Sarah Bergbreiter: Why I make robots the size of a grain of rice

289,707 views ใƒป 2015-01-21

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Ido Dekkers ืžื‘ืงืจ: Tal Dekkers
00:12
My students and I work on very tiny robots.
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ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื•ืื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ืžืžืฉ ื–ืขื™ืจื™ื.
00:16
Now, you can think of these as robotic versions
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืืœื” ื›ื’ืจืกืื•ืช ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื•ืช
00:18
of something that you're all very familiar with: an ant.
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ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืžื•ื›ืจ ืœื›ื•ืœื›ื: ื ืžืœื”.
00:22
We all know that ants and other insects at this size scale
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื ืžืœื™ื ื•ื—ืจืงื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืงื ื” ื”ืžื™ื“ื” ื”ื–ื”
00:24
can do some pretty incredible things.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื.
00:27
We've all seen a group of ants, or some version of that,
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืจืื™ื ื• ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ืžืœื™ื, ืื• ื’ืจืกื” ื›ืœืฉื”ื™ ืฉืœ ื–ื”,
00:30
carting off your potato chip at a picnic, for example.
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ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืฆื™'ืคืก ื‘ืคื™ืงื ื™ืง, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”.
00:34
But what are the real challenges of engineering these ants?
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื”ื ื”ืืชื’ืจื™ื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื“ืกืช ื”ื ืžืœื™ื ื”ืืœื”?
00:37
Well, first of all, how do we get the capabilities of an ant
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉื™ื’ื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ืžืœื”
00:41
in a robot at the same size scale?
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ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืงื ื” ืžื™ื“ื”?
00:43
Well, first we need to figure out how to make them move
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืจืืฉื™ืช ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื”ื ืœื ื•ืข
00:46
when they're so small.
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ื›ืฉื”ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืงื˜ื ื™ื.
00:47
We need mechanisms like legs and efficient motors
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ื•ืžื ื•ืขื™ื ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื
00:50
in order to support that locomotion,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ืชื ื•ืขื” ื”ื–ื•,
00:52
and we need the sensors, power and control
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ืฉื ื™ื, ื›ื•ื— ื•ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”
00:54
in order to pull everything together in a semi-intelligent ant robot.
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ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ื›ืœ ื™ื—ื“ ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ ื ืžืœื” ื—ืฆื™ ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืœื™ื’ื ื˜ื™.
00:58
And finally, to make these things really functional,
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื‘ืืžืช ืคืขื™ืœื™ื,
01:01
we want a lot of them working together in order to do bigger things.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืขื ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
01:05
So I'll start with mobility.
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืชื ื•ืขื”.
01:07
Insects move around amazingly well.
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ื—ืจืงื™ื ื ืขื™ื ืžืžืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘.
01:10
This video is from UC Berkeley.
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ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืžืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื‘ืจืงืœื™.
01:12
It shows a cockroach moving over incredibly rough terrain
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ื”ื•ื ืžืจืื” ืžืงืง ื ืข ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืฉื˜ื— ืžืžืฉ ืงืฉื™ื
01:15
without tipping over,
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ื‘ืœื™ ืœื™ืคื•ืœ,
01:17
and it's able to do this because its legs are a combination of rigid materials,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ืจื’ืœื™ื ืฉืœื• ื”ืŸ ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืงืฉื™ื—ื™ื,
01:21
which is what we traditionally use to make robots,
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ื‘ื”ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื,
01:23
and soft materials.
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ื•ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืจื›ื™ื.
01:26
Jumping is another really interesting way to get around when you're very small.
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ืงืคื™ืฆื” ื”ื™ื ืขื•ื“ ื“ืจืš ืžืžืฉ ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช ืœื”ืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ื›ืฉืืชื ืžืžืฉ ืงื˜ื ื™ื.
