Sarah Bergbreiter: Why I make robots the size of a grain of rice

Prevoditelj: Ivan Stamenković Recezent: Mislav Ante Omazić - EFZG

My students and I work on very tiny robots.

Moji studenti i ja radimo na jako malim robotima.

Now, you can think of these as robotic versions

Sada, možete gledati na njih kao robotske verzije

of something that you're all very familiar with: an ant.

nečega što vam je vrlo poznato: mrav.

We all know that ants and other insects at this size scale

Svi znamo da mravi i drugi insekti ove veličine

can do some pretty incredible things.

mogu učiniti neke poprilično nevjerojatne stvari.

We've all seen a group of ants, or some version of that,

Svi smo vidjeli grupu mrava, ili neku verziju toga,

carting off your potato chip at a picnic, for example.

kako odnose komad čipsa na pikniku, na primjer.

But what are the real challenges of engineering these ants?

Ali što su pravi izazovi u izradi ovakvih mrava?

Well, first of all, how do we get the capabilities of an ant

Prvo, kako sposobnosti jednog mrava

in a robot at the same size scale?

ubaciti u robota iste veličine?

Well, first we need to figure out how to make them move

Pa, prvo moramo utvrditi kako ih pokretati

when they're so small.

kada su tako mali.

We need mechanisms like legs and efficient motors

Trebamo mehanizme poput nogu, i učinkovite motore

in order to support that locomotion,

kako bismo podržali to kretanje,

and we need the sensors, power and control

i trebamo senzore, napajanje i kontrolu

in order to pull everything together in a semi-intelligent ant robot.

kako bismo sve povezali u poluinteligentnog mrava robota.

And finally, to make these things really functional,

I konačno, kako bi te stvari postale upotrebljive,

we want a lot of them working together in order to do bigger things.

želimo ih imati puno kako bi činile veće stvari.

So I'll start with mobility.

Počet ću s pokretljivošću.

Insects move around amazingly well.

Insekti se kreću začuđujuće dobro.

This video is from UC Berkeley.

Ovo je video sa sveučilišta Berkeley.

It shows a cockroach moving over incredibly rough terrain

Prikazuje žohara koji se kreće preko nevjerojatno teškog terena

without tipping over,

bez da se prevrne,

and it's able to do this because its legs are a combination of rigid materials,

i to može učiniti jer su njegove noge kombinacija krutih materijala,

which is what we traditionally use to make robots,

koje tradicionalno koristimo za izradu robota,

and soft materials.

i mekih materijala.

Jumping is another really interesting way to get around when you're very small.

Skakanje je još jedan zanimljiv način kretanja kada si malen.

So these insects store energy in a spring and release that really quickly

Ovi insekti spremaju energiju u oprugu i otpuštaju je vrlo brzo

to get the high power they need to jump out of water, for example.

kako bi dobili veliku snagu da iskoče iz vode, na primjer.

So one of the big contributions from my lab

Jedan od velikih doprinosa iz mog laboratorija

has been to combine rigid and soft materials

je bilo kombiniranje krutih i mekih materijala

in very, very small mechanisms.

u vrlo, vrlo male mehanizme.

So this jumping mechanism is about four millimeters on a side,

Ovaj mehanizam za skakanje je 4 milimetra velik,

so really tiny.

dakle vrlo malen.

The hard material here is silicon, and the soft material is silicone rubber.

Tvrdi materijal ovdje je silikon, a meki je silikonska guma.

And the basic idea is that we're going to compress this,

I osnovna ideja je da ćemo ovo komprimirati,

store energy in the springs, and then release it to jump.

pohraniti energiju u opruge, i onda ju otpustiti kako bi skočio.

So there's no motors on board this right now, no power.

Nema motora u ovom trenutku, nema snage.

This is actuated with a method that we call in my lab

Ovo potičemo s metodom koju u mom labosu zovemo

"graduate student with tweezers." (Laughter)

"diplomac sa pincetom." (Smijeh)

So what you'll see in the next video

Ono što ćete vidjeti u sljedećm videu

is this guy doing amazingly well for its jumps.

jest kako ovaj mali iznimno dobro skače.

