John McWhorter: Txtng is killing language. JK!!!

578,234 views ใƒป 2013-04-22

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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ืžืชืจื’ื: yael ring ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:12
We always hear that texting is a scourge.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืชืžื™ื“ ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืฉ"ืกื™ืžื•ืก" (ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืžืกืจื•ื ื™ื) ื”ื™ื ืžืงื•ืจ ืœืคื•ืจืขื ื•ืช
00:15
The idea is that texting spells the decline and fall
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ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืกื™ืžื•ืก ืžืฉืžืขื• ื ืกื™ื’ื” ื•ื›ืฉืœื•ืŸ
00:20
of any kind of serious literacy, or at least writing ability,
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ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืงืจื•ื ื•ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ืจืฆื™ื ื™ืช,
00:23
among young people in the United States
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ืืฆืœ ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช
00:26
and now the whole world today.
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ื•ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ื›ื™ื•ื.
00:28
The fact of the matter is that it just isn't true,
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ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ,
00:32
and it's easy to think that it is true,
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ื•ืงืœ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ,
00:34
but in order to see it in another way,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ืื—ืจืช,
00:36
in order to see that actually texting is a miraculous thing,
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉืกื™ืžื•ืก ื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื ืคืœื
00:40
not just energetic, but a miraculous thing,
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ืœื ืจืง ืžืœื ืื ืจื’ื™ื”, ืืœื ืžืžืฉ ืžื•ืคืœื.
00:43
a kind of emergent complexity
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ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืžืชื”ื•ื•ื”
00:44
that we're seeing happening right now,
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ืฉืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉืžืชืจื—ืฉืช ืžืžืฉ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
00:47
we have to pull the camera back for a bit
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืชืจื—ืง ืžืขื˜
00:49
and look at what language really is,
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ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ืžื”ื™ ื‘ืขืฆื ืฉืคื”,
00:52
in which case, one thing that we see
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื”, ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื
00:55
is that texting is not writing at all.
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืกื™ืžื•ืก ืื™ื ื• ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ื›ืœืœ.
00:59
What do I mean by that?
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ืœืžื” ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ?
01:01
Basically, if we think about language,
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ื‘ืขืงืจื•ืŸ, ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืฉืคื”,
01:04
language has existed for perhaps 150,000 years,
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ืฉืคื” ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขืจืš 150 ืืœืฃ ืฉื ื”,
01:07
at least 80,000 years,
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ืื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช 80 ืืœืฃ ืฉื ื”,
01:09
and what it arose as is speech. People talked.
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ื•ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืงืžื” ื”ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ืื ืฉื™ื ื“ื™ื‘ืจื•.
01:14
That's what we're probably genetically specified for.
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ื–ื” ื›ื ืจืื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื•ื›ื ื ื™ื ื’ื ื˜ื™ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
01:17
That's how we use language most.
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ื–ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื‘ื” ืื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉืคื” ื”ื›ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื”.
01:19
Writing is something that came along much later,
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ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื•ื—ืจ,
01:22
and as we saw in the last talk,
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ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ื‘ื”ืจืฆืื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”,
01:24
there's a little bit of controversy as to exactly when that happened,
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ื™ืฉื ื” ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืงืœื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžืชื™ ื–ื” ืงืจื”,
01:27
but according to traditional estimates,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืคื™ ื”ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ื•ืช,
01:29
if humanity had existed for 24 hours,
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ืื ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื” 24 ืฉืขื•ืช,
01:33
then writing only came along at about 11:07 p.m.
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ืื– ื”ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ืจืง ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช 23:07.
01:38
That's how much of a latterly thing writing is.
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ื–ื” ืจืง ืžืžื—ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื” ื”ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืื•ื—ืจ.
01:42
So first there's speech, and then writing comes along
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ืื– ืงื•ื“ื ื”ื™ื” ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื•ืื– ื”ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื”
01:45
as a kind of artifice.
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ื›ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜.
01:47
Now don't get me wrong, writing has certain advantages.
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ืืœ ืชื‘ื™ื ื• ืื•ืชื™ ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืœื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ื™ืฉ ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื™ื.
01:51
When you write, because it's a conscious process,
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ื›ืฉืืชื” ื›ื•ืชื‘, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžื•ื“ืข,
01:53
because you can look backwards,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืื—ื•ืจื”,
01:56
you can do things with language that are much less likely
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ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื ื”ืฉืคื”
01:58
if you're just talking.
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ืžืืฉืจ ืื ืืชื” ืจืง ืžื“ื‘ืจ.
