John McWhorter: Txtng is killing language. JK!!!

573,183 views ・ 2013-04-22

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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λ²ˆμ—­: Jun-yeon Choi κ²€ν† : Jimin Kwon
00:12
We always hear that texting is a scourge.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 항상 "문자 λ©”μ‹œμ§€λŠ” 골칫거리닀." λΌλŠ” 말을 λ“£μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:15
The idea is that texting spells the decline and fall
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문자 λ©”μ‹œμ§€κ°€ μ Šμ€ λ―Έκ΅­ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜
00:20
of any kind of serious literacy, or at least writing ability,
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읽고 μ“°λŠ” λŠ₯λ ₯, μ•„λ‹ˆ 적어도 μ“°λŠ” λŠ₯λ ₯ λ§ŒνΌμ€
00:23
among young people in the United States
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μ•½ν™”μ‹œμΌ°λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:26
and now the whole world today.
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그리고 이것은 μ§€κΈˆ 세계적인 ν˜„μƒμ΄ λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€κ³  λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:28
The fact of the matter is that it just isn't true,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 이것은 사싀이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:32
and it's easy to think that it is true,
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λ¬Όλ‘  사싀이라고 μƒκ°ν•˜κΈ° 쉽죠.
00:34
but in order to see it in another way,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, 이것을 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‹œκ°μ—μ„œ 바라볼 ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:36
in order to see that actually texting is a miraculous thing,
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이 문자 λ©”μ‹œμ§€μ˜ 기적적인 츑면을 보기 μœ„ν•΄μ„œ,
00:40
not just energetic, but a miraculous thing,
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이건 λ‹¨μˆœνžˆ 역동적일 λΏμ•„λ‹ˆλΌ 기적과도 같은 κ²ƒμΈλ°μš”,
00:43
a kind of emergent complexity
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μ§€κΈˆ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ³Ό 수 μžˆλ“―μ΄
00:44
that we're seeing happening right now,
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문자 λ©”μ‹œμ§€λ‘œ 인해 μΆœν˜„ν•œ λ³΅μž‘ν•œ 츑면을 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
00:47
we have to pull the camera back for a bit
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ν•œ 발 λ’€λ‘œ λ¬ΌλŸ¬λ‚˜
00:49
and look at what language really is,
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μ–Έμ–΄λž€ κ³Όμ—° 무엇인지에 λŒ€ν•΄ 생각해 λ³Ό ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:52
in which case, one thing that we see
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μ΄λ•Œ, μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•œ 가지 μ•Œ 수 μžˆλŠ” 것은
00:55
is that texting is not writing at all.
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문자 λ©”μ‹œμ§€λŠ” 글쓰기와 μ „ν˜€ λ‹€λ₯΄λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:59
What do I mean by that?
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이게 무슨 λœ»μΌκΉŒμš”?
01:01
Basically, if we think about language,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 기본적으둜 언어에 λŒ€ν•΄ 생각해보면,
01:04
language has existed for perhaps 150,000 years,
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μ–Έμ–΄λŠ” μ•„λ§ˆλ„ μ§€λ‚œ 15λ§Œλ…„κ°„ μ‘΄μž¬ν•΄ μ™”κ³ 
01:07
at least 80,000 years,
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λ˜λŠ” 적어도 8λ§Œλ…„μ€ λμ„ν…λ°μš”,
01:09
and what it arose as is speech. People talked.
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λ§ν•˜κΈ°μ˜ ν˜•νƒœλ‘œ μ‹œμž‘λ˜μ—ˆμ£ . μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ λ§ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:14
That's what we're probably genetically specified for.
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'λ§ν•˜κΈ°'λž€ 인간이 μœ μ „μ μœΌλ‘œ νŠΉν™”λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλŠ” 것이기도 ν•˜κ³ 
01:17
That's how we use language most.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κ°€μž₯ 많이 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” μ–Έμ–΄μ˜ ν˜•νƒœμ΄κΈ°λ„ ν•˜μ£ .
01:19
Writing is something that came along much later,
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'κΈ€μ“°κΈ°'λŠ” 훨씬 이후에 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:22
and as we saw in the last talk,
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그리고 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ§€λ‚œ κ°•μ—°μ—μ„œ λ³΄μ•˜λ“―μ΄
01:24
there's a little bit of controversy as to exactly when that happened,
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'κΈ€μ“°κΈ°'κ°€ μ–Έμ œ μƒκ²¨λ‚¬λŠ”μ§€μ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œλŠ” λ‹€μ†Œμ˜ λ…Όλž€μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:27
but according to traditional estimates,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 전톡적인 좔츑에 λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄,
01:29
if humanity had existed for 24 hours,
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μ§€λ‚œ 인λ₯˜μ˜ μ‹œκ°„μ„ 24μ‹œκ°„μ΄λΌκ³  κ°€μ •ν•  λ•Œ
01:33
then writing only came along at about 11:07 p.m.
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κΈ€μ“°κΈ°λŠ” λ°€ 11μ‹œ 7λΆ„μ―€ 생겨났닀고 λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:38
That's how much of a latterly thing writing is.
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그만큼 κΈ€μ“°κΈ°κ°€ λ’€λŠ¦κ²Œ μƒκ²¨λ‚œ κ±°μ£ .
01:42
So first there's speech, and then writing comes along
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆκΉŒ λ§ν•˜κΈ°κ°€ λ¨Όμ €κ³  이후에 κΈ€μ“°κΈ°κ°€
01:45
as a kind of artifice.
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μΌμ’…μ˜ λ„κ΅¬λ‘œμ„œ μƒκ²¨λ‚œ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:47
Now don't get me wrong, writing has certain advantages.
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제 말을 μ˜€ν•΄ν•˜μ§„ λ§ˆμ‹­μ‹œμ˜€. 글쓰기도 λΆ„λͺ…ν•œ μž₯점이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:51
When you write, because it's a conscious process,
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κΈ€μ“°κΈ°λŠ” μ˜μ‹μ˜ 과정을 λ³΄μ—¬μ£ΌκΈ°λ„ν•˜κ³ 
01:53
because you can look backwards,
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λ°˜μΆ”ν•΄λ³Ό μˆ˜λ„ 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—,
01:56
you can do things with language that are much less likely
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글을 μ“°κ²Œ 되면, λ‹¨μˆœνžˆ λ§λ‘œλŠ” ν•˜κΈ°κ°€
01:58
if you're just talking.
