Math class needs a makeover | Dan Meyer

366,112 views ใƒป 2010-05-13

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Tom Bielik ืžื‘ืงืจ: Sigal Tifferet
00:15
Can I ask you to please recall a time
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืžื›ื ืœื”ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ืคืขื
00:18
when you really loved something --
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืช ืื”ื‘ืชื ืžืฉื”ื•,
00:20
a movie, an album, a song or a book --
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ืกืจื˜, ืืœื‘ื•ื, ืฉื™ืจ ืื• ืกืคืจ,
00:22
and you recommended it wholeheartedly
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ื•ื”ืžืœืฆืชื ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ื—ื•ื
00:25
to someone you also really liked,
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ืœืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉืืชื ื‘ืืžืช ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื,
00:27
and you anticipated that reaction, you waited for it,
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ื•ืฆื™ืคื™ืชื ืœืชื’ื•ื‘ืชื•, ื—ื™ื›ื™ืชื ืœื”.
00:29
and it came back, and the person hated it?
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืื›ืŸ ื”ื’ื™ืขื”, ื•ืื•ืชื• ืื“ื ืฉื ื ืืช ื–ื”.
00:32
So, by way of introduction,
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ืื–, ื”ื”ืงื“ืžื” ื”ื–ื•
00:34
that is the exact same state
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ืžื“ื’ื™ืžื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืืช ื”ืžืฆื‘
00:36
in which I spent every working day of the last six years. (Laughter)
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ืื•ืชื• ืื ื™ ื—ื•ื•ื” ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืฉืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช.
00:39
I teach high school math.
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ืื ื™ ืžืœืžื“ ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ื‘ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ.
00:41
I sell a product to a market
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ืื ื™ ืžื•ื›ืจ ืžื•ืฆืจ ืœืฉื•ืง
00:44
that doesn't want it, but is forced by law to buy it.
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ืฉืœื ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื•, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื›ืจื— ืœืงื ื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ืœืคื™ ื”ื—ื•ืง.
00:47
I mean, it's just a losing proposition.
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ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ, ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ- ื–ืืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ืฆืขืช ื”ืคืกื“.
00:50
So there's a useful stereotype about students that I see,
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ื™ืฉ ืกื˜ืจื™ืื•ื˜ื™ืค ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ ืขืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืื”
00:53
a useful stereotype about you all.
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ืกื˜ืจื™ืื•ื˜ื™ืค ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื›ื•ืœื›ื.
00:55
I could give you guys
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ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืชืช ืœื›ื
00:57
an algebra-two final exam,
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ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ื‘ืืœื’ื‘ืจื” 2
00:59
and I would expect no higher
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ื•ืื ื™ ืืฆืคื” ืœื›ืš ืฉืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ 20 00:00:46,000 --> 00:00:48,000 ืž25% ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ืฆื™ื•ืŸ 'ืขื•ื‘ืจ'.
01:01
than a 25 percent pass rate.
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ืžืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœ 25 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ 'ืขื•ื‘ืจ'
01:03
And both of these facts say less about you or my students
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ื•ืฉืชื™ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืžืœืžื“ื•ืช ืื•ืชื ื• ืžืฉื”ื•,
01:06
than they do about what we call math education
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ืœื ืขืœื™ื›ื ืื• ืขืœ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื, ืืœื ืขืœ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืžืชืžื˜ื™
01:08
in the U.S. today.
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ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ื›ื™ื•ื.
01:10
To start with, I'd like to break math down into two categories.
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ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื—ืœืง ืืช ื”ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ืœืฉืชื™ ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื•ืช.
01:13
One is computation; this is the stuff you've forgotten.
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ืื—ืช ื”ื™ื ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื. ื–ื” ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ืฉืฉื›ื—ืชื.
01:16
For example, factoring quadratics with
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื, ืื™ืš ืœื—ืฉื‘ ืขืงื•ืžื” ืจื™ื‘ื•ืขื™ืช
01:18
leading coefficients greater than one.
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ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืžืงื“ืžื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžืื—ื“.
01:20
This stuff is also really easy to relearn,
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ืงืœ ืžืื•ื“ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื–ื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ
01:22
provided you have a really strong grounding
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ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ื‘ืกื™ืก ื—ื–ืง ื‘ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” -
01:24
in reasoning. Math reasoning --
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ื”ืกืงื” ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืช.