02:01
For example, imagine a passage from Edward Gibbon's
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื, ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืคืกืงื” ืžืกืคืจื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื•ืืจื“ ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืŸ
02:05
"The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire:"
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"ืฉืงื™ืขืชื” ื•ื ืคื™ืœืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืžืคืจื™ื” ื”ืจื•ืžื™ืช":
02:09
"The whole engagement lasted above twelve hours,
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"ื›ืœ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข ืืจืš ืžืขืœ ืฉื ื™ื ืขืฉืจ ืฉืขื•ืช,
02:12
till the graduate retreat of the Persians was changed
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ืขื“ ืฉื”ื ืกื™ื’ื” ื”ื”ื“ืจื’ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจืกื™ื ื”ืคื›ื”
02:14
into a disorderly flight, of which the shameful example
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ืœืžื ื•ืกื” ืคืจื•ืขื”, ื›ืฉื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื”ืžื‘ื™ืฉื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
02:17
was given by the principal leaders and the Surenas himself."
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ื ื™ืชื ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ืกื•ืจื™ื ืืก ืขืฆืžื•".
02:20
That's beautiful, but let's face it, nobody talks that way.
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ื–ื” ื™ืคื”ื™ืคื”, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื ื ื•ื“ื”, ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื›ื”.
02:24
Or at least, they shouldn't if they're interested
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ืื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช, ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื ืื ื”ื ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื
02:28
in reproducing. That --
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ืœื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช. ื–ืืช
02:31
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:33
is not the way any human being speaks casually.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื‘ื” ื‘ืŸ ืื“ื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืจื’ื™ืœ.
02:36
Casual speech is something quite different.
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ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืจื’ื™ืœ ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื”ื• ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื ื”.
02:39
Linguists have actually shown
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ื‘ืœืฉื ื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžืฆืื•
02:41
that when we're speaking casually in an unmonitored way,
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ืฉื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืจื’ื™ืœ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืœื ืžื•ื“ืขืช
02:43
we tend to speak in word packets of maybe
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืื•ืœื™
02:46
seven to 10 words.
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7 ืขื“ 10 ืžื™ืœื™ื.
02:48
You'll notice this if you ever have occasion to record
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ืืชื ืชืจืื• ืืช ื–ื” ืื ืื™ ืคืขื ื™ืฆื ืœื›ื ืœื”ืงืœื™ื˜ ืืช
02:51
yourself or a group of people talking.
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ืขืฆืžื›ื ืื• ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
02:54
That's what speech is like.
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ื›ื›ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ.
02:55
Speech is much looser. It's much more telegraphic.
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ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื•ื—ืจืจ, ื”ื•ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ืœื’ืจืคื™.
02:59
It's much less reflective -- very different from writing.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืจืคืœืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ - ืžืื•ื“ ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื›ืชื™ื‘ื”.
03:03
So we naturally tend to think, because we see language
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ืื– ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘, ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉืคื”
03:06
written so often, that that's what language is,
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ื›ืชื•ื‘ื” ืคืขืžื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืจื‘ื•ืช, ืฉื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืฉืคื” ื”ื™ื,
03:08
but actually what language is, is speech. They are two things.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืฉืคื” ื”ื™ื ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ื”ื™ื ืฉื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
03:12
Now of course, as history has gone by,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ืจื•ืจ, ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื—ื•ืœืคืช,
03:16
it's been natural for there to be a certain amount of bleed
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ืฉื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืชื”ื™ื” ื›ืžื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ืฉืœ ื–ืœื™ื’ื”
03:18
between speech and writing.
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื›ืชื™ื‘ื”.
03:21
So, for example, in a distant era now,
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ืื–, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื, ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืžืจื•ื—ืงืช ืžื”ื™ื•ื,
03:26
it was common when one gave a speech
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ื”ื™ื” ื ืคื•ืฅ ืฉื›ืฉืื“ื ื ืฉื ื ืื•ื
03:29
to basically talk like writing.
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ื”ื•ื ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ื›ืžื• ื‘ื›ืชื‘.
03:32
So I mean the kind of speech that you see someone giving
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื ืื•ื ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื ื•ืฉื
03:34
in an old movie where they clear their throat, and they go,
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ื‘ืกืจื˜ ื™ืฉืŸ ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื›ื—ื›ื— ื‘ื’ืจื•ืŸ, ื•ืื•ืžืจ
03:37
"Ahem, ladies and gentlemen," and then they speak
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"ืื”ื, ื’ื‘ื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื•ืจื‘ื•ืชื™", ื•ืื– ื”ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื
03:39
in a certain way which has nothing to do with casual speech.
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ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื›ื–ืืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื” ืฉื•ื ืงืฉืจ ืœื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืจื’ื™ืœ.
03:43
It's formal. It uses long sentences like this Gibbon one.
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ื–ื” ืคื•ืจืžืœื™. ื–ื” ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืŸ.