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μ–΄λ €μ› λ˜ 것을 ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:01
For example, imagine a passage from Edward Gibbon's
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, μ—λ“œμ›Œλ“œ κΈ°λ³Έ(Edward Gibbon)이 μ“΄
02:05
"The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire:"
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"둜마 제ꡭ의 쇠퇴와 λͺ°λ½"의 ν•œ κ΅¬μ ˆμ„ λ³΄μ‹œμ£ .
02:09
"The whole engagement lasted above twelve hours,
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"μ „νˆ¬κ°€ 12μ‹œκ°„ 이상 μ§€μ†λ˜λ©΄μ„œ
02:12
till the graduate retreat of the Persians was changed
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페λ₯΄μ‹œμ•„μ˜ 점진적인 ν›„ν‡΄λŠ” λ¬΄μ§ˆμ„œν•œ ν‡΄κ°μœΌλ‘œ λ³€ν–ˆλ‹€.
02:14
into a disorderly flight, of which the shameful example
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이것은 μ£Όμš” μ§€λ„μžλ“€κ³Ό μˆ˜λ ˆλ‚˜(Surenas)μ—κ²Œ
02:17
was given by the principal leaders and the Surenas himself."
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μΉ˜μš•μ μΈ κ²½ν—˜μœΌλ‘œ λ‚¨κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€"
02:20
That's beautiful, but let's face it, nobody talks that way.
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아름닡죠. ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€. 아무도 이런 μ‹μœΌλ‘œ λ§ν•˜μ§„ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:24
Or at least, they shouldn't if they're interested
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적어도 그듀이 λ²ˆμ‹ν•  생각이 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄
02:28
in reproducing. That --
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κ·ΈλŸ¬μ§€ 말아야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이것은
02:31
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
02:33
is not the way any human being speaks casually.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μΌμƒμ μœΌλ‘œ λ§ν•˜λŠ” 방식이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:36
Casual speech is something quite different.
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일상적인 λ§ν•˜κΈ°λŠ” μ΄μ™€λŠ” ν™•μ—°νžˆ λ‹€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:39
Linguists have actually shown
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μ–Έμ–΄ν•™μžλ“€μ— λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄
02:41
that when we're speaking casually in an unmonitored way,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ–΄λ–€ κ°μ‹œλ„ 받지 μ•Šκ³  κ·Έλƒ₯ μΌμƒμ μœΌλ‘œ 말할 λ•ŒλŠ”
02:43
we tend to speak in word packets of maybe
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7κ°œμ—μ„œ 10개 μ •λ„μ˜ λ‹¨μ–΄λ‘œ 이루어진
02:46
seven to 10 words.
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단어 λ¬ΆμŒμ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ„œ 말을 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:48
You'll notice this if you ever have occasion to record
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μ•„λ§ˆ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ΄ μžμ‹ μ΄λ‚˜ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ λŒ€ν™”λ₯Ό
02:51
yourself or a group of people talking.
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λ…ΉμŒν•˜μ—¬ λ“€μ–΄λ³Έλ‹€λ©΄ 이λ₯Ό μ•Œ 수 μžˆμ„ 것 μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:54
That's what speech is like.
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λ§ν•˜κΈ°λž€ 이런 것 μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:55
Speech is much looser. It's much more telegraphic.
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말은 쒀더 λŠμŠ¨ν•˜μ£ . μ’€ 더 κ°„κ²°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:59
It's much less reflective -- very different from writing.
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κΈ€μ“°κΈ°μ™€λŠ” λ‹€λ₯΄κ²Œ 닀듬기도 μ–΄λ ΅μ£ .
03:03
So we naturally tend to think, because we see language
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κΈ€λ‘œ 쓰여진 μ–Έμ–΄λ₯Ό 자주 μ ‘ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
03:06
written so often, that that's what language is,
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μžμ—°μŠ€λŸ½κ²Œ 글이 μ–Έμ–΄ 자체라고 μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” κ²½ν–₯이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:08
but actually what language is, is speech. They are two things.
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사싀 μ§„μ§œ μ–Έμ–΄λž€ λ§ν•˜κΈ°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 글쓰기와 μ–Έμ–΄λŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ 것이죠.
03:12
Now of course, as history has gone by,
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λ¬Όλ‘ , 역사가 ν˜λŸ¬κ°€λ©΄μ„œ
03:16
it's been natural for there to be a certain amount of bleed
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λ§ν•˜κΈ°μ™€ κΈ€μ“°κΈ° μ‚¬μ΄μ—μ„œ μžμ—°μŠ€λŸ½κ²Œ
03:18
between speech and writing.
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μ–΄λŠ μ •λ„μ˜ λΆ„μŸμ΄ μ‘΄μž¬ν•΄ μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:21
So, for example, in a distant era now,
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자, 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€. μ§€κΈˆμœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° 였래 μ „μ—λŠ”
03:26
it was common when one gave a speech
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글쓰기와 같은 말투둜 연섀을 ν•˜λŠ” 것이
03:29
to basically talk like writing.
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ν”ν•œ μΌμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:32
So I mean the kind of speech that you see someone giving
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μ˜›λ‚  μ˜ν™”μ—μ„œ μ–΄λ–€ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ λ‚˜μ™€
03:34
in an old movie where they clear their throat, and they go,
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μ—°μ„€ν•˜λŠ” 것을 보면, 헛기침을 ν•˜κ³  λ‚˜μ„œ
03:37
"Ahem, ladies and gentlemen," and then they speak
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"에헴, 신사 μˆ™λ…€ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„," 이라고 λ§ν•œ 후에,
03:39
in a certain way which has nothing to do with casual speech.
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ν‰μ†Œμ— μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ§ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒκ³ΌλŠ” μ™„μ „νžˆ λ‹€λ₯Έ λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ 연섀을 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:43
It's formal. It uses long sentences like this Gibbon one.
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κ²©μ‹μžˆμ£ . κΈ°λ³Έ(Gibon)의 κΈ€μ²˜λŸΌ κΈ΄ λ¬Έμž₯을 μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:46
It's basically talking like you write, and so, for example,
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마치 κΈ€μ“°λŠ” κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ 말을 ν•˜λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έ 예둜
03:50
we're thinking so much these days about Lincoln
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μš”μ¦˜ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ˜ν™” λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
03:52
because of the movie.
