Fighting with non-violence | Scilla Elworthy

267,754 views ใƒป 2012-08-05

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Translator: Timothy Covell Reviewer: Morton Bast
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๋ฒˆ์—ญ: K Bang ๊ฒ€ํ† : Amy Ko
00:15
In half a century of trying to help prevent wars,
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์ „์Ÿ์„ ๋ง‰์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ด์™”๋˜ ์ง€๋‚œ 50์—ฌ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ
00:19
there's one question that never leaves me:
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์ œ ๋จธ๋ฆฟ์†์„ ๋– ๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค;
00:23
How do we deal with extreme violence
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๊ทน๋„์˜ ํญ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ญํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ํž˜์„ ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
00:26
without using force in return?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ?
00:30
When you're faced with brutality,
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๋ฌด์ž๋น„ํ•œ ํญ๋ ฅ์— ๋งˆ์ฃผ์ณค์„ ๋•Œ,
00:33
whether it's a child facing a bully on a playground
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๋†€์ดํ„ฐ๋‚˜ ์ง‘์•ˆ์—์„œ ํญ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฒช๋Š”
00:35
or domestic violence --
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์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“  --
00:37
or, on the streets of Syria today,
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ํ˜น์€, ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์•„์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ
00:40
facing tanks and shrapnel,
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ํƒฑํฌ์™€ ์ดํƒ„์— ๋งž์„œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ฑด,
00:43
what's the most effective thing to do?
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ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๋Œ€์‘ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ?
00:46
Fight back? Give in?
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๋งž์„œ ์‹ธ์šด๋‹ค? ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๊ทธ์ € ํ•ญ๋ณตํ•œ๋‹ค?
00:49
Use more force?
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ํญ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค?
00:52
This question: "How do I deal with a bully
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์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ : "๋‚˜ ์ž์‹ ๋„ ํ‰ํญํ•ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด์„œ
00:56
without becoming a thug in return?"
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ํญ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ?
01:00
has been with me ever since I was a child.
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์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ฆด ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๋–จ์น˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜€์ฃ .
01:03
I remember I was about 13,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋Š” 13์‚ด ๋•Œ์˜ ์ผํ™”์—์š”,
01:05
glued to a grainy black and white television in my parents' living room
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์ €๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์‹ค์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํ‘๋ฐฑ ํ‹ฐ๋น„์— ๋งค๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:10
as Soviet tanks rolled into Budapest,
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์†Œ๋ จ์˜ ํƒฑํฌ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋‹คํŽ˜์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ ์ง„๊ตฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
01:14
and kids not much older than me
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์ €๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ง€๋„ ์•Š์€ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์•„์ด๋“ค์€
01:17
were throwing themselves at the tanks
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ชธ์„ ํ…กํฌ์— ๋‚ด๋˜์ง€๋ฉฐ
01:20
and getting mown down.
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์ง“๋ฐŸํžˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
01:22
And I rushed upstairs and started packing my suitcase.
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์ €๋Š” ์œ„์ธต์˜ ์ œ ๋ฐฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ฌ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ์ง์„ ์‹ธ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
01:26
And my mother came up and said, "What on Earth are you doing?"
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์ œ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ๋ผ์˜ค์…”์„œ ๋ฌผ์œผ์…จ์ฃ  "๋ญ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฑฐ๋‹ˆ?"
01:28
And I said, "I'm going to Budapest."
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ–ˆ์–ด์š” "๋ถ€๋‹คํŽ˜์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ ๊ฐˆ๊ฑฐ์—์š”."
01:31
And she said, "What on Earth for?"
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"๋„๋Œ€์ฒด ๋ฌด์—‡ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—?" ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ป˜์„œ ๋ฌผ์œผ์…จ๊ณ 
01:33
And I said, "Kids are getting killed there.
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์ €๋Š” "๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ์‚ดํ•ด๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
01:35
There's something terrible happening."
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์ •๋ง ๋ฌด์„œ์šด ์ผ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
01:37
And she said, "Don't be so silly."
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ž ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ป˜์„œ๋Š” "๋ฐ”๋ณด๊ฐ™์ด ๊ตด์ง€ ๋ง์•„๋ผ."๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์…จ๊ณ 
01:39
And I started to cry.