01:26
we'll call it the application
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื
01:28
of math processes to the world around us --
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ืฉืœ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืกื‘ื™ื‘ื ื•.
01:30
this is hard to teach.
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ื–ื” ืงืฉื” ืœืœืžื“.
01:32
This is what we would love students to retain,
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื™ื‘ื™ื ื•,
01:34
even if they don't go into mathematical fields.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื”ื ืœื ื™ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืžืชืžื˜ื™ื™ื.
01:36
This is also something that, the way we teach it in the U.S.
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ื•ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ืื ื• ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘
01:38
all but ensures they won't retain it.
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ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ื ืœื ื™ื‘ื™ื ื•.
01:41
So, I'd like to talk about why that is,
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ืื–, ืื ื™ ืื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื›ืš,
01:42
why that's such a calamity for society, what we can do about it
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ืขืœ ื”ื ื–ืง ืœื—ื‘ืจื”, ืขืœ ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช,
01:45
and, to close with, why this is an amazing time
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ื•ืœืกื™ื•ื, ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ ืžื“ื”ื™ื
01:47
to be a math teacher.
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืจื” ืœืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื”.
01:49
So first, five symptoms
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ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ืžื™ื ืฉืžืจืื™ื
01:51
that you're doing math reasoning wrong
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ืฉืืชื ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ื”ืกืงื” ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื’ื•ื™
01:53
in your classroom.
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ื‘ื›ื™ืชื” ืฉืœื›ื.
01:55
One is a lack of initiative; your students don't self-start.
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ืื—ื“ ื–ื” ื—ื•ืกืจ ื™ื•ื–ืžื”, ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœืš ืœื 'ืžืชื ื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื.'
01:58
You finish your lecture block
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ืืชื” ืžืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืฉืœืš
02:00
and immediately you have five hands going up
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ื•ืžื™ื“ ื™ืฉ ื—ืžืฉ ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจ,
02:02
asking you to re-explain the entire thing at their desks.
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ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืžืžืš ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ.
02:04
Students lack perseverance.
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ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื—ืกืจื™ ื”ืชืžื“ื”,
02:06
They lack retention; you find yourself
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ื”ื ื—ืกืจื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ. ืืชื” ืžื•ืฆื ืืช ืขืฆืžืš
02:08
re-explaining concepts three months later, wholesale.
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ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
02:10
There's an aversion to word problems,
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ื™ืฉ ืกืœื™ื“ื” ืžื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ื•ืช,
02:12
which describes 99 percent of my students.
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ื–ื” ืžืชืืจ 99 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™,
02:14
And then the other one percent
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ื•ื”ืื—ื•ื– ืฉื ื•ืชืจ
02:16
is eagerly looking for the formula
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ืžืฉืชื•ืงืง ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ื ื•ืกื—ื”
02:18
to apply in that situation.
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ืœื™ื™ืฉื ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืกื™ื˜ื•ืืฆื™ื”.
02:20
This is really destructive.
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ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ื”ืจืกื ื™.
02:22
David Milch, creator of "Deadwood" and other amazing TV shows,
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ืœื“ื™ื•ื•ื™ื“ ืžื™ืœืฅ', ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืฉืœ "ื“ื“ื•ื•ื“" ื•ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช,
02:25
has a really good description for this.
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ื™ืฉ ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืžืžืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืžืฆื‘ ื”ื–ื”.
02:28
He swore off creating
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืฆื”ื™ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืคืกื™ืง ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ
02:30
contemporary drama,
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ื“ืจืžื•ืช ืขื›ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืช,
02:32
shows set in the present day,
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ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืฉืžืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื”ื•ื•ื”.
02:34
because he saw that when people fill their mind
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ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื’ื™ืœื” ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืžืœืื™ื ืืช ืžื•ื—ื
02:36
with four hours a day of, for example, "Two and a Half Men," no disrespect,
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ืขื ืืจื‘ืข ืฉืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื, ืฉืœ 'ืฉื ื™ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื—ืฆื™',
02:39
it shapes the neural pathways, he said,
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ื–ื” ืžืขืฆื‘ ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื ื ื•ื™ืจื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื
02:41
in such a way that they expect simple problems.
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ื–ืืช ืฉื”ื ืžืฆืคื™ื ืœื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•ืช.