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링컨 λŒ€ν†΅λ Ή μ–˜κΈ°λ₯Ό 많이 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:55
The Gettysburg Address was not the main meal of that event.
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링컨의 κ²Œν‹°μŠ€λ²„κ·Έ 연섀이 κ·Έ λ‚ μ˜ μ£Ό ν–‰μ‚¬λŠ” μ•„λ‹ˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:58
For two hours before that, Edward Everett spoke
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링컨의 μ—°μ„€ 2μ‹œκ°„ 전에 , μ—λ“œ 에버렛(Edward Everett)이 연섀을 ν–ˆλŠ”λ°
04:02
on a topic that, frankly, cannot engage us today
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μ†”μ§νžˆ μ§€κΈˆμ˜ 우리λ₯Ό μ‚¬λ‘œμž‘μ„ μˆ˜λ„ μ—†κ³ 
04:05
and barely did then.
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κ·Έλ•Œ λ‹Ήμ‹œμ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€λ„ 거의 λΉ„μŠ·ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:06
The point of it was to listen to him
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 것은 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 글쓰듯이 λ§ν•˜λŠ” μ—λ²„λ ›μ˜ 연섀을
04:09
speaking like writing.
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λ“€μ–΄μ•Όν–ˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:10
Ordinary people stood and listened to that for two hours.
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ν‰λ²”ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ κ·Έ μžλ¦¬μ— μ„œμ„œ 2μ‹œκ°„λ™μ•ˆ 연섀을 λ“€μ–΄μ•Ό ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:13
It was perfectly natural.
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ꡉμž₯히 μžμ—°μŠ€λŸ¬μš΄ μΌμ΄μ˜€μ£ .
04:14
That's what people did then, speaking like writing.
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λ‹Ήμ‹œμ—λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ, κΈ€ 쓰듯이 말을 ν–ˆμœΌλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
04:17
Well, if you can speak like writing,
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자, 만일 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ κΈ€ 쓰듯이 말할 수 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄
04:19
then logically it follows that you might want to also
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λ‹Ήμ—°νžˆ 이런 생각이 λ“€κ²Œλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:23
sometimes write like you speak.
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λ§ν•˜λ“―μ΄ 글을 μ“°λŠ” 것도 κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ„κΉŒ.
04:26
The problem was just that in the material,
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μ˜ˆμ „μ—λŠ”, 물리적 λ˜λŠ” 기술적 μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œ λ³Όλ•Œ
04:28
mechanical sense, that was harder back in the day
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μ§€κΈˆμ²˜λŸΌ λ§ν•˜λ“―μ΄ κΈ€μ“°λŠ” 것이 더 μ–΄λ €μ› μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:31
for the simple reason that materials don't lend themselves to it.
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κ·ΈλŸ΄λ§Œν•œ 도ꡬ가 μ—†μ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” 사싀이 κ°„λ‹¨ν•œ 이유이죠.
04:34
It's almost impossible to do that with your hand
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 속기λ₯Ό ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” ν•œ 거의 λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν–ˆμœΌλ©°
04:37
except in shorthand, and then communication is limited.
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κ·Έ λŒ€ν™”λ„ μ œν•œμ μΌ 수 밖에 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:40
On a manual typewriter it was very difficult,
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μˆ˜λ™ νƒ€μžκΈ°λ₯Ό 써도 그것은 ꡉμž₯히 μ–΄λ €μ› κ³ 
04:42
and even when we had electric typewriters,
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μ „μž νƒ€μžκΈ°κ°€ μžˆμ—ˆμ„ λ•Œμ—λ„,
04:45
or then computer keyboards, the fact is
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컴퓨터 자판이 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€ 해도 쉽지 μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:47
that even if you can type easily enough to keep up
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μ„€λ Ή λ§ν•˜λŠ” 속도에 κ·Όμ ‘ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€ 해도
04:49
with the pace of speech, more or less, you have to have
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κ·Έ μž…λ ₯된 λ©”μ‹œμ§€λ₯Ό
04:52
somebody who can receive your message quickly.
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빨리 μˆ˜μ‹ ν•  λˆ„κ΅°κ°€κ°€ μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:54
Once you have things in your pocket that can receive that message,
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λ©”μ‹œμ§€λ₯Ό μˆ˜μ‹ ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μ–΄λ–€ μž₯치λ₯Ό κ°–κ²Œ λœλ‹€λ©΄
04:58
then you have the conditions that allow
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그럼 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ λ§ν•˜λ“―μ΄ 글을 μ“Έ 수 μžˆλŠ”
05:00
that we can write like we speak.
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쑰건이 갖좰진 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:04
And that's where texting comes in.
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문자 λ©”μ‹œμ§€λŠ” λ°”λ‘œ κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•œ 쑰건을 κ°–μΆ”κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:07
And so, texting is very loose in its structure.
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문자 λ©”μ‹œμ§€λŠ” 맀우 λŠμŠ¨ν•œ ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό κ°–κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:11
No one thinks about capital letters or punctuation when one texts,
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문자 λ©”μ‹œμ§€λ₯Ό 보낼 λ•Œ, λˆ„κ΅¬λ„ λŒ€λ¬Έμžλ‚˜ ꡬ두점에 λŒ€ν•΄ μƒκ°ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:15
but then again, do you think about those things when you talk?
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ 말을 ν•  λ•Œ 그런 것을 μƒκ°ν•˜μ‹œλ‚˜μš”?
05:17
No, and so therefore why would you when you were texting?
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μ•„λ‹ˆμ£ . κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆ μ™œ ꡳ이 문자 λ©”μ‹œμ§€μ—μ„œ 그런 것듀을 μ‹ κ²½μ“°κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
05:21
What texting is, despite the fact that it involves
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문자 λ©”μ‹œμ§€λž€, μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 비둝
05:24
the brute mechanics of something that we call writing,
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κΈ€μ“°κΈ°λΌλŠ” 도ꡬλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κΈ΄ ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ,
05:27
is fingered speech. That's what texting is.
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μ†κ°€λ½μœΌλ‘œ ν•˜λŠ” λŒ€ν™” μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이것이 문자 λ©”μ‹œμ§€μ΄μ£ .
