Lucien Engelen: Crowdsource your health

24,539 views ใƒป 2012-02-15

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Ido Dekkers ืžื‘ืงืจ: Sigal Tifferet
00:15
I would like to talk to you about why many ehealth projects fail.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืืชื›ื
ืขืœ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ื’ืœืœื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืžืงื•ื•ื ืช ื ื›ืฉืœื™ื.
00:20
And I really think that the most important thing of it
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ื•ืื ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื–ื”
00:22
is that we stopped listening to patients.
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ืคืกืงื ื• ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ ืœื—ื•ืœื™ื.
00:25
And one thing we did at Radboud University
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ื•ืื—ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื• ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืจื“ื‘ืื•ื“
00:27
is we appointed a Chief Listening Officer.
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ื”ื•ื ืœืžื ื•ืช ืžื ื”ืœืช ื”ืงืฉื‘ื” ืจืืฉื™.
00:29
Not in a very scientific way --
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ืœื ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืžืฉ ืžื“ืขื™ืช --
00:31
she puts up a little cup of coffee or a cup of tea
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ื”ื™ื ืžื’ื™ืฉื” ื›ื•ืก ืงืคื” ืื• ืชื”
00:34
and asks patients, family, relatives,
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ื•ืฉื•ืืœืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื, ืžืฉืคื—ื”, ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื,
"ืžื” ืงื•ืจื”?
00:37
"What's up?
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00:38
How could we help you?"
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ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื›ื?"
00:40
And we think, we like to think,
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื, ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘,
00:42
that this is one of the major problems
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ืฉื–ื• ืื—ืช ืžื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื•ืช
00:44
why all -- maybe not all --
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ืœืžื” ื›ืœ -- ืื•ืœื™ ืœื ื›ืœ --
00:46
but most of the ehealth projects fail,
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ืื‘ืœ ืจื•ื‘ ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ื•ื ื™ื ื ื›ืฉืœื™ื,
00:48
since we stopped listening.
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ืžืื– ืฉื”ืคืกืงื ื• ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘.
00:50
This is my weight scale.
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ื–ื” ืžืฉืงืœ ื” WiFi ืฉืœื™. ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืื•ื“ ืคืฉื•ื˜.
00:52
It's a very simple thing. It's got one knob, on/off.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื›ืคืชื•ืจ ืื—ื“, ื”ื“ืœืง/ื›ื‘ื”.
ื•ื›ืœ ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืื ื™ ืขื•ืœื” ืขืœื™ื•.
00:55
And every morning I hop on it.
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ื•ื›ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืืชื’ืจ,
00:58
And yes, I've got a challenge,
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ื›ืžื• ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื.
01:00
as you might see.
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01:01
And I put my challenge on 95 kg.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืฉื ืืช ื”ืืชื’ืจ ืฉืœื™ ืขืœ 95 ืง"ื’.
01:04
But the thing is that it's made this simple
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉื–ื” ื ืขืฉื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื›ืœ ื›ืš
01:07
that whenever I hop on,
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ืฉื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ืœื” ืขืœื™ื•,
01:09
it sends my data to Google Health as well.
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืœื— ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืœื™ ื’ื ื“ืจืš Google Health.
01:12
And it's collected by my general practitioner as well,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื ืืกืฃ ื’ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืจื•ืคื ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ืฉืœื™,
01:15
so he can see what's my problem in weight,
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืจืื•ืช ืžื” ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืžืฉืงืœ,
01:19
not on the very moment that I need cardiologic support
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ืœื ื‘ืจื’ืข
ืฉืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืชืžื™ื›ื” ืงืจื“ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืื• ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ื–ื”,
01:22
or something like it,
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01:24
but also looking backward.
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ืืœื ื’ื ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ืœืื—ื•ืจ.
01:26
But there's another thing.
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ื“ื‘ืจ.
01:28
As some of you might know,
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ื›ืžื• ืฉื—ืœืงื›ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž4,000 ืขื•ืงื‘ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ.
01:29
I've got more than 4000 followers on Twitter.
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ืื– ื›ืœ ื‘ื•ืงืจ
01:32
So every morning, I hop on my weight scale
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ืื ื™ ืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ ืžืฉืงืœ ื” WiFi ืฉืœื™
01:35
and before I'm in my car,
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ื•ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืื ื™ ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช, ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืืœื™,
01:37
people start talking to me,
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"ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืืจื•ื—ืช ืฆื”ืจื™ื™ื ืงืœื” ื”ื™ื•ื, ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืŸ."
01:38
"I think you need a light lunch today, Lucien."
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
01:40
(Laughter)
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01:41
But that's the nicest thing that could happen,
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ื™ ื ื—ืžื“ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงืจื•ืช,
01:43
since this is peer pressure.
