Fighting with non-violence | Scilla Elworthy

268,292 views ใƒป 2012-08-05

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ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Translator: Timothy Covell Reviewer: Morton Bast
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ืžืชืจื’ื: Orr Schlesinger ืžื‘ืงืจ: Sigal Tifferet
00:15
In half a century of trying to help prevent wars,
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ื‘ื—ืฆื™ ืžืื” ืฉื‘ื” ืื ื™ ืžื ืกื” ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช,
00:19
there's one question that never leaves me:
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ื™ืฉื ื” ืฉืืœื” ืื—ืช ืฉืœื ืžืจืคื” ืžืžื ื™:
00:23
How do we deal with extreme violence
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืขื ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช
00:26
without using force in return?
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ืœืœื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ื—?
00:30
When you're faced with brutality,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื™ืฆื‘ื™ื ืืœ ืžื•ืœ ื‘ืจื•ื˜ืœื™ื•ืช,
00:33
whether it's a child facing a bully on a playground
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ืื ื–ื” ื™ืœื“ ื”ื ื™ืฆื‘ ืžื•ืœ ื‘ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื’ืŸ ื”ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื
00:35
or domestic violence --
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ืื• ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช --
00:37
or, on the streets of Syria today,
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ืื• ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืกื•ืจื™ื” ื›ื™ื•ื,
00:40
facing tanks and shrapnel,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื™ืฆื‘ื™ื ืืœ ืžื•ืœ ื˜ื ืงื™ื ื•ืคื’ื–ื™ ืจืกืก,
00:43
what's the most effective thing to do?
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ืžื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช?
00:46
Fight back? Give in?
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ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ื—ื–ืจื”? ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืข?
00:49
Use more force?
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ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ื—?
00:52
This question: "How do I deal with a bully
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ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื–ื•: "ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืื ื™ ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ืช ืขื ื‘ืจื™ื•ืŸ
00:56
without becoming a thug in return?"
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ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืื—ื“ ื›ื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื™?"
01:00
has been with me ever since I was a child.
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ืœื™ื•ื•ืชื” ืื•ืชื™ ืžืื– ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื™ืœื“ื”.
01:03
I remember I was about 13,
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ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจืช ืฉื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืช 13 ื‘ืขืจืš,
01:05
glued to a grainy black and white television in my parents' living room
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื“ื‘ื•ืงื” ืœื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ืžืฉื•ื‘ืฉืช ื‘ืฉื—ื•ืจ-ืœื‘ืŸ ื‘ืกืœื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืจื™ื™
01:10
as Soviet tanks rolled into Budapest,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื˜ื ืงื™ื ืกื•ื‘ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื ื›ื ืกื• ืœื‘ื•ื“ืคืฉื˜,
01:14
and kids not much older than me
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ื•ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืžื ื™
01:17
were throwing themselves at the tanks
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ื”ืชืขืžืชื• ืขื ื”ื˜ื ืงื™ื
01:20
and getting mown down.
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ืฉื”ืจื’ื• ืื•ืชื ืœืœื ืงื•ืฉื™.
01:22
And I rushed upstairs and started packing my suitcase.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืจืฆืชื™ ื‘ืžืขืœื” ื”ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืืจื•ื– ืืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™.
01:26
And my mother came up and said, "What on Earth are you doing?"
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ืืžื ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืื” ืืœื™ ื•ืืžืจื”, "ืžื” ืœืขื–ืื–ืœ ืืช ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืืช ืขื•ืฉื”?"
01:28
And I said, "I'm going to Budapest."
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ื•ืขื ื™ืชื™ ืœื”: "ืื ื™ ื ื•ืกืขืช ืœื‘ื•ื“ืคืฉื˜."
01:31
And she said, "What on Earth for?"
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืฉืืœื” ืื•ืชื™, "ืœืžื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง?"
01:33
And I said, "Kids are getting killed there.
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ืขื ื™ืชื™ ืœื”: "ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื ื”ืจื’ื™ื ืฉื.
01:35
There's something terrible happening."
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ืžืฉื”ื• ื ื•ืจื ืงื•ืจื”."