So this is Aaron, the graduate student in question, with the tweezers,

Ovo je Aaron, spomenuti diplomac, sa pincetom,

and what you see is this four-millimeter-sized mechanism

i ono što vidite je ovaj mehanizam od 4 milimetra

jumping almost 40 centimeters high.

kako skače gotovo 40 centimetara.

That's almost 100 times its own length.

To je gotovo stotinu puta njegova dužina.

And it survives, bounces on the table,

I preživi, odskakuje od stola,

it's incredibly robust, and of course survives quite well until we lose it

iznimno je otporan, i naravno preživljava vrlo dobro dok ga ne izgubimo

because it's very tiny.

jer je vrlo malen.

Ultimately, though, we want to add motors to this too,

U konačnici, ipak, želimo dodati i motore ovome,

and we have students in the lab working on millimeter-sized motors

i imamo studente u labosu koji rade na motorima veličine milimetra

to eventually integrate onto small, autonomous robots.

kako bi se s vremenom integrirali na malene, autonomne robote.

But in order to look at mobility and locomotion at this size scale to start,

Ali da bismo vidjeli mobilnost i kretanje u ovoj veličini u početku,

we're cheating and using magnets.

varamo i koristimo magnete.

So this shows what would eventually be part of a micro-robot leg,

Ovo pokazuje što će s vremenom biti dio mikro-robotske noge,

and you can see the silicone rubber joints

i možete vidjeti silikonske gumene zglobove

and there's an embedded magnet that's being moved around

i tu je ugrađeni magnet koji se pomiče uokolo

by an external magnetic field.

uz pomoć magnetskog polja.

So this leads to the robot that I showed you earlier.

Tako da ovo vodi do robota kojeg sam vam pokazala ranije.

The really interesting thing that this robot can help us figure out

Stvarno zanimljiva stvar je da nam taj robot može pomoći shvatiti

is how insects move at this scale.

kako se insekti kreću na ovoj veličini.

We have a really good model for how everything

Imamo dobar model kako se kreće sve

from a cockroach up to an elephant moves.

od žohara do slona.

We all move in this kind of bouncy way when we run.

Svi se krećemo na ovaj nekako skakutavi način kada trčimo.

But when I'm really small, the forces between my feet and the ground

Ali kada sam stvarno malen, sile između mojih nogu i tla

are going to affect my locomotion a lot more than my mass,

utjecat će na moje kretanje puno više od moje mase,

which is what causes that bouncy motion.

što uzrokuje to skakutavo kretanje.

So this guy doesn't work quite yet,

Tako da taj robot još ne radi,

but we do have slightly larger versions that do run around.

ali imamo malo veće verzije koje trče uokolo.

So this is about a centimeter cubed, a centimeter on a side, so very tiny,

To je centimater kubni, centimetar na svakoj strani, dakle vrlo maleno,

and we've gotten this to run about 10 body lengths per second,

i postigli smo da trči otprilike 10 tjelesnih dužina u sekundi,

so 10 centimeters per second.

dakle 10 centimetara u sekundi.

It's pretty quick for a little, small guy,

To je prilično brzo za malog momka,

and that's really only limited by our test setup.

i to je limitirano postavkama našeg testa.

But this gives you some idea of how it works right now.

Ali to vam daje ideju kako to sada radi.

We can also make 3D-printed versions of this that can climb over obstacles,

Možemo raditi i 3D printane verzije koje se mogu penjati preko prepreka,

a lot like the cockroach that you saw earlier.

slično kao žohar kojeg ste vidjeli ranije.

But ultimately we want to add everything onboard the robot.

Ali u konačnici želimo dodati sve na robota.

We want sensing, power, control, actuation all together,

Želimo opažanje, snagu, kontrolu, pokretanje, sve zajedno,

and not everything needs to be bio-inspired.

i ne mora sve biti bio inspirirano.