01:30
So these insects store energy in a spring and release that really quickly
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ืื– ื”ื—ืจืงื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืื•ื’ืจื™ื ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื‘ืงืคื™ืฅ ื•ืžืฉื—ืจืจื™ื ืื•ืชื” ืžืžืฉ ืžื”ืจ
01:34
to get the high power they need to jump out of water, for example.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ื—ื–ืง ืฉื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงืคื•ืฅ ืžื”ืžื™ื, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”.
01:38
So one of the big contributions from my lab
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ืื– ืื—ืช ื”ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืžื”ืžืขื‘ื“ื” ืฉืœื™
01:41
has been to combine rigid and soft materials
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ื”ื™ืชื” ืœืฉืœื‘ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืงืฉื™ื—ื™ื ื•ืจื›ื™ื
01:44
in very, very small mechanisms.
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ื‘ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ื ืžืžืฉ ืžืžืฉ ืงื˜ื ื™ื.
01:46
So this jumping mechanism is about four millimeters on a side,
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ืื– ื”ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืงื•ืคืฅ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ืจื•ื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืจืš ืืจื‘ืขื” ืžื™ืœื™ืžื˜ืจ,
01:49
so really tiny.
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ืื– ืžืžืฉ ื–ืขื™ืจ.
01:51
The hard material here is silicon, and the soft material is silicone rubber.
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ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ืงืฉื™ื— ืคื” ื”ื•ื ืกื™ืœื™ืงื•ืŸ, ื•ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ืจืš ื”ื•ื ื’ื•ืžื™ ืกื™ืœื™ืงื•ืŸ.
01:55
And the basic idea is that we're going to compress this,
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ื•ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ื“ื—ื•ืก ืืช ื–ื”,
01:57
store energy in the springs, and then release it to jump.
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ื ืื’ื•ืจ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื‘ืงืคื™ืฆื™ื, ื•ืื– ื ืฉื—ืจืจ ืื•ืชื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงืคื•ืฅ.
02:00
So there's no motors on board this right now, no power.
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ืื– ืื™ืŸ ืžื ื•ืขื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ื›ืจื’ืข, ืื™ืŸ ื›ื•ื—.
02:04
This is actuated with a method that we call in my lab
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ื–ื” ืžื•ื ืข ืœืžืขืฉื” ืขื ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืฉื ืงืจืืช ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ื” ืฉืœื ื•
02:06
"graduate student with tweezers." (Laughter)
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"ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ ืœืชื•ืืจ ืฉื ื™ ืขื ืžืœืงื—ื™ื™ื." (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:09
So what you'll see in the next video
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ืื– ืžื” ืฉืชืจืื• ื‘ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื
02:11
is this guy doing amazingly well for its jumps.
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ื–ื” ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืžืฆืœื™ื— ืžืžืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ืงืคื™ืฆื•ืช ืฉืœื•.
02:14
So this is Aaron, the graduate student in question, with the tweezers,
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ืื– ื–ื” ืืจื•ืŸ, ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ ืœืชื•ืืจ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ, ืขื ืžืœืงื—ื™ื™ื,
02:17
and what you see is this four-millimeter-sized mechanism
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ื–ื” ืืช ื”ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืจืš ืืจื‘ืขื” ืžื™ืœื™ืžื˜ืจ ืคื”
02:20
jumping almost 40 centimeters high.
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ืงื•ืคืฅ ืœื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื›ืžืขื˜ 40 ืกื ื˜ื™ืžื˜ืจ.
02:22
That's almost 100 times its own length.
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ื–ื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ืคื™ 100 ืžื”ืื•ืจืš ืฉืœื•.
02:25
And it survives, bounces on the table,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืจื“, ืงื•ืคืฅ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ,
02:27
it's incredibly robust, and of course survives quite well until we lose it
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ื”ื•ื ืžืื•ื“ ืขืžื™ื“, ื•ื›ืžื‘ืŸ ืฉืจื“ ืžืžืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืขื“ ืฉืื™ื‘ื“ื ื• ืื•ืชื•
02:30
because it's very tiny.
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื–ืขื™ืจ.