05:30
Now we can write the way we talk.
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이제 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ§ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ μ“Έ 수 있게 된 것이죠.
05:34
And it's a very interesting thing, but nevertheless
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ν•œ 가지 ν₯미둜운 점은, κ·ΈλŸΌμ—λ„ λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³  문자 λ©”μ‹œμ§€λŠ”
05:36
easy to think that still it represents some sort of decline.
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μ—¬μ „νžˆ κΈ€μ“°κΈ°μ˜ 쇠퇴λ₯Ό λœ»ν•œλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜κΈ° μ‰½μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:41
We see this general bagginess of the structure,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 문자 λ©”μ‹œμ§€μ—μ„œ λ¬Έλ²•μ˜ ν—ˆμˆ ν•¨μ„ 보고,
05:45
the lack of concern with rules and the way that we're used to
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κ·œμΉ™μ΄λ‚˜ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•™κ΅μ—μ„œ 배우던 λ°©μ‹μ—μ„œ
05:48
learning on the blackboard, and so we think
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λ²—μ–΄λ‚œ 것을 λ³΄λ©΄μ„œ
05:50
that something has gone wrong.
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λ­”κ°€ 잘λͺ»λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:53
It's a very natural sense.
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μ΄λŠ” 맀우 λ‹Ήμ—°ν•œ μΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:56
But the fact of the matter is that what is going on
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 사싀은, ν˜„μž¬ μ§„ν–‰λ˜λŠ” 일듀이
06:00
is a kind of emergent complexity.
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μƒˆλ‘­κ²Œ μΆœν˜„ν•œ μ–΄λ– ν•œ 볡합적인 μ„±μ§ˆμ„ 띠고 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:04
That's what we're seeing in this fingered speech.
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그것이 λ°”λ‘œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 'μ†μœΌλ‘œ ν•˜λŠ” λ§ν•˜κΈ°'μ—μ„œ λ³Ό 수 μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:07
And in order to understand it, what we want to see
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κ·Έκ±Έ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ‚΄νŽ΄ 보고자 ν•˜λŠ” 것은
06:10
is the way, in this new kind of language,
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ–Έμ–΄μ˜ λ°©μ‹μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:15
there is new structure coming up.
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 문법이 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” 것이죠.
06:18
And so, for example, there is in texting a convention,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ, 예λ₯Ό λ“€λ©΄, 문자 λ©”μ‹œμ§€ λŒ€ν™”μ— 이런게 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
06:24
which is LOL.
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λ°”λ‘œ β€œLOL” 말이죠
06:27
Now LOL, we generally think of
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자, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” β€œLOL”이 일반적으둜
06:29
as meaning "laughing out loud."
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β€œν¬κ²Œ μ†Œλ¦¬λ‚΄μ–΄ μ›ƒλ‹€β€λŠ” 뜻이라고 μ•Œκ³ μžˆμ£ .
06:32
And of course, theoretically, it does,
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λ¬Όλ‘ , μ΄λ‘ μ μœΌλ‘œλŠ” κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λŠ” μ–˜κΈ°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:34
and if you look at older texts, then people used it
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μ˜› λ¬Έν—Œμ„ 보면, λ‹Ήμ‹œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄
06:37
to actually indicate laughing out loud.
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β€œLOL”을 μ •λ§λ‘œ β€œν¬κ²Œ μ†Œλ¦¬λ‚΄μ–΄ μ›ƒλ‹€β€λŠ” 뜻으둜 μΌμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:39
But if you text now, or if you are someone who
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κ·Έλ ‡μ§€λ§Œ μ§€κΈˆ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 문자λ₯Ό 보낼 λ•ŒλŠ”
06:43
is aware of the substrate of texting the way it's become,
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ν˜Ήμ€ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 문자 λ©”μ‹œμ§€μ˜ 속성을 μ•Œκ³  κ³„μ‹œλ‹€λ©΄,
06:47
you'll notice that LOL
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β€œLOL”이 더이상 μ†Œλ¦¬λ‚΄μ–΄ μ›ƒλ‹€λŠ” 뜻이
06:48
does not mean laughing out loud anymore.
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μ•„λ‹ˆλΌλŠ” 것을 λˆˆμΉ˜μ±„μ‹€ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:51
It's evolved into something that is much subtler.
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β€œLOL”은 더 λ―Έλ¬˜ν•˜κ³  ꡬ체적인 의미λ₯Ό λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:54
This is an actual text that was done
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이것은 졜근
06:58
by a non-male person of about 20 years old
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20λŒ€ 여성끼리 μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μ£Όκ³  받은
07:02
not too long ago.
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문자 λ©”μ‹œμ§€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:03
"I love the font you're using, btw."
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β€œκ·Όλ°, λ‚˜ λ„€κ°€ μ“΄ κΈ€μžμ²΄κ°€ λ§˜μ— λ“€μ–΄.”
07:06
Julie: "lol thanks gmail is being slow right now"
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μ₯΄λ¦¬: β€œlol, κ³ λ§ˆμ›Œ. μ§€κΈˆ 지메일이 느렀.”
07:10
Now if you think about it, that's not funny.
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이것을 보면, μ „ν˜€ 웃기지 μ•Šμ£ .
07:12
No one's laughing. (Laughter)
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아무도 μ›ƒλŠ” 뢄이 μ•ˆ κ³„μ‹œμž–μ•„μš”. (μ›ƒμŒ)
07:15
And yet, there it is, so you assume
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ 이 λ‘μ‚¬λžŒμ΄
07:16
there's been some kind of hiccup.
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λ”Έκ΅­μ§ˆμ„ ν•˜λŠ” 것은 μ•„λ‹Œκ°€ μΆ”μΈ‘ν•΄λ³Ό μˆ˜λ„ 있겠죠
07:18
Then Susan says "lol, I know,"
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그러자 μˆ˜μ „μ΄ β€œ lol, κ·ΈλŸ¬κ²Œβ€
07:20
again more guffawing than we're used to
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λ‹€μ‹œ ν•œλ²ˆ λΆˆνŽΈν•¨μ— λŒ€ν•œ 이야기λ₯Ό ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ
07:22
when you're talking about these inconveniences.
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ν‰μ†Œλ³΄λ‹€ 더 크게 웃고 μžˆλ„€μš”.