01:37
And she said, "Don't be so silly."
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื” ืœื™, "ืืœ ืชืชื ื”ื’ื™ ื‘ื˜ืคืฉื•ืช."
01:39
And I started to cry.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื‘ื›ื•ืช.
01:42
And she got it, she said,
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืจืืชื” ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื”,
01:44
"Okay, I see it's serious.
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"ืื•ืงื™ื™, ืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ืฉื–ื” ืจืฆื™ื ื™.
01:46
You're much too young to help.
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ืืช ืฆืขื™ืจื” ืžื“ื™ื™ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ.
01:49
You need training. I'll help you.
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ืืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื”ื›ืฉืจื”. ืื ื™ ืืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืš.
01:51
But just unpack your suitcase."
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ืื‘ืœ ืชืคืจืงื™ ืืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœืš."
01:53
And so I got some training
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ืื– ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื›ืฉืจื”
01:57
and went and worked in Africa during most of my 20s.
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ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืœื—ื™ื™.
02:01
But I realized that what I really needed to know
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืฉืžื” ืฉื‘ืืžืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื“ืขืช
02:05
I couldn't get from training courses.
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ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื‘ืงื•ืจืกื™ ื”ื›ืฉืจื”.
02:07
I wanted to understand
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ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ
02:09
how violence, how oppression, works.
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื•ื“ื™ื›ื•ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื.
02:14
And what I've discovered since is this:
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ืžืื–:
02:19
Bullies use violence in three ways.
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ื‘ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื“ืจื›ื™ื.
02:23
They use political violence to intimidate,
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ื”ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืื™ื™ื ื•ืœื”ืคื—ื™ื“,
02:28
physical violence to terrorize
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ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื˜ื™ืœ ืžื•ืจื
02:33
and mental or emotional violence to undermine.
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ื•ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื ืคืฉื™ืช ืื• ืจื’ืฉื™ืช ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืขืจืขืจ ื•ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฉ.
02:41
And only very rarely in very few cases
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ื•ืจืง ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืžืขื˜ื™ื
02:44
does it work to use more violence.
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ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ืื›ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ื“.
02:48
Nelson Mandela went to jail believing in violence,
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ื ืœืกื•ืŸ ืžื ื“ืœื” ื ื›ื ืก ืœื›ืœื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืžืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืืœื™ืžื•ืช,
02:54
and 27 years later
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ื•-27 ืฉื ื™ื ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ
02:56
he and his colleagues
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ื”ื•ื ื•ื—ื‘ืจื™ื• ืœื“ืจืš
02:58
had slowly and carefully
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ืœืื˜ ื•ื‘ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช
03:00
honed the skills, the incredible skills, that they needed
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ื”ืฉื—ื™ื–ื• ืืช ื”ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื•ืช, ืฉื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื
03:05
to turn one of the most vicious governments the world has known
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ืื—ื“ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื™ื ื”ื ื•ืจืื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืื™ ืคืขื
03:09
into a democracy.
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ืœื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื”.
03:11
And they did it in a total devotion to non-violence.
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ื”ื ืขืฉื• ื–ืืช ื‘ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžืœืื” ืœืื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืืœื™ืžื•ืช.
03:16
They realized that using force against force
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ื”ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ืฉื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ื— ื›ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืœื›ื—
03:23
doesn't work.
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ืื™ื ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“.
03:28
So what does work?
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ืื– ืžื” ื›ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ื“?
03:30
Over time I've collected about a half-dozen methods
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ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืืกืคืชื™ ื›ื—ืฆื™ ืชืจื™ืกืจ ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช
03:34
that do work -- of course there are many more --
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ืฉื›ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช -- ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉื ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ืจื‘ื•ืช --
03:36
that do work and that are effective.
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ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ืŸ ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช.
03:38
And the first is
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ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื
03:39
that the change that has to take place
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ืฉื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงืจื•ืช
03:42
has to take place here, inside me.
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ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงืจื•ืช ื›ืืŸ, ื‘ืชื•ื›ื™.
03:46
It's my response, my attitude, to oppression
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ื–ื• ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœื™, ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉืœื™, ืœื“ื™ื›ื•ื™
03:50
that I've got control over,
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ืฉืขืœื™ื” ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”,
03:53
and that I can do something about.