02:33
Ultimately, though, we want to add motors to this too,
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ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœื–ื” ื’ื ืžื ื•ืขื™ื,
02:35
and we have students in the lab working on millimeter-sized motors
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ื” ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืžื ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืžื™ืœื™ืžื˜ืจ
02:39
to eventually integrate onto small, autonomous robots.
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ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืœืฉืœื‘ ืœืชื•ืš ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ื–ืขื™ืจื™ื ืื•ื˜ื•ื ื•ืžื™ื.
02:42
But in order to look at mobility and locomotion at this size scale to start,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ืชื ื•ืขืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืชื ื•ืขื” ื‘ืงื ื” ื”ืžื™ื“ื” ื”ื–ื”,
02:46
we're cheating and using magnets.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืจืžื™ื ื•ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื’ื ื˜ื™ื.
02:48
So this shows what would eventually be part of a micro-robot leg,
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ืื– ื–ื” ืžืจืื” ืžื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื—ืœืง ืžืจื’ืœ ืฉืœ ืžื™ืงืจื• ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜.
02:51
and you can see the silicone rubber joints
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืžืคืจืงื™ ื’ื•ืžื™ ื”ืกื™ืœื™ืงื•ืŸ
02:53
and there's an embedded magnet that's being moved around
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืžื’ื ื˜ ืžื•ื˜ืžืข ืฉื ืข
02:55
by an external magnetic field.
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื“ื” ืžื’ื ื˜ื™ ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™.
02:58
So this leads to the robot that I showed you earlier.
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ืื– ื–ื” ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ ืฉื”ืจืืชื™ ืœื›ื ืžื•ืงื“ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
03:01
The really interesting thing that this robot can help us figure out
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ืืžืช ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ ื”ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ
03:05
is how insects move at this scale.
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ื–ื” ืื™ืš ื—ืจืงื™ื ื ืขื™ื ื‘ืงื ื” ื”ืžื™ื“ื” ื”ื–ื”.
03:07
We have a really good model for how everything
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžื•ื“ืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืื™ืš ื”ื›ืœ
03:09
from a cockroach up to an elephant moves.
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ืžืžืงืงื™ื ืขืœ ืœืคื™ืœื™ื ื ืขื™ื.
03:11
We all move in this kind of bouncy way when we run.
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื ืขื™ื ื‘ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื“ืจืš ืงื•ืคืฆื ื™ืช ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจืฆื™ื.
03:14
But when I'm really small, the forces between my feet and the ground
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืžืžืฉ ืงื˜ืŸ, ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื•ื”ืงืจืงืข
03:18
are going to affect my locomotion a lot more than my mass,
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ื™ืฉืคื™ืขื• ืขืœ ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืžืืกื” ืฉืœื™,
03:21
which is what causes that bouncy motion.
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ืฉื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื’ื•ืจื ืœืชื ื•ืขื” ื”ืงื•ืคืฆื ื™ืช.
03:23
So this guy doesn't work quite yet,
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ืื– ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืœื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ,
03:25
but we do have slightly larger versions that do run around.
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื’ืจืกื” ืžืขื˜ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื›ืŸ ืžืชืจื•ืฆืฆืช.
03:28
So this is about a centimeter cubed, a centimeter on a side, so very tiny,
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ืื– ื–ื• ื‘ืขืจืš ืกื ื˜ื™ืžื˜ืจ ืžืจื•ื‘ืข, ืกื ื˜ื™ืžื˜ืจ ื‘ืฆื“, ืื– ืžืื•ื“ ืงื˜ื ื”,
03:32
and we've gotten this to run about 10 body lengths per second,
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ื•ื’ืจืžื ื• ืœื” ืœืจื•ืฅ ื‘ืขืจืš 10 ืื•ืจื›ื™ ื’ื•ืฃ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื”,
03:35
so 10 centimeters per second.
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ืื– 10 ืกื ื˜ื™ืžื˜ืจ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื”.
