What fear can teach us | Karen Thompson Walker

433,290 views ใƒป 2013-01-02

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Translator: Morton Bast Reviewer: Thu-Huong Ha
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๋ฒˆ์—ญ: seung joo lee ๊ฒ€ํ† : Min Hyun Oh
00:15
One day in 1819,
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1819๋…„์˜ ์–ด๋Š๋‚ ,
00:18
3,000 miles off the coast of Chile,
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์น ๋ ˆ ํ•ด๋ณ€์—์„œ 3,000๋งˆ์ผ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„,
00:20
in one of the most remote regions of the Pacific Ocean,
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ํƒœํ‰์–‘์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์™ธ์ง„ ์ง€์—ญ ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๊ณณ์—์„œ
00:23
20 American sailors watched their ship flood with seawater.
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20๋ช…์˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ ์„ ์›๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฐฐ์— ๋ฐ”๋‹ท๋ฌผ๋กœ ์ฐจ์˜ค๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ง€์ผœ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:27
They'd been struck by a sperm whale, which had ripped
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฐฐ์—๋Š” ํ–ฅ์œ ๊ณ ๋ž˜์™€ ๋ถ€๋”ชํ˜€
00:29
a catastrophic hole in the ship's hull.
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์น˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์ด ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:32
As their ship began to sink beneath the swells,
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๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ท ์†์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ผ์•‰๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๋•Œ,
00:35
the men huddled together in three small whaleboats.
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์„ ์›๋“ค์€ ์„ธ ๋Œ€์˜ ์ž‘์€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์„ ์— ๋ชจ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:39
These men were 10,000 miles from home,
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 10,000๋งˆ์ผ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ ,
00:41
more than 1,000 miles from the nearest scrap of land.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์œก์ง€๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 1,000๋งˆ์ผ ์ด์ƒ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
In their small boats, they carried only
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์ž‘์€ ๋ฐฐ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ์ €
00:47
rudimentary navigational equipment
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ํ•ญํ•ด ์žฅ๋น„๋งŒ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ ,
00:48
and limited supplies of food and water.
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๋‚จ์€ ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์Œ์‹์€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:52
These were the men of the whaleship Essex,
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์ด๋Š” ํฌ๊ฒฝ์„  ์—์„น์Šคํ˜ธ ์„ ์›๋“ค์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ด๊ณ ,
00:54
whose story would later inspire parts of "Moby Dick."
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์ด๋“ค์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ›—๋‚ ์— ์†Œ์„ค "๋ชจ๋น„ ๋”•"์— ์˜๊ฐ์„ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:57
Even in today's world, their situation would be really dire,
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋‚ ์—๋„ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ์ •๋ง ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
01:00
but think about how much worse it would have been then.
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๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ์—๋Š” ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋” ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜์˜€์„์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
01:02
No one on land had any idea that anything had gone wrong.
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์œก์ง€์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋ชฐ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:05
No search party was coming to look for these men.
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์ด๋“ค์„ ์ฐพ์œผ๋Ÿฌ ์˜ค๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ƒ‰๋Œ€๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:08
So most of us have never experienced a situation
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์„ ์›๋“ค์ด ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋‘๋ ค์šด ์ƒํ™ฉ์„
01:11
as frightening as the one in which these sailors found themselves,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:14
but we all know what it's like to be afraid.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‘๋ ค์›€์ด ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๋Š” ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:16
We know how fear feels,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‘๋ ค์šด๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ค ๋Š๋‚Œ์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:18
but I'm not sure we spend enough time thinking about
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์ด ์ง„์ • ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€
01:20
what our fears mean.
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์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
01:22
As we grow up, we're often encouraged to think of fear
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž๋ผ๋ฉด์„œ ์ข…์ข… ๋‘๋ ค์›€์€ ์•ฝ์ ์ด๋‚˜
01:25
as a weakness, just another childish thing to discard
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์œ ์น˜(ไนณ้ฝ’)๋‚˜ ๋กค๋Ÿฌ์Šค์ผ€์ดํŠธ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
01:28
like baby teeth or roller skates.