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ื•ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืืœื™ื” ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
03:56
And what I need to develop is self-knowledge to do that.
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืคืชื— ื–ื” ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืขืฆืžื™ืช ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช.
04:00
That means I need to know how I tick,
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ื–ืืช ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื“ืขืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืื ื™ ืคื•ืขืœืช,
04:02
when I collapse,
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ืžืชื™ ืื ื™ ืงื•ืจืกืช,
04:04
where my formidable points are,
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ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืงืฉื” ืœื™ ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืื™ืชืŸ,
04:09
where my weaker points are.
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ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ืœืฉื•ืช ืฉืœื™.
04:11
When do I give in?
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ืžืชื™ ืื ื™ ืžื•ื•ืชืจืช?
04:13
What will I stand up for?
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ืœืžืขืŸ ืžื” ืื ื™ ืžื•ื›ื ื” ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื?
04:18
And meditation or self-inspection
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ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืฆืžื™ืช
04:23
is one of the ways -- again it's not the only one --
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ื”ืŸ ืื—ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื -- ื–ื• ืœื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” --
04:26
it's one of the ways
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ื–ื• ืื—ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื
04:27
of gaining this kind of inner power.
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ืœื”ืฉื’ืช ื›ื— ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืžืกื•ื’ ื–ื”.
04:31
And my heroine here -- like Satish's --
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ื•ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฉืœื™ ื›ืืŸ -- ื›ืžื• ืฉืœ ืกื˜ื™ืฉ --
04:33
is Aung San Suu Kyi in Burma.
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ื”ื™ื ืื•ื ื’ ืกืืŸ ืกื• ืฆ'ื™ ื‘ื‘ื•ืจืžื”.
04:36
She was leading a group of students
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื
04:40
on a protest in the streets of Rangoon.
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ื‘ืžื—ืื” ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืจื ื’ื•ืŸ.
04:42
They came around a corner faced with a row of machine guns.
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ื”ื ืžืฆืื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื ื™ืฆื‘ื™ื ืืœ ืžื•ืœ ืฉื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื™ืจื™ื™ื”
04:47
And she realized straight away
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื™ืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื”
04:48
that the soldiers with their fingers shaking on the triggers
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ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืฉื, ืขื ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช ืจื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื”ื“ืง
04:52
were more scared than the student protesters behind her.
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ื”ื™ื• ืžืคื•ื—ื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ื”.
04:57
But she told the students to sit down.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื” ืœืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืœืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื.
05:00
And she walked forward with such calm and such clarity
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืฆืขื“ื” ืงื“ื™ืžื” ืขื ื›ื–ื” ืจื•ื’ืข ื•ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช
05:07
and such total lack of fear
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ื•ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืœืœื ืคื—ื“,
05:11
that she could walk right up to the first gun,
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ืฉื”ื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื™ื›ืœื” ืœืœื›ืช ืขื“ ืžื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื™ืจื™ื™ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”,
05:15
put her hand on it and lower it.
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ืœืฉื™ื ืืช ื™ื“ื” ืขืœื™ื” ื•ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืื•ืชื” ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืจืฆืคื”.
05:23
And no one got killed.
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ื•ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื ื”ืจื’.
05:27
So that's what the mastery of fear can do --
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืขืœ ื”ืคื—ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช --
05:31
not only faced with machine guns,
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ืœื ืจืง ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื™ืฆื‘ื™ื ืืœ ืžื•ืœ ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื™ืจื™ื™ื”,
05:33
but if you meet a knife fight in the street.
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ื’ื ืื ื ืงืœืขื™ื ืœืงื˜ื˜ื” ืขื ืกื›ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘.
05:37
But we have to practice.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชืืžืŸ.
05:40
So what about our fear?
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ืžื” ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืคื—ื“ ืฉืœื ื•?
05:42
I have a little mantra.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืžื ื˜ืจื” ืงื˜ื ื”.