07:25
So Julie says, "I just sent you an email."
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그리곀 μ₯΄λ¦¬κ°€ β€œ 방금 이메일 λ³΄λƒˆμ–΄β€λΌκ³  ν•˜μž
07:28
Susan: "lol, I see it."
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μˆ˜μ „: β€œlol, 봀어”
07:30
Very funny people, if that's what LOL means.
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β€œLOL”이 μ›λž˜ 뜻으둜 μ“°μ˜€λ‹€λ©΄, 두 μ‚¬λžŒ λ‹€ μ°Έ μž¬λ―ΈμžˆλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄μ£ .
07:33
This Julie says, "So what's up?"
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이제 μ₯΄λ¦¬κ°€ "μ•„λ¬΄νŠΌ 별일 μ—†μ–΄?” 라고 ν•˜μž
07:35
Susan: "lol, I have to write a 10 page paper."
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μˆ˜μ „: β€œlol, λ‚˜ 10μž₯짜리 페이퍼 써야해.” 라고 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:38
She's not amused. Let's think about it.
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Susan은 기뢄이 쒋지 μ•Šμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€. ν•œλ²ˆ μƒκ°ν•΄λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€
07:40
LOL is being used in a very particular way.
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LOL은 맀우 νŠΉμ΄ν•œ λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬μš©λ˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:43
It's a marker of empathy. It's a marker of accommodation.
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λ°”λ‘œ 곡감의 ν‘œμ‹œ, μˆ˜μ‘μ˜ ν‘œμ‹œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:47
We linguists call things like that pragmatic particles.
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저희 μ–Έμ–΄ν•™μžλ“€μ€ 이것을 β€œμ‹€μš©μ μΈ λΆˆλ³€ν™”μ‚¬β€ 라고 λΆ€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€. (μ—­μ£Ό - λΆˆλ³€ν™”μ‚¬ : 동사와 ν•¨κ»˜ ꡬ동사λ₯Ό μ΄λ£¨λŠ” λΆ€μ‚¬λ‚˜ μ „μΉ˜μ‚¬)
07:50
Any spoken language that's used by real people has them.
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μ‹€μ œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” μ–΄λŠ ꡬ어든 "μ‹€μš©μ  λΆˆλ³€ν™”μ‚¬"λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:54
If you happen to speak Japanese, think about
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일본어λ₯Ό 보면, λ¬Έμž₯ 끝머리에
07:55
that little word "ne" that you use at the end of a lot of sentences.
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β€œneβ€λΌλŠ” 짧은 단어λ₯Ό λ§λΆ™μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:59
If you listen to the way black youth today speak,
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흑인 μ Šμ€μ΄λ“€μ΄ λ§ν•˜λŠ” 것을 λ“£κ²Œ λ˜μ‹ λ‹€λ©΄
08:01
think about the use of the word "yo."
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β€œyo” λΌλŠ” 말의 μ“°μž„μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μƒκ°ν•΄λ³΄μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
08:03
Whole dissertations could be written about it,
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이λ₯Ό 주제둜 ν•œ 논문도 μ“Έ 수 μžˆμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:05
and probably are being written about it.
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μ•„λ§ˆ μ§€κΈˆ λˆ„κ΅°κ°€ 논문을 μ“°κ³  μžˆμ„μ§€λ„ λͺ¨λ₯΄μ£ .
08:07
A pragmatic particle, that's what LOL has gradually become.
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β€œLOL”은 점차적으둜 μ‹€μš©μ  λΆˆλ³€ν™”μ‚¬κ°€ 되고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:11
It's a way of using the language between actual people.
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이것이 μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€ 간에 μ–Έμ–΄κ°€ μ‚¬μš©λ˜λŠ” λ°©μ‹μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:15
Another example is "slash."
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λ˜λ‹€λ₯Έ 예둜 'slash'λ₯Ό λ“€ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:18
Now, we can use slash in the way that we're used to,
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μ›λž˜ μ“°λ˜ λ°©μ‹λŒ€λ‘œ '/(slash)'λ₯Ό ν•œλ²ˆ 써보죠.
08:21
along the lines of, "We're going to have
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β€œμš°λ¦¬λŠ” νŒŒν‹°/λ„€νŠΈμ›Œν‚Ή μ„Έμ…˜μ„ κ°€μ§ˆ
08:23
a party-slash-networking session."
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μ˜ˆμ •μ΄λ‹€β€ μ—μ„œμ²˜λŸΌ μ‚¬μ„ μœΌλ‘œ ν‘œμ‹œν•΄μ„œ μ”λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:26
That's kind of like what we're at.
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ν˜„μž¬ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ μ“°κ³  μžˆλŠ”λ°
08:28
Slash is used in a very different way
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문자 λ©”μ‹œμ§€λ₯Ό 보낼 λ•ŒλŠ” μŠ¬λž˜μ‰¬κ°€
08:32
in texting among young people today.
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μ™„μ „νžˆ λ‹€λ₯Έ λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬μš©λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:35
It's used to change the scene.
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ν™”μ œλ₯Ό λ°”κΎΈλŠ” μš©λ„λ‘œ μ‚¬μš©λ˜λŠ” 것이죠.
08:37
So for example, this Sally person says,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 예λ₯Ό ν•˜λ‚˜ λ“€κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ—¬κΈ° μƒλ¦¬λΌλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ΄
08:40
"So I need to find people to chill with"
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β€œ 같이 지낼 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€ ꡬ해야겠어” 라고 ν•˜μž,
08:41
and Jake says, "Haha" --
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μ œμ΄ν¬λŠ” β€œHaha --
08:43
you could write a dissertation about "Haha" too, but we don't have time for that β€”
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μ—¬κΈ° β€œHaha”에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œλ„ 논문을 써도 λ˜κ² λ„€μš” , 그런데 μ‹œκ°„ 관계상 λ„˜μ–΄κ°€κ΅¬μš”.
08:46
"Haha so you're going by yourself? Why?"
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β€œHaha λ„ˆ 혼자 κ°ˆκΊΌμ•Ό? λ­£ λ•Œλ¬Έμ—?”라고 λ¬»μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:48
Sally: "For this summer program at NYU."