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๋ฒ„๋ ค์•ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์ž๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:31
And I think it's no accident that we think this way.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ์šฐ์—ฐ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:33
Neuroscientists have actually shown that human beings
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„๋“ค์ด
01:36
are hard-wired to be optimists.
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์ฒœ๋ถ€์ ์ธ ๋‚™๊ด€์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ฆ๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:38
So maybe that's why we think of fear, sometimes,
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์•„๋งˆ ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์„
01:41
as a danger in and of itself.
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์œ„ํ—˜ ์š”์†Œ๋กœ ์ง€๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:43
"Don't worry," we like to say to one another. "Don't panic."
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ "๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€๋งˆ", ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ง๋กœ "๋‘๋ ค์›Œ ํ•˜์ง€๋งˆ"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
In English, fear is something we conquer.
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์˜์–ด๋กœ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ณตํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:49
It's something we fight. It's something we overcome.
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๋‘๋ ค์›€์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹ธ์›Œ์•ผํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด์ž, ๊ทน๋ณตํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:53
But what if we looked at fear in a fresh way?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์„ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
01:55
What if we thought of fear as an amazing act of the imagination,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์„ ์ƒ์ƒ๋ ฅ ๋ฐœํœ˜์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
01:59
something that can be as profound and insightful
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์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์‹ฌ์˜คํ•˜๊ณ  ํ†ต์ฐฐ๋ ฅ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ
02:01
as storytelling itself?
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
02:04
It's easiest to see this link between fear and the imagination
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‘๋ ค์›€๊ณผ ์ƒ์ƒ๋ ฅ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š”
02:07
in young children, whose fears are often extraordinarily vivid.
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ์ƒํ•œ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:10
When I was a child, I lived in California,
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์ €๋Š” ์–ด๋ ธ์„๋•Œ ์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„์— ์‚ด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:12
which is, you know, mostly a very nice place to live,
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์€ ์‚ด๊ธฐ์— ๋งค์šฐ ์ข‹์€ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
02:15
but for me as a child, California could also be a little scary.
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์–ด๋ฆฐ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„๋Š” ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋ฌด์„ญ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:19
I remember how frightening it was to see the chandelier
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์ž‘์€ ์ง€์ง„์ด ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋งˆ๋‹ค
02:22
that hung above our dining table swing back and forth
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์‹ํƒ ์œ„์—์„œ ์•ž๋’ค๋กœ ํ”๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒน๋“ค๋ฆฌ์—๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
02:24
during every minor earthquake,
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋ฌด์„œ์› ๋Š”์ง€ ์ €๋Š” ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:27
and I sometimes couldn't sleep at night, terrified
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๋”์€ ๋ฐค์— ์ž ์„ ์ž˜ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:29
that the Big One might strike while we were sleeping.
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๊ทธ ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ์ƒน๋“ค๋ฆฌ์—๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ๋•Œ ๋–จ์–ด์งˆ๊นŒ ๋‘๋ ค์› ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
02:31
And what we say about kids who have fears like that
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์•„์ด๋“ค๋ณด๊ณ 
02:34
is that they have a vivid imagination.
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์ƒ์ƒํ•œ ์ƒ์ƒ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ฃ .
02:37
But at a certain point, most of us learn
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด๋Š ์ˆœ๊ฐ„๋ถ€ํ„ด๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
02:40
to leave these kinds of visions behind and grow up.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ์ƒ๋ ฅ์„ ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ์ฑ„ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:43
We learn that there are no monsters hiding under the bed,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์นจ๋Œ€ ์•„๋ž˜์— ์ˆจ์–ด์žˆ๋Š” ๊ดด๋ฌผ์€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ณ 
02:46
and not every earthquake brings buildings down.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ง€์ง„๋งˆ๋‹ค ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์ด ๋ถ•๊ดด๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:48
But maybe it's no coincidence that some of our most creative minds
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ฐฝ์˜์ ์ธ ์ฒœ์žฌ๋“ค๋„
02:52
fail to leave these kinds of fears behind as adults.
