What fear can teach us | Karen Thompson Walker

435,704 views ใƒป 2013-01-02

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ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Translator: Morton Bast Reviewer: Thu-Huong Ha
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ืžืชืจื’ื: Yael BST ืžื‘ืงืจ: Sigal Tifferet
00:15
One day in 1819,
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ื‘ืื—ื“ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœ 1819,
00:18
3,000 miles off the coast of Chile,
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ื‘ืžืจื—ืง 3,000 ืžื™ื™ืœ ืžื—ื•ืคื™ ืฆ'ื™ืœื”,
00:20
in one of the most remote regions of the Pacific Ocean,
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ื‘ืื—ื“ ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืจื•ื—ืงื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ืฉืงื˜,
00:23
20 American sailors watched their ship flood with seawater.
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20 ืžืœื—ื™ื ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ื—ื–ื• ื‘ืกืคื™ื ืชื ืžื•ืฆืคืช ื‘ืžื™ ื™ื.
00:27
They'd been struck by a sperm whale, which had ripped
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ื”ื ืกืคื’ื• ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืžืœื•ื•ื™ื™ืชืŸ ื–ืจืข, ืฉืคืขืจ
00:29
a catastrophic hole in the ship's hull.
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ื—ื•ืจ ืื“ื™ืจ ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืกืคื™ื ื”.
00:32
As their ship began to sink beneath the swells,
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืกืคื™ื ืชื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœืฉืงื•ืข ืชื—ืช ื”ื’ืœื™ื,
00:35
the men huddled together in three small whaleboats.
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ื”ืฆื˜ื•ืคืคื• ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืกื™ืจื•ืช ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ืชืŸ ืงื˜ื ื•ืช.
00:39
These men were 10,000 miles from home,
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ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื”ื™ื• ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื 10,000 ืžื™ื™ืœ ืžื‘ื™ืชื,
00:41
more than 1,000 miles from the nearest scrap of land.
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ืžืขืœ 1,000 ืžื™ื™ืœ ืžืคื™ืกืช ื”ื™ื‘ืฉื” ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
00:44
In their small boats, they carried only
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ื‘ืกื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื, ื”ื ื ืฉืื•
00:47
rudimentary navigational equipment
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ืฆื™ื•ื“ ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ื‘ืœื‘ื“
00:48
and limited supplies of food and water.
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ื•ืืกืคืงื” ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช ืฉืœ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ืžื™ื.
00:52
These were the men of the whaleship Essex,
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ืืœื” ื”ื™ื• ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ืชื ื™ืช "ืืกืงืก",
00:54
whose story would later inspire parts of "Moby Dick."
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ืฉืกื™ืคื•ืจื ื”ื•ื•ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ืฉืจืื” ืœื—ืœืง ืžืขืœื™ืœืช "ืžื•ื‘ื™ ื“ื™ืง".
00:57
Even in today's world, their situation would be really dire,
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื, ื”ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœื”ื ื™ื—ืฉื‘ ืžืื•ื“ ืžืคื—ื™ื“,
01:00
but think about how much worse it would have been then.
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ืื‘ืœ ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ืจื•ืข ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืื–.
01:02
No one on land had any idea that anything had gone wrong.
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ืœืืฃ ืื—ื“ ื‘ื™ื‘ืฉื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืฉื’ ืฉืžืฉื”ื• ืจืข ืงืจื”.
01:05
No search party was coming to look for these men.
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ืืฃ ืžืฉืœื—ืช ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืœื ื™ืฆืื” ืœื—ืคืฉ ืื—ืจ ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื•.
01:08
So most of us have never experienced a situation
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ืื– ืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื• ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื—ื•ื•ื” ืกื™ื˜ื•ืืฆื™ื”
01:11
as frightening as the one in which these sailors found themselves,
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ืžืคื—ื™ื“ื” ื›ืžื• ื–ื• ืฉืื•ืชื ืžืœื—ื™ื ื ืงืœืขื• ืืœื™ื”,
01:14
but we all know what it's like to be afraid.
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื” ื–ื” ืœืคื—ื“.
01:16
We know how fear feels,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื”ื™ ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ืคื—ื“,
01:18
but I'm not sure we spend enough time thinking about
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ืžืกืคื™ืง ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘
01:20
what our fears mean.
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ืžื” ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืคื—ื“ ืฉืœื ื•.
01:22
As we grow up, we're often encouraged to think of fear
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ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื’ื“ืœื™ื, ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืขื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืคื—ื“
01:25
as a weakness, just another childish thing to discard
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ื›ืืœ ื—ื•ืœืฉื”, ืขื•ื“ ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ืœื“ื•ืชื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื™ืคื˜ืจ ืžืžื ื•
01:28
like baby teeth or roller skates.
