Sarah Bergbreiter: Why I make robots the size of a grain of rice

289,118 views ใƒป 2015-01-21

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Jihyeon J. Kim ๊ฒ€ํ† : JongEok Yang
00:12
My students and I work on very tiny robots.
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์ €์™€ ์ œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ์ดˆ์†Œํ˜• ๋กœ๋ด‡์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:16
Now, you can think of these as robotic versions
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ์นœ์ˆ™ํ•œ
00:18
of something that you're all very familiar with: an ant.
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๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋กœ๋ด‡์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณค์ถฉ๋“ค์ด ์ด ์ •๋„ ํฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ
00:22
We all know that ants and other insects at this size scale
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00:24
can do some pretty incredible things.
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๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:27
We've all seen a group of ants, or some version of that,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๋–ผ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ณค์ถฉ์ด
00:30
carting off your potato chip at a picnic, for example.
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๊ฐ€๋ น ์†Œํ’์—์„œ ๊ฐ์ž์นฉ์„ ๋“ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ณธ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:34
But what are the real challenges of engineering these ants?
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๋•Œ ์‹ค์ œ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
00:37
Well, first of all, how do we get the capabilities of an ant
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๋จผ์ € ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ™์€ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋กœ๋ด‡์—์„œ
00:41
in a robot at the same size scale?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
00:43
Well, first we need to figure out how to make them move
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์šฐ์„ ์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์€ ๋ฐ๋„
์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์›€์ง์ด๊ฒŒ ํ• ์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:46
when they're so small.
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00:47
We need mechanisms like legs and efficient motors
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ด๋™๋ ฅ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋‚˜
ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ๋ชจํ„ฐ๊ฐ™์€ ์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:50
in order to support that locomotion,
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00:52
and we need the sensors, power and control
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐ˜์ง€๋Šฅ์ ์ธ ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์›€์ง์ด๋„๋ก
00:54
in order to pull everything together in a semi-intelligent ant robot.
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์„ผ์„œ, ๋™๋ ฅ, ํ†ต์ œ๋ ฅ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:58
And finally, to make these things really functional,
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
01:01
we want a lot of them working together in order to do bigger things.
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์ข€๋” ํฐ ์ผ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:05
So I'll start with mobility.
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์ด๋™์„ฑ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:07
Insects move around amazingly well.
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๊ณค์ถฉ์€ ๋†€๋ž๊ฒŒ ์ž˜ ์›€์ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:10
This video is from UC Berkeley.
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UC๋ฒ„ํด๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์˜จ ์˜์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:12
It shows a cockroach moving over incredibly rough terrain
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๋ฐ”ํ€ด๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ๊ฐ€ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฑฐ์นœ ์ง€ํ˜•์„ ๋„˜์–ด์ง€์ง€๋„ ์•Š๊ณ  ์›€์ง์ด์ฃ .
01:15
without tipping over,
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01:17
and it's able to do this because its legs are a combination of rigid materials,
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํŠผํŠผํ•œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
01:21
which is what we traditionally use to make robots,
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ํ†ต์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋กœ๋ด‡๊ณผ ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:23
and soft materials.
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01:26
Jumping is another really interesting way to get around when you're very small.
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๋„์•ฝํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ชธ์ง‘์ด ์ž‘์„ ๋•Œ ์›€์ง์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:30
So these insects store energy in a spring and release that really quickly
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์ด ๊ณค์ถฉ๋“ค์€ ์Šคํ”„๋ง์— ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์œผ๊ณ  ์•„์ฃผ ์žฌ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ํ•ด๋ฐฉ์‹œ์ผœ
01:34
to get the high power they need to jump out of water, for example.
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๊ฐ€๋ น ๋ฌผ ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋„๋ก ๋„์•ฝํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋†’์€ ํž˜์„ ์–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:38
So one of the big contributions from my lab
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์ œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค์—์„œ ์–ป์€ ํฐ ์„ฑ๊ณผ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€
01:41
has been to combine rigid and soft materials
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๊ฒฌ๊ณ ํ•œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๊ณผ ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„
01:44
in very, very small mechanisms.