03:46
It's basically talking like you write, and so, for example,
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ื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืžื• ืฉืืชื” ื›ื•ืชื‘, ื•ืื–, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื,
03:50
we're thinking so much these days about Lincoln
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื” ืขืœ ืœื™ื ืงื•ืœืŸ
03:52
because of the movie.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืกืจื˜.
03:55
The Gettysburg Address was not the main meal of that event.
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ื ืื•ื ื’ื˜ื™ืกื‘ื•ืจื’ (ื ืื•ื ืžืคื•ืจืกื ืฉืœ ืœื™ื ืงื•ืœืŸ) ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื• ืขืจื‘.
03:58
For two hours before that, Edward Everett spoke
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืฉืขืชื™ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ, ืื“ื•ืืจื“ ืื‘ืจื˜ ื“ื™ื‘ืจ
04:02
on a topic that, frankly, cannot engage us today
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ืขืœ ื ื•ืฉื, ืฉื‘ื›ื ื•ืช, ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื ื• ื”ื™ื•ื
04:05
and barely did then.
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ื•ื‘ืงื•ืฉื™ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื–.
04:06
The point of it was to listen to him
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ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืื•ืชื•
04:09
speaking like writing.
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ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืžื• ื‘ื›ืชื™ื‘ื”.
04:10
Ordinary people stood and listened to that for two hours.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืขืžื“ื• ื•ื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ื• ืœื–ื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉืขืชื™ื™ื.
04:13
It was perfectly natural.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ.
04:14
That's what people did then, speaking like writing.
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืขืฉื• ืื–, ื“ื™ื‘ืจื• ื›ืžื• ื‘ื›ืชื™ื‘ื”.
04:17
Well, if you can speak like writing,
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ืื–, ืื ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืžื• ื‘ื›ืชื™ื‘ื”,
04:19
then logically it follows that you might want to also
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ืื– ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ ืื ื›ืŸ ืฉืชืจืฆื• ื’ื
04:23
sometimes write like you speak.
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ื›ืžื• ืฉืืชื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
04:26
The problem was just that in the material,
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ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืจืง ืฉื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ
04:28
mechanical sense, that was harder back in the day
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ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™, ื”ืžื›ื ื™, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืฉื” ืื–
04:31
for the simple reason that materials don't lend themselves to it.
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ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ืฉื”ืืžืฆืขื™ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžืžืฉ ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืœื–ื”.
04:34
It's almost impossible to do that with your hand
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ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื“
04:37
except in shorthand, and then communication is limited.
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ืœืžืขื˜ ื‘ืงืฆืจื ื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืื– ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ื™ื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช.
04:40
On a manual typewriter it was very difficult,
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืงืฉื” ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืžื›ื•ื ืช ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ื™ื“ื ื™ืช,
04:42
and even when we had electric typewriters,
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืœื ื• ืžื›ื•ื ืช ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ื—ืฉืžืœื™ืช,
04:45
or then computer keyboards, the fact is
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ืื• ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืžืงืœื“ืช ืžื—ืฉื‘, ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื”ื™ื
04:47
that even if you can type easily enough to keep up
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ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืงืœื™ื“ ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืžืกืคื™ืงื” ืœืขืžื•ื“
04:49
with the pace of speech, more or less, you have to have
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ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ืคื—ื•ืช ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš
04:52
somebody who can receive your message quickly.
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ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื™ืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืฉืœืš ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช.
04:54
Once you have things in your pocket that can receive that message,
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ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืก ืฉืœื ื• ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ื”ื–ืืช,
04:58
then you have the conditions that allow
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ืื– ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืชื ืื™ื ืฉืžืืคืฉืจื™ื
05:00
that we can write like we speak.
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ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ื›ืžื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
05:04
And that's where texting comes in.
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ื•ื›ืืŸ ื ื›ื ืก ื”ืกื™ืžื•ืก.
05:07
And so, texting is very loose in its structure.
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ื•ื›ืš, ืกื™ืžื•ืก ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืœ ืžื‘ื ื” ืจื•ืคืฃ ืžืื•ื“.
05:11
No one thinks about capital letters or punctuation when one texts,
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ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืื• ืคื™ืกื•ืง ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืžืกืžืก,
05:15
but then again, do you think about those things when you talk?
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ืื‘ืœ ืื–, ื”ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื?
05:17
No, and so therefore why would you when you were texting?
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ืœื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœืžื” ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื–ืืช ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกืžืกื™ื?
05:21
What texting is, despite the fact that it involves
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ื”ืกื™ืžื•ืก ื”ื•ื, ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืจื•ืš
05:24
the brute mechanics of something that we call writing,
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ื‘ืžื›ื ื™ืงื” ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื• ื›ืชื™ื‘ื”,
05:27
is fingered speech. That's what texting is.