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ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืฉื™ื ื™ ื—ืœื‘ ืื• ื’ืœื’ื™ืœื™ื•ืช.
01:31
And I think it's no accident that we think this way.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื–ื” ืœื ืžืงืจื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ืš.
01:33
Neuroscientists have actually shown that human beings
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ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ืœืžื“ืขื™ ื”ืžื•ื— ืžืžืฉ ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืฉื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื
01:36
are hard-wired to be optimists.
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ืžื—ื•ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื™ื.
01:38
So maybe that's why we think of fear, sometimes,
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ืื– ืื•ืœื™ ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืคื—ื“, ืœืคืขืžื™ื,
01:41
as a danger in and of itself.
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ื›ืกื›ื ื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื•.
01:43
"Don't worry," we like to say to one another. "Don't panic."
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"ืืœ ืชื“ืื’", ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืื—ื“ ืœืฉื ื™. "ืืœ ืชื›ื ืก ืœืคืื ื™ืงื”."
01:46
In English, fear is something we conquer.
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ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช, ืคื—ื“ ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื›ื•ื‘ืฉื™ื.
01:49
It's something we fight. It's something we overcome.
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ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ืœื—ืžื™ื ื‘ื•. ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืžืชื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื•.
01:53
But what if we looked at fear in a fresh way?
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืื ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคื—ื“ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื—ื“ืฉื”?
01:55
What if we thought of fear as an amazing act of the imagination,
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ืžื” ืื ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืคื—ื“ ื›ืคืขื•ืœื” ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ,
01:59
something that can be as profound and insightful
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ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื•ืฆืžืชื™ ื•ื‘ืขืœ ืชื•ื‘ื ื”
02:01
as storytelling itself?
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ืœืกืคืจ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ?
02:04
It's easiest to see this link between fear and the imagination
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ื”ื›ื™ ืงืœ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคื—ื“ ื•ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ
02:07
in young children, whose fears are often extraordinarily vivid.
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ืืฆืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื, ืฉื”ืคื—ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื™ื.
02:10
When I was a child, I lived in California,
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ื›ืฉืื ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื™ืœื“ื”, ื’ืจืชื™ ื‘ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื”,
02:12
which is, you know, mostly a very nice place to live,
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ืฉื–ื”, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืœืจื•ื‘ ืžืงื•ื ืžืื•ื“ ื ื—ืžื“ ืœื’ื•ืจ ื‘ื•,
02:15
but for me as a child, California could also be a little scary.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื™ ื›ื™ืœื“ื”, ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื’ื ืงืฆืช ืžืคื—ื™ื“ื”.
02:19
I remember how frightening it was to see the chandelier
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ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจืช ื›ืžื” ืžืคื—ื™ื“ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื ื‘ืจืฉืช
02:22
that hung above our dining table swing back and forth
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ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืชืœื•ื™ื” ืžืขืœ ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ืฉืœื ื• ืžืชื ื“ื ื“ืช ืงื“ื™ืžื” ื•ืื—ื•ืจื”
02:24
during every minor earthquake,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืจืขื™ื“ืช ืื“ืžื” ืงื˜ื ื”,
02:27
and I sometimes couldn't sleep at night, terrified
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ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืœื”, ืžื‘ื•ื”ืœืช
02:29
that the Big One might strike while we were sleeping.
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ืฉืจืขื™ื“ืช ื”ืื“ืžื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืชื›ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ืฉื ื™ื.
02:31
And what we say about kids who have fears like that
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืคื—ื“ื™ื ื›ืืœื•
02:34
is that they have a vivid imagination.
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ื–ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื“ื™ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืžืื•ื“ ืขืฉื™ืจ.
02:37
But at a certain point, most of us learn
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื›ืœืฉื”ื•, ืจื•ื‘ื ื• ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื
02:40
to leave these kinds of visions behind and grow up.
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ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ื—ื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืžื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ื–ื” ืžืื—ื•ืจ ื•ืœื”ืชื‘ื’ืจ.
02:43
We learn that there are no monsters hiding under the bed,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืคืœืฆื•ืช ืžืชื—ืช ืœืžื™ื˜ื”,
02:46
and not every earthquake brings buildings down.
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ื•ืฉืœื ื›ืœ ืจืขื™ื“ืช ืื“ืžื” ืžืžื•ื˜ื˜ืช ื‘ืชื™ื.
