ื ื˜ื™,
08:47
but there are many, many other worlds,
212
527780
1732
ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื“ ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช,
08:49
parts of reality that are described
213
529512
1766
ื—ืœืงื™ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉืžืชื•ืืจื™ื
08:51
by vastly different theories
214
531278
1957
ืข"ื™ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช
08:53
that are different from ours in ways we can't imagine,
215
533235
3016
ืฉืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืžืืœื• ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ,
08:56
that are inconceivably exotic.
216
536251
3745
ื•ื”ืŸ ื–ืจื•ืช ื•ืžื•ื–ืจื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืœืชื™-ื ืชืคืฉ.
08:59
Steven Weinberg, the father
217
539996
1737
ืกื˜ื™ื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื’,
09:01
of the standard model of particle physics,
218
541733
2441
ืื‘ื™ ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ืชืงื ื™ ืฉืœ ืคื™ื–ื™ืงืช ื”ื—ืœืงื™ืงื™ื,
09:04
has actually flirted with this idea himself,
219
544174
2826
ื”ืฉืชืขืฉืข ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ืขื ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”,
09:07
that all possible realities actually exist.
220
547000
4243
ืœืืžื•ืจ, ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ื•ืช ืื›ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช.
09:11
Also, a younger physicist, Max Tegmark,
221
551243
3089
ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื™ืฉ ืคื™ื–ื™ืงืื™ ืฆืขื™ืจ ื‘ืฉื ืžืงืก ื˜ื’ืžืืจืง,
09:14
who believes that all mathematical structures exist,
222
554332
4376
ืฉืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ื ื”ืžืชืžื˜ื™ื™ื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื,
09:18
and mathematical existence is the same thing
223
558708
2137
ื•ืฉืงื™ื•ื ืžืชืžื˜ื™ ื–ื”ื” ืœืงื™ื•ื ืคื™ื–ื™.
09:20
as physical existence,
224
560845
1767
ื™ืฉ ืœื ื•, ืื ื›ืŸ, ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืขืฆื•ื ื•ืขืฉื™ืจ ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืงื•ืžื™ื
09:22
so we have this vastly rich multiverse
225
562612
2318
09:24
that encompasses every logical possibility.
226
564930
3441
ืฉืžืงื™ืฃ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช.
09:28
Now, in taking this metaphysical way out,
227
568371
3510
ื›ืฉืžืจื—ื™ื‘ื™ื ืžืื“ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืžื˜ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ื–ื•,
09:31
these physicists and also philosophers are actually
228
571881
2272
ืื•ืชื ืคื™ื–ื™ืงืื™ื, ื•ื’ื ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ื,
ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื™ืฉืŸ-ื ื•ืฉืŸ
09:34
reaching back to a very old idea
229
574153
2522
09:36
that goes back to Plato.
230
576675
1457
ืฉื”ื’ื” ืืคืœื˜ื•ืŸ,
ื”ืœื ื”ื•ื ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืคืข ืื• ื”ืคืจื™ื•ืŸ
09:38
It's the principle of plenitude or fecundity,
231
578132
3198
09:41
or the great chain of being,
232
581330
1913
ืฉืœ ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ื”ื•ื•ื™ื™ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”,
09:43
that reality is actually as full as possible.
233
583243
3867
ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื” ืขืฉื™ืจื” ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจ.
09:47
It's as far removed from nothingness
234
587110
1701
ื”ื™ื ืจื—ื•ืงื” ืžื›ืœ ืึทื™ืŸ ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืจืง ืืคืฉืจ.
09:48
as it could possibly be.
235
588811
2895
09:51
So we have these two extremes now.
236
591706
2494
ืื– ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื›ืขืช ืฉืชื™ ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืืœื”.
09:54
We have sheer nothingness on one side,
237
594200
3299
ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“, ื”ืึทื™ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜,
09:57
and we have this vision of a reality
238
597499
2498
ื•ืžื ื’ื“, ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช
09:59
that encompasses every conceivable world
239
599997
3183
ืฉืžืงื™ืคื” ื›ืœ ืขื•ืœื ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขืช,
10:03
at the other extreme: the fullest possible reality,
240
603180
2729
ื‘ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื”: ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ืขืฉื™ืจื” ืฉื‘ื’ื“ืจ ื”ืืคืฉืจ,
10:05
nothingness, the simplest possible reality.