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์ €๋Š” ์šธ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
01:42
And she got it, she said,
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์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์•„์…จ๋˜๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
01:44
"Okay, I see it's serious.
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"์ข‹๋‹ค, ์•„์ฃผ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•Œ๊ฒ ์–ด.
01:46
You're much too young to help.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋„ˆ๋Š” ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์—” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์–ด๋ฆฌ๊ตฌ๋‚˜.
01:49
You need training. I'll help you.
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๋„ˆ์—๊ฒ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ตฌ๋‚˜. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋„์™€์ฃผ๋งˆ.
01:51
But just unpack your suitcase."
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ด์ œ ์ง์„ ํ’€์–ด๋ผ."
01:53
And so I got some training
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ค€๋น„ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฑฐ์นœ ํ›„,
01:57
and went and worked in Africa during most of my 20s.
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋กœ ๊ฐ€์„œ ์ œ 20๋Œ€์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ผ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
02:01
But I realized that what I really needed to know
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๊ฒƒ์€, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
02:05
I couldn't get from training courses.
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์ค€๋น„ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:07
I wanted to understand
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์ €๋Š” ํญ๋ ฅ์ด ํ˜น์€ ์–ต์••์ด
02:09
how violence, how oppression, works.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:14
And what I've discovered since is this:
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๊ทธ ์ดํ›„์— ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ๊ฑฐ์—์š”:
02:19
Bullies use violence in three ways.
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๊นกํŒจ๋“ค์€ ํญ๋ ฅ์„ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค.
02:23
They use political violence to intimidate,
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์ •์น˜์  ํญ๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ 
02:28
physical violence to terrorize
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๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํญ๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์œ„ํ˜‘ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
02:33
and mental or emotional violence to undermine.
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์ •์‹ ์ , ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ์ •์  ํญ๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตด๋ณตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:41
And only very rarely in very few cases
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋“œ๋ฌธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ํ•œํ•˜์—ฌ
02:44
does it work to use more violence.
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์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ํญ๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:48
Nelson Mandela went to jail believing in violence,
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๋„ฌ์Šจ ๋งŒ๋ธ๋ผ๋Š” ํญ๋ ฅ์ ์ธ ํž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ํˆฌ์˜ฅ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ 
02:54
and 27 years later
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27๋…„ ํ›„์—
02:56
he and his colleagues
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๊ทธ์™€ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค์€
02:58
had slowly and carefully
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์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์กฐ์‹ฌ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ
03:00
honed the skills, the incredible skills, that they needed
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๊ฐˆ๊ณ  ๋‹ฆ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€
03:05
to turn one of the most vicious governments the world has known
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์ด์ œ๊ป ์„ธ์ƒ์ด ๋ณด์•„์˜จ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์•…๋ž„ํ•œ ์ •๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ ์œผ๋กœ
03:09
into a democracy.
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๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
And they did it in a total devotion to non-violence.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋น„ํญ๋ ฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๋ฏผ์ฃผํ™”๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:16
They realized that using force against force
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ญํ•˜์—ฌ ํž˜์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
03:23
doesn't work.
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์ž‘๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•˜๋˜๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
03:28
So what does work?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ค๊ฒŒ ์ž‘๋™ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
03:30
Over time I've collected about a half-dozen methods
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์˜ค๋žœ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ €๋Š” ์˜ˆ๋‹๊ณฑ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜
03:34
that do work -- of course there are many more --
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์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. -- ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ  --
03:36
that do work and that are effective.
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์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค์€ ์ž‘๋™ํ•  ๋ฟ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:38
And the first is
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๊ทธ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š”
03:39
that the change that has to take place
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์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š”
03:42
has to take place here, inside me.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ, ์ œ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
It's my response, my attitude, to oppression
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์–ต์••์— ๋Œ€ํ•ญํ•ด์„œ, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
03:50
that I've got control over,
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์ œ ์ž์‹ ์ด ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
03:53
and that I can do something about.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ €์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด๊ณ , ์ €์˜ ๋งˆ์Œ๊ฐ€์ง์ด๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
03:56
And what I need to develop is self-knowledge to do that.