02:48
But maybe it's no coincidence that some of our most creative minds
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ืื‘ืœ ืื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ืœื ืกืชื ืžืงืจื” ืฉื›ืžื” ืžื”ืžื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœื ื•
02:52
fail to leave these kinds of fears behind as adults.
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ืœื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ื›ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืคื—ื“ื™ื ืžื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ื–ื” ืžืื—ื•ืจ.
02:55
The same incredible imaginations that produced "The Origin of Species,"
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ืื•ืชื• ื“ื™ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืฆื ื“ื•ืคืŸ ืฉื”ื•ืœื™ื“ ืืช "ืžื•ืฆื ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื",
02:59
"Jane Eyre" and "The Remembrance of Things Past,"
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ืืช "ื’'ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืจ", ืืช "ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืื‘ื•ื“",
03:02
also generated intense worries that haunted the adult lives
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื’ื ื—ื•ืœืœ ืืช ื”ื—ืฉืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื–ืงื™ื ืฉืจื“ืคื• ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ื”ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื
03:05
of Charles Darwin, Charlotte Brontฤ‚ลค and Marcel Proust.
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ืฉืœ ืฆ'ืืจืœืก ื“ืจื•ื•ื™ืŸ, ืฉืจืœื•ื˜ ื‘ืจื•ื ื˜ื” ื•ืžืจืกืœ ืคืจื•ืกื˜.
03:10
So the question is, what can the rest of us learn about fear
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ืื– ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื™ื, ืžื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืคื—ื“
03:12
from visionaries and young children?
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ืžืื ืฉื™ ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ื•ืžื™ืœื“ื™ื?
03:16
Well let's return to the year 1819 for a moment,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืฉื ืช 1819 ืœืจื’ืข,
03:19
to the situation facing the crew of the whaleship Essex.
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ืœืกื™ื˜ื•ืืฆื™ื” ืฉื ื™ืฆื‘ื” ืžื•ืœ ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ืชื ื™ืช "ืืกืงืก".
03:22
Let's take a look at the fears that their imaginations
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ืคื—ื“ื™ื ืฉื”ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื
03:24
were generating as they drifted in the middle of the Pacific.
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ื—ื•ืœืœ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื ื ืกื—ืคื™ื ืœื”ื ื‘ืœื‘ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ืฉืงื˜.
03:28
Twenty-four hours had now passed since the capsizing of the ship.
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ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืืจื‘ืข ืฉืขื•ืช ื—ืœืคื• ื›ืขืช ืžืื– ื”ืชื”ืคื›ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืกืคื™ื ื”.
03:32
The time had come for the men to make a plan,
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ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ื”ืฉืขื” ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช,
03:34
but they had very few options.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื• ืœื”ื ืžืขื˜ ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืจื™ืจื•ืช.
03:37
In his fascinating account of the disaster,
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ื‘ืชื™ืขื•ื“ื• ื”ืžืจืชืง ืฉืœ ื”ืืกื•ืŸ,
03:40
Nathaniel Philbrick wrote that these men were just about
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ื ืชื ื™ืืœ ืคื™ืœื‘ืจื™ืง ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื ืžืฆืื• ื›ืžืขื˜
03:42
as far from land as it was possible to be anywhere on Earth.
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ื”ื›ื™ ืจื—ื•ืง ืžื”ื™ื‘ืฉื” ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื›ื“ื•ื”"ื.
03:47
The men knew that the nearest islands they could reach
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ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื“ืขื• ืฉื”ืื™ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืืœื™ื”ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื’ื™ืข
03:49
were the Marquesas Islands, 1,200 miles away.
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ื”ื™ื• ืื™ื™ ืžืจืงื™ื–, ื‘ืžืจื—ืง 1,200 ืžื™ื™ืœ.
03:53
But they'd heard some frightening rumors.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืฉืžืขื• ื›ืžื” ืฉืžื•ืขื•ืช ืžืคื—ื™ื“ื•ืช.
03:55
They'd been told that these islands,
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ืกื™ืคืจื• ืœื”ื ืฉื‘ืื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื•,
03:57
and several others nearby, were populated by cannibals.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืžื” ืื™ื™ื ืฉื›ื ื™ื, ืฉื•ื›ื ื™ื ืงื ื™ื‘ืœื™ื.
04:01
So the men pictured coming ashore only to be murdered
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ืื– ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืœืขืฆืžื ืฉื”ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœื—ื•ืฃ ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ืจืฆื—
04:04
and eaten for dinner.
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ื•ืœื”ื™ืื›ืœ ื›ืืจื•ื—ืช ืขืจื‘.
04:05
Another possible destination was Hawaii,
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ื™ืขื“ ืืคืฉืจื™ ื ื•ืกืฃ ื”ื™ื” ื”ื•ื•ืื™.