241
605909
2893
ืึทื™ืŸ, ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ืช.
10:08
Now what's in between these two extremes?
242
608802
2879
ืžื” ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”?
10:11
There are all kinds of intermediate realities
243
611681
2027
ื™ืฉ ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืžืฆื™ืื•ื™ื•ืช-ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื
10:13
that include some things and leave out others.
244
613708
2947
ืฉื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ื•ืžื™ื™ืชืจื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
10:16
So one of these intermediate realities
245
616655
1596
ื•ืื—ืช ืžืžืฆื™ืื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•
10:18
is, say, the most mathematically elegant reality,
246
618251
5695
ื”ื™ื, ื ืืžืจ ื›ืš, ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืช,
10:23
that leaves out the inelegant bits,
247
623946
1675
ืฉืžืชืขืœืžืช ืžืŸ ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ื”ืœื-ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ื™ื,
10:25
the ugly asymmetries and so forth.
248
625621
2646
ื”ืึท-ืกื™ืžื˜ืจื™ื•ึนืช ื”ืžื›ื•ืขืจื•ืช ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืœืื”.
10:28
Now, there are some physicists who will tell you
249
628267
2326
ื™ืฉ ืคื™ื–ื™ืงืื™ื ืฉื™ืืžืจื• ืœื›ื
10:30
that we're actually living in the most elegant reality.
250
630593
3634
ืฉืื ื• ืื›ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ืช.
10:34
I think that Brian Greene is in the audience,
251
634227
2947
ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื‘ืจื™ืืŸ ื’ืจื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ืงื”ืœ,
10:37
and he has written a book called "The Elegant Universe."
252
637174
3613
ื•ื”ื•ื ื›ืชื‘ ืกืคืจ ื‘ืฉื: "ื”ื™ืงื•ื ื”ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™".
10:40
He claims that the universe we live in mathematically
253
640787
2271
ื”ื•ื ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืฉื”ื™ืงื•ื ื‘ื• ืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื, ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืช ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
10:43
is very elegant.
254
643058
1709
10:44
Don't believe him. (Laughter)
255
644767
1683
ืืœ ืชืืžื™ื ื• ืœื•. [ืฆื—ื•ืง]
10:46
It's a pious hope, I wish it were true,
256
646450
3087
ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืžืชื—ืกื“ืช; ื”ืœื•ื•ืื™ ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ,
10:49
but I think the other day he admitted to me
257
649537
1913
ืื‘ืœ ื ื“ืžื” ืœื™ ืฉืคืขื ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื•ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืคื ื™,
10:51
it's really an ugly universe.
258
651450
3064
ืฉื–ื”ื• ื‘ืขืฆื ื™ืงื•ื ืžื›ื•ืขืจ.
10:54
It's stupidly constructed,
259
654514
1376
ื”ื•ื ื‘ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื˜ื•ืคืฉืช,
10:55
it's got way too many arbitrary coupling constants
260
655890
3254
ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ืงื‘ื•ืขื™-ืฆื™ืžื•ื“ ื•ื™ื—ืกื™ ืžืกื” ืฉืจื™ืจื•ืชื™ื™ื
10:59
and mass ratios
261
659144
1666
11:00
and superfluous families of elementary particles,
262
660810
2778
ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ืœืงื™ืงื™ ื™ืกื•ื“,
11:03
and what the hell is dark energy?
263
663588
2148
ื•ืžื” ืœืขื–ืื–ืœ ื”ื™ื "ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืืคืœื”"?
11:05
It's a stick and bubble gum contraption.
264
665736
3399
ื–ื”ื• ืžืชืงืŸ ืฉื‘ื ื•ื™ ืžืžืงืœื•ืช ืžื•ื“ื‘ืงื™ื ื‘ืžืกื˜ื™ืง;
11:09
It's not an elegant universe. (Laughter)
265
669135
4003
ื–ื” ืื™ื ื ื• ื™ืงื•ื ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™. [ืฆื—ื•ืง]
11:13
And then there's the best of all possible worlds
266
673138
2743
ื•ื™ืฉื ื• ื’ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื, ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžื•ืกืจื™.
11:15
in an ethical sense.