05:46
My fear grows fat
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ื”ืคื—ื“ ืฉืœื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ืžืฉืžื™ืŸ
05:50
on the energy I feed it.
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ืžืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžืื›ื™ืœื” ืื•ืชื•.
05:52
And if it grows very big
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ื•ืื ื”ื•ื ื’ื“ืœ ืขื“ ืžืื•ื“
05:54
it probably happens.
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ื–ื” ื›ื ืจืื” ืงื•ืจื”.
05:57
So we all know the three o'clock in the morning syndrome,
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ืกื™ื ื“ืจื•ื ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ,
06:01
when something you've been worrying about wakes you up --
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืžื“ืื™ื’ ืืชื›ื ื’ื•ืจื ืœื›ื ืœื”ืชืขื•ืจืจ --
06:04
I see a lot of people --
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื --
06:06
and for an hour you toss and turn,
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ื•ืฉืขื” ืฉืœืžื” ืืชื ืžืชื”ืคื›ื™ื ืžืฆื“ ืœืฆื“,
06:10
it gets worse and worse,
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ื–ื” ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ืจื•ืข,
06:12
and by four o'clock you're pinned to the pillow
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ื•ื‘ืฉืขื” ืืจื‘ืข ืืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืงื™ื ืœื›ืจื™ืช
06:15
by a monster this big.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืžืคืœืฆืช ืขื ืงื™ืช.
06:17
The only thing to do
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœืขืฉื•ืช
06:19
is to get up, make a cup of tea
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ื”ื•ื ืœืงื•ื, ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ื›ื•ืก ืชื”
06:21
and sit down with the fear like a child beside you.
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ื•ืœืฉื‘ืช ืขื ื”ืคื—ื“ ืœื™ื™ื“ื›ื ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ื™ืœื“.
06:26
You're the adult.
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ืืชื ื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจ.
06:29
The fear is the child.
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ื”ืคื—ื“ ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ืœื“.
06:30
And you talk to the fear
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ื•ืืชื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœ ื”ืคื—ื“
06:32
and you ask it what it wants, what it needs.
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ื•ืืชื ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืžื” ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืฆื”, ืžื” ื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš.
06:35
How can this be made better?
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื‘?
06:40
How can the child feel stronger?
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื™ืœื“ ื™ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื—ื–ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ?
06:41
And you make a plan.
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ื•ืืชื ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืชื›ื ื™ืช.
06:43
And you say, "Okay, now we're going back to sleep.
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ื•ืืชื ืื•ืžืจื™ื, "ืื•ืงื™ื™, ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื• ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ.
06:45
Half-past seven, we're getting up and that's what we're going to do."
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ืฉื‘ืข ื•ื—ืฆื™, ืื ื—ื ื• ืงืžื™ื ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช."
06:49
I had one of these 3 a.m. episodes on Sunday --
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ื—ื•ื•ื™ืชื™ ืื—ืช ืžื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืฉืœ 3 ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื‘ื™ื•ื ืจืืฉื•ืŸ --
06:54
paralyzed with fear at coming to talk to you.
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ืžืฉื•ืชืงืช ืžืคื—ื“ ืžื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืœื‘ื•ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืืœื™ื›ื.
06:58
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
07:00
So I did the thing.
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ืื– ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืืช ื–ื”.
07:02
I got up, made the cup of tea, sat down with it, did it all
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ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจืชื™, ื”ื›ื ืชื™ ื›ื•ืก ืชื”, ื™ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืื™ืชื”, ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื”ื›ืœ
07:06
and I'm here -- still partly paralyzed, but I'm here.
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ื•ื”ื ื” ืื ื™ ื›ืืŸ -- ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื•ืชืงืช ื‘ื—ืœืงื™, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื›ืืŸ.
07:10
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
07:15
So that's fear. What about anger?
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ืื– ื–ื” ืคื—ื“. ืžื” ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื›ืขืก?
07:17
Wherever there is injustice there's anger.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืื™ ืฆื“ืง, ื™ืฉ ื›ืขืก.