04:08
but given the season, the captain was afraid
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืขื•ื ื”, ืจื‘ ื”ื—ื•ื‘ืœ ืคื—ื“
04:10
they'd be struck by severe storms.
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ืฉืกื•ืคื•ืช ื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื™ืคื’ืขื• ื‘ื”ื.
04:13
Now the last option was the longest, and the most difficult:
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ื”ื‘ืจื™ืจื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื”ืžืกื•ื‘ื›ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ:
04:17
to sail 1,500 miles due south in hopes of reaching
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ืœืฉื•ื˜ 1,500 ืžื™ื™ืœ ื“ืจื•ืžื” ื‘ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืœืชืคื•ืก
04:21
a certain band of winds that could eventually
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ืžืฉื‘ื™ ืจื•ื— ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ
04:22
push them toward the coast of South America.
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ืœื“ื—ื•ืฃ ืื•ืชื ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื—ื•ืคื™ ื“ืจื•ื ืืžืจื™ืงื”.
04:25
But they knew that the sheer length of this journey
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื™ื“ืขื• ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืจืง ื”ืžืจื—ืง ืขืฆืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืกืข ื”ื–ื”
04:27
would stretch their supplies of food and water.
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ื”ื•ื ื’ื‘ื•ืœื™ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ืจืฉื•ืชื.
04:31
To be eaten by cannibals, to be battered by storms,
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ืœื”ื™ืื›ืœ ืข"ื™ ืงื ื™ื‘ืœื™ื, ืœื”ื™ืคื’ืข ืžืกืขืจื•ืช,
04:34
to starve to death before reaching land.
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ืœื’ื•ื•ืข ืœืžื•ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื™ื‘ืฉื”.
04:38
These were the fears that danced in the imaginations of these poor men,
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ืืœื• ื”ืคื—ื“ื™ื ืฉื”ืชืจื•ืฆืฆื• ื‘ื“ื™ืžื™ื•ื ื ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืื•ืžืœืœื™ื ื”ืืœื•,
04:41
and as it turned out, the fear they chose to listen to
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ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ืกืชื‘ืจ, ื”ืคื—ื“ ืฉืœื• ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจื• ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘
04:44
would govern whether they lived or died.
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืงื‘ืข ืื ื™ื—ื™ื• ืื• ื™ืžื•ืชื•.
04:47
Now we might just as easily call these fears by a different name.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืืคืฉืจ ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืœื›ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืคื—ื“ื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื‘ืฉื ืื—ืจ.
04:51
What if instead of calling them fears,
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ืžื” ืื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื›ื ื•ืช ืื•ืชื ืคื—ื“ื™ื,
04:53
we called them stories?
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ื ื›ื ื” ืื•ืชื ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื?
04:55
Because that's really what fear is, if you think about it.
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ื›ื™ ืคื—ื“ ื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆื ื–ื”, ืื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื–ื”.
04:57
It's a kind of unintentional storytelling
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ื–ื” ืžื™ืŸ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื›ื•ื•ื ืช,
05:00
that we are all born knowing how to do.
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ื›ืฉืจื•ืŸ ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื ืื™ืชื•.
05:03
And fears and storytelling have the same components.
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ื•ืœืคื—ื“ ื•ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื™ืฉ ืื•ืชื ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื.
05:06
They have the same architecture.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืื•ืชื” ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื”.
05:08
Like all stories, fears have characters.
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ื›ืžื• ื›ืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ืœืคื—ื“ื™ื ื™ืฉ ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช.
05:10
In our fears, the characters are us.
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ื‘ืคื—ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•, ื”ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืื ื—ื ื•.
05:13
Fears also have plots. They have beginnings and middles and ends.
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ืœืคื—ื“ื™ื ื’ื ื™ืฉ ืขืœื™ืœื•ืช. ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื”ืชื—ืœื” ื•ืืžืฆืข ื•ืกื•ืฃ.
05:17
You board the plane. The plane takes off. The engine fails.
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ืืชื” ืขื•ืœื” ืœืžื˜ื•ืก. ื”ืžื˜ื•ืก ืžืžืจื™ื. ื™ืฉ ืชืงืœื” ื‘ืžื ื•ืข.
05:21
Our fears also tend to contain imagery that can be
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ื”ืคื—ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื’ื ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช
05:24
every bit as vivid as what you might find in the pages of a novel.
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ืืœื• ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื‘ื“ืคื™ ื”ืจื•ืžื ื™ื.