267
675881
1590
11:17
You should get solemn now,
268
677471
1179
- ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืขืœื™ื›ื ืœื”ืชืžืœื ื‘ื™ืจืืช-ื›ื‘ื•ื“ --
11:18
because a world in which sentient beings
269
678650
3195
ืขื•ืœื ืฉื‘ื• ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืื™ื ื ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืœืœื ื˜ืขื,
11:21
don't suffer needlessly,
270
681845
1620
11:23
in which there aren't things like
271
683465
1869
ืฉื‘ื• ืื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื•
11:25
childhood cancer or the Holocaust.
272
685334
2215
ืกืจื˜ืŸ ืืฆืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืื• ืฉื•ืื”.
11:27
This is an ethical conception.
273
687549
1251
ื”ื•ื ืชืคื™ืฉื” ืžื•ืกืจื™ืช.
11:28
Anyway, so between nothingness
274
688800
2065
ื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ืคืŸ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืึทื™ืŸ
11:30
and the fullest possible reality,
275
690865
1633
ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,
11:32
various special realities.
276
692498
1545
ื™ืฉ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืžืฆื™ืื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช.
11:34
Nothingness is special. It's the simplest.
277
694043
2280
ื”ืึทื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™. ื–ื• ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
11:36
Then there's the most elegant possible reality.
278
696323
3510
ื•ื™ืฉื ื” ื’ื ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื‘ื’ื“ืจ ื”ืืคืฉืจ.
11:39
That's special.
279
699833
1364
ื–ื” ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™.
11:41
The fullest possible reality, that's special.
280
701197
2652
ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช.
11:43
But what are we leaving out here?
281
703849
1516
ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืื ื• ืžื™ื™ืชืจื™ื?
11:45
There's also just the crummy,
282
705365
2736
ื™ืฉื ืŸ ื’ื ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื’ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ื ืจื™ื•ืช,
11:48
generic realities
283
708101
1755
11:49
that aren't special in any way,
284
709856
2621
ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื•ื ื“ืจืš,
11:52
that are sort of random.
285
712477
1552
ืฉื”ืŸ ื“ื™ ืืงืจืื™ื•ืช,
11:54
They're infinitely removed from nothingness,
286
714029
2727
ื•ืจื—ื•ืงื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืึทื™ืŸ,
11:56
but they fall infinitely short of complete fullness.
287
716756
3926
ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืจื—ื•ืงื•ืช ืœืื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืžืœืื•ึผืช ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช,
12:00
They're a mixture of chaos and order,
288
720682
2520
ื”ืŸ ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ืฉืœ ืชื•ื”ื• ื•ืกื“ืจ,
12:03
of mathematical elegance and ugliness.
289
723202
4198
ืฉืœ ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื•ื›ื™ืขื•ืจ ืžืชืžื˜ื™ื™ื.
12:07
So I would describe these realities
290
727400
1785
ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืชืืจ ืžืฆื™ืื•ื™ื•ืช ืืœื”
12:09
as an infinite, mediocre, incomplete mess,
291
729185
4127
ื›ื‘ืœื’ืŸ ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™, ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ ื•ืœื-ื’ืžื•ืจ,
12:13
a generic reality, a kind of cosmic junk shot.
292
733312
3380
ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืกืชืžื™ืช, ืžืขื™ืŸ ืžื–ื‘ืœื” ืงื•ืกืžื™ืช.
12:16
And these realities,
293
736692
2184
ื•ืžืฆื™ืื•ื™ื•ืช ืืœื”,
12:18
is there a deity in any of these realities?
294
738876
2266
ื”ืื ื™ืฉื ื” ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช ื‘ืื—ืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”?
12:21
Maybe, but the deity isn't perfect
295
741142
2411
ืื•ืœื™, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื• ืืœื•ื”ื•ืช ืœื ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช,
12:23
like the Judeo-Christian deity.
296
743553
2336
ื›ืžื• ื”ืืœื•ื”ื•ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช-ื ื•ืฆืจื™ืช.
12:25
The deity isn't all-good and all-powerful.
297
745889
3307
ืืœื•ื”ื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ื ื” ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ื—ื–ืงื”.
12:29
It might be instead 100 percent malevolent
298
749196
3331
ื–ื• ืื•ืœื™ 100% ืืœื•ื”ื•ืช ืžื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื”,
12:32
but only 80 percent effective,
299
752527
2103
ืืš ืจืง 80% ื™ืขื™ืœื”, [ืฆื—ื•ืง]
12:34
which pretty much describes the world we see around us, I think. (Laughter)
300
754630
6137
ื•ื–ื” ืžืชืืจ ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื ื•, ืœื“ืขืชื™.