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์–ด๋ฅธ์ด ๋œํ›„์—๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์„ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑด ์šฐ์—ฐ์ด ์•„๋‹ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:55
The same incredible imaginations that produced "The Origin of Species,"
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"์ข…์˜ ๊ธฐ์›"๊ณผ '์ œ์ธ ์—์–ด", "์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ฐพ์•„์„œ"๋ฅผ
02:59
"Jane Eyre" and "The Remembrance of Things Past,"
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์“ด ์ฐฐ์Šค ๋‹ค์œˆ, ์ƒฌ๋กฏ ๋ธŒ๋ก ํ…Œ, ๋งˆ๋ฅด์…€ ํ”„๋ฃจ์ŠคํŠธ๋„
03:02
also generated intense worries that haunted the adult lives
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์–ด๋ฅธ์ด ๋˜์–ด์„œ๋„ ๋–จ์ณ ๋ฒ„๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋˜
03:05
of Charles Darwin, Charlotte Brontฤ‚ลค and Marcel Proust.
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๊ฐ•๋ ฌํ•œ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:10
So the question is, what can the rest of us learn about fear
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ ๊ณต์ƒ๊ฐ€๋“ค๊ณผ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์‹œ์ ˆ์˜ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
03:12
from visionaries and young children?
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๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋ฐฐ์šธ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
03:16
Well let's return to the year 1819 for a moment,
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1819๋…„์— ํฌ๊ฒฝ์„  ์—์„น์Šค์˜ ์„ ์›์ด
03:19
to the situation facing the crew of the whaleship Essex.
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์ง๋ฉดํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋ณด์ฃ .
03:22
Let's take a look at the fears that their imaginations
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ํƒœํ‰์–‘ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ์—์„œ ํ‘œ๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
03:24
were generating as they drifted in the middle of the Pacific.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ์ƒ๋ ฅ์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋˜ ๋‘๋ ค์›€๋“ค์„ ์‚ดํŽด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
03:28
Twenty-four hours had now passed since the capsizing of the ship.
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๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ๋’ค์ง‘ํžŒ์ง€ ์ด์ œ ๋ง‰ 24์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
The time had come for the men to make a plan,
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๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ ค์•ผ ํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์™”์ง€๋งŒ
03:34
but they had very few options.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ์„ ํƒ์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:37
In his fascinating account of the disaster,
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๊ทธ ์ฐธ์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‚˜๋‹ค๋‹ˆ์—˜ ํ•„๋ธŒ๋ฆญ์€
03:40
Nathaniel Philbrick wrote that these men were just about
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์„ ์›๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋˜ ๊ณณ์€ ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์—์„œ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
03:42
as far from land as it was possible to be anywhere on Earth.
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์–ด๋Š ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ๋„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๊ณณ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:47
The men knew that the nearest islands they could reach
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๊ทธ ์„ ์›๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์ด ๋„๋‹ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์„ฌ์ด
03:49
were the Marquesas Islands, 1,200 miles away.
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1,200๋งˆ์ผ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งˆ๋ฅดํ‚ค์ฆˆ ์ œ๋„ ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:53
But they'd heard some frightening rumors.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋”์ฐํ•œ ์†Œ๋ฌธ์„ ๋“ค์€ ์  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:55
They'd been told that these islands,
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ์„ฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์˜ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์„ฌ์—๋Š”
03:57
and several others nearby, were populated by cannibals.
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์‹์ธ์ข…์ด ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:01
So the men pictured coming ashore only to be murdered
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ƒ๋ฅ™ ํ›„์— ์‚ดํ•ด๋˜์–ด
04:04
and eaten for dinner.
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์ €๋… ์‹์‚ฌ๋กœ ์žก์•„ ๋จนํžˆ๋Š” ์ƒ์ƒ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:05
Another possible destination was Hawaii,
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋„์ฐฉ์ง€ ํ›„๋ณด๋Š” ํ•˜์™€์ด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:08
but given the season, the captain was afraid
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ์˜ ๊ณ„์ ˆ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์„ ์žฅ์€
04:10
they'd be struck by severe storms.