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๊ทนํžˆ ์ž‘์€ ์žฅ์น˜๋กœ ์กฐํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
So this jumping mechanism is about four millimeters on a side,
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์ด ๋„์•ฝ ์žฅ์น˜๋Š” ํ•œ ์ชฝ์ด 4 ๋ฐ€๋ฆฌ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ์ž‘์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:49
so really tiny.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋”ฑ๋”ฑํ•œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์€ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜์ด๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜ ๊ณ ๋ฌด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:51
The hard material here is silicon, and the soft material is silicone rubber.
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01:55
And the basic idea is that we're going to compress this,
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์›๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์••์ถ•ํ•ด์„œ
01:57
store energy in the springs, and then release it to jump.
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์Šคํ”„๋ง์— ๋ชจ์œผ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์— ๋„์•ฝํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋†“๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:00
So there's no motors on board this right now, no power.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋ชจํ„ฐ๋‚˜ ๋™๋ ฅ์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:04
This is actuated with a method that we call in my lab
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์ด ํ–‰๋™์€ ์ œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค์—์„œ
02:06
"graduate student with tweezers." (Laughter)
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"ํ•€์…‹์„ ๋“  ๋Œ€ํ•™์›์ƒ"์ด ๊ฐ€๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.(์›ƒ์Œ)
02:09
So what you'll see in the next video
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๋‹ค์Œ ์˜์ƒ์—์„œ ๋ณด์‹ค ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ, ์ด ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ์ž˜ ๋œ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:11
is this guy doing amazingly well for its jumps.
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02:14
So this is Aaron, the graduate student in question, with the tweezers,
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ํ•€์…‹์„ ๋“  ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ๋Œ€ํ•™์›์ƒ์ธ ์•„๋ก ์ธ๋ฐ์š”
02:17
and what you see is this four-millimeter-sized mechanism
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” 4๋ฐ€๋ฆฌ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€
02:20
jumping almost 40 centimeters high.
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๊ฑฐ์˜ 40 ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ๋†’์ด๋ฅผ ๋œ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ž๊ธฐ ๊ธธ์ด์˜ 100๋ฐฐ์ฃ .
02:22
That's almost 100 times its own length.
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02:25
And it survives, bounces on the table,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋„ ๋„๋–ก์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํƒ์ž์—์„œ ํŠ•๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:27
it's incredibly robust, and of course survives quite well until we lose it
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํŠผํŠผํ•ด์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„์‹คํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ๋งค์šฐ ์ž˜ ๊ฒฌ๋”ฅ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:30
because it's very tiny.
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ž‘์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”. (์›ƒ์Œ)
02:33
Ultimately, though, we want to add motors to this too,
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๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋ชจํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:35
and we have students in the lab working on millimeter-sized motors
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์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ๋กœ๋ด‡์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
02:39
to eventually integrate onto small, autonomous robots.
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค์— ๋ฐ€๋ฆฌ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ชจํ„ฐ ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:42
But in order to look at mobility and locomotion at this size scale to start,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์—์„œ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ์ด๋™์„ฑ์„ ์‚ดํŽด ๋ณด๋ ค๋ฉด
02:46
we're cheating and using magnets.
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์ž์„์˜ ํž˜์„ ์—ญ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:48
So this shows what would eventually be part of a micro-robot leg,
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์ดˆ์†Œํ˜• ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์–ด๋–ค์ง€ ๋ณด์ด์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:51
and you can see the silicone rubber joints
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์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜ ๊ณ ๋ฌด ๊ด€์ ˆ์ด ๋ณด์ด์‹œ์ฃ .
02:53
and there's an embedded magnet that's being moved around
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋‚ด์žฅ๋œ ์ž์„์ด ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์ž๊ธฐ์žฅ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์›€์ง์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:55
by an external magnetic field.
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02:58
So this leads to the robot that I showed you earlier.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋จผ์ € ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฐ ๋กœ๋ด‡์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:01
The really interesting thing that this robot can help us figure out
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์ด ๋กœ๋ด‡์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๋Š” ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์€
03:05
is how insects move at this scale.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์—์„œ ๊ณค์ถฉ์ด ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์•Œ๋„๋ก ๋•์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:07
We have a really good model for how everything
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๋ฐ”ํ€ด๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ์—์„œ ์ฝ”๋ผ๋ฆฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š”์ง€
03:09
from a cockroach up to an elephant moves.