[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
12:40
So I would like to propose that the resolution
301
760767
2732
ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืฉื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ
12:43
to the mystery of existence
302
763499
1836
ืœืชืขืœื•ืžืช ื”ืงื™ื•ื
12:45
is that the reality we exist in
303
765335
4090
ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื‘ื” ืื ื• ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื
12:49
is one of these generic realities.
304
769425
2056
ื”ื™ื ืื—ืช ืžืื•ืชืŸ ืžืฆื™ืื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ืกืจื•ืช-ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“.
12:51
Reality has to turn out some way.
305
771481
2655
ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ื›ื›ื–ื• ืื• ืื—ืจืช:
12:54
It can either turn out to be nothing
306
774136
2070
ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื”ื™ื ื›ืœื•ื,
12:56
or everything or something in between.
307
776206
3681
ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื›ืœ, ืื• ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ืืžืฆืข.
12:59
So if it has some special feature,
308
779887
3691
ืื– ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื” ืื™ื–ื• ืชื›ื•ื ื” ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช,
13:03
like being really elegant or really full
309
783578
2190
ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ืช ืื• ื‘ืืžืช ืขืฉื™ืจื”
13:05
or really simple, like nothingness,
310
785768
1608
ืื• ื‘ืืžืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”, ื›ืžื• ื”ืึทื™ืŸ,
13:07
that would require an explanation.
311
787376
1801
ื–ื” ื™ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ืกื‘ืจ.
13:09
But if it's just one of these random, generic realities,
312
789177
3159
ืื‘ืœ ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื—ืช ืžืื•ืชืŸ ืžืฆื™ืื•ื™ื•ืช ืืงืจืื™ื•ืช ื•ื’ื ืจื™ื•ืช,
13:12
there's no further explanation for it.
313
792336
2150
ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื”ืกื‘ืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืงื™ื•ืžื”.
13:14
And indeed, I would say
314
794486
1384
ื•ืื›ืŸ, ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื•ืžืจ
13:15
that's the reality we live in.
315
795870
1980
ืฉื–ื• ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื‘ื” ืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื.
13:17
That's what science is telling us.
316
797850
2257
ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ืžื“ืข ืื•ืžืจ ืœื ื•. ื–ื” ืžื”---
13:20
At the beginning of the week,
317
800107
1331
ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข,
13:21
we got the exciting information that
318
801438
3116
ืฉืžืขื ื• ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืžืจื’ืฉ
13:24
the theory of inflation, which predicts a big,
319
804554
3139
ืœืคื™ื• ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช,
ืฉื—ื•ื–ื” ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ืช, ืžื‘ื•ืœื’ื ืช, ืฉืจื™ืจื•ืชื™ืช ื•ื—ืกืจืช-ื˜ืขื,
13:27
infinite, messy, arbitrary, pointless reality,
320
807693
3970
13:31
it's like a big frothing champagne
321
811663
3825
ื”ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืฉืžืคื ื™ื” ืขื ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืงืฆืฃ
13:35
coming out of a bottle endlessly,
322
815488
2684
ืฉื ืฉืคื›ืช ืœื ืฆื— ืžืื™ื–ื” ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืง,
13:38
a vast universe, mostly a wasteland
323
818172
2092
ื™ืงื•ื ืจื—ื‘-ื™ื“ื™ื™ื, ืจื•ื‘ื• ืฉืžืžื”
13:40
with little pockets of charm and order and peace,
324
820264
4266
ืขื ื›ื™ืกื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืงืกื, ืกื“ืจ ื•ืฉืœื•ื•ื”,
13:44
this has been confirmed,
325
824530
2365
ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื” ื–ื• ื–ื›ืชื” ืœืื™ืฉื•ืฉ,
13:46
this inflationary scenario, by the observations
326
826895
2902
ืชืจื—ื™ืฉ ื”ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื”ื–ื” ืื•ืฉืจ ืข"ื™ ืชืฆืคื™ื•ืช
13:49
made by radio telescopes in Antarctica
327
829797
2093
ืฉืขืจื›ื• ื”ืจื“ื™ื•-ื˜ืœืกืงื•ืคื™ื ื‘ืื ื˜ืืจืงื˜ื™ืงื”
13:51
that looked at the signature of the gravitational waves
328
831890
2823
ืฉืฆืคื• ื‘ื—ืชื™ืžืช ื’ืœื™ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ื“ื”
13:54
from just before the Big Bang.