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ํญํ’์šฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์—ผ๋ ค ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:13
Now the last option was the longest, and the most difficult:
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ธธ๊ณ  ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์„ ํƒ์ด ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
04:17
to sail 1,500 miles due south in hopes of reaching
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋‚จ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ํ•ด๋ณ€๊ฐ€๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ด ์ค„
04:21
a certain band of winds that could eventually
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๋ฐ”๋žŒ์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ฉด์„œ
04:22
push them toward the coast of South America.
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์ •๋‚จ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ 1,500๋งˆ์ผ์„ ํ•ญํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:25
But they knew that the sheer length of this journey
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด ํ•ญํ•ด์˜ ๊ธธ์ด๋Š”
04:27
would stretch their supplies of food and water.
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๋‚จ์€ ์Œ์‹๊ณผ ๋ฌผ์„ ์•„๊ปด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:31
To be eaten by cannibals, to be battered by storms,
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์‹์ธ์ข…์—๊ฒŒ ์žก์•„ ๋จนํžˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ, ํญํ’์— ๋‚œํŒŒ๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ,
04:34
to starve to death before reaching land.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์œก์ง€์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๊ตถ์–ด ์ฃฝ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ.
04:38
These were the fears that danced in the imaginations of these poor men,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด ๋ถˆ์Œํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ์ƒ๋ ฅ ์†์— ์ถค์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‘๋ ค์›€๋“ค์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:41
and as it turned out, the fear they chose to listen to
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๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๋ฐํ˜€์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ, ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๊ธฐ๋กœ ์„ ํƒํ•œ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์ด
04:44
would govern whether they lived or died.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ฃฝ์„์ง€ ์‚ด์ง€๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ฐฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:47
Now we might just as easily call these fears by a different name.
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด๋ฆ„์œผ๋กœ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:51
What if instead of calling them fears,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค
04:53
we called them stories?
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์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
04:55
Because that's really what fear is, if you think about it.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‘๋ ค์›€์ด๋ž€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๊ฒƒ ์ด๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
04:57
It's a kind of unintentional storytelling
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฏธ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผํ• ์ง€ ์•„๋Š”
05:00
that we are all born knowing how to do.
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์ผ์ข…์˜ ๋ฌด์˜์‹์  ์Šคํ† ๋ฆฌํ…”๋ง์ด์ฃ .
05:03
And fears and storytelling have the same components.
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋‘๋ ค์›€๊ณผ ์Šคํ† ๋ฆฌํ…”๋ง์€ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:06
They have the same architecture.
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๊ทธ ๋‘˜์€ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:08
Like all stories, fears have characters.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋“ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ, ๋‘๋ ค์›€๋„ ๋“ฑ์žฅ์ธ๋ฌผ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:10
In our fears, the characters are us.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‘๋ ค์›€ ์†์˜ ๋“ฑ์žฅ์ธ๋ฌผ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ์ด์ฃ .
05:13
Fears also have plots. They have beginnings and middles and ends.
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๋‘๋ ค์›€์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ค„๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„œ๋ก , ๋ณธ๋ก , ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
05:17
You board the plane. The plane takes off. The engine fails.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํƒ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฅ™ํ•˜๊ณ , ์—”์ง„์ด ๊ณ ์žฅ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:21
Our fears also tend to contain imagery that can be
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ์†Œ์„ค์˜ ์–ด๋Š ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
05:24
every bit as vivid as what you might find in the pages of a novel.
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์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ค๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:27
Picture a cannibal, human teeth
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์‹์ธ์ข…,
05:30
sinking into human skin,
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ”ผ๋ถ€ ์†์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์น˜์•„,
05:32
human flesh roasting over a fire.
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๋ถˆ ์†์—์„œ ๊ตฌ์›Œ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‚ด์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
05:35
Fears also have suspense.