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื–ื” ืœื—ืฅ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™,
01:45
Peer pressure used to help patients --
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ืœื—ืฅ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื—ื•ืœื™ื --
ืžืื—ืจ ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ืœืขื•ื“ืฃ ืžืฉืงืœ,
01:49
since this could be used for obesity,
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื•
01:51
it could be used to stop patients from smoking.
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ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืขื™ืฉื•ืŸ ืืฆืœ ื—ื•ืœื™ื.
01:54
But on the other hand,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™, ืืคืฉืจ ื’ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื•
01:56
it also could be used to get people out of their chairs
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื”ื›ืกืื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื
01:59
and try to work together in some kind of gaming activity
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ื•ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœืฉืชืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืžืฉื—ืงื™ืช
ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
02:03
to get more control of their health.
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02:05
As of next week, it will soon be available,
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ื”ื—ืœ ืžื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ื‘ื, ื–ื” ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื–ืžื™ืŸ.
02:08
there will be this little blood-pressure meter
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ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื™ืŸ ืžื“ ืœื—ืฅ ื“ื ืงื˜ืŸ
02:10
connected to an iPhone or something or other.
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ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ ืœืื™ื™ืคื•ืŸ ืื• ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ื–ื”.
02:13
And people will be able, from their homes,
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ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื•, ืžื‘ืชื™ื”ื,
ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ืืช ืœื—ืฅ ื”ื“ื,
02:16
to take their blood pressure,
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ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืื•ืชื• ืœืจื•ืคื ืฉืœื”ื
02:18
send it to their doctor
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02:19
and eventually share it with others, for instance,
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื’ื ืœืฉืชืฃ ืื•ืชื• ืขื ืื—ืจื™ื, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”,
02:22
for over a 100 dollars.
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืขื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžืื” ื“ื•ืœืจ.
02:24
And this is the point where patients get into position
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ื•ื–ื• ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื‘ื” ืคืฆื™ื™ื ื˜ื™ื ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืขืžื“ื”
02:27
and can collect, not only their own control again,
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ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ, ืœื ืจืง ืืช ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื ืฉื•ื‘,
02:30
be captain of their own ship,
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืงืคื˜ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืกืคื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื,
02:32
but also can help us in health care
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ืืœื ื’ื ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช
02:34
due to the challenges that we face,
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ืžื•ืœ ื”ืืชื’ืจื™ื ืฉื ื™ืฆื‘ื™ื ืžื•ืœื ื•,
02:36
like health-care cost explosion,
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ื›ืžื• ื”ืชืคื•ืฆืฆื•ืช ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช,
02:39
doubled demand and things like that,
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ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื”ื›ืคื•ืœ ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืืœื”.
02:41
make techniques that are easy to use
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ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช ืฉืงืœื•ืช ืœืฉืžื•ืฉ
02:43
and start with this to embrace patients in the team.
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ื•ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืคืฆื™ื™ื ื˜ื™ื ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆื”.
ื•ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ืขื ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื–ื•,
02:47
And you can do this with techniques like this,
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ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื•ืŸ.
02:49
but also by crowdsourcing.
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ื•ืื—ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื•
02:51
And one of the things we did,
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02:52
that I would like to share with you introduced by a little video.
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ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืื™ืชื›ื ืžื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื”ื–ื”.
(ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”)
02:56
(Music)
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04:04
(Heart-beat)
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ืœื›ื•ืœื ื• ื™ืฉ ื‘ืงืจืช ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช.
04:08
We've all got navigation controls in our car.
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ืื•ืœื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืกืœื•ืœืจื™.
04:11
We maybe even have it in our cellphone.
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04:13
We perfectly know where all the ATMs are,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืื™ืคื” ื›ืœ ื”ื›ืกืคื•ืžื˜ื™ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื
ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืžืืกื˜ืจื™ื›ื˜.
04:16
just about the city of Maastricht.
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04:17
The other thing is we know where all the gas stations are.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื’ื ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื”ื“ืœืง ื ืžืฆืื•ืช.
ื•ื‘ืจื•ืจ, ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืจืฉืชื•ืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืžื”ื™ืจ.
04:21
And sure, we could find fast food chains.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืคื” ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื” AED ื”ืงืจื•ื‘
04:24
But where would be the nearest AED to help this patient?
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื—ื•ืœื” ื”ื–ื”?
ืฉืืœื ื• ื•ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื™ื“ืข.
04:28
We asked around, and nobody knew.
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04:30
Nobody knew where the nearest lifesaving AED
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ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื™ื“ืข ืื™ืคื” ื”AED ืžืฆื™ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
04:33
was to be obtained right now.