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μƒλ¦¬λŠ” β€œ λ‰΄μš•λŒ€ν•™μ— ν•˜κ³„ ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ΄ μžˆμ–΄β€ 라고 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:51
Jake: "Haha. Slash I'm watching this video with suns players
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그러자 μ œμ΄ν¬λŠ” β€œHaha, / λ‚œ λΉ„λ””μ˜€λ₯Ό 보고 μžˆμ–΄. ν”Όλ‹‰μŠ€ μ„ μ¦ˆ μ„ μˆ˜λ“€μ΄
08:54
trying to shoot with one eye."
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ν•œμͺ½ λˆˆμ„ κ°€λ¦° 채 μŠ›μ„ λ„£λŠ” λͺ¨μŠ΅μ΄ λ‚˜μ™€β€
08:56
The slash is interesting.
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μ—¬κΈ°μ—μ„œ μŠ¬λž˜μ‰¬μ˜ μš©λ²•μ΄ ν₯λ―Έλ‘­μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:57
I don't really even know what Jake is talking about after that,
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사싀 μŠ¬λž˜μ‰¬ λ‹€μŒμ— μ œμ΄ν¬κ°€ 무슨 말을 ν•˜λŠ”μ§€λ„ 잘 λͺ¨λ₯΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€λ§Œ
09:00
but you notice that he's changing the topic.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ€ μ œμ΄ν¬κ°€ ν™”μ œλ₯Ό λ°”κΎΌλ‹€λŠ” 것을 아셨을 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:05
Now that seems kind of mundane,
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이 것은 별 일이 μ•„λ‹Œ κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ 보일 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:07
but think about how in real life,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ μƒκ°ν•΄λ³΄μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
09:08
if we're having a conversation and we want to change the topic,
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λŒ€ν™”λ₯Ό ν•˜λ‹€κ°€ ν™”μ œλ₯Ό λ°”κΎΈκ³  싢을 λ•Œ,
09:11
there are ways of doing it gracefully.
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이것을 μ •μ€‘ν•˜κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ” 방법듀이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
09:12
You don't just zip right into it.
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κ³§λ°”λ‘œ λ‹€λ₯Έ 이야기λ₯Ό μ‹œμž‘ν•˜μ§„ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:14
You'll pat your thighs and look wistfully off into the distance,
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ν—ˆλ²…μ§€λ₯Ό 쓰닀듬닀가 μ• μ„ν•œ ν‘œμ •μœΌλ‘œ λ¨Ό 곳을 μ‘μ‹œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:18
or you'll say something like, "Hmm, makes you think --"
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ν˜Ήμ€ β€œλ§ˆμΉ¨ 생각이 λ‚¬λŠ”λ° 말이야” 라고 말을 ν•˜λŠ”λ°,
09:22
when it really didn't, but what you're really --
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œλŠ” 그렇지 μ•Šμ£  μ•Šμ£ . 당신이 정말 -
09:25
(Laughter) β€”
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(μ›ƒμŒ)-
09:27
what you're really trying to do is change the topic.
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μ •λ§ν•˜κ³  싢은 것은 ν™”μ œλ₯Ό λ°”κΎΈλŠ” 것이죠.
09:30
You can't do that while you're texting,
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문자 λ©”μ‹œμ§€λ₯Ό 보낼 λ•ŒλŠ” κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν•  μˆ˜κ°€ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:31
and so ways are developing of doing it within this medium.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 문자 λ©”μ‹œμ§€λ₯Ό ν•  λ•Œ ν™”μ œλ₯Ό λ°”κΎΈλŠ” 방법이 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:35
All spoken languages have what a linguist calls
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λͺ¨λ“  μ–Έμ–΄λŠ” μ–Έμ–΄ν•™μžλ“€μ΄ β€œμƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 정보 ν‘œμ‹œ κΈ°ν˜Έβ€ 라고 λΆ€λ₯΄λŠ” 것을
09:37
a new information marker -- or two, or three.
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ν•˜λ‚˜ λ˜λŠ” 두 개 ν˜Ήμ€ μ„Έ 개 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:41
Texting has developed one from this slash.
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문자 λ©”μ‹œμ§€λ„ μŠ¬λž˜μ‰¬λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ„œ 그런 기호λ₯Ό ν•˜λ‚˜ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λ‚Έ 것이죠.
09:45
So we have a whole battery of new constructions
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자 이제 무언가 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 것을 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λ‚Ό
09:48
that are developing, and yet it's easy to think,
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μΆ©λΆ„ν•œ ν™˜κ²½μ΄ κ°–μΆ°μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ°λ°λ„, 아직도 λ­”κ°€ 잘λͺ»λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€κ³ 
09:51
well, something is still wrong.
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μƒκ°ν•˜κΈ° μ‰½μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:53
There's a lack of structure of some sort.
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μΌμ’…μ˜ λ¬Έλ²•μ˜ λΆ€μ‘±κ°™λ‹€κ³  말이죠.
09:57
It's not as sophisticated
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문자 λ©”μ‹œμ§€μ—λŠ” 또 μ›”μŠ€νŠΈλ¦¬νŠΈ μ €λ„μ²˜λŸΌ
09:59
as the language of The Wall Street Journal.
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μ„Έλ ¨λœ ν‘œν˜„μ„ 쓰지도 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:01
Well, the fact of the matter is,
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그런데, ν˜„μ‹€μ„ 듀여닀보면
10:03
look at this person in 1956,
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1956년에 μ‚΄μ•˜λ˜ μ‚¬λžŒμ˜ 예λ₯Ό 듀어보죠.
10:05
and this is when texting doesn't exist,
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문자 λ©”μ‹œμ§€κ°€ μ—†λ˜ μ‹œμ ˆμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:08
"I Love Lucy" is still on the air.
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"I Love Lucy"κ°€ λ°©μ†‘λ˜λ˜ λ•Œμ΄κΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:09
"Many do not know the alphabet or multiplication table,
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β€œμ•ŒνŒŒλ²³, ꡬꡬ단을 λͺ¨λ₯΄κ±°λ‚˜
10:13
cannot write grammatically -- "
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문법을 ν‹€λ¦¬λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ„ λ§Žλ‹€.”
10:14
We've heard that sort of thing before,
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이런 말을 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 전에도 듀은 적이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:17
not just in 1956. 1917, Connecticut schoolteacher.
