Inside the fight against Russia's fake news empire | Olga Yurkova

95,851 views ใƒป 2018-06-29

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ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Talia Breuer ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Shlomo Adam
00:13
2014, July 5,
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2014, ื”-5 ืœื™ื•ืœื™,
00:17
the Ukrainian army entered Sloviansk city in eastern Ukraine.
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ื”ืฆื‘ื ื”ืื•ืงืจืื™ื ื™ ื ื›ื ืก ืœืขื™ืจ ืกืœื•ื‘ื™ืื ืกืง ื‘ืžื–ืจื— ืื•ืงืจืื™ื ื”,
00:21
They gathered all the locals in Lenin Square.
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ื”ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื›ื™ื ืกื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ื›ืจ ืœื ื™ืŸ.
00:25
Then, they organized the public crucifixion
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ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ืืจื’ื ื• ืฆืœื™ื‘ื” ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ืช
00:30
of the son of a pro-Russia militant.
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ืฉืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ื ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžื™ืœื™ื˜ื ื˜ ืชื•ืžืš ืจื•ืกื™ื”.
00:33
He was only three years old.
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ื‘ื ื• ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืŸ 3 ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“.
00:36
Refugee Galina Pyshnyak told this story to Russia's First TV channel.
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ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื” ื’ืœื™ื ื” ืคืฉื™ื ื™ืืง ืกื™ืคืจื” ืขืœ ื›ืš ืœืขืจื•ืฅ ื”ืจื•ืกื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ.
00:42
In fact, this incident never happened.
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข ื”ื–ื” ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ืชืจื—ืฉ.
00:47
I visited Sloviansk.
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ืื ื™ ื‘ื™ืงืจืชื™ ื‘ืกืœื•ื‘ื™ืื ืกืง.
00:49
There is no Lenin Square.
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ื›ื™ื›ืจ ืœื ื™ืŸ ืœื ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืฉื.
00:51
In reality, Galina's husband was an active pro-Russia militant in Donbass.
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ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื, ืฉื‘ืขืœื” ืฉืœ ื’ืœื™ื ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžื™ืœื™ื˜ื ื˜ ืชื•ืžืš ืจื•ืกื™ื” ื‘ื“ื•ื ื‘ืืก.
00:58
This is just one of many examples.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืจืง ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืื—ืช ืžื™ื ื™ ืจื‘ื•ืช.
01:01
Ukraine has been suffering from Russian propaganda and fake news
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ืื•ืงืจืื™ื ื” ืกื•ื‘ืœืช ืžื”ื›ืคืฉืช ืฉืžื” ื•ืžืคืจืกื•ื ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืžื–ื•ื™ืคื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืจื•ืกื™ื
01:05
for four years now,
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ืžื–ื” ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื,
01:07
but Russia is not the only player in this space.
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ืืš ืจื•ืกื™ื” ืื™ื ื” ื”ืฉื—ืงื ื™ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื‘ืžื’ืจืฉ ื”ื–ื”.
01:11
Fake news is happening all around the world.
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ืคืจืกื•ื ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืžื–ื•ื™ืคื•ืช ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
01:16
We all know about fake news.
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš.
01:17
We see it and read it all the time.
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ืื ื• ื ื—ืฉืคื™ื ืืœื™ื”ืŸ ื•ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
01:21
But the thing about fake news
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืžื–ื•ื™ืคื•ืช
01:23
is that we don't always know what is fake and what is real,
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ืชืžื™ื“ ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื” ืžื–ื•ื™ืฃ ื•ืžื” ืืžื™ืชื™,
01:27
but we base our decisions on facts we get from the press and social media.
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ืืœื ืžื‘ืกืกื™ื ืืช ื“ืขื•ืชื™ื ื• ืขืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืฉืื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื•ืžื”ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช.
01:33
When facts are false,
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ื›ืฉื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ื›ื•ื–ื‘ื•ืช,
01:35
decisions are wrong.
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ืžืชืงื‘ืœื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉื’ื•ื™ื•ืช.
01:38
A lot of people stop believing anyone at all
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืœืื™ืฉ.
01:42
and this is even more dangerous.
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ื•ื–ื” ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ.