07:21
But anger is like gasoline,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืขืก ื”ื•ื ื›ืžื• ื‘ื ื–ื™ืŸ,
07:24
and if you spray it around and somebody lights a match,
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ื•ืื ืืชื” ืžืคื–ืจ ืื•ืชื• ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื•ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžื“ืœื™ืง ื’ืคืจื•ืจ,
07:28
you've got an inferno.
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ื ื•ืฆืจืช ืืฉ ืขื ืงื™ืช.
07:30
But anger as an engine -- in an engine -- is powerful.
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืขืก ื›ืžื ื•ืข -- ื‘ืžื ื•ืข -- ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืœ ื›ื— ืื“ื™ืจ.
07:35
If we can put our anger inside an engine,
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ืื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ืขืก ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืžื ื•ืข,
07:39
it can drive us forward,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืžื ื™ืข ืื•ืชื ื• ืงื“ื™ืžื”,
07:41
it can get us through the dreadful moments
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ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื ื• ื“ืจืš ื”ืจื’ืขื™ื ื”ืงืฉื™ื
07:44
and it can give us real inner power.
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ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœื ื• ื›ื— ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืืžื™ืชื™.
07:48
And I learned this in my work
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ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™
07:51
with nuclear weapon policy-makers.
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ืขื ืงื•ื‘ืขื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื ืฉืง ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™.
07:53
Because at the beginning I was so outraged
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื›ืขืกืชื™
07:56
at the dangers they were exposing us to
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ืขืœ ื”ืกื›ื ื•ืช ืืœื™ื”ืŸ ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉืคื™ื ืื•ืชื ื•
07:59
that I just wanted to argue and blame and make them wrong.
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ืฉืจืง ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื”ืชื•ื•ื›ื— ืื™ืชื, ืœื”ืืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื ื•ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืื•ืชื ืขืœ ื˜ืขื•ืชื.
08:04
Totally ineffective.
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ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืœื ื™ืขื™ืœ.
08:07
In order to develop a dialogue for change
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืคืชื— ื“ื™ืืœื•ื’ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™
08:11
we have to deal with our anger.
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื”ื›ืขืก ืฉืœื ื•.
08:13
It's okay to be angry with the thing --
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ื–ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ ืœื›ืขื•ืก ืขืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ --
08:17
the nuclear weapons in this case --
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ื ืฉืง ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื–ื” --
08:19
but it is hopeless to be angry with the people.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื—ืกืจ ืชื•ืขืœืช ืœื›ืขื•ืก ืขืœ ืื ืฉื™ื.
08:23
They are human beings just like us.
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ื”ื ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื•ื ื•.
08:26
And they're doing what they think is best.
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ื•ื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืžื” ืฉื”ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœื ื›ื•ืŸ.
08:29
And that's the basis on which we have to talk with them.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืฉืžืžื ื• ืื ื• ื‘ืื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ืชื.
08:33
So that's the third one, anger.
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ื–ื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™, ื›ืขืก.
08:35
And it brings me to the crux
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื™ ืœืขื™ืงืจ
08:37
of what's going on, or what I perceive as going on,
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ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื”, ืื• ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืชื•ืคืกืช ื›ืงื•ืจื” ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ื™,
08:40
in the world today,
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ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ื•ื,
08:41
which is that last century was top-down power.
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ืฉื‘ืžืื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžื ื•ื”ืœ ืžืœืžืขืœื”.
08:45
It was still governments telling people what to do.
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ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ืืžืจื• ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
08:49
This century there's a shift.
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ื‘ืžืื” ื”ื–ืืช ื™ืฉ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™.
08:51
It's bottom-up or grassroots power.
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ื”ื›ื— ื‘ื ืžืœืžื˜ื”, ืžื”ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื.
08:55
It's like mushrooms coming through concrete.
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ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ืคื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžืชื•ืš ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ.
08:59
It's people joining up with people, as Bundy just said, miles away
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ื–ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืชืื’ื“ื™ื ื™ื—ื“ื™ื•, ื›ืžื• ืฉื‘ืื ื“ื™ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืืžืจ, ืžืžืจื—ืง ืจื‘
09:05
to bring about change.
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™.