329
834713
1924
ืžื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืžืžืฉ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžืคืฅ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
13:56
I'm sure you all know about this.
330
836637
1845
ืื ื• ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื›ื•ืœื›ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื–ื”.
13:58
So anyway, I think there's some evidence
331
838482
2824
ื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ืคืŸ, ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื™ืฉ ืขื“ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช
14:01
that this really is the reality that we're stuck with.
332
841306
3487
ืœื›ืš ืฉื–ืืช ืื›ืŸ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉืื ื• ืชืงื•ืขื™ื ืื™ืชื”.
14:04
Now, why should you care?
333
844793
3107
ืื– ืœืžื” ื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื›ื ืื™ื›ืคืช?
14:07
Well โ€” (Laughter) โ€”
334
847900
1236
ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ -- [ืฆื—ื•ืง]
14:09
the question, "Why does the world exist?"
335
849136
3424
ื”ืฉืืœื” "ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ืขื•ืœื ืงื™ื™ื?",
14:12
that's the cosmic question, it sort of rhymes
336
852560
1679
ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ืงื•ืกืžื™ืช, ืžืชื—ืจื–ืช ืขื ืฉืืœื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ:
14:14
with a more intimate question:
337
854239
1454
14:15
Why do I exist? Why do you exist?
338
855693
3083
"ืžื“ื•ืข ืื ื™ ืงื™ื™ื? "ืžื“ื•ืข ืืชื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื?"
14:18
you know, our existence would seem to be amazingly improbable,
339
858776
3600
ื”ืงื™ื•ื ืฉืœื ื• ื ืจืื” ื‘ืœืชื™-ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื”ืคืœื™ื,
14:22
because there's an enormous number of genetically possible humans,
340
862376
4319
ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืกืคืจ ืขืฆื•ื ืฉืœ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื’ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช,
14:26
if you can compute it by looking at
341
866695
1404
ืื ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื—ืฉื‘ ืื•ืชืŸ
14:28
the number of the genes and the number of alleles and so forth,
342
868099
2342
ืœืคื™ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื’ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืืœืœื™ื ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืœืื”,
14:30
and a back-of-the-envelope calculation will tell you
343
870441
2296
ื•ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ืœืื—ืจ-ื™ื“ ื™ื’ืœื” ืœื›ื
14:32
there are about 10 to the 10,000th
344
872737
2155
ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืขืจืš 10 ื‘ื—ื–ืงืช 10,000
14:34
possible humans, genetically.
345
874892
1660
ื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื’ื ื˜ื™ืช.
14:36
That's between a googol and a googolplex.
346
876552
3468
ื”ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื•ื’ื•ืœ ืœื’ื•ื’ื•ืœืคืœืงืก.
14:40
And the number of the actual humans that have existed
347
880020
1616
ื•ืžืกืคืจ ื‘ื ื™-ื”ืื“ื ืฉื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื• ืžืื– ื•ืžืขื•ืœื
14:41
is 100 billion, maybe 50 billion,
348
881636
2494
ื”ื•ื 100 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืื• 50 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“,
14:44
an infinitesimal fraction, so all of us,
349
884130
2065
ื–ื”ื• ืฉื‘ืจ ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™, ื›ืš ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื•
14:46
we've won this amazing cosmic lottery.
350
886195
1930
ื–ื›ื™ื ื• ื‘ื”ื’ืจืœืช ื”ืคื™ืก ื”ืงื•ืกืžื™ืช ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื” ื”ื–ืืช.
14:48
We're here. Okay.
351
888125
2119
ืื ื• ื›ืืŸ. ื‘ืกื“ืจ.
14:50
So what kind of reality do we want to live in?
352
890244
2921
ืื– ื‘ืื™ื–ื• ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื—ื™ื•ืช?
14:53
Do we want to live in a special reality?
353
893165
2250
ื”ืื ืื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช?
14:55
What if we were living in the most elegant possible reality?