So this robot's about the size of a Tic Tac.

Ovaj robot je veličine Tic Taca.

And in this case, instead of magnets or muscles to move this around,

I u ovom slučaju, umjesto magneta ili mišića za kretanje,

we use rockets.

koristimo rakete.

So this is a micro-fabricated energetic material,

Ovo je mikro-konstruirani energetski materijal,

and we can create tiny pixels of this,

i možemo stvoriti malene piksele od ovoga,

and we can put one of these pixels on the belly of this robot,

i možemo staviti jedan od tih piksela na trbuh robota,

and this robot, then, is going to jump when it senses an increase in light.

i ovaj robot, će potom, skočliti kada osjeti promjenu u svjetlosti.

So the next video is one of my favorites.

Sljedeći video mi je jedan od najdražih.

So you have this 300-milligram robot

Imate 300-miligramskog robota

jumping about eight centimeters in the air.

koji skače osam centimetara u zrak.

It's only four by four by seven millimeters in size.

Velik je tek četiri puta četiri puta sedam milimetara.

And you'll see a big flash at the beginning

I vidjet ćete veliki bljesak na početku

when the energetic is set off,

kada se pokrene energetika,

and the robot tumbling through the air.

i robot se kotrlja zrakom.

So there was that big flash,

Tu je bio taj veliki bljesak,

and you can see the robot jumping up through the air.

i možete vidjeti robota kako skače kroz zrak.

So there's no tethers on this, no wires connecting to this.

Nema spona na ovome, nema žica koje to povezuju.

Everything is onboard, and it jumped in response

Sve je na njemu, i skočio je u odgovor

to the student just flicking on a desk lamp next to it.

na to što je student upalio stolnu lampu pored njega.

So I think you can imagine all the cool things that we could do

Tako da mislim da možete zamisliti sve super stvari koje možemo učiniti

with robots that can run and crawl and jump and roll at this size scale.

s robotima koji mogu trčati i puzati i skakati i kotrljati se na ovoj veličini.

Imagine the rubble that you get after a natural disaster like an earthquake.

Zamislite krš koji dobijete nakon prirodne katastrofe poput potresa.

Imagine these small robots running through that rubble

Zamislite te male robote kako trče kroz taj krš

to look for survivors.

tražeći preživjele.

Or imagine a lot of small robots running around a bridge

Ili zamislite puno malih robota kako trče oko mosta

in order to inspect it and make sure it's safe

kako bi ga pregledali i utvrdili da je siguran

so you don't get collapses like this,

tako da vam se ne dogode rušenja poput ovoga,

which happened outside of Minneapolis in 2007.

koje se dogodilo izvan Minneapolisa u 2007.

Or just imagine what you could do

Ili zamislite što biste mogli učiniti

if you had robots that could swim through your blood.

kada bi vam roboti mogli plivati kroz krv.

Right? "Fantastic Voyage," Isaac Asimov.

Zar ne? "Fantastično putovanje", Isaac Asimov.

Or they could operate without having to cut you open in the first place.

Ili bi vas mogli operirati bez da vas razrežu.

Or we could radically change the way we build things

Ili bi mogli radikalno promijeniti način gradnje

if we have our tiny robots work the same way that termites do,

ako imamo malene robote koji rade kao termiti,

and they build these incredible eight-meter-high mounds,

i grade ove nevjerojatne osam metarske humke,

effectively well ventilated apartment buildings for other termites

učinkovito prozračene stanove za druge termite

in Africa and Australia.

u Africi i Australiji.

So I think I've given you some of the possibilities

Mislim da sam vam dala neke od mogućnosti

of what we can do with these small robots.

onoga što možemo činiti s ovim malim robotima.

And we've made some advances so far, but there's still a long way to go,

I napravili smo neke napretke do sada, ali još je dug put pred nama,

and hopefully some of you can contribute to that destination.

i nadam se da će neki od vas doprinjeti tome cilju.

Thanks very much.

Hvala vam puno.

(Pljesak)

(Applause)