03:36
It's pretty quick for a little, small guy,
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ื–ื” ื“ื™ ืžื”ื™ืจ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืงื˜ืŸ,
03:38
and that's really only limited by our test setup.
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ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ ืจืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื•ื“ ื”ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ืฉืœื ื•.
03:40
But this gives you some idea of how it works right now.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื›ื ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ืื™ืš ื”ื•ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
03:44
We can also make 3D-printed versions of this that can climb over obstacles,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื’ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื’ืจืกืื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืคืกื•ืช ื‘ืชืœืช ืžื™ืžื“ ืฉืœ ื–ื” ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื˜ืคืก ืขืœ ืžื›ืฉื•ืœื™ื,
03:47
a lot like the cockroach that you saw earlier.
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ืžืžืฉ ื›ืžื• ื”ืžืงืงื™ื ืฉืจืื™ืชื ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ.
03:51
But ultimately we want to add everything onboard the robot.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื”ื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜.
03:54
We want sensing, power, control, actuation all together,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ื—ื™ืฉื”, ื›ื•ื—, ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”, ื•ืคืขื•ืœื” ื›ื•ืœื ื™ื—ื“,
03:57
and not everything needs to be bio-inspired.
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ื•ืœื ื”ื›ืœ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ืฉืจืื” ืžื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”.
04:00
So this robot's about the size of a Tic Tac.
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ืื– ื”ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืจืš ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ืง ื˜ืง.
04:03
And in this case, instead of magnets or muscles to move this around,
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ื•ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื–ื”, ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžื’ื ื˜ื™ื ืื• ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ื•ืข,
04:07
we use rockets.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื˜ื™ืœื™ื.
04:10
So this is a micro-fabricated energetic material,
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ืื– ื–ื” ื—ื•ืžืจ ืื ืจื’ื˜ื™ ื‘ืžื™ืงืจื• ื™ืฆื•ืจ,
04:12
and we can create tiny pixels of this,
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืคื™ืงืกืœื™ื ื–ืขื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื–ื”,
04:15
and we can put one of these pixels on the belly of this robot,
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ืืช ืื—ื“ ื”ืคื™ืงืกืœื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืขืœ ื‘ื˜ืŸ ื”ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜,
04:19
and this robot, then, is going to jump when it senses an increase in light.
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ื•ื”ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ ื”ื–ื”, ืื–, ื™ืงืคื•ืฅ ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ืฉ ื”ืชื’ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืจ.
04:24
So the next video is one of my favorites.
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ืื– ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™.
04:26
So you have this 300-milligram robot
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ื™ืฉ ื™ืฉ ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ ืฉืฉื•ืงืœ 300 ืžื™ืœื™ื’ืจื
04:29
jumping about eight centimeters in the air.
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ืงื•ืคืฅ ืœื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืจืš ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืกื ื˜ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ื,
04:32
It's only four by four by seven millimeters in size.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ืจืง ืืจื‘ืขื” ืขืœ ืืจื‘ืขื” ืขืœ ืฉื‘ืขื” ืžื™ืœื™ืžื˜ืจื™ื.
04:34
And you'll see a big flash at the beginning
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ื•ืืชื ืชืจืื• ืคืœืืฉ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื”
04:37
when the energetic is set off,
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ื›ืฉื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืžืชืคืจืฆืช,
04:38
and the robot tumbling through the air.
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ื•ื”ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ื‘ืื•ื™ืจ.
04:40
So there was that big flash,
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ืื– ื”ื ื” ื”ืคืœืืฉ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื–ื”,
04:42
and you can see the robot jumping up through the air.
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ ืงื•ืคืฅ ื‘ืื•ื™ืจ.
04:45
So there's no tethers on this, no wires connecting to this.
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ืื– ืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื˜ื™ื ืขืœื™ื•, ืœืœื ื—ื•ื˜ื™ื ืฉืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื•.
04:48
Everything is onboard, and it jumped in response
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ื”ื›ืœ ืขืœื™ื•, ื•ื”ื•ื ืงื•ืคืฅ ื›ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”
04:50
to the student just flicking on a desk lamp next to it.