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์ œ๊ฒŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ œ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ง€์‹์ด์—์š”.
04:00
That means I need to know how I tick,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์›€์ง์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€
04:02
when I collapse,
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์–ธ์ œ ๋ฌด๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š”์ง€,
04:04
where my formidable points are,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฌ๋”œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋””์ธ์ง€,
04:09
where my weaker points are.
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์ €์˜ ์•ฝ์ ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด์—์š”.
04:11
When do I give in?
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์–ธ์ œ ๊ตด๋ณตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ?
04:13
What will I stand up for?
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ €ํ•ญํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€?
04:18
And meditation or self-inspection
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๋ช…์ƒ์ด๋‚˜ ์ž์‹ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ฑ์ฐฐ์€
04:23
is one of the ways -- again it's not the only one --
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์ค‘์— ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. -- ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”. --
04:26
it's one of the ways
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์•ž์„œ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฐ ๋‚ด์ ์ธ ํž˜์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
04:27
of gaining this kind of inner power.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์ค‘์— ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:31
And my heroine here -- like Satish's --
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์ œ๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์–ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฉด์˜ ์˜์›…์€ -- ์‚ฌํ‹ฐ์‰ฌ ๊ฐ™์€ --
04:33
is Aung San Suu Kyi in Burma.
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๋ฒ„๋งˆ์˜ ์•„์›…์‚ฐ ์ˆ˜์น˜ ์—ฌ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:36
She was leading a group of students
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์–ธ์  ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์น˜ ์—ฌ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ž‘๊ตฐ์‹œ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ
04:40
on a protest in the streets of Rangoon.
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ํ•ญ์˜์‹œ์œ„๋ฅผ ์ด๋Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
04:42
They came around a corner faced with a row of machine guns.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจํ‰์ด๋ฅผ ๋Œ์•„ ์ผ์—ด๋กœ ๋Š˜์–ด์„  ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด ๋Œ€์—ด๊ณผ ๋งž๋‹ฅ๋œจ๋ ธ์ฃ .
04:47
And she realized straight away
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ ธ์–ด์š”.
04:48
that the soldiers with their fingers shaking on the triggers
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๋ฐฉ์•„์‡ ์— ๊ฑด ์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ์ด ํ”๋“ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตฐ์ธ๋“ค์ด
04:52
were more scared than the student protesters behind her.
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์ž์‹ ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๊ฒ์— ์งˆ๋ ค ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„์š”.
04:57
But she told the students to sit down.
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์—ฌ์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์„ ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ์•‰์œผ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:00
And she walked forward with such calm and such clarity
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ๋†€๋ผ์šธ ์ •๋„๋กœ ์นจ์ฐฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑธ์–ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ”์–ด์š”.
05:07
and such total lack of fear
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์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ๋‘๋ ค์›€๋„ ์—†์ด
05:11
that she could walk right up to the first gun,
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์—ฌ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋งจ ์•ž์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฑธ์–ด๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:15
put her hand on it and lower it.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ์ด์— ์†์„ ์˜ฌ๋ ค ์ด๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์•„๋ž˜๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:23
And no one got killed.
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์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๋‹ค์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”.
05:27
So that's what the mastery of fear can do --
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:31
not only faced with machine guns,
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-- ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด์— ๋งž์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
05:33
but if you meet a knife fight in the street.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋งŒ์ผ ๊ธธ์—์„œ ์นผ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ๋งž์„ ๋‹ค๋ฉด...
05:37
But we have to practice.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฐ์Šตํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:40
So what about our fear?
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๋‘๋ ค์›€์€ ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ƒ๊ตฌ์š”?
05:42
I have a little mantra.
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์ œ๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ๊ธฐ๋„๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
05:46
My fear grows fat
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๊ณตํฌ๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”
05:50
on the energy I feed it.
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๋‘๋ ค์›€์„ ๋จน๊ณ  ์ž๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:52
And if it grows very big
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ปค์ง€๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ฃ 
05:54
it probably happens.