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ื–ื”ื• ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžื•ืงืœื“. ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืกื™ืžื•ืก ื”ื•ื.
05:30
Now we can write the way we talk.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื‘ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
05:34
And it's a very interesting thing, but nevertheless
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ื•ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืื•ื“ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ
05:36
easy to think that still it represents some sort of decline.
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ืงืœ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื ืกื™ื’ื”.
05:41
We see this general bagginess of the structure,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื”ืชืจื•ืคืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื‘ื ื”,
05:45
the lack of concern with rules and the way that we're used to
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ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืชืฉื•ืžืช ื”ืœื‘ ืœื—ื•ืงื™ื ื•ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื‘ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื
05:48
learning on the blackboard, and so we think
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ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ืœื•ื—, ื•ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื
05:50
that something has gone wrong.
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ืฉืžืฉื”ื• ื”ืฉืชื‘ืฉ.
05:53
It's a very natural sense.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืžืื•ื“ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช.
05:56
But the fact of the matter is that what is going on
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื”
06:00
is a kind of emergent complexity.
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ื”ื•ื ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืžืชื”ื•ื•ื”
06:04
That's what we're seeing in this fingered speech.
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ืงืœื“ ื”ื–ื”.
06:07
And in order to understand it, what we want to see
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ื•ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื•, ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช
06:10
is the way, in this new kind of language,
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืฆื•ืจื”, ื‘ืกื•ื’ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืฉืคื”,
06:15
there is new structure coming up.
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ื‘ื” ืขื•ืœื” ืžื‘ื ื” ื—ื“ืฉ.
06:18
And so, for example, there is in texting a convention,
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ื•ืื–, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื, ื™ืฉ ื‘ืกื™ืžื•ืก ืžื•ืกื›ืžื”,
06:24
which is LOL.
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ืฉื”ื™ื LOL
06:27
Now LOL, we generally think of
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• LOL, ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื
06:29
as meaning "laughing out loud."
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ืฉืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื• "ืฆื•ื—ืง ื‘ืงื•ืœ".
06:32
And of course, theoretically, it does,
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ื•ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™, ืฉืชื™ืื•ืจื˜ื™ืช, ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
06:34
and if you look at older texts, then people used it
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ื•ืื ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ื‘ื˜ืงืกื˜ื™ื ืžื•ืงื“ืžื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืื– ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ื–ื”
06:37
to actually indicate laughing out loud.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืžืžืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื ืฆื•ื—ืงื™ื ื‘ืงื•ืœ.
06:39
But if you text now, or if you are someone who
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืชืกืžืกื• ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื• ืื ืืชื ืžื™ืฉื”ื•
06:43
is aware of the substrate of texting the way it's become,
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ืฉืžื•ื“ืข ืœื“ืงื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืกื™ืžื•ืก ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืชืคืชื—,
06:47
you'll notice that LOL
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ืชืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืฉ LOL
06:48
does not mean laughing out loud anymore.
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ืื™ื ื• ืžืฉืžืขื• ืœืฆื—ื•ืง ื‘ืงื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
06:51
It's evolved into something that is much subtler.
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ื–ื” ื”ืชืคืชื— ืœืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ืขืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื“ืงื”.
06:54
This is an actual text that was done
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ื–ื” ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืืžื™ืชื™ ืฉื ื›ืชื‘
06:58
by a non-male person of about 20 years old
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืืฉื” ื‘ืขืจืš ื‘ืช 20
07:02
not too long ago.
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ืœืคื ื™ ืœื ืžื–ืžืŸ.
07:03
"I love the font you're using, btw."
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"ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืืช ื”ืคื•ื ื˜ ืฉืืช ืžืฉืชืžืฉืช ื‘ื•, ื“ืจืš ืื’ื‘."
07:06
Julie: "lol thanks gmail is being slow right now"
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ื’'ื•ืœื™: "LOL ืชื•ื“ื” ื’'ื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ืžืžืฉ ืื™ื˜ื™ ื›ืจื’ืข"
07:10
Now if you think about it, that's not funny.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื–ื”, ื–ื” ืœื ืžืฆื—ื™ืง.
07:12
No one's laughing. (Laughter)
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ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ืฆื•ื—ืง. (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
07:15
And yet, there it is, so you assume
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ื”ื ื” ื–ื”, ืื– ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื ื™ื—
07:16
there's been some kind of hiccup.
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ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื›ืืŸ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื˜ืขื•ืช.
07:18
Then Susan says "lol, I know,"
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ืื– ืกื•ื–ืŸ ืื•ืžืจ "LOL, ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช,"
07:20
again more guffawing than we're used to
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ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฆื—ื•ืง ืงื•ืœื ื™ ืžืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืœื•
07:22
when you're talking about these inconveniences.