354
895415
4229
ืžื” ื”ื™ื” ืื™ืœื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ืช ืฉื‘ื’ื“ืจ ื”ืืคืฉืจ?
14:59
Imagine the existential pressure on us
355
899644
2509
ืชืืจื• ืœืขืฆืžื›ื ืืช ื”ืœื—ืฅ ื”ืงื™ื•ืžื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœื™ื ื•,
15:02
to live up to that, to be elegant,
356
902153
1839
ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืœื›ืš, ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ื™ื,
15:03
not to pull down the tone of it.
357
903992
1866
ืœื ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืจืžื”.
15:05
Or, what if we were living in the fullest possible reality?
358
905858
3081
ืื• ืžื” ื”ื™ื” ืื™ืœื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ืขืฉื™ืจื” ืฉื‘ื’ื“ืจ ื”ืืคืฉืจ?
15:08
Well then our existence would be guaranteed,
359
908939
2011
ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ืงื™ื•ื ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ื” ืื– ืžื•ื‘ื˜ื—,
15:10
because every possible thing
360
910950
1778
ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืืคืฉืจื™
15:12
exists in that reality,
361
912728
1366
ื”ื™ื” ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื–ืืช,
15:14
but our choices would be meaningless.
362
914094
2161
ืื‘ืœ ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืื– ื›ืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช.
15:16
If I really struggle morally and agonize
363
916255
2995
ืื ืื ื™ ื ืื‘ืง ื•ืกื•ื‘ืœ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžื•ืกืจื™ืช
15:19
and I decide to do the right thing,
364
919250
2080
ื•ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื ื›ื•ืŸ,
15:21
what difference does it make,
365
921330
1195
ืžื” ื–ื” ืžืฉื ื”?
15:22
because there are an infinite number
366
922525
2025
ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืžืกืคืจ ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ ืฉืœ ื’ืจืกืื•ืช ืฉืœื™
15:24
of versions of me
367
924550
1014
15:25
also doing the right thing
368
925564
1397
ืฉื’ื ื”ืŸ ื ื•ื”ื’ื•ืช ื ื›ื•ืŸ,
15:26
and an infinite number doing the wrong thing.
369
926961
1655
ื•ืžืกืคืจ ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
15:28
So my choices are meaningless.
370
928616
1840
ืื– ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช.
15:30
So we don't want to live in that special reality.
371
930456
2284
ืื– ืื™ื ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ื”ื–ื•.
15:32
And as for the special reality of nothingness,
372
932740
2587
ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืึทื™ืŸ,
15:35
we wouldn't be having this conversation.
373
935327
2227
ื”ืจื™ ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืฉื•ื—ื—ื™ื ื›ืืŸ.
15:37
So I think living in a generic reality that's mediocre,
374
937554
6935
ืื– ืœื“ืขืชื™, ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื—ืกืจืช-ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ืช,
15:44
there are nasty bits and nice bits
375
944489
1896
ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื—ืœืงื™ื ืžื’ืขื™ืœื™ื ื•ื—ืœืงื™ื ื™ืคื™ื,
15:46
and we could make the nice bits bigger
376
946385
1542
ืฉื‘ื” ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื ื• ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ื”ื™ืคื™ื
15:47
and the nasty bits smaller
377
947927
2339
ื•ืœื”ืงื˜ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ื”ืžื’ืขื™ืœื™ื,
15:50
and that gives us a kind of purpose in life.
378
950266
2891
ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืืœื” ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื ื• ืžื˜ืจื”.
15:53
The universe is absurd,
379
953157
1406
ื”ื™ืงื•ื ื”ื•ื ืื‘ืกื•ืจื“ื™,
15:54
but we can still construct a purpose,
380
954563
1727
ืื‘ืœ ืื ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืžื˜ืจื”,
15:56
and that's a pretty good one,
381
956290
940
ื•ื–ืืช ืžื˜ืจื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืœืžื“ื™,
15:57
and the overall mediocrity of reality
382
957230
2665
ื•ืกืš-ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช
15:59
kind of resonates nicely with the mediocrity
383
959895
2605
ืžืฉืชืงืคืช ื™ืคื” ื‘ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ื•ืช
16:02
we all feel in the core of our being.
384
962500
2312
ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ื—ืฉื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ ื”ื•ื•ื™ื™ืชื ื•.
16:04
And I know you feel it.