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์•„๋งˆ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ• ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:57
So we all know the three o'clock in the morning syndrome,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋ฒฝ 3์‹œ์˜ ๊ณตํฌ ์ฆ์„ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
06:01
when something you've been worrying about wakes you up --
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๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฑ์ •๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ž ์—์„œ ๊นจ์–ด
06:04
I see a lot of people --
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-- ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋ดค์–ด์š” --
06:06
and for an hour you toss and turn,
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ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ •๋„ ๋’ค์ฒ™์ด๋Š”๊ฑฐ์š”.
06:10
it gets worse and worse,
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์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ์ ์  ๋” ๋‚˜๋น ์ ธ์„œ
06:12
and by four o'clock you're pinned to the pillow
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4์‹œ์ฏค๋˜๋ฉด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํฐ ๊ดด๋ฌผ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์–ด์„œ
06:15
by a monster this big.
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๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฒ ๊ฐœ์— ์ฒ˜๋ฐ•๊ณ  ๋ง์ฃ .
06:17
The only thing to do
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์ด๋Ÿด ๋•Œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ด๋ž€
06:19
is to get up, make a cup of tea
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์ž๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋“์ด๊ณ 
06:21
and sit down with the fear like a child beside you.
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์˜†์— ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ทธ ๋‘๋ ค์›€๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:26
You're the adult.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋ฅธ์ด์—์š”.
06:29
The fear is the child.
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๊ทธ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์ด ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์•„์ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:30
And you talk to the fear
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์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋“ฏ ๋ง์„ ๊ฑธ์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
06:32
and you ask it what it wants, what it needs.
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๋ญ˜ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š”์ง€, ๋ญ˜ ์›ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
06:35
How can this be made better?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์ข‹์•„์งˆ๊นŒ?
06:40
How can the child feel stronger?
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์•„์ด๋“ค๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋” ๊ฐ•ํ•ด์งˆ๊นŒ?
06:41
And you make a plan.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์„ธ์šฐ์„ธ์š”.
06:43
And you say, "Okay, now we're going back to sleep.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ง์„ ํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”. "์ข‹์•„ ์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ž๋Ÿฌ๊ฐˆ๊ฑฐ์•ผ.
06:45
Half-past seven, we're getting up and that's what we're going to do."
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7์‹œ ๋ฐ˜์ด๋ฉด, ์ผ์–ด๋‚ ๊ฑฐ์•ผ,๊ทธ๋ž˜์•ผ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋“ ."
06:49
I had one of these 3 a.m. episodes on Sunday --
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์ง€๋‚œ ์ผ์š”์ผ์— ์ €๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒˆ๋ฒฝ 3์‹œ์˜ ์•…๋ชฝ์„ ๊ฒช์—ˆ์–ด์š” --
06:54
paralyzed with fear at coming to talk to you.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์™€์„œ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‘๋ ค์›€์œผ๋กœ ๊ผผ์ง ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:58
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
07:00
So I did the thing.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ๊ฑด์š”.
07:02
I got up, made the cup of tea, sat down with it, did it all
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์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์„œ, ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋“์—ฌ๋“ค๊ณ  ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ์•‰์•„์„œ ์•„๊นŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ํ•œ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
07:06
and I'm here -- still partly paralyzed, but I'm here.
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๋„ค, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์™”์–ด์š”.. -- ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋ฐ˜์ฏค ๊ฒ์— ์งˆ๋ ธ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:10
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
07:15
So that's fear. What about anger?
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‘๋ ค์›€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋…ธ์—ฌ์›€์€ ์–ด๋–ก ํ•˜๋ƒ๊ตฌ์š”?
07:17
Wherever there is injustice there's anger.
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๋ถ€๋‹นํ•จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์— ๋…ธ์—ฌ์›€์ด ์ƒ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:21
But anger is like gasoline,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋…ธ์—ฌ์›€์€ ๊ผญ ํœ˜๋ฐœ์œ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
07:24
and if you spray it around and somebody lights a match,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์ €๊ธฐ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๋Œ€๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆ์„ ๋ถ™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:28
you've got an inferno.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ถˆํƒ€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์š”.
07:30
But anger as an engine -- in an engine -- is powerful.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์—”์ง„์œผ๋กœ์˜ ๋…ธ์—ฌ์›€์€ -- ์—”์ง„์—์„œ -- ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํž˜์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋˜์ฃ .