05:27
Picture a cannibal, human teeth
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ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืงื ื™ื‘ืœ, ืฉื™ื ื™ ืื“ื
05:30
sinking into human skin,
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ื ื ืขืฆื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืจ ืื“ื,
05:32
human flesh roasting over a fire.
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ื‘ืฉืจ ืื“ื ืฉื ืฆืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืืฉ.
05:35
Fears also have suspense.
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ื‘ืคื—ื“ื™ื ื’ื ื™ืฉ ืžืชื—.
05:38
If I've done my job as a storyteller today,
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ืื ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื™ ื›ืžืกืคืจืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื,
05:40
you should be wondering what happened
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ืื– ืืชื ื‘ื˜ื— ืชื•ื”ื™ื ืžื” ืงืจื”
05:42
to the men of the whaleship Essex.
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ืœื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ืชื ื™ืช ื”"ืืกืงืก".
05:44
Our fears provoke in us a very similar form of suspense.
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ื”ืคื—ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืžืขื•ืจืจื™ื ื‘ื ื• ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืžืื•ื“ ื“ื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ืžืชื—.
05:48
Just like all great stories, our fears focus our attention
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ืžืžืฉ ื›ืžื• ื›ืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื, ื”ืคื—ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืžืžืงื“ื™ื ืืช ืชืฉื•ืžืช ื”ืœื‘ ืฉืœื ื•
05:52
on a question that is as important in life as it is in literature:
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ื‘ืฉืืœื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื’ื ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช:
05:56
What will happen next?
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ืžื” ื™ืงืจื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื•?
05:58
In other words, our fears make us think about the future.
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ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ื”ืคื—ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื ื• ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“.
06:01
And humans, by the way, are the only creatures capable
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ื•ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื, ื“ืจืš ืื’ื‘, ื”ื ื”ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื
06:03
of thinking about the future in this way,
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ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื›ื–ื•,
06:05
of projecting ourselves forward in time,
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ืฉื‘ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ืžื™ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ื ื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืขืชื™ื“ื™,
06:08
and this mental time travel is just one more thing
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ื•ื”ืžืกืข ื”ืžื ื˜ืœื™ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื•ื ืจืง ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ื ื•ืกืฃ
06:10
that fears have in common with storytelling.
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ืฉืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืœืคื—ื“ ื•ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ.
06:14
As a writer, I can tell you that a big part of writing fiction
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ื›ืกื•ืคืจืช, ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœื›ื ืฉื—ืœืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™
06:16
is learning to predict how one event in a story
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ื”ื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืœื—ื–ื•ืช ืื™ืš ืื™ืจื•ืข ืื—ื“ ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ
06:18
will affect all the other events,
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ื™ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื™ืชืจ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื.
06:20
and fear works in that same way.
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ื•ื”ืคื—ื“ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืื•ืคืŸ.
06:22
In fear, just like in fiction, one thing always leads to another.
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ื‘ืคื—ื“, ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช, ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ.
06:27
When I was writing my first novel, "The Age Of Miracles,"
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ื›ืฉื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™, "ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื",
06:30
I spent months trying to figure out what would happen
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ื”ืฉืงืขืชื™ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ื™ืงืจื”
06:33
if the rotation of the Earth suddenly began to slow down.
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ืื ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ-ื”ืืจืฅ ืชื•ืื˜ ืคืชืื•ื.
06:36
What would happen to our days? What would happen to our crops?
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ืžื” ื™ืงืจื” ืœื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœื ื•? ืžื” ื™ืงืจื” ืœื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•?
06:39
What would happen to our minds?
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ืžื” ื™ืงืจื” ืœืžื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•?
06:41
And then it was only later that I realized how very similar
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ื•ืจืง ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ืืœื•
06:44
these questions were to the ones I used to ask myself
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ื“ื•ืžื•ืช ืœืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฉื•ืืœืช ืืช ืขืฆืžื™
06:46
as a child frightened in the night.
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ื›ื™ืœื“ื” ืฉืคื—ื“ื” ื‘ืœื™ืœื”.
06:48
If an earthquake strikes tonight, I used to worry,
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ืื ืชื”ื™ื” ื”ืœื™ืœื” ืจืขื™ื“ืช ืื“ืžื”, ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื—ื•ืฉืฉืช,
06:51
what will happen to our house? What will happen to my family?
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ืžื” ื™ืงืจื” ืœื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•? ืžื” ื™ืงืจื” ืœืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœื™?
06:55
And the answer to those questions always took the form of a story.
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ื•ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ืชืžื™ื“ ืœื‘ืฉื” ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ.