385
964812
1634
ื•ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœื™ ืฉืืชื ื—ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืš.
16:06
I know you're all special,
386
966446
1104
ื›ื•ืœื›ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื,
16:07
but you're still kind of secretly mediocre,
387
967550
2322
ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช, ื‘ืกืชืจ ืœื™ื‘ื›ื ืืชื ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ื™ื,
16:09
don't you think?
388
969872
1389
ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
16:11
(Laughter) (Applause)
389
971261
1937
[ืฆื—ื•ืง] [ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
16:13
So anyway, you may say, this puzzle, the mystery of existence,
390
973198
4052
ื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ืคืŸ, ืื•ืœื™ ืชื’ื™ื“ื• ืฉื”ื—ื™ื“ื” ื”ื–ื•, ืชืขืœื•ืžืช ื”ืงื™ื•ื,
16:17
it's just silly mystery-mongering.
391
977250
1418
ื”ื™ื ืกืชื ื”ืชืขืกืงื•ืช ืžื˜ื•ืคืฉืช ื‘ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช.
16:18
You're not astonished at the existence of the universe
392
978668
3867
ืื™ื ื›ื ืžืชืคืขืœื™ื ืœื ื•ื›ื— ืงื™ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืงื•ื
16:22
and you're in good company.
393
982535
1635
ื•ืืชื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”.
16:24
Bertrand Russell said,
394
984170
2216
ื‘ืจื˜ืจื ื“ ืจืืกืœ ืืžืจ:
16:26
"I should say the universe is just there, and that's all."
395
986386
3655
"ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื™ืงื•ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื ืžืฆื, ื•ื–ื” ื”ื›ืœ."
16:30
Just a brute fact.
396
990041
1401
ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื’ืกื”.
16:31
And my professor at Columbia, Sidney Morgenbesser,
397
991442
2834
ื•ื”ืžืจืฆื” ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืงื•ืœื•ืžื‘ื™ื”, ืกื™ื“ื ื™ ืžื•ืจื’ื ื‘ืกืจ,
16:34
a great philosophical wag,
398
994276
1709
ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืฃ ื•ืœื™ืฆืŸ ื ืคืœื,
16:35
when I said to him, "Professor Morgenbesser,
399
995985
1617
ื›ืฉืฉืืœืชื™ ืื•ืชื•: "ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ืžื•ืจื’ื ื‘ืกืจ,
16:37
why is there something rather than nothing?"
400
997602
2496
"ืžื“ื•ืข ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื›ืœื•ื?"
16:40
And he said, "Oh, even if there was nothing,
401
1000098
2150
ืืžืจ ืœื™: "ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื”ื™ื” ื›ืœื•ื,
16:42
you still wouldn't be satisfied."
402
1002248
1996
"ื–ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืกืคืง ืื•ืชืš."
16:44
So โ€” (Laughter) โ€” okay.
403
1004244
3749
ืื–-- [ืฆื—ื•ืง] -- ื‘ืกื“ืจ.
16:47
So you're not astonished. I don't care.
404
1007993
2362
ืื– ืืชื ืœื ืžืชืคืขืœื™ื. ืœื ืื™ื›ืคืช ืœื™.
16:50
But I will tell you something to conclude
405
1010355
2973
ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื›ื ืžืฉื”ื• ืœืกื™ื•ื
16:53
that I guarantee you will astonish you,
406
1013328
2278
ืฉืื ื™ ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืœื›ื ืฉื™ื“ื”ื™ื ืืชื›ื,
16:55
because it's astonished all of the brilliant,
407
1015606
2667
ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื”ื“ื”ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื
16:58
wonderful people I've met at this TED conference,
408
1018273
2313
ื”ืžื‘ืจื™ืงื™ื ื•ื”ื ืคืœืื™ื ืฉืคื’ืฉืชื™ ื‘ื›ื ืก TED ื–ื”,
17:00
when I've told them, and it's this:
409
1020586
2214
ื›ืฉืืžืจืชื™ ืœื”ื ื–ืืช, ื•ื–ื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ:
17:02
Never in my life have I had a cell phone.
410
1022800
4502
ืžืขื•ืœื, ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™, ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืกืœื•ืœืจื™.
17:07
Thank you.
411
1027302
1877
ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
[ืฆื—ื•ืง] [ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
17:09
(Laughter) (Applause)
412
1029179
4000
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7