07:35
If we can put our anger inside an engine,
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๊ทธ ๋…ธ์—ฌ์›€์„ ์—”์ง„์— ๋„ฃ์œผ๋ฉด
07:39
it can drive us forward,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:41
it can get us through the dreadful moments
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ง€๋…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์„œ์šด ์ˆœ๊ฐ„๋„ ์ง€๋‚˜๊ณ 
07:44
and it can give us real inner power.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋‚ด์  ํž˜์„ ์„ ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:48
And I learned this in my work
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•ต ์ •์ฑ… ์ž…์•ˆ์ž๋“ค๊ณผ
07:51
with nuclear weapon policy-makers.
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์ผํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋์–ด์š”.
07:53
Because at the beginning I was so outraged
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์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” ํ•ต์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์—
07:56
at the dangers they were exposing us to
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋„ ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์„œ
07:59
that I just wanted to argue and blame and make them wrong.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ์ € ๋…ผ์Ÿ์„ ๋ฒŒ์ด๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋น„๋‚œํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ‹€๋ ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ง€์ ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ ๋งŒ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
08:04
Totally ineffective.
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์ „ํ˜€ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”.
08:07
In order to develop a dialogue for change
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๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œํ‚ค๋ ค๋ฉด
08:11
we have to deal with our anger.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋…ธ์—ฌ์›€๊ณผ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
08:13
It's okay to be angry with the thing --
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์–ด๋–ค ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฑด ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„์š” --
08:17
the nuclear weapons in this case --
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—” ํ•ต ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ฒ ์ฃ  --
08:19
but it is hopeless to be angry with the people.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ํฌ๋ง์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:23
They are human beings just like us.
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๊ทธ๋“ค๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
08:26
And they're doing what they think is best.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ์ด ์ตœ์„ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:29
And that's the basis on which we have to talk with them.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:33
So that's the third one, anger.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์„ธ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์˜€์ฃ , ๋…ธ์—ฌ์›€.
08:35
And it brings me to the crux
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์ด๊ฑด ์ œ๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ์˜๋ฌธ์ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:37
of what's going on, or what I perceive as going on,
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๋ญ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ฐ€๋Š”์ง€, ํ˜น์€ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„
08:40
in the world today,
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์•Œ๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๋Š”๊ฑด์ง€ ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๊ป˜๋ผ์˜€์ฃ .
08:41
which is that last century was top-down power.
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์ง€๋‚œ ์„ธ๊ธฐ๋Š” ํƒ‘-๋‹ค์šด(์œ„๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์˜)์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
08:45
It was still governments telling people what to do.
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์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ์ง€ ์ง€์ •ํ•ด ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:49
This century there's a shift.
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๊ธˆ์„ธ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
08:51
It's bottom-up or grassroots power.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ฐ”ํ…€-์—…(์•„๋ž˜๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์˜), ์ฆ‰, ํ’€๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํž˜์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
08:55
It's like mushrooms coming through concrete.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋งˆ์น˜ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋šซ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๋ฒ„์„ฏ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์•˜์–ด์š”.
08:59
It's people joining up with people, as Bundy just said, miles away
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•ด ์ฃผ์—ˆ์–ด์š”. ๋ฒˆ๋””๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋ง ํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด,
09:05
to bring about change.
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๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋„๋ž˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๊นŒ์ง€ ์–ผ๋งˆ ๋‚จ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ฃ .
09:08
And Peace Direct spotted quite early on
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ํ”ผ์Šค ๋‹ค์ด๋ ‰ํŠธ๋Š” ์ผ์ฐŒ๊ธฐ
09:12
that local people in areas of very hot conflict
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๊นŠ์€ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์„ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์€
09:15
know what to do.
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์Šค์Šค๋กœ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ฐํ˜€๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:18
They know best what to do.
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๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
09:20
So Peace Direct gets behind them to do that.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ”ผ์Šค ๋‹ค์ด๋ ‰ํŠธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์„ ์ง€์›ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
09:23
And the kind of thing they're doing
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์€
09:25
is demobilizing militias,
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๊ตฐ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ํ•ด์‚ฐํ•˜๊ณ 
09:29
rebuilding economies,
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๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฅผ ์žฌ๊ฑดํ•˜๊ณ 
09:31
resettling refugees,
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ํ”ผ๋‚œ๋ฏผ์„ ์ด์ฃผ, ์ •์ฐฉ์‹œํ‚ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
09:34
even liberating child soldiers.