01:44
They easily become prey to populists in elections,
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ื”ื ื ืขืฉื™ื ื˜ืจืฃ ืงืœ ืœืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช,
01:48
or even take up arms.
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ื•ืืฃ ืžืฆื˜ื™ื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื ืฉืง.
01:51
Fake news is not only bad for journalism.
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ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืžื–ื•ื™ืคื•ืช ืžื–ื™ืงื•ืช ืœื ืจืง ืœืขื™ืชื•ื ื•ืช.
01:54
It's a threat for democracy and society.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืกื›ื ื” ืœื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ื•ืœื—ื‘ืจื”.
01:58
Four years ago, unmarked soldiers
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ืœืคื ื™ ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื, ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื ืกื™ืžื ื™ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™
02:02
entered the Crimean Peninsula,
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ืคืœืฉื• ืœื—ืฆื™ ื”ืื™ ืงืจื™ื,
02:05
and at the same time,
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ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื–ืžืŸ,
02:06
Russian media was going crazy with fake news about Ukraine.
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ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืจื•ืกื™ืช ืคื™ื–ืจื” ืœืœื ื”ื›ืจื” ืžื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืžื–ื•ื™ืคื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืื•ืงืจืื™ื ื”.
02:12
So a group of journalists, including me,
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ืื– ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืื•ืชื™,
02:15
started a website to investigate this fake news.
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ื”ืงื™ืžื• ืืชืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื™ืคื•ืช.
02:19
We called it StopFake.
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ืงืจืื ื• ืœื• ืดืกื˜ื•ืค-ืคื™ื™ืงืด
02:22
The idea was simple:
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜:
02:24
take a piece of news, check it with verifiable proof
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ืœืฉืœื•ืฃ ืคื™ืกืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช, ืœืืžืช ืื•ืชื” ืžื•ืœ ื”ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืช-ืื™ืžื•ืช
02:28
like photos, videos and other strong evidence.
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ื›ืžื• ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช, ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ื•ืขื•ื“ ืจืื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืฆืงื•ืช.
02:32
If it turns out to be fake, we put it on our website.
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ืื ื”ื™ื ืžืชื‘ืจืจืช ื›ืžื–ื•ื™ืคืช, ืื ื• ืžืขืœื™ื ื–ืืช ืœืืชืจ.
02:36
Now, StopFake is an informational hub
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ื”ื™ื•ื, "ืกื˜ื•ืค-ืคื™ื™ืง" ื”ื•ื ืžืจื›ื– ืžื™ื“ืข
02:40
which analyzes propaganda in all its phases.
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ืฉืžื ืชื— ืชืขืžื•ืœื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืฉืœื‘ื™ื”.
02:44
We have 11 language versions, we have millions of views,
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ืื ื• ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘-11 ืฉืคื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืฆืคื™ื•ืช,
02:49
We have taught more than 10,000 people
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ืœื™ืžื“ื ื• ืžืขืœ 10,000 ืื™ืฉ
02:52
how to distinguish true from false.
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ืื™ืš ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืžืช ืœื‘ื“ื™ื”.
02:55
And we teach fact checkers all around the world.
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ืื ื• ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™-ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
03:00
StopFake has uncovered more than 1,000 fakes about Ukraine.
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"ืกื˜ื•ืค-ืคื™ื™ืง" ื—ืฉืคื” ืžืขืœ 1,000 ืฉืงืจื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืื•ืงืจืื™ื ื”.
03:06
We've identified 18 narratives
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ื–ื™ื”ื™ื ื• 18 ื ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉื ื•ืฆืจื• ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื”ื–ืืช.
03:10
created using this fake news,
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03:13
such as Ukraine is a fascist state,
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ื›ื’ื•ืŸ: ืื•ืงืจืื™ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืคืฉื™ืกื˜ื™ืช,
03:17
a failed state,
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ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื›ื•ืฉืœืช,
03:18
a state run by a junta who came to power as a result of a coup d'รฉtat.
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ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืžื ื•ื”ืœืช ืข"ื™ ื—ื•ื ื˜ื” ืฉืขืœืชื” ืœืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืคื™ื›ื”.