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๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๋ชจํ˜•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
We all move in this kind of bouncy way when we run.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋›ธ ๋•Œ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ํ†ตํ†ต ํŠ€๋ฉด์„œ ์›€์ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:14
But when I'm really small, the forces between my feet and the ground
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ž‘๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ œ ๋ฐœ๊ณผ ๋•… ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ํž˜์ด
03:18
are going to affect my locomotion a lot more than my mass,
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์ œ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰๋ณด๋‹ค ๋”์šฑ ์ด๋™์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:21
which is what causes that bouncy motion.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ํŠ€๋Š” ์›€์ง์ž„์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค์ฃ .
03:23
So this guy doesn't work quite yet,
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์ด ์นœ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ž˜ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
03:25
but we do have slightly larger versions that do run around.
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๋›ฐ์–ด ๋Œ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ํฐ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:28
So this is about a centimeter cubed, a centimeter on a side, so very tiny,
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ํ•œ ๋ณ€์ด 1์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์ธ ์•ฝ 1์ž…๋ฐฉ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ์ •๋„๋กœ
ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ž‘์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
and we've gotten this to run about 10 body lengths per second,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ 1์ดˆ์— 10๋ชธ ๊ธธ์ด๋งŒํผ ๋›ฐ๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:35
so 10 centimeters per second.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ดˆ๋‹น 10์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
03:36
It's pretty quick for a little, small guy,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์€ ์นœ๊ตฌ์—๊ฒ ๋ฌด์ฒ™ ๋น ๋ฅธ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:38
and that's really only limited by our test setup.
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์ด๊ฑด ์ œํ•œ์ ์ธ ์‹œํ—˜ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ด๊ณ ์š”.
03:40
But this gives you some idea of how it works right now.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
3D ํ”„๋ฆฐํŠธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ๋„ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์„œ ์•ž์„œ ๋ณด์‹  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐ”ํ€ด๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ๊ฐ™์ด
03:44
We can also make 3D-printed versions of this that can climb over obstacles,
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03:47
a lot like the cockroach that you saw earlier.
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์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ๋„ ๋„˜์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:51
But ultimately we want to add everything onboard the robot.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ํƒ‘์žฌ๋œ ๋กœ๋ด‡์„ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:54
We want sensing, power, control, actuation all together,
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๊ฐ์ง€, ๋™๋ ฅ, ํ†ต์ œ, ์›€์ง์ž„ ์ „๋ถ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:57
and not everything needs to be bio-inspired.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ƒ์ฒด์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋  ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:00
So this robot's about the size of a Tic Tac.
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์ด ๋กœ๋ด‡์€ ํ‹ฑํƒ์‚ฌํƒ• ์ •๋„์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:03
And in this case, instead of magnets or muscles to move this around,
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์›€์ง์ž„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ž์„์ด๋‚˜ ๊ทผ์œก๋Œ€์‹ ์—
04:07
we use rockets.
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๋กœ์ผ“์„ ์”๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:10
So this is a micro-fabricated energetic material,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ดˆ์†Œํ˜•์˜ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:12
and we can create tiny pixels of this,
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๋งค์šฐ ์ž‘์€ ํ™”์†Œ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:15
and we can put one of these pixels on the belly of this robot,
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์ด ํ™”์†Œ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋กœ๋ด‡ ๋ฐฐ ์œ„์— ๋‘๋ฉด
04:19
and this robot, then, is going to jump when it senses an increase in light.
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๋น›์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋„์•ฝ์„ ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:24
So the next video is one of my favorites.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์˜์ƒ์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
04:26
So you have this 300-milligram robot
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300๋ฐ€๋ฆฌ๊ทธ๋žจ ๋กœ๋ด‡์ด
04:29
jumping about eight centimeters in the air.
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๊ณต์ค‘์—์„œ 8์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋œ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:32
It's only four by four by seven millimeters in size.
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ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒจ์šฐ 7๋ฐ€๋ฆฌ๋ฏธํ„ฐ 4๋ฅœ๊ตฌ๋™ ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
04:34
And you'll see a big flash at the beginning
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๋™๋ ฅ์ด ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๋Š” ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์— ํฐ ๋ฒˆ์ฉ์ž„์„ ๋ณด์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:37
when the energetic is set off,
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04:38
and the robot tumbling through the air.