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์†Œ๋…„๋ณ‘์„ ํ•ด๋ฐฉ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ๋“ค ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
09:39
And they have to risk their lives almost every day
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์„ ํ•ด๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋งค์ผ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…์„
09:42
to do this.
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๋‹ด๋ณด๋กœ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:45
And what they've realized
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€
09:49
is that using violence in the situations they operate in
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ํ‘น๋ ฅ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด
09:54
is not only less humane,
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์žฌ๊ฑด์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์ด์–ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ณด๋‹ค๋„
09:58
but it's less effective
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๋œ ์ธ๋„์ ์ผ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
10:01
than using methods that connect people with people, that rebuild.
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋œ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:07
And I think that the U.S. military
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ตฐ๋Œ€๋„
10:11
is finally beginning to get this.
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ด ์ ์„ ์•Œ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๋“ฏํ•ด์š”.
10:18
Up to now their counter-terrorism policy
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์ด์ œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋Œ€(ๅฐ)ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ ์ •์ฑ…์€
10:21
has been to kill insurgents at almost any cost,
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์–ด๋–ค ๋Œ“๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์น˜๋ฅด๋”๋ผ๋„ ํญ๋„๋Š” ์‚ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
10:25
and if civilians get in the way,
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๋ฏผ๊ฐ„์ธ์ด ๋ฐฉํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด
10:29
that's written as "collateral damage."
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ "๋ณ‘์กด ์œ„ํ—˜"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
10:33
And this is so infuriating and humiliating
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์ด๊ฑด ์•„ํ”„๊ฐ€๋‹ˆ์Šคํƒ„ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š”
10:40
for the population of Afghanistan,
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์ •๋ง ๋ง๋„ ์•ˆ๋˜๊ณ  ์ธ๊ฒฉ ๋ชจ๋…์ ์ธ ํ–‰์œ„์˜€์–ด์š”.
10:42
that it makes the recruitment for al-Qaeda very easy,
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์•Œ์นด์—๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋ณ‘์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์œผ๋Š”๊ฒŒ ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ˆ˜์›”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
10:46
when people are so disgusted by, for example,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ฝ”๋ž€์„ ํƒœ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ
10:50
the burning of the Koran.
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๋งค์šฐ ํ˜์˜คํ–ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
10:52
So the training of the troops has to change.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฏธ๊ตฐ์€ ๊ตฐ๋Œ€์˜ ๊ต์œก ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟจ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:55
And I think there are signs that it is beginning to change.
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ ์ง•ํ›„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:00
The British military have always been much better at this.
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์˜๊ตญ ๊ตฐ๋Œ€๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ ์—์„œ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ํŽธ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
11:03
But there is one magnificent example for them to take their cue from,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ ํ˜ธํƒ„์ด ๋œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
11:09
and that's a brilliant U.S. lieutenant colonel
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค ํœด์ฆˆ๋ผ๋Š”
11:12
called Chris Hughes.
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ํ˜„๋ช…ํ•œ ๋ฏธ๊ตฐ ์ค‘๋ น์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
11:13
And he was leading his men down the streets of Najaf --
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๊ทธ ๋ถ„์ด ๋‚˜์žํ”„ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ตฐ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์ง€ํœ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ -
11:18
in Iraq actually --
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์ด๋ผํฌ์ฃ  --
11:20
and suddenly people were pouring out of the houses on either side of the road,
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๊ธธ ์–‘ ์ชฝ์˜ ์ง‘์—์„œ ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์Ÿ์•„์ ธ ๋‚˜์™€
11:25
screaming, yelling, furiously angry,
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์†Œ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋ฅด๊ณ  ๊ณ ํ•จ์น˜๋ฉฐ ๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ
11:29
and surrounded these very young troops who were completely terrified,
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๊ตฐ์ธ๋“ค์„ ์• ์›Œ ์ŒŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒ์— ์งˆ๋ฆฐ ์ Š์€ ๊ตฐ์ธ๋“ค์ด
11:34
didn't know what was going on, couldn't speak Arabic.