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๋‘๋ ค์›€์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ธด์žฅ๊ฐ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:38
If I've done my job as a storyteller today,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์Šคํ† ๋ฆฌํ…”๋Ÿฌ๋กœ ์ผ์„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
05:40
you should be wondering what happened
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ์—์„น์Šค ํ˜ธ์˜ ์„ ์›๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
05:42
to the men of the whaleship Essex.
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๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์กŒ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ด ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:44
Our fears provoke in us a very similar form of suspense.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ธด์žฅ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์•„์ฃผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ฐœ์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:48
Just like all great stories, our fears focus our attention
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๋ชจ๋“  ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์—์„œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์€
05:52
on a question that is as important in life as it is in literature:
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๋ฌธํ•™์—์„œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์‚ถ์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถฅ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
05:56
What will happen next?
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์— ๋ฌด์Šจ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ ๊นŒ? ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
05:58
In other words, our fears make us think about the future.
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์ฆ‰, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:01
And humans, by the way, are the only creatures capable
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
06:03
of thinking about the future in this way,
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ฒด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:05
of projecting ourselves forward in time,
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์•ž์„œ ๊ณ„ํšํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ฒด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:08
and this mental time travel is just one more thing
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ •์‹ ์  ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์—ฌํ–‰์€ ์Šคํ† ๋ฆฌํ…”๋ง๊ณผ ๋‘๋ ค์›€ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜
06:10
that fears have in common with storytelling.
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณตํ†ต์  ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:14
As a writer, I can tell you that a big part of writing fiction
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์ž‘๊ฐ€๋กœ์„œ ์†Œ์„ค์„ ์“ธ๋•Œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€
06:16
is learning to predict how one event in a story
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์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ์†์˜ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์— ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น ์ง€๋ฅผ
06:18
will affect all the other events,
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์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:20
and fear works in that same way.
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๋‘๋ ค์›€๋„ ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:22
In fear, just like in fiction, one thing always leads to another.
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์†Œ์„ค์—์„œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ, ๋‘๋ ค์›€์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ด๋Œ์–ด ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:27
When I was writing my first novel, "The Age Of Miracles,"
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ €์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์†Œ์„ค "๊ธฐ์ ์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€"๋ฅผ ์“ธ ๋•Œ,
06:30
I spent months trying to figure out what would happen
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์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ์ž์ „์†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์ถฐ์ง€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด
06:33
if the rotation of the Earth suddenly began to slow down.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ๋™์•ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:36
What would happen to our days? What would happen to our crops?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ•˜๋ฃจ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ? ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋†์ž‘๋ฌผ๋“ค์€?
06:39
What would happen to our minds?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ƒ๊ธธ๊นŒ?
06:41
And then it was only later that I realized how very similar
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์ €๋Š” ๋‚˜์ค‘์—์„œ์•ผ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋“ค์ด
06:44
these questions were to the ones I used to ask myself
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์–ด๋ฆฐ ์‹œ์ ˆ, ๊ฒ๋งŽ๋˜ ์ œ ์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ
06:46
as a child frightened in the night.
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๋ฌป๋˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š”๊ฑธ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:48
If an earthquake strikes tonight, I used to worry,
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์ €๋Š” ์ข…์ข… ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋ฐค ์ง€์ง„์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
06:51
what will happen to our house? What will happen to my family?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ง‘์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ ์ง€, ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์งˆ์ง€, ๊ฑฑ์ •์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:55
And the answer to those questions always took the form of a story.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃน๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:59
So if we think of our fears as more than just fears
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์„ ๋‘๋ ค์›€ ๊ทธ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
07:02
but as stories, we should think of ourselves
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ์„
07:05
as the authors of those stories.
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๊ทธ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์†์˜ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:07
But just as importantly, we need to think of ourselves
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ์ด ๋‘๋ ค์›€์˜ ๋…์ž๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ
07:09
as the readers of our fears, and how we choose
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์„ ์ฝ๋Š”๊ฐ€๊ฐ€
07:11
to read our fears can have a profound effect on our lives.