02:44
He called it, "an impatience with irresolution."
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ื”ื•ื ืงืจื ืœื–ื”, "ื—ื•ืกืจ ืกื‘ืœื ื•ืช ืœื—ื•ืกืจ ืคืชืจื•ืŸ."
02:47
You're impatient with things that don't resolve quickly.
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ืืชื ื—ืกืจื™ ืกื‘ืœื ื•ืช ื›ืœืคื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื ืคืชืจื™ื ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช.
02:50
You expect sitcom-sized problems that wrap up in 22 minutes,
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ืืชื ืžืฆืคื™ื ืœื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืคืจืง ื‘ืกื“ืจืช ืกื™ื˜ืงื•ื ืฉืžืชืžืฆื•ืช ื‘-22 ื“ืงื•ืช,
02:53
three commercial breaks and a laugh track.
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ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืคืกืงื•ืช ืคืจืกื•ืžืช ื•ืคืก ืงื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืฆื—ื•ืง.
02:56
And I'll put it to all of you,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ื–ืืช ืœื›ื•ืœื›ื,
02:59
what you already know, that no problem worth solving is that simple.
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ืžื” ืฉืืชื ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืฉื•ื•ื” ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”.
03:02
I am very concerned about this
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ืื ื™ ืžืื“ ืžื•ื“ืื’ ืžื–ื”,
03:04
because I'm going to retire in a world that my students will run.
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืืฆื ืœืคื ืกื™ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืื•ืชื• ื™ื ื”ืœื• ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™.
03:07
I'm doing bad things
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ืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืจืขื™ื
03:09
to my own future and well-being
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ืœืขืชื™ื“ ื•ืœืจื•ื•ื—ืชื™
03:11
when I teach this way.
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื™ ืžืœืžื“ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื–ืืช.
03:13
I'm here to tell you that the way our textbooks -- particularly
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ืื ื™ ื›ืืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื›ื ืฉื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ืกืคืจื™ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“
03:16
mass-adopted textbooks -- teach math reasoning
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ืกืคืจื™ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืฉืื•ืžืฆื• ื‘ืžืกื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช, ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ื”ืกืงื” ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืช
03:19
and patient problem solving,
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ื•ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืกื‘ืœื ื™
03:21
it's functionally equivalent to turning on "Two and a Half Men" and calling it a day.
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ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื” ืœื”ืกืชืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืฆืคื™ื™ื” ื‘ืคืจืง ืฉืœ 'ืฉื ื™ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื—ืฆื™'.
03:24
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
03:26
In all seriousness. Here's an example from a physics textbook.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืจืฆื™ื ื•ืช, ื”ื ื” ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืžืกืคืจ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืคื™ืกื™ืงื”,
03:29
It applies equally to math.
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ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื ื‘ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื”.
03:31
Notice, first of all here,
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ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืฉื›ืืŸ
03:33
that you have exactly three pieces of information there,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคื™ืกื•ืช ืžื™ื“ืข,
03:35
each of which will figure into a formula
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ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ ืชืชืื™ื ืœืชื•ืš ื”ื ื•ืกื—ื”
03:37
somewhere, eventually,
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ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื
03:39
which the student will then compute.
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ื•ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื™ืคืชืจื• ืื•ืชื”.
03:41
I believe in real life.
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ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื -
03:43
And ask yourself, what problem have you solved, ever,
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ื•ืชืฉืืœื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื, ืื™ื–ื• ื‘ืขื™ื” ืคืชืจืชื ืื™ ืคืขื,
03:45
that was worth solving
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ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœืคืชืจื•ืŸ,
03:47
where you knew all of the given information in advance;
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ืฉื‘ื” ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืจืืฉ?
03:49
where you didn't have a surplus of information and you had to filter it out,
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ืื• ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื›ื ืžื™ื“ืข ืขื•ื“ืฃ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืกื ืŸ?
03:52
or you didn't have sufficient information
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ืื• ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื›ื ืžื™ื“ืข ื—ืกืจ
03:54
and had to go find some.
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืื•ืชื•?
03:56
I'm sure we all agree that no problem worth solving is like that.
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ืชืกื›ื™ืžื• ืื™ืชื™ ืฉื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื” ื›ื–ืืช.