09:08
And Peace Direct spotted quite early on
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ื•ืืจื’ื•ืŸ "ืฉืœื•ื ื™ืฉื™ืจ" ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ ืžื•ืงื“ื
09:12
that local people in areas of very hot conflict
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ืฉื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื™ืฉื ื• ืขื™ืžื•ืช ืคืขื™ืœ
09:15
know what to do.
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ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
09:18
They know best what to do.
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ื”ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
09:20
So Peace Direct gets behind them to do that.
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ืื– "ืฉืœื•ื ื™ืฉื™ืจ" ืขื•ืžื“ ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ื”ื ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ืœืคื•ืขืœ.
09:23
And the kind of thing they're doing
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ื•ืกื•ื’ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื
09:25
is demobilizing militias,
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ื”ื•ื ืคื™ืจื•ืง ืžื™ืœื™ืฆื™ื•ืช,
09:29
rebuilding economies,
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ื‘ื ื™ื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื”,
09:31
resettling refugees,
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ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื,
09:34
even liberating child soldiers.
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื-ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื.
09:39
And they have to risk their lives almost every day
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ื•ื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืกื›ืŸ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื
09:42
to do this.
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช.
09:45
And what they've realized
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ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•
09:49
is that using violence in the situations they operate in
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืžื•ืชื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื”ื ืคื•ืขืœื™ื
09:54
is not only less humane,
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ื”ื•ื ืœื ืจืง ืคื—ื•ืช ื”ื•ืžืื ื™,
09:58
but it's less effective
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ืืœื ื’ื ืคื—ื•ืช ื™ืขื™ืœ
10:01
than using methods that connect people with people, that rebuild.
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ืžืืฉืจ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืฉืžื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื, ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืžื—ื“ืฉ.
10:07
And I think that the U.S. military
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืฆื‘ื ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช
10:11
is finally beginning to get this.
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ืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ืฃ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื–ื”.
10:18
Up to now their counter-terrorism policy
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ืขื“ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืœืœื•ื—ืžื” ื‘ื˜ืจื•ืจ
10:21
has been to kill insurgents at almost any cost,
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ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื”ืจื•ื’ ืžื•ืจื“ื™ื ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื—ื™ืจ,
10:25
and if civilians get in the way,
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ื•ืื ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš,
10:29
that's written as "collateral damage."
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ื–ื” ื ืงืจื "ื ื–ืง ื”ื™ืงืคื™".
10:33
And this is so infuriating and humiliating
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ื•ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžืจื’ื™ื– ื•ืžืฉืคื™ืœ
10:40
for the population of Afghanistan,
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ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ื‘ืืคื’ื ื™ืกื˜ืŸ,
10:42
that it makes the recruitment for al-Qaeda very easy,
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ืฉื–ื” ื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ื”ื’ื™ื•ืก ืœืืœ-ืงืืขื™ื“ื” ืœืžืื•ื“ ืคืฉื•ื˜,
10:46
when people are so disgusted by, for example,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื ื’ืขืœื™ื, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”,
10:50
the burning of the Koran.
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ืžื”ืฉืจื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ืจืืŸ.
10:52
So the training of the troops has to change.
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ืื– ื”ืื™ืžื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช.
10:55
And I think there are signs that it is beginning to change.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื™ืฉื ื ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ืฉื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ.
11:00
The British military have always been much better at this.
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ื”ืฆื‘ื ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื–ื”.
11:03
But there is one magnificent example for them to take their cue from,
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉื ื” ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื” ืฉื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžืžื ื”,
11:09
and that's a brilliant U.S. lieutenant colonel
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ืกื’ืŸ ืืœื•ืฃ ืžื‘ืจื™ืง ืžืฆื‘ื ืืจื”"ื‘
11:12
called Chris Hughes.
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ืฉืฉืžื• ื›ืจื™ืก ื™ื•ื–.