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ื›ืฉืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืชืงืœื•ืช ื”ืืœื”.
07:25
So Julie says, "I just sent you an email."
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ืื– ื’'ื•ืœื™ ืื•ืžืจืช, "ื›ืจื’ืข ืฉืœื—ืชื™ ืœืš ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ".
07:28
Susan: "lol, I see it."
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ืกื•ื–ืŸ: "LOL, ืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ืื•ืชื•".
07:30
Very funny people, if that's what LOL means.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืžืฆื—ื™ืงื™ื, ืื ื–ืืช ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ LOL.
07:33
This Julie says, "So what's up?"
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ื’'ื•ืœื™ ืื•ืžืจืช, "ืื– ืžื” ืงื•ืจื”?"
07:35
Susan: "lol, I have to write a 10 page paper."
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ืกื•ื–ืŸ: "LOL, ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ 10 ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื".
07:38
She's not amused. Let's think about it.
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ื”ื™ื ืœื ืฆื•ื—ืงืช. ื‘ื ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื–ื”.
07:40
LOL is being used in a very particular way.
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LOL ืžื™ื•ืฉื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช.
07:43
It's a marker of empathy. It's a marker of accommodation.
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ื–ื”ื• ืกื™ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ืืžืคืชื™ื”. ื–ื” ืกื™ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืœืžื”.
07:47
We linguists call things like that pragmatic particles.
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ืื ื• ื”ื‘ืœืฉื ื™ื ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืืœื” ื—ืœืงื™ืงื™ื ืคืจื’ืžื˜ื™ื™ื
07:50
Any spoken language that's used by real people has them.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืคื” ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจืช ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืื•ืชื.
07:54
If you happen to speak Japanese, think about
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ืื ืืชื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ืคื ื™ืช, ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ
07:55
that little word "ne" that you use at the end of a lot of sentences.
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ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ืงื˜ื ื” "ne" ืฉืืชื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื” ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื.
07:59
If you listen to the way black youth today speak,
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ืื ืชืงืฉื™ื‘ื• ืœืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื,
08:01
think about the use of the word "yo."
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ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื™ืœื” "yo".
08:03
Whole dissertations could be written about it,
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจื˜ื™ื ืฉืœืžื™ื,
08:05
and probably are being written about it.
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ื•ื›ื ืจืื” ืฉืื›ืŸ ื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื.
08:07
A pragmatic particle, that's what LOL has gradually become.
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ื—ืœืงื™ืง ืคืจื’ืžื˜ื™, ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉ LOL ื”ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ื”.
08:11
It's a way of using the language between actual people.
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ื–ื” ืฆื•ืจืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืฉืคื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื.
08:15
Another example is "slash."
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ืขื•ื“ ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื–ื” "ืœื•ื›ืกืŸ" - /
08:18
Now, we can use slash in the way that we're used to,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืœื•ื›ืกืŸ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื•,
08:21
along the lines of, "We're going to have
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ื›ืžื• "ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืืจื’ื ื™ื
08:23
a party-slash-networking session."
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ืžืกื™ื‘ื” / ืกื“ื ืช ืžืคื’ืฉื™ื".
08:26
That's kind of like what we're at.
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ื–ื” ื‘ืขืจืš ืื™ืคื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื™ื•ื.
08:28
Slash is used in a very different way
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ืœื•ื›ืกืŸ ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืื•ื“ ืฉื•ื ื”
08:32
in texting among young people today.
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ื‘ืกื™ืžื•ืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื.
08:35
It's used to change the scene.
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ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืžืฉ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื•ื™ืจื”.
08:37
So for example, this Sally person says,
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ืื– ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื ืกืืœื™ ื›ืืŸ ืื•ืžืจืช,
08:40
"So I need to find people to chill with"
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"ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืžืฆื•ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ืœื•ืช ืืชื"
08:41
and Jake says, "Haha" --
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ื•ื’'ื™ื™ืง ืื•ืžืจ, "ื”ืื”ื"- (ืื• "ื—ื—ื—ื—ื—" ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ืช)
08:43
you could write a dissertation about "Haha" too, but we don't have time for that โ€”
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจื˜ ืขืœ "ื”ืื”ื" ื’ื, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ื–ืžืŸ ืœื–ื” -
08:46
"Haha so you're going by yourself? Why?"
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"ื”ืื”ื ืื– ืืช ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืœื‘ื“? ืœืžื”?"
08:48
Sally: "For this summer program at NYU."
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"ืกืืœื™: "ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืงื™ืฅ ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง".