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๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ชฐ๋ž์–ด์š”. ์•„๋ž์–ด๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ค„ ๋ชฐ๋ž์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
11:36
And Chris Hughes strode into the middle of the throng
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค ํœด์ฆˆ ์ค‘๋ น์€ ๊ตฐ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ๋ฅผ ํ—ค์น˜๊ณ  ๊ฑธ์–ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:41
with his weapon above his head, pointing at the ground,
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ ์œ„๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋•…๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์„ ํ–ฅํ•œ ์ฒด์˜€์ฃ .
11:44
and he said, "Kneel."
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . "๋ฌด๋ฆŽ์„ ๊ฟ‡์–ด๋ผ."
11:46
And these huge soldiers
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๊ทธ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ตฐ์ธ๋“ค์€
11:49
with their backpacks and their body armor,
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๊ตฐ์žฅ๊ณผ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ชธ์— ๊ฐ€๋“ํ•œ ์ฑ„๋กœ
11:52
wobbled to the ground.
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๋•… ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์— ์ฃผ์ € ์•‰์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:56
And complete silence fell.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ์™„์ „ํ•œ ์ •์ ์ด ํ˜๋ €์ฃ .
12:02
And after about two minutes,
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2๋ถ„์ฏค ์ง€๋‚˜์ž
12:05
everybody moved aside and went home.
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๊ตฐ์ค‘์€ ๋ฌผ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฒ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:09
Now that to me is wisdom in action.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ธฐ์—” ์ง€ํ˜œ๋กœ์šด ํ–‰๋™์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
12:14
In the moment, that's what he did.
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๊ทธ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„, ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๋‚ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
12:19
And it's happening everywhere now.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์€ ์–ด๋””์—๋‚˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:24
You don't believe me?
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์ €๋ฅผ ๋ฏฟ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜์‹œ๋Š”๊ตฐ์š”?
12:26
Have you asked yourselves
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ์ง€๋‚œ 30๋…„๊ฐ„
12:30
why and how so many dictatorships have collapsed
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์™œ.. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์€ ๋…์žฌ์ž๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด๋„ˆ์ ธ ๊ฐ”๋Š”์ง€
12:34
over the last 30 years?
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์˜๋ฌธ์„ ํ’ˆ์–ด๋ณด์‹  ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
12:38
Dictatorships in Czechoslovakia, East Germany,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์˜ ๋…์žฌ์ž๋“ค์ด์ฃ . ์ฒด์ฝ”, ๋™๋…,
12:43
Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania,
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์—์Šคํ† ๋‹ˆ์•„, ๋ผํŠธ๋น„์•„, ๋ฆฌํˆฌ์•„๋‹ˆ์•„,
12:47
Mali, Madagascar,
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๋ง๋ฆฌ, ๋งˆ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค์นด,
12:50
Poland, the Philippines,
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ํด๋ž€๋“œ, ํ•„๋ฆฌํ•€,
12:54
Serbia, Slovenia, I could go on,
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์„ธ๋ฅด๋น„์•„, ์Šฌ๋กœ๋ฒ ๋‹ˆ์•„, ๊ณ„์† ๋‚˜์—ดํ•ด ๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”.
12:59
and now Tunisia and Egypt.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทผ๋ž˜์—๋Š” ํŠ€๋‹ˆ์ง€์•„์™€ ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ๋„์š”.
13:03
And this hasn't just happened.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:07
A lot of it is due to a book
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ๋‹น์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋ณด์Šคํ†ค์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” 80์„ธ์˜ ๋…ธ์ธ,
13:11
written by an 80-year-old man in Boston, Gene Sharp.
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์ง„ ์ƒคํ”„๊ฐ€ ์ง‘ํ•„ํ•œ ์ฑ… ๋•๋ถ„์ด์—์š”.
13:15
He wrote a book called "From Dictatorship to Democracy"
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๊ทธ๋Š” "๋…์žฌ์—์„œ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๊นŒ์ง€"๋ผ๋Š” ์ฑ…์„ ์ผ์–ด์š”.