11:13
And he was leading his men down the streets of Najaf --
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ืื ืฉื™ื• ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื ื’'ืืฃ --
11:18
in Iraq actually --
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืขื™ืจืืง --
11:20
and suddenly people were pouring out of the houses on either side of the road,
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ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื—ืœื• ืœืฆืืช ืคืชืื•ื ืžื”ื‘ืชื™ื ืžืฉื ื™ ืฆื™ื“ื™ ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘,
11:25
screaming, yelling, furiously angry,
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ืฆื•ืขืงื™ื, ื–ื•ืขืงื™ื, ืจื•ืชื—ื™ื ืžื–ืขื,
11:29
and surrounded these very young troops who were completely terrified,
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ื•ื”ื ื”ืงื™ืคื• ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื•, ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžืชื™ื ืžืคื—ื“,
11:34
didn't know what was going on, couldn't speak Arabic.
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ืฉืœื ื™ื“ืขื• ืžื” ืงื•ืจื”, ืœื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืจื‘ื™ืช.
11:36
And Chris Hughes strode into the middle of the throng
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื›ืจื™ืก ื™ื•ื– ืคืกืข ืœืžืจื›ื– ื”ื”ืžื•ืŸ
11:41
with his weapon above his head, pointing at the ground,
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ืขื ื”ื ืฉืง ืžืขืœ ืจืืฉื•, ืžืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืงืจืงืข,
11:44
and he said, "Kneel."
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ, "ื›ืจืขื• ื‘ืจืš".
11:46
And these huge soldiers
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ื•ื”ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื”ืขื ืงื™ื ื”ืœืœื•
11:49
with their backpacks and their body armor,
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ืขื ื”ืชื™ืงื™ื ื•ืืคื•ื“ ื”ืงืจื‘ ืฉืœื”ื,
11:52
wobbled to the ground.
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ื”ืชื ื•ื“ื“ื• ืืœ ื”ืื“ืžื”.
11:56
And complete silence fell.
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ื•ืื– ื”ืฉืชืจืจื” ื“ืžืžื”.
12:02
And after about two minutes,
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ื•ืื—ืจื™ ื‘ืขืจืš ืฉืชื™ ื“ืงื•ืช,
12:05
everybody moved aside and went home.
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ื›ื•ืœื ื”ืชืคื–ืจื• ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืœื‘ืชื™ื”ื.
12:09
Now that to me is wisdom in action.
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ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื–ื• ืชื‘ื•ื ื” ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื”.
12:14
In the moment, that's what he did.
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ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืฉืœ ืจื’ืข, ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืฉื”.
12:19
And it's happening everywhere now.
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ื•ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
12:24
You don't believe me?
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ืืชื ืœื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืœื™?
12:26
Have you asked yourselves
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ื”ืื ืฉืืœืชื ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื
12:30
why and how so many dictatorships have collapsed
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ืœืžื” ื•ืื™ืš ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื™ืงื˜ื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ืงืจืกื•
12:34
over the last 30 years?
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช?
12:38
Dictatorships in Czechoslovakia, East Germany,
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ื“ื™ืงื˜ื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฆ'ื›ื•ืกืœื•ื‘ืงื™ื”, ืžื–ืจื— ื’ืจืžื ื™ื”,
12:43
Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania,
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ืืกื˜ื•ื ื™ื”, ืœื˜ื‘ื™ื”, ืœื™ื˜ื,
12:47
Mali, Madagascar,
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ืžืืœื™, ืžื“ื’ืกืงืจ,
12:50
Poland, the Philippines,
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ืคื•ืœื™ืŸ, ื”ืคื™ืœื™ืคื™ื ื™ื,
12:54
Serbia, Slovenia, I could go on,
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ืกืจื‘ื™ื”, ืกืœื•ื‘ื ื™ื”, ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš,
12:59
and now Tunisia and Egypt.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื’ื ืชื•ื ื™ืกื™ื” ื•ืžืฆืจื™ื.
13:03
And this hasn't just happened.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืงืจื” ืกืชื.
13:07
A lot of it is due to a book
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื–ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืกืคืจ
13:11
written by an 80-year-old man in Boston, Gene Sharp.
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ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื“ื ื‘ืŸ 80 ื‘ื‘ื•ืกื˜ื•ืŸ, ื’'ื™ืŸ ืฉืืจืค.
13:15
He wrote a book called "From Dictatorship to Democracy"
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ื”ื•ื ื›ืชื‘ ืกืคืจ ืฉื ืงืจื "ืžื“ื™ืงื˜ื˜ื•ืจื” ืœื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื”"
13:19
with 81 methodologies for non-violent resistance.