08:51
Jake: "Haha. Slash I'm watching this video with suns players
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ื’'ื™ื™ืง: "ื”ืื”ื, ืœื•ื›ืกืŸ ืื ื™ ืฆื•ืคื” ื‘ื•ื™ื“ืื• ืฉืœ ืฉื—ืงื ื™ ื›ื“ื•ืจืกืœ
08:54
trying to shoot with one eye."
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ืฉืžื ืกื™ื ืœืงืœื•ืข ืขื ืขื™ืŸ ืื—ืช".
08:56
The slash is interesting.
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ื”ืœื•ื›ืกืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ.
08:57
I don't really even know what Jake is talking about after that,
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ืื ื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ื™ื•ื“ืข ืขืœ ืžื” ื’'ื™ื™ืง ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจื™ ื–ื”,
09:00
but you notice that he's changing the topic.
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ืื‘ืœ ืืชื ืฉืžื™ื ืœื‘ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื.
09:05
Now that seems kind of mundane,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ื“ื™ ืจื’ื™ืœ,
09:07
but think about how in real life,
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ืื‘ืœ ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืื™ืš ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื,
09:08
if we're having a conversation and we want to change the topic,
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ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ืฉื™ื—ื” ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื,
09:11
there are ways of doing it gracefully.
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ื™ืฉ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื™ืคื”.
09:12
You don't just zip right into it.
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ืืชื ืœื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืจืฆื™ื ืœืชื•ืš ื–ื”.
09:14
You'll pat your thighs and look wistfully off into the distance,
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ืืชื” ืชื˜ืคื— ืขืœ ื”ื™ืจื›ื™ื™ื ืฉืœืš ื•ืชื‘ื”ื” ื‘ืžืจื—ืง,
09:18
or you'll say something like, "Hmm, makes you think --"
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ืื• ืฉืชื’ื™ื“ ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ืžื•, "ื”ืžืžืž, ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ --"
09:22
when it really didn't, but what you're really --
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ื›ืฉื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืœื ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉืืชื” ื‘ืืžืช
09:25
(Laughter) โ€”
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
09:27
what you're really trying to do is change the topic.
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ืžื” ืฉืืชื” ื‘ืืžืช ืžื ืกื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ื” ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื.
09:30
You can't do that while you're texting,
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ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื›ืฉืืชื” ืžืกืžืก.
09:31
and so ways are developing of doing it within this medium.
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ื•ืื– ื ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžื“ื™ื•ื.
09:35
All spoken languages have what a linguist calls
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ืœื›ืœ ื”ืฉืคื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืืช ืžื” ืฉื‘ืœืฉื ื™ื ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื•
09:37
a new information marker -- or two, or three.
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ืกื™ืžืŸ ืžื™ื“ืข ื—ื“ืฉ - ืื• ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืื• ืฉืœื•ืฉื”.
09:41
Texting has developed one from this slash.
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ื”ืกื™ืžื•ืก ืคื™ืชื— ืกื™ืžืŸ ื›ื–ื” ืžื”ืœื•ื›ืกืŸ.
09:45
So we have a whole battery of new constructions
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ืื– ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืกื•ืœืœื” ืฉืœืžื” ืฉืœ ืžื‘ื ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
09:48
that are developing, and yet it's easy to think,
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ืฉืžืชืคืชื—ื™ื, ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืœ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘
09:51
well, something is still wrong.
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ื˜ื•ื‘, ืžืฉื”ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื‘ืกื“ืจ.
09:53
There's a lack of structure of some sort.
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ื™ืฉ ื—ื•ืกืจ ืžื‘ื ื™ ื›ืœืฉื”ื•.
09:57
It's not as sophisticated
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ื–ื” ืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžืชื•ื—ื›ื
09:59
as the language of The Wall Street Journal.
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ื›ืžื• ื”ืฉืคื” ื‘"ื•ื•ืœ ืกื˜ืจื™ื˜ ื’'ื•ืจื ืœ".
10:01
Well, the fact of the matter is,
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ื˜ื•ื‘, ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื”ื™ื,
10:03
look at this person in 1956,
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ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืž 1956,
10:05
and this is when texting doesn't exist,
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ื•ื–ื” ื›ืฉืกื™ืžื•ืก ืœื ืงื™ื™ื,
10:08
"I Love Lucy" is still on the air.
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"ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ืœื•ืกื™" (ืกื“ืจืช ื˜ืœื•ื™ื–ื™ื”) ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื•ื“ืจืช.
10:09
"Many do not know the alphabet or multiplication table,
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"ืจื‘ื™ื ืœื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืืœืฃ ื‘ื™ืช ืื• ื˜ื‘ืœืช ื”ื›ืคืœ,
10:13
cannot write grammatically -- "
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ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืชื—ื‘ื™ืจื™ืช ื ื›ื•ื ื”"
10:14
We've heard that sort of thing before,
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ื›ื‘ืจ ืฉืžืขื ื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ ื›ื–ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ
10:17
not just in 1956. 1917, Connecticut schoolteacher.