06:59
So if we think of our fears as more than just fears
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ืื– ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืคื—ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื›ืขืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืจืง ืคื—ื“ื™ื
07:02
but as stories, we should think of ourselves
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ืืœื ื›ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื™ื ื•
07:05
as the authors of those stories.
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ื›ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื.
07:07
But just as importantly, we need to think of ourselves
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ืื‘ืœ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช, ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื™ื ื•
07:09
as the readers of our fears, and how we choose
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ื›ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืคื—ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•, ื•ืœืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื
07:11
to read our fears can have a profound effect on our lives.
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ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ื”ืคื—ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืžืจื—ื™ืงืช ืœื›ืช ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•.
07:16
Now, some of us naturally read our fears more closely than others.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื—ืœืงื ื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืืช ื”ืคื—ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื™ืชืจ ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ ืžืื—ืจื™ื.
07:19
I read about a study recently of successful entrepreneurs,
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ืงืจืืชื™ ืžื—ืงืจ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื™ื–ืžื™ื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื,
07:22
and the author found that these people shared a habit
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ื•ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืžืฆื ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžื ื”ื’ ืื—ื“ ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืœืื•ืชื ืื ืฉื™ื
07:24
that he called "productive paranoia," which meant that
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ืฉืื•ืชื• ื”ื•ื ื›ื™ื ื” "ืคืจื ื•ื™ื” ืคืจื•ื“ื•ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช", ืฉื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื
07:28
these people, instead of dismissing their fears,
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ืฉืื•ืชื ืื ืฉื™ื, ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ืคื—ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื,
07:30
these people read them closely, they studied them,
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ื”ื ืงืจืื• ืื•ืชื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘, ื”ื ื—ืงืจื• ืื•ืชื,
07:33
and then they translated that fear into preparation and action.
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ื•ืื– ื”ื ืชื™ืจื’ืžื• ืืช ืื•ืชื ืคื—ื“ื™ื ืœื”ื›ื ื•ืช ื•ืœืคืขื•ืœื•ืช.
07:36
So that way, if their worst fears came true,
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ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื–ื”, ืื ื”ืคื—ื“ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื ื•ืจืื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื™ืชืžืžืฉื•,
07:38
their businesses were ready.
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ื”ืขืกืงื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื.
07:40
And sometimes, of course, our worst fears do come true.
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ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื”ืคื—ื“ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืืžืช ืžืชืžืžืฉื™ื.
07:45
That's one of the things that is so extraordinary about fear.
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ื–ื” ืื—ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื›"ื› ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืคื—ื“.
07:48
Once in a while, our fears can predict the future.
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ืžื“ื™ ืคืขื, ื”ืคื—ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื ื‘ื ืืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“.
07:53
But we can't possibly prepare for all of the fears
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืคื—ื“ื™ื
07:56
that our imaginations concoct.
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ืฉื”ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ืจื•ืงื—.
07:59
So how can we tell the difference between
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ืื–, ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ
08:01
the fears worth listening to and all the others?
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ื”ืคื—ื“ื™ื ืฉืฉื•ื•ื” ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ ืœื”ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืชืจ?
08:04
I think the end of the story of the whaleship Essex
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืกื•ืฃ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ืชื ื™ืช ื”ืืกืงืก
08:07
offers an illuminating, if tragic, example.
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ืžืฉืžืฉ ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืžืื™ืจืช ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื, ื’ื ืื ื˜ืจืื’ื™ืช.
08:11
After much deliberation, the men finally made a decision.
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ืื—ืจื™ ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ืฃ ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื”ื—ืœื˜ื”.
08:16
Terrified of cannibals, they decided to forgo the closest islands
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ืžื‘ื•ืขืชื™ื ืžื”ืงื ื™ื‘ืœื™ื, ื”ื ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืœื–ื ื•ื— ืืช ื”ืื™ื™ื ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
08:20
and instead embarked on the longer
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ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ื” ื™ืฆืื• ืœืžืกืข ืืจื•ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ
08:22
and much more difficult route to South America.
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ื•ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืงืฉื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืขื‘ืจ ื“ืจื•ื ืืžืจื™ืงื”.
08:25
After more than two months at sea, the men ran out of food
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ืื—ืจื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ ื™ื, ืื–ืœ ืœื”ื ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ
08:29
as they knew they might,
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื ื™ื“ืขื• ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงืจื•ืช,
08:30
and they were still quite far from land.
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ื•ื”ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ื“ื™ ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื ืžื”ื™ื‘ืฉื”.