03:23
We proved that it's not bad journalism;
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ื”ื•ื›ื—ื ื• ืฉืœื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืจืง ื‘ืขื™ืชื•ื ื•ืช ื’ืจื•ืขื”,
03:26
it's a deliberate act of misinformation.
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ืืœื ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื” ืžื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืฉืœ ื–ืจื™ืขืช ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืกื•ืœืฃ.
03:29
Fake news is a powerful weapon in information warfare,
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ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืžื–ื•ื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื›ืœื™ ื ืฉืง ืจื‘-ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื‘ืœื•ื—ืžืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข,
03:33
but there is something we can do about it.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœื–ื”.
03:37
We all have smartphones.
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ืœื›ื•ืœื ื• ื™ืฉ ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ื—ื›ืžื™ื.
03:39
When we see something interesting, it's often automatic.
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ื›ืฉืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืœืจื•ื‘, ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช.
03:42
We just click and pass it along.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงืœื™ืงื™ื ื•ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื”ืœืื”.
03:45
But how can you not be a part of fake news?
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ืื‘ืœ ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืœืงื—ืช ื—ืœืง ื‘ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืžื–ื•ื™ืคื•ืช?
03:48
First, if it's too dramatic, too emotional, too clickbait,
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ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืื ื–ื” ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ ืžื“ื™, ืจื’ืฉื ื™ ืžื“ื™, ืฉื™ื•ื•ืงื™ ืžื“ื™,
03:56
then it's very likely that it isn't true.
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ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžืื•ื“ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืฉื–ื• ืื™ื ื” ืืžืช.
04:00
The truth is boring sometimes.
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ื”ืืžืช ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืžืฉืขืžืžืช.
04:02
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:04
Manipulations are always sexy.
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ืชื—ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืชืžื™ื“ ืกืงืกื™ื•ืช.
04:07
They are designed to captivate you.
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ื”ืŸ ื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœืฉื‘ื•ืช ืืช ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื›ื.
04:10
Do your research.
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ืขืฉื• ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืฉืœื›ื.
04:11
This is the second point, very simple.
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ืฉื ื™ืช, ืžืื•ื“ ืคืฉื•ื˜.
04:14
Look at other sites.
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ื—ืคืฉื• ื‘ืืชืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
04:16
Check out alternative news sources.
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ื‘ื“ืงื• ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืžื™ื“ืข ื—ืœื•ืคื™ื™ื.
04:19
Google names, addresses, license plates, experts and authors.
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ื”ืจื™ืฆื• ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื‘ื’ื•ื’ืœ ืขืœ ืฉืžื•ืช, ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช, ืœื•ื—ื™ื•ืช ืจื™ืฉื•ื™, ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ื•ื”ืฆืขื•ืช.
04:24
Don't just believe, check.
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ืืœ ืชืืžื™ื ื• ืžื™ื“, ื‘ื“ืงื•.
04:26
It's the only way to stop this culture of fake news.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืœืžื’ืจ ืืช ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื™ืคื•ืช.
04:31
This information warfare is not only about fake news.
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ืœื•ื—ืžืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื• ืื™ื ื” ืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืžื–ื•ื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“.
04:35
Our society depends on trust:
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ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื ื•ื™ื” ืขืœ ืืžื•ืŸ:
04:38
trust in our institutions,
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ืืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•,
04:40
in science,
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ื‘ืžื“ืข,
04:42
trust in our leaders,
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ืืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•,
04:44
trust in our news outlets.
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ืืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
04:47
And it's on us to find a way to rebuild trust,
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ื•ืชืคืงื™ื“ื ื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ื“ืจืš, ืœืฉืงื ืืช ื”ืืžื•ืŸ,
04:52
because fake news destroys it.
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ื›ื™ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื™ืคื•ืช ืžืขืจืขืจื•ืช ืื•ืชื•.
04:55
So ask yourself,
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ืื– ืฉืืœื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื,
04:57
what have you lost your faith in?
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ื‘ืžื” ืื™ื‘ื“ืชื ืืžื•ืŸ?
05:01
Where has trust been ruined for you?
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ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ืคืจ ื”ืืžื•ืŸ ืฉื ืชืชื,
05:04
And what are you going to do about it?
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ื•ืžื” ืืชื ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื–ื”?
05:08
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื”.
05:09
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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