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ืœื ืจืง ื‘ 1956. 1917, ืžื•ืจื” ืžืงื•ื ื˜ื™ืงื˜
10:21
1917. This is the time when we all assume
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1917, ื–ืืช ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ื”ื ื—ื ื•
10:23
that everything somehow in terms of writing was perfect
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ืฉืื™ื›ืฉื”ื• ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืงืฉื•ืจ ื‘ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืฉืœื
10:27
because the people on "Downton Abbey" are articulate,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘"ื“ืื•ื ื˜ืื•ืŸ ืื‘ื™" (ืกื“ืจืช ื˜ืœื•ื™ื–ื™ื”) ื”ื ืจื”ื•ื˜ื™ื,
10:29
or something like that.
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ืื• ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ื–ื”.
10:30
So, "From every college in the country goes up the cry,
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ืื– "ืžื›ืœ ืงื•ืœื’' ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื”ื–ืขืงื”,
10:33
'Our freshmen can't spell, can't punctuate.'"
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ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืื™ื ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืื™ื™ืช, ืื™ื ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืคืกืง."
10:36
And so on. You can go even further back than this.
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ื•ื›ื•ืœื™. ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืœื›ืช ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื—ื•ืจื” ืžื–ื”.
10:38
It's the President of Harvard. It's 1871.
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ื–ื” ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืจื•ื•ืืจื“ ื‘1871.
10:41
There's no electricity. People have three names.
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ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉืžืœ, ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืฉ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืฉืžื•ืช.
10:44
"Bad spelling,
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"ืื™ื•ืช ื’ืจื•ืข,
10:46
incorrectness as well as inelegance of expression in writing."
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ื—ื•ืกืจ ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ื’ื ื—ื•ืกืจ ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืขื” ื‘ื›ืชื‘".
10:50
And he's talking about people who are otherwise
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœืžืขื˜ ื–ื”
10:52
well prepared for college studies.
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ื”ื ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืงื•ืœื’'.
10:54
You can go even further back.
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืœื›ืช ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื—ื•ืจื”.
10:56
1841, some long-lost superintendent of schools is upset
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1841, ืื™ื–ื” ืžืคืงื— ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ื ืฉื›ื— ืžื•ื˜ืจื“
10:59
because of what he has for a long time "noted with regret
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื•ื "ืฉื ืœื‘ ืœืฆืขืจื•
11:03
the almost entire neglect of the original" blah blah blah blah blah.
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ืœื”ื–ื ื—ื” ื”ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืฉืœ ื”..." ื‘ืœื” ื‘ืœื” ื‘ืœื” ื‘ืœื”
11:06
Or you can go all the way back to 63 A.D. -- (Laughter) --
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ืื• ืืคืฉืจ ืœืœื›ืช ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื—ื•ืจื” ืœ63 ืœืกืคื™ืจื” (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
11:11
and there's this poor man who doesn't like the way
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ื•ื”ื ื” ืื•ืชื• ืื“ื ืžืกื›ืŸ ืฉืœื ืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจื”
11:14
people are speaking Latin.
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ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื˜ื™ื ื™ืช.
11:15
As it happens, he was writing about what had become French.
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ืžืกืชื‘ืจ, ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ืคืš ืœืฆืจืคืชื™ืช.
11:18
And so, there are always โ€” (Laughter) (Applause) โ€”
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ื•ืื–, ื™ืฉ ืชืžื™ื“ (ืฆื—ื•ืง) (ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
11:25
there are always people worrying about these things
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ื™ืฉ ืชืžื™ื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื“ื•ืื’ื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”
11:27
and the planet somehow seems to keep spinning.
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ื•ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื• ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ืกืชื•ื‘ื‘
11:30
And so, the way I'm thinking of texting these days is
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ื•ืื–, ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ื” ืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ืกื™ืžื•ืก ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื
11:35
that what we're seeing is a whole new way of writing
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ืฉืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื”ื•ื ืฆื•ืจื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื›ืชื™ื‘ื”
11:38
that young people are developing,
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ืฉืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืžืคืชื—ื™ื.
11:40
which they're using alongside their ordinary writing skills,
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ื‘ื” ื”ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ ื”ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœื”ื,
11:44
and that means that they're able to do two things.
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
11:47
Increasing evidence is that being bilingual
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ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืœื›ืš ืฉืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื“ื•- ืฉืคืชื™
11:50
is cognitively beneficial.
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ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ืงื•ื’ื ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช.
11:52
That's also true of being bidialectal.