13:19
with 81 methodologies for non-violent resistance.
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๊ทธ์•ˆ์—๋Š” 81๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ๋น„ํญ๋ ฅ์  ๋Œ€ํ•ญ๋ฒ•์ด ์†Œ๊ฐœ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
13:24
And it's been translated into 26 languages.
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26๊ฐœ๊ตญ์–ด๋กœ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋˜์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
13:27
It's flown around the world.
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ๋„๋ฆฌ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์ฑ…์ด์—์š”.
13:29
And it's being used by young people and older people everywhere,
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์„ธ์ƒ ์–ด๋””๋“ , ์ Š์—ˆ๊ฑด ๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ฑด ์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
13:36
because it works and it's effective.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๊ณ  ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
13:41
So this is what gives me hope --
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ์ด ์ฑ…์ด ์ œ๊ฒŒ ํฌ๋ง์„ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. --
13:46
not just hope, this is what makes me feel very positive right now.
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๊ทธ์ € ํฌ๋ง์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์ € ์ž์‹ ์„ ์•„์ฃผ ๊ธ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์ฃผ์ฃ .
13:50
Because finally human beings are getting it.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด, ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์—๋Š” ์ธ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์ ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š”๊ฑฐ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
13:54
We're getting practical, doable methodologies
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ €์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ
14:01
to answer my question:
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์‚ฌ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์‹ค์ œ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ์–ป์€๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
14:03
How do we deal with a bully without becoming a thug?
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ‰ํญํ•ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํญ๋ ฅํ–‰์œ„์ž์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€?
14:09
We're using the kind of skills that I've outlined:
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ๊ณจ๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฐ, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์”๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
14:13
inner power -- the development of inner power -- through self-knowledge,
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์ž์‹ ์„ ์•Ž์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚ด์  ํž˜์ด์š” -- ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ํž˜ --
14:17
recognizing and working with our fear,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๋‘๋ ค์›€์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ
14:21
using anger as a fuel,
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๋ถ„๋…ธ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ ํž˜์˜ ๋™๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ผ๋Š”๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:24
cooperating with others,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋Œ€ํ•ญํ•˜๊ณ 
14:27
banding together with others,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์–ด๊ป˜๋ฅผ ๋งž๋Œ„์ฑ„
14:29
courage,
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์šฉ๊ธฐ์™€,
14:31
and most importantly, commitment to active non-violence.
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๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ๊ฑด, ๋น„ํญ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜์ง€๋กœ ๋งž์„œ๋Š”๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:38
Now I don't just believe in non-violence.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ์ € ๋น„ํญ๋ ฅ์„ ๋งน์‹ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:42
I don't have to believe in it.
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๋น„ํญ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งน์‹ ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์–ด์š”.
14:45
I see evidence everywhere of how it works.
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๋น„ํญ๋ ฅ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์–ด๋””์—์„œ๋“  ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
14:49
And I see that we, ordinary people,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ณดํ†ต ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋„
14:55
can do what Aung San Suu Kyi and Ghandi and Mandela did.
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์•„์›…์‚ฐ ์ˆ˜์น˜ ์—ฌ์‚ฌ๋‚˜, ๊ฐ„๋””, ๋งŒ๋ธ๋ผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ํ•ด๋‚ธ ์ผ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:01
We can bring to an end
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ธ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•ด ์˜จ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํญ๋ ฅ์ ์ด์—ˆ๋˜,
15:04
the bloodiest century that humanity has ever known.
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์ด ํญ๋ ฅ์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:09
And we can organize to overcome oppression
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ด๋ฆฐ ๋งˆ์Œ์œผ๋กœ
15:17
by opening our hearts
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์–ต์••์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ญ‰์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
15:19
as well as strengthening this incredible resolve.
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ด ๋†€๋ผ์šด ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋” ์ฆ์ง„์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
15:25
And this open-heartedness is exactly what I've experienced
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์—ด๋ฆฐ ๋งˆ์Œ์ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด์ œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋„์ฐฉํ•ด์„œ, ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ์ธ
15:30
in the entire organization of this gathering since I got here yesterday.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์ ์ธ ๋ชจ์ž„์—์„œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋ฐ”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:34
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:36
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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