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์ธ์ƒ์— ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:16
Now, some of us naturally read our fears more closely than others.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ค‘ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์„ ๋‚จ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ž˜ ์ฝ์–ด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:19
I read about a study recently of successful entrepreneurs,
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์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์ €๋Š” ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€๋“ค์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ฝ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:22
and the author found that these people shared a habit
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์ €์ž๋Š” ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด "์ƒ์‚ฐ์  ํŽธ์ง‘์ฆ"์ด๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
07:24
that he called "productive paranoia," which meant that
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์Šต๊ด€์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์ƒ์‚ฐ์  ํŽธ์ง‘์ฆ"์ด๋ž€,
07:28
these people, instead of dismissing their fears,
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์„ฑ๊ณตํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์„ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š”,
07:30
these people read them closely, they studied them,
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๋‘๋ ค์›€์„ ๋ฉด๋ฐ€ํžˆ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค ๋ณด๊ณ , ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•œ ํ›„,
07:33
and then they translated that fear into preparation and action.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ค€๋น„์™€ ํ–‰๋™์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์–ด ๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:36
So that way, if their worst fears came true,
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์ฆ‰, ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ตœ์•…์˜ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์ด ์‚ฌ์‹คํ™”๋˜์–ด๋„
07:38
their businesses were ready.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ฌ์—…์€ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
07:40
And sometimes, of course, our worst fears do come true.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ์ตœ์•…์˜ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์ด ์‹คํ˜„๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:45
That's one of the things that is so extraordinary about fear.
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์ด๋Š” ๋‘๋ ค์›€์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งค์šฐ ๋“œ๋ฌธ ์ผ๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:48
Once in a while, our fears can predict the future.
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๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์ด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ๊ฒฌํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:53
But we can't possibly prepare for all of the fears
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ƒ์ƒ๋ ฅ์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ด๋Š”
07:56
that our imaginations concoct.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋‘๋ ค์›€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:59
So how can we tell the difference between
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒํ•œ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‘๋ ค์›€๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€
08:01
the fears worth listening to and all the others?
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์–ด๋–ค ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
08:04
I think the end of the story of the whaleship Essex
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์ €๋Š” ์—์„น์Šคํ˜ธ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๋ง์ด ๋ช…์พŒํ•œ ์˜ˆ์‹œ๋ฅผ ์ค€๋‹ค๊ณ 
08:07
offers an illuminating, if tragic, example.
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋ก ๋น„๊ทน์ ์ผ์ง€๋ผ๋„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
08:11
After much deliberation, the men finally made a decision.
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์˜ค๋žœ ๊ณ ๋ฏผ ๋์—, ์„ ์›๋“ค์€ ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ๋‚ด๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:16
Terrified of cannibals, they decided to forgo the closest islands
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์‹์ธ์ข…์€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ์œ„ํ˜‘์ ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ฌ์€ ํฌ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:20
and instead embarked on the longer
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๋Œ€์‹ ์— ๋” ๋ฉ€๊ณ , ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์–ด๋ ค์šด ํ•ญ๋กœ์ธ
08:22
and much more difficult route to South America.
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๋‚จ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด๋กœ ์ถœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:25
After more than two months at sea, the men ran out of food
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๋ฐ”๋‹ค์—์„œ ๋‘๋‹ฌ ์ด์ƒ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ณ  ๋‚˜์ž, ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์˜ˆ์ƒํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด
08:29
as they knew they might,
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์‹๋Ÿ‰์€ ๊ณ ๊ฐˆ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:30
and they were still quite far from land.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์œก์ง€๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
08:33
When the last of the survivors were finally picked up
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์ƒ์กด์ž๋“ค์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋‘ ๋Œ€์˜ ๋ฐฐ์— ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
08:35
by two passing ships, less than half of the men were left alive,
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์„ ์›๋“ค ์ค‘ ๋ฐ˜๋„ ์ฑ„ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋งŒ์ด ์ƒ์กดํ•ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ ,
08:40
and some of them had resorted to their own form of cannibalism.