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๋กœ๋ด‡์ด ๊ณต์ค‘์—์„œ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:40
So there was that big flash,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฒˆ์ฉ์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ
04:42
and you can see the robot jumping up through the air.
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๊ณต์ค‘์œผ๋กœ ๋กœ๋ด‡์ด ๋„์•ฝํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:45
So there's no tethers on this, no wires connecting to this.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—” ํ•œ๊ณ„ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋„ ์—†๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ์ค„๋„ ์—†๊ณ ,
04:48
Everything is onboard, and it jumped in response
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒŒ ํƒ‘์žฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
์˜†์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฑ…์ƒ ๋ถˆ๋น›์„ ์ผœ๋ฉด ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋œ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:50
to the student just flicking on a desk lamp next to it.
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04:55
So I think you can imagine all the cool things that we could do
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์•„๋งˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋›ฐ๊ณ , ๊ธฐ๊ณ ,
04:58
with robots that can run and crawl and jump and roll at this size scale.
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๋„์•ฝํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ตฌ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋กœ๋ด‡๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์˜จ๊ฐ– ์‹ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ฒ ๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
05:03
Imagine the rubble that you get after a natural disaster like an earthquake.
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์ง€์ง„๊ฐ™์€ ์ž์—ฐ์žฌํ•ด ํ›„์— ์ž”ํ•ด๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
05:07
Imagine these small robots running through that rubble
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์ด ์ž‘์€ ๋กœ๋ด‡๋“ค์ด ์ƒ์กด์ž๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
05:09
to look for survivors.
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๊ทธ ์ž”ํ•ด ์†์„ ๋Œ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:12
Or imagine a lot of small robots running around a bridge
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๊ต๋Ÿ‰์ด ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ์ง€ ์ด ๋กœ๋ด‡์ด ๋Œ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋ฉด์„œ
05:15
in order to inspect it and make sure it's safe
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๊ฒ€์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
05:17
so you don't get collapses like this,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ถ•๊ดด์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:19
which happened outside of Minneapolis in 2007.
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๋ฏธ๋„คํด๋ฆฌ์Šค ์™ธ๊ณฝ์—์„œ 2007๋…„์— ๋ฒŒ์–ด์กŒ์ฃ .
05:23
Or just imagine what you could do
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ํ˜ˆ์•ก ์†์„ ๋Œ์•„ ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š”
05:24
if you had robots that could swim through your blood.
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๋กœ๋ด‡์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ.
05:27
Right? "Fantastic Voyage," Isaac Asimov.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ? ์•„์ด์ž‘ ์•„์‹œ๋ชจํ”„์˜ "ํ™˜์ƒ์ ์ธ ์—ฌํ–‰"์ธ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:29
Or they could operate without having to cut you open in the first place.
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์•„์˜ˆ ์ ˆ๊ฐœ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์„ ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์ฃ .
05:34
Or we could radically change the way we build things
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๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ํ˜์‹ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:36
if we have our tiny robots work the same way that termites do,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ํฐ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ž‘์—…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ๋กœ๋ด‡์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
05:40
and they build these incredible eight-meter-high mounds,
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8๋ฏธํ„ฐ์งœ๋ฆฌ ๋‘”๋•์„ ์ง€์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
05:43
effectively well ventilated apartment buildings for other termites
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋‚˜ ํ˜ธ์ฃผ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ํฐ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ†ตํ’์ด ์ž˜ ๋˜๋Š”
05:47
in Africa and Australia.
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์•„ํŒŒํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ง“๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
05:49
So I think I've given you some of the possibilities
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์ด ์†Œํ˜•๋กœ๋ด‡์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๋“ค์„
05:51
of what we can do with these small robots.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ ธ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
05:54
And we've made some advances so far, but there's still a long way to go,
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๊ฐˆ ๊ธธ์ด ๋ฉ€๊ธด ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•ด ์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:58
and hopefully some of you can contribute to that destination.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ๊ทธ ์ตœ์ข…์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ๊ณตํ—Œํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:01
Thanks very much.
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๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)(ํ™˜ํ˜ธ)
06:03
(Applause)
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์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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