Inside the fight against Russia's fake news empire | Olga Yurkova

96,075 views ・ 2018-06-29

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譯者: Lilian Chiu 審譯者: Yanyan Hong
00:13
2014, July 5,
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2014 年 7 月 5 日,
00:17
the Ukrainian army entered Sloviansk city in eastern Ukraine.
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烏克蘭軍隊進入了 東烏克蘭的斯拉維揚斯克。
00:21
They gathered all the locals in Lenin Square.
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他們把所有當地人 集合到列寧廣場上。
00:25
Then, they organized the public crucifixion
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接著,他們安排 將一名親俄激進分子的
00:30
of the son of a pro-Russia militant.
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兒子公開釘上十字架。
00:33
He was only three years old.
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他才三歲。
00:36
Refugee Galina Pyshnyak told this story to Russia's First TV channel.
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難民葛琳娜皮希納克在俄國的 First TV 頻道說出了這個故事。
00:42
In fact, this incident never happened.
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事實上,這個事件從來沒有發生過。
00:47
I visited Sloviansk.
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我造訪了斯拉維揚斯克。
00:49
There is no Lenin Square.
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那裡沒有列寧廣場。
00:51
In reality, Galina's husband was an active pro-Russia militant in Donbass.
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現實中,葛琳娜的先生是 在頓巴斯的活躍親俄激進分子。
00:58
This is just one of many examples.
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這只是一個例子,還有很多其他的。
01:01
Ukraine has been suffering from Russian propaganda and fake news
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烏克蘭受到俄國的宣傳 及假新聞所苦,
01:05
for four years now,
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至今已有四年之久,
01:07
but Russia is not the only player in this space.
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但俄國並不是唯一的這類玩家。
01:11
Fake news is happening all around the world.
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假新聞在全世界都有發生。
01:16
We all know about fake news.
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我們都知道假新聞。
01:17
We see it and read it all the time.
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我們常常都在看它們、讀它們。
01:21
But the thing about fake news
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但關於假新聞,重點在於,
01:23
is that we don't always know what is fake and what is real,
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我們無法每次都知道 什麼是假的,什麼是真的,
01:27
but we base our decisions on facts we get from the press and social media.
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但我們卻根據平面媒體和社交媒體 所得到的事實來做我們的決策。
01:33
When facts are false,
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若事實是假的,
01:35
decisions are wrong.
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決策就會是錯的。
01:38
A lot of people stop believing anyone at all
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許多人完全不再相信任何人了,
01:42
and this is even more dangerous.
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這狀況可能更危險。
01:44
They easily become prey to populists in elections,
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在選舉中,他們很容易 就變成民粹派的獵物,
01:48
or even take up arms.
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甚至會拿起武器。
01:51
Fake news is not only bad for journalism.
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假新聞不只對新聞業不好。
01:54
It's a threat for democracy and society.
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假新聞也是對民主和社會的威脅。
01:58
Four years ago, unmarked soldiers
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四年前,沒人注意到的士兵
02:02
entered the Crimean Peninsula,
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進入了克里米亞半島,
02:05
and at the same time,
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同時,
02:06
Russian media was going crazy with fake news about Ukraine.
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俄國媒體把焦點通通 放在烏克蘭的假新聞上。
02:12
So a group of journalists, including me,
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所以,有一群記者,包括我在內,
02:15
started a website to investigate this fake news.
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我們建立了一個網站來調查假新聞。
02:19
We called it StopFake.
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取名為 StopFake(停止作假)。
02:22
The idea was simple:
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想法很簡單:
02:24
take a piece of news, check it with verifiable proof
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選一則新聞,用可以 驗證的證據來查核它,
02:28
like photos, videos and other strong evidence.
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比如照片、影片,及其他強力證據。
02:32
If it turns out to be fake, we put it on our website.