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1956λ…„μ—λ§Œ 이랬던 것이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€. 1917λ…„ μ½”λ„€ν‹°μ»· 주의 ν•œ ꡐ사도
10:21
1917. This is the time when we all assume
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ μƒκ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 1917λ…„, 이 λ•ŒλŠ” κΈ€μ“°κΈ°κ°€
10:23
that everything somehow in terms of writing was perfect
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μ—¬λŸ¬ λ©΄μ—μ„œ μ™„λ²½ν–ˆλ‹€κ³  μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μƒκ°ν•˜μ£ . μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄
10:27
because the people on "Downton Abbey" are articulate,
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β€œλ‹€μš΄νŠΌ 애비”에 λ‚˜μ˜€λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ (*λ‹€μš΄νŠΌ μ• λΉ„:1μ°¨ 세계 λŒ€μ „ μ „ν›„λ₯Ό 배경으둜 ν•œ μ˜κ΅­λ“œλΌλ§ˆ)
10:29
or something like that.
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쑰리있게 말을 ν•˜λ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
10:30
So, "From every college in the country goes up the cry,
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β€œ 미ꡭ의 λͺ¨λ“  λŒ€ν•™μ΄ μ‹ μž…μƒλ“€μ΄ μ² μžλ„ 틀리고
10:33
'Our freshmen can't spell, can't punctuate.'"
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ꡬ두점을 찍을 쀄도 λͺ¨λ₯Έλ‹€λ©° ν•œνƒ„ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€β€ λŠ” 기둝도 μžˆκ΅¬μš”.
10:36
And so on. You can go even further back than this.
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이밖에도 많이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 훨씬 더 였래 μ „μœΌλ‘œ 거슬러 μ˜¬λΌκ°€λ„ λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:38
It's the President of Harvard. It's 1871.
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이것은 ν•˜λ²„λ“œλŒ€ν•™μ˜ 총μž₯이 ν•œ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ‹œκΈ°λŠ” 1871λ…„μ΄κ΅¬μš”.
10:41
There's no electricity. People have three names.
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λ‹Ήμ‹œμ—λŠ” 전기도 μ—†μ—ˆκ³  쀑간 이름을 쓰기도 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:44
"Bad spelling,
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β€œν˜•νŽΈμ—†λŠ” μ² μžλ²•μ—
10:46
incorrectness as well as inelegance of expression in writing."
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논리 μ •μ—°ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•  λΏλ”λŸ¬ μš΄μΉ˜μžˆλŠ” ν‘œν˜„μ„ μ“Έ 쀄도 λͺ¨λ₯Έλ‹€β€ 라고 ν‰ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:50
And he's talking about people who are otherwise
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ©΄μ„œ 논리 μ •μ—°ν•˜κ²Œ 글을 잘 μ“°λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ΄
10:52
well prepared for college studies.
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λŒ€ν•™ 과정을 μˆ˜ν•™ν•˜κΈ°μ— μ ν•©ν•˜λ‹€κ³  λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:54
You can go even further back.
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이보닀 더 μ˜ˆμ „μœΌλ‘œ κ°€λ³ΌκΉŒμš”.
10:56
1841, some long-lost superintendent of schools is upset
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1841λ…„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ‹Ήμ‹œμ˜ κ΅μœ‘κ°μ€ ꡉμž₯히 ν™”κ°€ λ‚˜ μžˆλŠ”λ°μš”
10:59
because of what he has for a long time "noted with regret
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ β€œμ›λž˜μ˜ 것을 지킀지 μ•ŠλŠ” 것 등등”을
11:03
the almost entire neglect of the original" blah blah blah blah blah.
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μ˜€λž«λ™μ•ˆ 유감으둜 생각해왔기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:06
Or you can go all the way back to 63 A.D. -- (Laughter) --
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심지어 더 였래 μ „ μ„œκΈ° 63λ…„μœΌλ‘œ λ˜λŒμ•„κ°€ λ³ΌκΉŒμš” (μ›ƒμŒ)
11:11
and there's this poor man who doesn't like the way
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이 μ‚¬λžŒμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ λΌν‹΄μ–΄μ˜ λ§ν•˜λŠ” 방식을
11:14
people are speaking Latin.
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λ§ˆμŒμ— λ“€μ–΄ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:15
As it happens, he was writing about what had become French.
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그런데 κ³΅κ΅λ‘­κ²Œλ„, κ·ΈλŠ” ν”„λž‘μŠ€μ–΄μ˜ 기원에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ“°κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:18
And so, there are always β€” (Laughter) (Applause) β€”
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ, 항상 (μ›ƒμŒ) (λ°•μˆ˜)
11:25
there are always people worrying about these things
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늘 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 이런 λ¬Έμ œμ— λŒ€ν•΄ μš°λ €ν•˜κ³  있고
11:27
and the planet somehow seems to keep spinning.
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μ§€κ΅¬λŠ” μ–΄λ–»κ²Œλ“  계속 돌고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:30
And so, the way I'm thinking of texting these days is
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ, μ €λŠ” μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  문자 λ©”μ‹œμ§€λ„
11:35
that what we're seeing is a whole new way of writing
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μ Šμ€μΈ΅μ΄ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λ‚΄κ³  μžˆλŠ”
11:38
that young people are developing,
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ κΈ€μ“°κΈ°μ˜ ν•œ 방식라고 μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:40
which they're using alongside their ordinary writing skills,
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일반적인 글쓰기와 λ™μ‹œμ— μ“°λŠ”κ±°μ£ .
11:44
and that means that they're able to do two things.
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즉 이것은 그듀이 두 가지λ₯Ό ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 λœ»ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:47
Increasing evidence is that being bilingual
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두 가지 μ–Έμ–΄λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•  쀄 μ•Œλ©΄ 인지적 μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œ
11:50
is cognitively beneficial.
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μ΄λ‘­λ‹€λŠ” 것이 점차 μž…μ¦λ˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:52
That's also true of being bidialectal.
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두 가지 방언을 μ“Έ 수 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄ 이것 μ—­μ‹œ λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:54
That's certainly true of being bidialectal in terms of your writing.