03:59
And the textbook, I think, knows how it's hamstringing students
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ื•ืกืคืจื™ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘, ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื–ื” ืคื•ื’ืข ื‘ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื.
04:02
because, watch this, this is the practice problem set.
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ื›ื™, ืชืจืื•, ืืœื” ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ืชืจื’ื•ืœ.
04:05
When it comes time to do the actual problem set,
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ื›ืฉืžื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ื•ืช,
04:07
we have problems like this right here
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื‘ืขื™ื” ื›ื–ืืช ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืืŸ,
04:09
where we're just swapping out numbers and tweaking the context a little bit.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืจืง ืžื•ื—ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื•ืžื›ื•ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืžืขื˜,
04:12
And if the student still doesn't recognize the stamp this was molded from,
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ื•ืื ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืขื“ื™ืŸ ืœื ืžื–ื”ื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื’ื ืžืžื ื• ื–ื” ื ืœืงื—,
04:15
it helpfully explains to you
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ื”ืกืคืจ, ื‘ื ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืชื•, ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœืš
04:17
what sample problem you can return to to find the formula.
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ืœืื™ื–ื• ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ื ื•ืกื—ื”.
04:20
You could literally, I mean this,
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ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืขืฆื
04:22
pass this particular unit without knowing any physics,
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ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื”ื–ืืช ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื“ืขืช ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืคื™ืกื™ืงื”.
04:25
just knowing how to decode a textbook. That's a shame.
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ืจืง ืœื“ืขืช ืื™ืš ืœืคืขื ื— ืืช ืกืคืจ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“. ื–ื” ื—ื‘ืœ.
04:28
So I can diagnose the problem a little more specifically in math.
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ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื”.
04:31
Here's a really cool problem. I like this.
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ื”ื ื” ื‘ืขื™ื” ืžื’ื ื™ื‘ื”. ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืื•ืชื”.
04:33
It's about defining steepness and slope
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ืื™ืš ืœืžืฆื•ื ืฉื™ืคื•ืข ืฉืœ ืžื“ืจื•ืŸ
04:35
using a ski lift.
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ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืžืขืœื™ืช ืกืงื™.
04:37
But what you have here is actually four separate layers,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขืฆื ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ื›ืืŸ ื–ื” ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช,
04:39
and I'm curious which of you can see the four separate layers
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ื•ืื ื™ ืกืงืจืŸ ืœื“ืขืช ืžื™ ืžื›ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืืจื‘ืข ื”ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ืคืจื“ื•ืช,
04:42
and, particularly, how when they're compressed together
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ื•ื‘ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“, ืื™ืš ื”ืŸ ื“ื—ื•ืกื•ืช ื‘ื™ื—ื“
04:45
and presented to the student all at once,
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ื•ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ ื‘ื‘ืช ืื—ืช,
04:47
how that creates this impatient problem solving.
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ื•ืื™ืš ื–ื” ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื—ืกืจ ืกื‘ืœื ื•ืช.
04:50
I'll define them here: You have the visual.
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ืื ื™ ืื’ื“ื™ืจ ืื•ืชืŸ ื›ืืŸ. ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™,
04:52
You also have the mathematical structure,
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ื™ืฉ ื’ื ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืžืชืžื˜ื™,
04:54
talking about grids, measurements, labels,
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ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืจืฉืช, ืžื“ื™ื“ื•ืช, ืชื•ื•ื™ื•ืช
04:56
points, axes, that sort of thing.
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ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช, ืฆื™ืจื™ื, ื›ืืœื” ืžื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
04:58
You have substeps, which all lead to what we really want to talk about:
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ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืืช ืฉืœื‘ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื, ืฉืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืœืฉืืœื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ื•ื”ื™ื
05:01
which section is the steepest.
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ืžื”ื• ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืชืœื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ?
05:03
So I hope you can see.
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื,
05:05
I really hope you can see how what we're doing here
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ืื ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื›ืืŸ
05:07
is taking a compelling question, a compelling answer,
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ื–ื” ืœืงื—ืช ืฉืืœื” ืžืจืชืงืช, ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืžืจืชืงืช
05:09
but we're paving a smooth, straight path
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ื•ืœืกืœื•ืœ ื“ืจืš ื—ืœืงื” ื•ื™ืฉืจื”
05:11
from one to the other
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ืžื”ืื—ืช ืœืฉื ื™ื”,
05:13
and congratulating our students for how well
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ื•ืœื‘ืจืš ืืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื
05:15
they can step over the small cracks in the way.