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ืฉื‘ื• ื™ืฉ 81 ื“ืจื›ื™ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ืœื ืืœื™ืžื”.
13:24
And it's been translated into 26 languages.
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ื”ืกืคืจ ืชื•ืจื’ื ืœ 26 ืฉืคื•ืช.
13:27
It's flown around the world.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืคืฅ ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
13:29
And it's being used by young people and older people everywhere,
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ื•ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื• ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื•ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื,
13:36
because it works and it's effective.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื•ื”ื•ื ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™.
13:41
So this is what gives me hope --
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื™ ืชืงื•ื•ื” --
13:46
not just hope, this is what makes me feel very positive right now.
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ืœื ืจืง ืชืงื•ื•ื”, ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื’ื•ืจื ืœื™ ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืžืื•ื“ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื›ืจื’ืข.
13:50
Because finally human beings are getting it.
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ืฃ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ืงื•ืœื˜ื™ื ืืช ื–ื”.
13:54
We're getting practical, doable methodologies
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื™ื™ื, ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข
14:01
to answer my question:
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืขื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉืืœื” ืฉืœื™:
14:03
How do we deal with a bully without becoming a thug?
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืขื ื‘ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืื—ื“ ื›ื–ื”?
14:09
We're using the kind of skills that I've outlined:
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ืื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืื•ืชืŸ ืคื™ืจื˜ืชื™:
14:13
inner power -- the development of inner power -- through self-knowledge,
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ื›ื— ืคื ื™ืžื™ -- ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืœ ื›ื— ืคื ื™ืžื™ -- ื“ืจืš ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืขืฆืžื™ืช,
14:17
recognizing and working with our fear,
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ื”ื›ืจื” ื•ืขืžื™ื“ื” ืืœ ืžื•ืœ ื”ืคื—ื“ ืฉืœื ื•,
14:21
using anger as a fuel,
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ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ืขืก ื›ื“ืœืง,
14:24
cooperating with others,
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ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขื ืื—ืจื™ื,
14:27
banding together with others,
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ื”ืชืื’ื“ื•ืช ืขื ืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื,
14:29
courage,
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ืื•ืžืฅ,
14:31
and most importantly, commitment to active non-violence.
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ื•ื”ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘, ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืœื ืืœื™ืžื”.
14:38
Now I don't just believe in non-violence.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืจืง ื‘ืื™-ืืœื™ืžื•ืช.
14:42
I don't have to believe in it.
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ืื ื™ ืื™ื ื ื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื”.
14:45
I see evidence everywhere of how it works.
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ื”ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื.
14:49
And I see that we, ordinary people,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื•, ืื ืฉื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื,
14:55
can do what Aung San Suu Kyi and Ghandi and Mandela did.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ืžื” ืฉืื•ื ื’ ืกืืŸ ืกื• ืฆ'ื™, ื’ืื ื“ื™ ื•ืžื ื“ืœื” ืขืฉื•.
15:01
We can bring to an end
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืกื™ื™ื
15:04
the bloodiest century that humanity has ever known.
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ืืช ื”ืžืื” ื”ืžื“ืžืžืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื™ื“ืขื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช.
15:09
And we can organize to overcome oppression
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืืจื’ืŸ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื“ื™ื›ื•ื™
15:17
by opening our hearts
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืฉื ืคืชื— ืืช ื”ืœื‘
15:19
as well as strengthening this incredible resolve.
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ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืฉื ื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ื ื—ื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื” ื”ื–ื•.
15:25
And this open-heartedness is exactly what I've experienced
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ืคืชื™ื—ื•ืช ืœื‘ ื›ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื” ืฉื—ื•ื•ื™ืชื™
15:30
in the entire organization of this gathering since I got here yesterday.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืฉืื—ืจืื™ ืขืœ ื”ื›ื ืก ื”ื–ื”, ืžืื– ืฉื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืœื›ืืŸ ืืชืžื•ืœ.
15:34
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
15:36
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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