08:33
When the last of the survivors were finally picked up
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ื›ืฉืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื•ืจื“ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ืฃ ื ืืกืฃ
08:35
by two passing ships, less than half of the men were left alive,
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ืข"ื™ ืฉืชื™ ืกืคื™ื ื•ืช ื—ื•ืœืคื•ืช, ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื ื•ืชืจื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื,
08:40
and some of them had resorted to their own form of cannibalism.
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ื•ื—ืœืงื ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืชื“ืจื“ืจื• ืœืงื ื™ื‘ืœื™ื–ื ืžืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื.
08:45
Herman Melville, who used this story as research for "Moby Dick,"
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ื”ืจืžืŸ ืžืœื•ื•ื™ืœ, ืฉื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื›ืžื—ืงืจ ืœ"ืžื•ื‘ื™ ื“ื™ืง",
08:48
wrote years later, and from dry land, quote,
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ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ื•ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื™ื‘ืฉื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื”, ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜:
08:52
"All the sufferings of these miserable men of the Essex
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"ื›ืœ ื”ืกื‘ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืื•ืžืœืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืืกืงืก
08:55
might in all human probability have been avoided
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ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื—ืกืš
08:57
had they, immediately after leaving the wreck,
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ืื™ืœื• ื”ื ืจืง, ืžื™ื“ ืœืื—ืจ ื ื˜ื™ืฉืช ืฉื‘ืจื™ ื”ืกืคื™ื ื”,
09:00
steered straight for Tahiti.
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ื”ื™ื• ืฉื˜ื™ื ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื˜ืื”ื™ื˜ื™.
09:02
But," as Melville put it, "they dreaded cannibals."
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ืื‘ืœ, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืœื•ื•ื™ืœ ื ื™ืกื— ื–ืืช, "ื”ื ืคื—ื“ื• ื ื•ืจื ืžืงื ื™ื‘ืœื™ื."
09:06
So the question is, why did these men dread cannibals
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ืื– ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื™ื, ืœืžื” ืื•ืชื ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื›"ื› ืคื—ื“ื• ืžืงื ื™ื‘ืœื™ื
09:09
so much more than the extreme likelihood of starvation?
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืœื’ื•ื•ืข ื‘ืจืขื‘?
09:14
Why were they swayed by one story
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ืœืžื” ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื—ื“ ืฉื™ื›ื ืข ืื•ืชื
09:15
so much more than the other?
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืื—ืจ?
09:18
Looked at from this angle,
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ื›ืฉืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืžื”ื–ื•ื•ื™ืช ื”ื–ื•,
09:20
theirs becomes a story about reading.
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ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœื”ื ื”ื•ืคืš ืœืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืขืœ ืงืจื™ืื”.
09:23
The novelist Vladimir Nabokov said that the best reader
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ื”ืกื•ืคืจ ื•ืœื“ื™ืžื™ืจ ื ื‘ื•ืงื•ื‘ ืืžืจ ืฉื‘ืงื•ืจื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
09:26
has a combination of two very different temperaments,
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ื™ืฉ ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ื˜ืžืคืจืžื ื˜ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืฉื•ื ื™ื,
09:28
the artistic and the scientific.
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ื”ืืžื ื•ืชื™ ื•ื”ืžื“ืขื™.
09:31
A good reader has an artist's passion,
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ืœืงื•ืจื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ืฉ ืชืฉื•ืงื” ืฉืœ ืืžืŸ,
09:34
a willingness to get caught up in the story,
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ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืกื—ืฃ ืืœ ืชื•ืš ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ,
09:36
but just as importantly, the readers also needs
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ืื‘ืœ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช, ื”ืงื•ืจื ืฆืจื™ืš ื’ื
09:38
the coolness of judgment of a scientist,
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ืืช ืฉื™ืงื•ืœ ื”ื“ืขืช ืงืจ ื”ืจื•ื— ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ืขืŸ,
09:42
which acts to temper and complicate
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ืฉืคื•ืขืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืชืŸ ื•ืœืกื‘ืš
09:43
the reader's intuitive reactions to the story.
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ืืช ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืื™ื ื˜ื•ืื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ืจื ืœืกื™ืคื•ืจ.
09:46
As we've seen, the men of the Essex had no trouble with the artistic part.
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉืจืื™ื ื•, ืœื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืืกืงืก ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืขื™ื” ื‘ืžื–ื’ ื”ืืžื ื•ืชื™.
09:50
They dreamed up a variety of horrifying scenarios.
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ื”ื ืจืงืžื• ืฉืœืœ ืชืจื—ื™ืฉื™ื ืžื‘ืขื™ืชื™ื ื•ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื™ื™ื.
09:53
The problem was that they listened to the wrong story.