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ื ืžืฆื ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
04:35
So what we did, we crowdsourced the Netherlands.
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ืื– ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื•, ื”ื•ืฆืื ื• ืœืงื”ืœ ืืช ื”ื•ืœื ื“.
ื”ืงืžื ื• ืืชืจ
04:38
We set up a website, and asked the crowd,
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ื•ืฉืืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืงื”ืœ, "ืื ืชืจืื• AED,
04:41
"If you see an AED, please submit it,
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ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืชื›ื ื™ืกื• ืื•ืชื•, ืชื’ื™ื“ื• ืœื ื• ืื™ืคื” ื”ื•ื,
04:43
tell us where it is, tell us when it's open,"
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ืชื’ื™ื“ื• ืœื ื• ืžืชื™ ื”ื•ื ืคืชื•ื—,"
04:46
since sometimes in office hours it's closed, of course.
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืœืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื•ื ืกื’ื•ืจ, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ.
ื•ืžืขืœ 10,000 AED ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ื•ืœื ื“
04:49
And over 10,000 AEDs in the Netherlands
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ื ืฉืœื—ื• ื•ืžื•ืคื•.
04:51
already have been submitted.
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04:52
The next step we took was to find the applications for it.
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ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื‘ื ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื• ื”ื™ื” ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื ืœื–ื”.
04:55
And we built an iPad application.
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ื•ื‘ื ื™ื ื• ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื™ืช ืื™ื™ืคื“.
04:57
We made an application for Layar: Augmented Reality,
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ื™ืฆืจื ื• ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ Layar, ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืžืจื•ื‘ื“ืช,
05:00
to find these AEDs.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื” AED ื”ืืœื”.
05:02
And whenever you are in a city like Maastricht,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืืชื ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื›ืžื• ืžืืกื˜ืจื™ื›ื˜ ื•ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžืชืžื•ื˜ื˜,
05:05
and somebody collapses, you can use your iPhone,
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืื™ื™ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœื›ื,
05:07
and within the next weeks also your Microsoft cellphone,
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ื•ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื’ื ืœื”ืจื™ืฅ ืขืœ ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื™ืงืจื•ืกื•ืคื˜,
ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื” AED ื”ืงืจื•ื‘
05:11
to find the nearest AED,
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05:12
which can save lives.
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื.
05:14
And as of today,
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ื•ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื•ื,
05:16
we would like to introduce this, not only as AED4EU,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืืช ื–ื”, ืœื ืจืง ื› AED4U,
05:18
which is what the product is called,
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ืฉื›ืš ื ืงืจื ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ,
05:20
but also AED4US.
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ืืœื ื’ื ืืช AED4US.
05:22
And we would like to start this on a worldwide level.
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืจืžื” ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช.
05:24
And ask all of our colleagues in the rest of the world,
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืžื›ืœ ื”ืงื•ืœื’ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืฉืืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
05:27
colleague universities, to help us
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ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืื•ืช, ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื ื•
05:29
to find and work and act like a hub
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ืœืžืฆื•ื ื•ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื•ืœื”ืชื ื”ื’ ื›ืžื• ืฆื™ืจ
05:32
to crowdsource all these AEDs all around the world,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืœืงื”ืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ื” AED ื”ืืœื” ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื.
05:35
that whenever you're on holiday and somebody collapses,
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ื›ืš ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืืชื ื‘ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื•ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžืชืžื•ื˜ื˜,
05:38
might it be your own relative or someone just in front of you,
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ืื•ืœื™ ืงืจื•ื‘ ืฉืœื›ื ืื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืœื™ื“ื›ื,
ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื–ื”.
05:42
you can find this.
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05:43
The other thing we would like to ask
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉื ืจืฆื” ืœื‘ืงืฉ
05:45
is of companies also all over the world
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ื”ื•ื ืžื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื
05:47
that will be able to help us validate these AEDs.
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ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืœืืžืช ืืช ื”AED ื”ืืœื”.
05:50
These might be courier services
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ืืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืจื•ืชื™ ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ื™ื•ืช
05:52
or cable guys, for instance,
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ืื• ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ื‘ืœื™ื ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”,
05:54
just to see whether the AED that is submitted
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ืจืง ืœืจืื•ืช ืื ื” AED ืฉื ืฉืœื—
05:56
is still in place.
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ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืงื•ื.
05:58
So please help us on this one
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ืื– ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืชืขื–ืจื• ืœื ื• ื‘ื–ื”
06:00
and try to make not only health a little bit better,
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ื•ืชื ืกื• ืœื ืจืง ืœืฉืคืจ ืžืขื˜ ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ืืœื ืœืงื—ืช ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืขืœื™ื”.
06:03
but take control of it.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
06:04
Thank you.
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06:05
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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