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νŠΉνžˆλ‚˜ κΈ€μ“°κΈ° μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œ 두 가지 방언을 μ“Έ 수 있으면 μ—­μ‹œ μœ μ΅ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:57
And so texting actually is evidence of a balancing act
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λ”°λΌμ„œ 문자 λ©”μ‹œμ§€λ„ μ Šμ€μ΄λ“€μ΄ ν˜„μž¬ 이λ₯Ό 톡해
12:02
that young people are using today, not consciously, of course,
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κ· ν˜•μž‘κΈ°λ₯Ό ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ¬Όλ‘  μ˜μ‹μ μœΌλ‘œ ν•˜λŠ” 것은 μ•„λ‹ˆμ§€λ§Œ
12:05
but it's an expansion of their linguistic repertoire.
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μžμ‹ λ“€μ˜ μ–Έμ–΄ λ ˆνΌν† λ¦¬λ₯Ό ν™•μž₯μ‹œν‚€κ³  μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:09
It's very simple.
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문자 λ©”μ‹œμ§€λŠ” 맀우 κ°„λ‹¨ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:10
If somebody from 1973 looked at
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λ§Œμ•½ 1973년에 μ‚΄λ˜ λˆ„κ΅°κ°€κ°€
12:14
what was on a dormitory message board in 1993,
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1993λ…„μ˜ κΈ°μˆ™μ‚¬ κ²Œμ‹œνŒμ„ λ³Έλ‹€λ©΄,
12:18
the slang would have changed a little bit
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비속어듀이 β€œλŸ¬λΈŒ μŠ€ν† λ¦¬β€ μ‹œλŒ€μ™€λŠ”
12:20
since the era of "Love Story,"
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μ’€ λ‹€λ₯΄κ² μ£ .
12:22
but they would understand what was on that message board.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ²Œμ‹œνŒ λ‚΄μš©μ΄ λ­”μ§€λŠ” 이해할 수 μžˆμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:25
Take that person from 1993 -- not that long ago,
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1993λ…„μœΌλ‘œ λ°λ €κ°”λ˜ 이 μ‚¬λžŒμ„ - 그리 멀지 μ•Šμ€ κ³Όκ±°μ£ ,
12:28
this is "Bill and Ted's Excellent Adventure" -- those people.
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μ˜ν™”β€ μ—‘μ„€λŸ°νŠΈ μ–΄λ“œλ²€μ²˜β€ μ—μ„œ 처럼 (Bill and Ted's Excellent Adventure)
12:31
Take those people and they read
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이 μ‚¬λžŒμ„ ν˜„μž¬λ‘œ 데렀와 λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
12:33
a very typical text written by a 20-year-old today.
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그리고 μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  20λŒ€κ°€ μ“΄ ν”ν•œ 문자 λ©”μ‹œμ§€λ₯Ό λ³΄μ—¬μ£ΌλŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:36
Often they would have no idea what half of it meant
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μ•„λ§ˆ 문자 λ©”μ‹œμ§€μ˜ 절반 μ •λ„λŠ” 무슨 λœ»μΈμ§€ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•  κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:39
because a whole new language has developed
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  μ Šμ€μ΄λ“€μ΄ μ™„μ „νžˆ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ–Έμ–΄λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λƒˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:43
among our young people doing something as mundane
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κ·Έμ € 일상적인 ν™œλ™μœΌλ‘œ λ³΄μ΄μ§€λ§Œ
12:45
as what it looks like to us when they're batting around
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그듀은 μž‘μ€ κΈ°κΈ°λ₯Ό 가지고 μ—¬λŸ¬ 가지 μ‹œλ„λ₯Ό ν•΄λ³΄λ©΄μ„œ
12:48
on their little devices.
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μ–Έμ–΄λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:49
So in closing, if I could go into the future,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ μ œκ°€ λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬κ³  싢은 것은, λ§Œμ•½ μ œκ°€ 미래둜 갈 수 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄,
12:53
if I could go into 2033,
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만일 μ œκ°€ 2033λ…„μœΌλ‘œ 갈수 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄,
12:57
the first thing I would ask is whether David Simon
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κ°€μž₯ λ¨Όμ € λ°μ΄λΉ„λ“œ 사이먼이 β€œλ” 와이어” μ‹œλ¦¬μ¦ˆ
13:00
had done a sequel to "The Wire." I would want to know.
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μ†νŽΈμ„ λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆλŠ”μ§€ 물어보고 μ‹Άκ΅¬μš”.
13:04
And β€” I really would ask that β€”
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μ§„μ§œλ‘œ 물어보고 μ‹Άλ„€μš”.
13:07
and then I'd want to know actually what was going on on "Downton Abbey."
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그리고 β€œλ‹€μš΄νŠΌ μ• λΉ„β€μ—μ„œλŠ” μ‹€μ œλ‘œ 무슨 일이 μΌμ–΄λ‚¬λ˜ 건지 μ•Œκ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:10
That'd be the second thing.
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이게 두 번째둜 μ•Œκ³  싢은 κ±°κ΅¬μš”.
13:12
And then the third thing would be,
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λ‹€μŒ μ„Έ λ²ˆμ§ΈλŠ”,
13:14
please show me a sheaf of texts
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16μ‚΄ 여학생듀이 μ“΄ 문자 λ©”μ‹œμ§€λ₯Ό
13:18
written by 16-year-old girls,
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보고 μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄
13:19
because I would want to know where this language
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μ§€κΈˆ ν˜„μž¬μ˜ 문자 λ©”μ‹œμ§€ μ–Έμ–΄κ°€
13:22
had developed since our times,
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μ–΄λ– ν•œ λͺ¨μŠ΅μœΌλ‘œ λ³€ν–ˆλŠ”μ§€ μ•Œκ³  μ‹Άκ±°λ“ μš”.
13:24
and ideally I would then send them back to you and me now
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그리고 ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄, κ·Έ λ©”μ‹œμ§€λ₯Ό μ§€κΈˆμ˜ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ³Ό 제 μžμ‹ μ—κ²Œ λ³΄λ‚΄μ„œ
13:28
so we could examine this linguistic miracle
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μ§€κΈˆ 이 μˆœκ°„ λ°”λ‘œ 우리 ν„± λ°‘μ—μ„œ λ²Œμ–΄μ§€κ³  μžˆλŠ”
13:30
happening right under our noses.
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μ–Έμ–΄μ˜ 기적을 ν•¨κ»˜ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:32
Thank you very much.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:34
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
13:39
Thank you. (Applause)
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ (λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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