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ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื ื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ื• ืœืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
09:57
Of all the narratives their fears wrote,
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ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื ื›ืชื‘,
09:59
they responded only to the most lurid, the most vivid,
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ื”ื ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื• ืจืง ืœืžื•ื—ืฉื™ ื•ืœืžื—ืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,
10:03
the one that was easiest for their imaginations to picture:
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ื–ื” ืฉืœื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื ื”ื™ื” ื”ื›ื™ ืงืœ ืœืฆื™ื™ืจ:
10:06
cannibals.
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ืงื ื™ื‘ืœื™ื.
10:08
But perhaps if they'd been able to read their fears
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ืื‘ืœ ืื•ืœื™ ืื ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ื”ืคื—ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื
10:10
more like a scientist, with more coolness of judgment,
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืžื• ืžื“ืขื ื™ื, ืขื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื™ืงื•ืœ ื“ืขืช ืงืจ,
10:14
they would have listened instead to the less violent
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ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืชื—ืช ื–ืืช, ืžืงืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืคื—ื•ืช ืืœื™ื
10:17
but the more likely tale, the story of starvation,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ืกื‘ื™ืจ, ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื’ื•ื•ื™ืขื” ืœืžื•ื•ืช ื‘ืจืขื‘,
10:20
and headed for Tahiti, just as Melville's sad commentary suggests.
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ื•ื”ื™ื• ืคื•ื ื™ื ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื˜ืื”ื™ื˜ื™, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืคืจืฉื ื•ืชื• ื”ืขืฆื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืžืœื•ื•ื™ืœ ืžืจืžื–ืช.
10:26
And maybe if we all tried to read our fears,
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ื•ืื•ืœื™, ืื ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ื”ืคื—ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•,
10:28
we too would be less often swayed
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ื’ื ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืชื›ื•ืคื•ืช
10:30
by the most salacious among them.
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ื ืžืฉื›ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ืชืื•ื•ืชื ื™ื™ื.
10:32
Maybe then we'd spend less time worrying about
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ืื•ืœื™ ืื– ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ื“ืื’ื”
10:34
serial killers and plane crashes,
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ืžืจื•ืฆื—ื™ื ืกื“ืจืชื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืชืจืกืงื•ืช ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื,
10:36
and more time concerned with the subtler
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ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ื“ืื’ื” ืžืืกื•ื ื•ืช ืžืขื•ื“ื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ
10:38
and slower disasters we face:
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ื•ืื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื ื™ืฆื‘ื™ื ืœืคืชื—ื™ื ื•:
10:40
the silent buildup of plaque in our arteries,
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ื”ื”ืฆื˜ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉืงื˜ื” ืฉืœ ืคืœืืง ื‘ืขื•ืจืงื™ื ืฉืœื ื•,
10:43
the gradual changes in our climate.
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ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื”ื“ืจื’ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืืงืœื™ื.
10:45
Just as the most nuanced stories in literature are often the richest,
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืคื™ ืฉืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืขื ื”ื ื™ื•ืื ืกื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื”ื ืœืจื•ื‘ ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,
10:49
so too might our subtlest fears be the truest.
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ื›ืš ื’ื ื”ืคื—ื“ื™ื ื”ืžืขื•ื“ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœื ื• ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
10:53
Read in the right way, our fears are an amazing gift
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ื›ืฉืงื•ืจืื™ื ืื•ืชื ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื”ืคื—ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื ืžืชื ื” ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื”
10:56
of the imagination, a kind of everyday clairvoyance,
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ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ, ืžืขื™ืŸ ืชืคื™ืกื” ืขืœ-ื—ื•ืฉื™ืช ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ืช,
10:59
a way of glimpsing what might be the future
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ื“ืจืš ืœื”ืฆื™ืฅ ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“
11:02
when there's still time to influence how that future will play out.
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ื›ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืื™ืš ื™ืจืื” ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ.
11:05
Properly read, our fears can offer us something as precious
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ืื ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืื•ืชื ื›ืžื• ืฉืฆืจื™ืš, ื”ืคื—ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืœื ื• ืžืฉื”ื• ื™ืงืจ
11:08
as our favorite works of literature:
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ื›ืžื• ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื ื• ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ:
11:11
a little wisdom, a bit of insight
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ืžืขื˜ ืชื‘ื•ื ื”, ืงืฆืช ืชื•ื‘ื ื”
11:14
and a version of that most elusive thing --
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ื•ื’ืจืกื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื”ื• ื”ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ื—ืžืงืžืง ื”ื–ื” -
11:16
the truth.
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ื”ืืžืช.
11:17
Thank you. (Applause)
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ืชื•ื“ื”. (ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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