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ืœืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ ืฉืจืง ืžื“ืœื™ืง ืžื ื•ืจืช ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืœื™ื“ื•.
04:55
So I think you can imagine all the cool things that we could do
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ืื– ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžื’ื ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช
04:58
with robots that can run and crawl and jump and roll at this size scale.
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ืขื ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื ืœืจื•ืฅ ื•ืœื–ื—ื•ืœ ื•ืœืงืคื•ืฅ ื•ืœื”ืชื’ืœื’ืœ ื‘ืงื ื” ืžื™ื“ื” ื›ื–ื”.
05:03
Imagine the rubble that you get after a natural disaster like an earthquake.
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ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืืชื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ืืกื•ืŸ ื˜ื‘ืข ื›ืžื• ืจืขื™ื“ืช ืื“ืžื”.
05:07
Imagine these small robots running through that rubble
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ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ื”ื–ืขื™ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืจืฆื™ื ื“ืจืš ื”ื”ืจื™ืกื•ืช
05:09
to look for survivors.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืคืฉ ื ื™ืฆื•ืœื™ื.
05:12
Or imagine a lot of small robots running around a bridge
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ืื• ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืจืฆื™ื ืขืœ ื’ืฉืจ
05:15
in order to inspect it and make sure it's safe
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ื•ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—
05:17
so you don't get collapses like this,
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ื›ืš ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื›ื ื”ืชืžื•ื˜ื˜ื•ื™ื•ืช ื›ืืœื”,
05:19
which happened outside of Minneapolis in 2007.
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ืฉื”ืชืจื—ืฉื” ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืžื™ื ื™ืืคื•ืœื™ืก ื‘ 2007,
05:23
Or just imagine what you could do
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ืื• ืจืง ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืžื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช
05:24
if you had robots that could swim through your blood.
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ืื ื”ื™ื” ืœื›ื ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉื—ื•ืช ื“ืจืš ื”ื“ื ืฉืœื›ื.
05:27
Right? "Fantastic Voyage," Isaac Asimov.
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ื ื›ื•ืŸ? "ื”ืžืกืข ื”ืžื•ืคืœื," ืื™ื™ื–ืง ืืกื™ืžื•ื‘.
05:29
Or they could operate without having to cut you open in the first place.
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ืื• ืฉื”ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื ืชื— ื‘ืœื™ ืœื—ืชื•ืš ืืชื›ื ืžื”ืชื—ืœื”.
05:34
Or we could radically change the way we build things
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ืื• ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืจื“ื™ืงืœื™ ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื
05:36
if we have our tiny robots work the same way that termites do,
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ืื ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ื”ื–ืขื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืฉื™ืขื‘ื“ื• ื›ืžื• ื˜ืจืžื™ื˜ื™ื,
05:40
and they build these incredible eight-meter-high mounds,
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ื•ื”ื ื™ื‘ื ื• ืืช ื”ืชืœื™ื ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ืž ื”ืืœื” ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืžื˜ืจื™ื,
05:43
effectively well ventilated apartment buildings for other termites
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืžืื•ื•ืจืจื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืœื˜ืจืžื™ื˜ื™ื
05:47
in Africa and Australia.
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ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื•ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื”.
05:49
So I think I've given you some of the possibilities
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ืื– ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื ืชืชื™ ืœื›ื ื›ืžื” ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช
05:51
of what we can do with these small robots.
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ืœืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื ื”ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
05:54
And we've made some advances so far, but there's still a long way to go,
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ื•ืขืฉื™ื ื• ื›ืžื” ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ื“ืจืš ืืจื•ื›ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ,
05:58
and hopefully some of you can contribute to that destination.
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ื•ื‘ืชืงื•ื•ื” ื›ืžื” ืžื›ื ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืชืจื•ื ืœื™ืขื“ ื”ื–ื”.
06:01
Thanks very much.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื.
06:03
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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