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๊ทธ๋“ค ์ค‘ ๋ช‡๋ช‡์€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์‹์ธ ํ–‰์œ„์— ์˜์กดํ•ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:45
Herman Melville, who used this story as research for "Moby Dick,"
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'๋ชจ๋น„ ๋”•'์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋กœ ์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ํ—ˆ๋จผ ๋ฉœ๋นŒ์€
08:48
wrote years later, and from dry land, quote,
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๋ช‡๋…„ ํ›„์— ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ์™„์„ฑํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ์šฉํ•ด ๋ณด์ž๋ฉด,
08:52
"All the sufferings of these miserable men of the Essex
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"์—์„น์Šค ํ˜ธ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฒช์€ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฐธํ˜นํ•œ ๊ณ ํ†ต์€
08:55
might in all human probability have been avoided
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ธ๊ฐ„๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ํ”ผํ•ด๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:57
had they, immediately after leaving the wreck,
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๊ทธ ๋‚œํŒŒ์„ ์„ ๋– ๋‚˜์ž ๋งˆ์ž,
09:00
steered straight for Tahiti.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํƒ€ํžˆํ‹ฐ๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•ด ๋˜‘๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:02
But," as Melville put it, "they dreaded cannibals."
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์‹์ธ์ข…๋“ค์„ ๋ชน์‹œ ๋‘๋ ค์›Œ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
09:06
So the question is, why did these men dread cannibals
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์˜๋ฌธ์ด ์ƒ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์„ ์›๋“ค์€
09:09
so much more than the extreme likelihood of starvation?
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๊ตถ์ฃผ๋ฆผ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ทน๋‹จ์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๋ณด๋‹ค ์™œ ์‹์ธ์ข…๋“ค์„ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋‘๋ ค์›Œ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
09:14
Why were they swayed by one story
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์™œ ์ด๋“ค์€ ํ•œ ์ชฝ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์—
09:15
so much more than the other?
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋™์š”๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
09:18
Looked at from this angle,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด,
09:20
theirs becomes a story about reading.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ฌ์—ฐ์€ ์ฝํ˜€์งˆ๋งŒํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:23
The novelist Vladimir Nabokov said that the best reader
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์†Œ์„ค๊ฐ€ ๋ธ”๋ผ๋””๋ฏธ๋ฅด ๋‚˜๋ณด์ฝ”ํ”„๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:26
has a combination of two very different temperaments,
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์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ๋…์ž๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ๋งค์šฐ ์ƒ์ดํ•œ ๊ธฐ์งˆ์ธ
09:28
the artistic and the scientific.
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์˜ˆ์ˆ ์  ๊ธฐ์งˆ๊ณผ ๊ณผํ•™์  ๊ธฐ์งˆ ๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:31
A good reader has an artist's passion,
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์ข‹์€ ๋…์ž๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ์†์— ๋น ์ ธ๋“ค๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š”
09:34
a willingness to get caught up in the story,
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์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€์˜ ์—ด์ •์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:36
but just as importantly, the readers also needs
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ ์€, ๋…์ž๋“ค์€
09:38
the coolness of judgment of a scientist,
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๊ณผํ•™์ž์˜ ํŒ๋‹จ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ƒ‰์ •ํ•จ ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:42
which acts to temper and complicate
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์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ฐ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ์›€์ง์ด์ง€๋งŒ,
09:43
the reader's intuitive reactions to the story.
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์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…์ž์˜ ๋ณธ๋Šฅ์ ์ธ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:46
As we've seen, the men of the Essex had no trouble with the artistic part.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์•˜๋˜ ๊ฒƒ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ, ์—์„น์Šค ํ˜ธ์˜ ์„ ์›๋“ค์€ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์  ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:50
They dreamed up a variety of horrifying scenarios.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ์†Œ๋ฆ„๋ผ์น˜๋Š” ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:53
The problem was that they listened to the wrong story.