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如果結果發現它是假的, 就把它放上我們的網站。
02:36
Now, StopFake is an informational hub
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現在,StopFake 是 一個提供消息的中心,
02:40
which analyzes propaganda in all its phases.
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它會分析宣傳活動, 每個階段都不漏掉。
02:44
We have 11 language versions, we have millions of views,
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我們有 11 種語言的版本, 點閱人次已經有數百萬。
02:49
We have taught more than 10,000 people
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我們教導了超過一萬人
02:52
how to distinguish true from false.
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如何區別真假。
02:55
And we teach fact checkers all around the world.
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我們也教導世界各地的事實查核者。
03:00
StopFake has uncovered more than 1,000 fakes about Ukraine.
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StopFake 已經發現了 超過一千則關於烏克蘭的假新聞。
03:06
We've identified 18 narratives
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我們也確認有 18 則故事,
03:10
created using this fake news,
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是用這些假新聞所創造出來的,
03:13
such as Ukraine is a fascist state,
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比如烏克蘭是法西斯國家、
03:17
a failed state,
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失敗的國家、
03:18
a state run by a junta who came to power as a result of a coup d'état.
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由一個軍人集團主導的國家, 這個集團能取得權力是因為政變。
03:23
We proved that it's not bad journalism;
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我們證明了那些新聞 並不是沒做好的新聞;
03:26
it's a deliberate act of misinformation.
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而是蓄意提供錯誤資訊的行為。
03:29
Fake news is a powerful weapon in information warfare,
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在資訊戰當中, 假新聞是很強大的武器,
03:33
but there is something we can do about it.
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但對此,我們還是有可以盡的心力。
03:37
We all have smartphones.
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我們都有智慧手機。
03:39
When we see something interesting, it's often automatic.
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當我們看見覺得有趣的東西時, 通常都是完全自動的,
03:42
We just click and pass it along.
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我們會點選它,然後傳出去。
03:45
But how can you not be a part of fake news?
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但,你要如何不成為 假新聞的一部分?
03:48
First, if it's too dramatic, too emotional, too clickbait,
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第一,如果新聞太戲劇性、 太情緒化、太像是要誘使人點選,
03:56
then it's very likely that it isn't true.
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那就很可能不是真的。
04:00
The truth is boring sometimes.
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有時,真相是很無聊的。
04:02
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
04:04
Manipulations are always sexy.
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操弄總是很性感的。
04:07
They are designed to captivate you.
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操弄就是設計來蠱惑你的。
04:10
Do your research.
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你自己要做研究。
04:11
This is the second point, very simple.
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這是第二點,非常簡單。
04:14
Look at other sites.
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看其他網站。
04:16
Check out alternative news sources.
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查核其他的新聞來源。
04:19
Google names, addresses, license plates, experts and authors.
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用 Google 搜尋姓名、地址、 牌照、專家,以及提議。
04:24
Don't just believe, check.
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別直接相信,要查核。
04:26
It's the only way to stop this culture of fake news.
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那是能阻止這種 假新聞文化的唯一方式。
04:31
This information warfare is not only about fake news.
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這場資訊戰並不只和假新聞有關係。
04:35
Our society depends on trust:
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我們的社會要依賴信任:
04:38
trust in our institutions,
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信任我們的制度、
04:40
in science,
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信任科學、
04:42
trust in our leaders,
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信任我們的領導人、
04:44
trust in our news outlets.
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信任我們的新聞通路。
04:47
And it's on us to find a way to rebuild trust,
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要靠我們來找到方式,重建信任,
04:52
because fake news destroys it.
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因為假新聞會摧毀信任。
04:55
So ask yourself,
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所以,問問你自己,
04:57
what have you lost your faith in?
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你在什麼事情上失去了你的信念?
05:01
Where has trust been ruined for you?
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你的信任在哪裡被摧毀了?
05:04
And what are you going to do about it?
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對此,你打算怎麼辦?
05:08
Thank you.
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謝謝。
05:09
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
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