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ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื“ื•- ื“ื™ืืœืงื˜ื™ื•ืช (ื ื™ื‘ื™ื).
11:54
That's certainly true of being bidialectal in terms of your writing.
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ื•ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื“ื•-ื“ื™ืืœืงื˜ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœื›ื.
11:57
And so texting actually is evidence of a balancing act
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ื•ืื– ืกื™ืžื•ืก ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ืœืื™ื–ื•ืŸ
12:02
that young people are using today, not consciously, of course,
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ืฉืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื, ืœื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื•ื“ืข, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ,
12:05
but it's an expansion of their linguistic repertoire.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจืคืจื˜ื•ืืจ ื”ืฉืคืชื™ ืฉืœื”ื.
12:09
It's very simple.
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ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืื•ื“.
12:10
If somebody from 1973 looked at
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ืื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืž 1973 ื”ื™ื” ืžืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ
12:14
what was on a dormitory message board in 1993,
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ืžื•ื“ืขื” ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืชืœื•ื™ื” ืขืœ ืœื•ื— ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื‘ืžืขื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ 1993,
12:18
the slang would have changed a little bit
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ื”ืกืœื ื’ ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉืชื ื” ื‘ืžืขื˜
12:20
since the era of "Love Story,"
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ืžืื– ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ "ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื”ื‘ื”" (ืกืจื˜),
12:22
but they would understand what was on that message board.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžื•ื“ืขื”.
12:25
Take that person from 1993 -- not that long ago,
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ืงื—ื• ืืช ืื•ืชื• ืื“ื ืž 1993 - ืœื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ,
12:28
this is "Bill and Ted's Excellent Adventure" -- those people.
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ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืžื”ืกืจื˜ "ื”ื”ืจืคืชืงื” ื”ืžืขื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืœ ื•ื˜ื“".
12:31
Take those people and they read
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ืงื—ื• ืืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื•ื”ื ืงื•ืจืื™ื
12:33
a very typical text written by a 20-year-old today.
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ืกืžืก ื˜ื™ืคื•ืกื™ ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฆืขื™ืจ ื‘ืŸ 20 ื”ื™ื•ื.
12:36
Often they would have no idea what half of it meant
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ืœืจื•ื‘ ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ืžื•ืฉื’ ืžื” ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ื—ืฆื™ ืžืžื ื•
12:39
because a whole new language has developed
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืฉืคื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืคืชื—ื”
12:43
among our young people doing something as mundane
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืจื’ื™ืœ
12:45
as what it looks like to us when they're batting around
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ื›ืžื• ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ืฉื”ื ืžืงืœื™ื“ื™ื
12:48
on their little devices.
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ื‘ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.
12:49
So in closing, if I could go into the future,
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ืื– ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื, ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงืคื•ืฅ ืœืขืชื™ื“,
12:53
if I could go into 2033,
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ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืœื›ืช ืœ 2033,
12:57
the first thing I would ask is whether David Simon
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฉื•ืืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ืื ื“ื™ื•ื•ื™ื“ ืกื™ื™ืžื•ืŸ
13:00
had done a sequel to "The Wire." I would want to know.
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ืขืฉื” ืกืจื˜ ื”ืžืฉืš ืœ"the wire". ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ืขืช.
13:04
And โ€” I really would ask that โ€”
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืืžืช ืฉื•ืืœ ืืช ื–ื”
13:07
and then I'd want to know actually what was going on on "Downton Abbey."
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ื•ืื– ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ืขืช ื‘ืืžืช ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ื‘"ื“ืื•ื ื“ืื•ืŸ ืื‘ื™".
13:10
That'd be the second thing.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™.
13:12
And then the third thing would be,
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ื•ืื– ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื™ื”ื™ื”,
13:14
please show me a sheaf of texts
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ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืชืจืื• ืœื™ ื—ื‘ื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ืกืžืกื™ื
13:18
written by 16-year-old girls,
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ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืช 16,
13:19
because I would want to know where this language
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ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ืขืช ืœืืŸ ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ื–ืืช
13:22
had developed since our times,
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ื”ืชืคืชื—ื” ืžืื– ื–ืžื ื ื•,
13:24
and ideally I would then send them back to you and me now
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ื•ืื– ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื™ื“ื™ืœื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฉื•ืœื— ืื•ืชื ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืืœื™ื›ื ื•ืืœื™ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•
13:28
so we could examine this linguistic miracle
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืคืœื ื”ื‘ืœืฉื ื™ ื”ื–ื”
13:30
happening right under our noses.
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ืฉืžืชืจื—ืฉ ืžืžืฉ ืžืชื—ืช ืœืืคื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
13:32
Thank you very much.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืจื‘ื”.
13:34
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
13:39
Thank you. (Applause)
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” (ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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