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์— ๊ท€ ๊ธฐ์šธ์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:57
Of all the narratives their fears wrote,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์„œ์ˆ  ์ค‘์—,
09:59
they responded only to the most lurid, the most vivid,
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๋…์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ์ด๊ณ , ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ƒ๋™๊ฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์—๋งŒ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:03
the one that was easiest for their imaginations to picture:
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์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์‰ฌ์šด ๊ฒƒ.
10:06
cannibals.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์‹์ธ์ข…์ด์ฃ .
10:08
But perhaps if they'd been able to read their fears
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋…์ž๋“ค์ด ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ณผํ•™์ž์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํŒ๋‹จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ƒ‰์ •ํ•จ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ 
10:10
more like a scientist, with more coolness of judgment,
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์„ ์›๋“ค์˜ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์„ ์ฝ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
10:14
they would have listened instead to the less violent
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋œ ํญ๋ ฅ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์— ๊ท€ ๊ธฐ์šธ์˜€์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:17
but the more likely tale, the story of starvation,
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๋ฉœ๋นŒ์ด ๋…ผํ‰์—์„œ ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด, ๋” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ธ
10:20
and headed for Tahiti, just as Melville's sad commentary suggests.
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๊ตถ์ฃผ๋ฆผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์™€ ํƒ€ํžˆํ‹ฐ๋กœ์˜ ํ•ญํ•ด์— ๋” ๊ท€ ๊ธฐ์šธ์˜€๊ฒ ์ฃ .
10:26
And maybe if we all tried to read our fears,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์„ ์ฝ์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
10:28
we too would be less often swayed
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์—ญ์‹œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์™ธ์„ค์ ์ธ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
10:30
by the most salacious among them.
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๋œ ๋™์š”๋  ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:32
Maybe then we'd spend less time worrying about
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์•„๋งˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฐ์‡„ ์‚ด์ธ๊ณผ ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ ์ถฉ๋Œ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด
10:34
serial killers and plane crashes,
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๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋œ ๋ณด๋‚ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:36
and more time concerned with the subtler
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์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง๋ฉดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ๋” ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๊ณ 
10:38
and slower disasters we face:
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๋” ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ค๋Š” ์žฌ์•™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:40
the silent buildup of plaque in our arteries,
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๋™๋งฅ ๋‚ด์— ์กฐ์šฉํžˆ ์ถ•์ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์นจ์ „๋ฌผ์ด๋‚˜,
10:43
the gradual changes in our climate.
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๊ธฐํ›„์˜ ์ ์ง„์ ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:45
Just as the most nuanced stories in literature are often the richest,
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์ž‘ํ’ˆ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ฏธ๋ฌ˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋‹ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ,
10:49
so too might our subtlest fears be the truest.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“  ๋‘๋ ค์›€์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์„ค๋“๋ ฅ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:53
Read in the right way, our fears are an amazing gift
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๊ธ€์€ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ฝ์œผ์„ธ์š”. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์€ ์ƒ์ƒ๋ ฅ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ
10:56
of the imagination, a kind of everyday clairvoyance,
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๋†€๋ผ์šด ์„ ๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ญ์ƒ ์˜ˆ์ง€๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ฃ .
10:59
a way of glimpsing what might be the future
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์ผ์–ด ๋‚ ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‚ด์ง ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:02
when there's still time to influence how that future will play out.
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ ๋ ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
11:05
Properly read, our fears can offer us something as precious
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์ ์ ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฝ์œผ๋ฉด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์€ ๋ฌธํ•™์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ์š”์†Œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€
11:08
as our favorite works of literature:
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์†Œ์ค‘ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:11
a little wisdom, a bit of insight
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ž‘์€ ์ง€ํ˜œ์™€ ํ†ต์ฐฐ๋ ฅ,
11:14
and a version of that most elusive thing --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์–ป๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ธ
11:16
the truth.
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์ง„์‹ค์ด์ฃ .
11:17
Thank you. (Applause)
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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