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ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžื›ืฉื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš.
05:17
That's all we're doing here.
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ื–ื” ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื›ืืŸ.
05:19
So I want to put to you that if we can separate these in a different way
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ืื– ืื ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ ืืช ืืœื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ืื—ืจืช
05:21
and build them up with students,
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ื•ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืื•ืชื ืขื ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื,
05:23
we can have everything we're looking for in terms of patient problem solving.
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ื ืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืกื‘ืœื ื™.
05:26
So right here I start with the visual,
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ืื– ื›ืืŸ, ืื ื™ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ื”ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™
05:28
and I immediately ask the question:
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžื™ื“ ืฉื•ืืœ ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื”
05:30
Which section is the steepest?
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ืื™ื–ื” ื—ืœืง ื”ื•ื ื”ืชืœื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ?
05:32
And this starts conversation
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื“ื™ื•ืŸ
05:34
because the visual is created in such a way where you can defend two answers.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ ื ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื›ื–ืืช ืฉืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ืฉืชื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช.
05:37
So you get people arguing against each other,
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ืื– ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืชื•ื•ื›ื—ื™ื ืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืฉื ื™,
05:39
friend versus friend,
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ื—ื‘ืจ ื ื’ื“ ื—ื‘ืจ,
05:41
in pairs, journaling, whatever.
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ื‘ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช, ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช, ืžื” ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื”.
05:43
And then eventually we realize
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ื•ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืžืกื•ื™ื
05:45
it's getting annoying to talk about
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ื–ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืขืฆื‘ืŸ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ
05:47
the skier in the lower left-hand side of the screen
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ื”ื’ื•ืœืฉ ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืฉืžืืœื™ ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืกืš,
05:49
or the skier just above the mid line.
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ืื• ื”ื’ื•ืœืฉ ืฉืžืขืœ ืงื• ื”ืืžืฆืข.
05:51
And we realize how great would it be
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ื•ืื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื ืคืœื
05:53
if we just had some A, B, C and D labels
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ืื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ื›ืžื” ืชื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ A, B, C ื•- D
05:55
to talk about them more easily.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืงืœื•ืช.
05:57
And then as we start to define what does steepness mean,
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ื•ืื–, ื›ืฉืื ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืžื”ื• ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ืข
06:00
we realize it would be nice to have some measurements
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ืื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื, ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื ื—ืžื“ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื›ืžื” ืžื“ื™ื“ื•ืช
06:02
to really narrow it down, specifically what that means.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืžืžืฉ ืœืฆืžืฆื ืืช ื–ื”, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžื” ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ื–ื”.
06:05
And then and only then,
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ื•ืื–, ื•ืจืง ืื–,
06:07
we throw down that mathematical structure.
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ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืžืชืžื˜ื™.
06:09
The math serves the conversation,
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ื”ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ืžืฉืจืชืช ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื—ื”,
06:11
the conversation doesn't serve the math.
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ื”ืฉื™ื—ื” ืื™ื ื• ืžืฉืจืชืช ืืช ื”ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื”,
06:13
And at that point, I'll put it to you that nine out of 10 classes
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ื•ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื–ื•, ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืœื›ื ืฉืชืฉืข ืžืชื•ืš ืขืฉืจ ื›ื™ืชื•ืช
06:16
are good to go on the whole slope, steepness thing.
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ืžื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืขื ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ืข ื•ื”ืžืชืœื•ืœ ื›ื•ืœื•.
06:18
But if you need to,
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ืืš ืื ืฆืจื™ืš,
06:20
your students can then develop those substeps together.
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ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืื– ืœืคืชื— ืืช ืฆืขื“ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ื“.
06:22
Do you guys see how this, right here, compared to that --
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ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืื™ืš ื–ื”, ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืืŸ, ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœื›ืืŸ
06:25
which one creates that patient problem solving, that math reasoning?
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืื—ื“ ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืืช ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืกื‘ืœื ื™, ื”ื”ืกืงื” ื”ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืช?
06:28
It's been obvious in my practice, to me.
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ื–ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœื™, ื‘ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืฉืœื™.
06:31
And I'll yield the floor here for a second to Einstein,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืืชืŸ ื–ื›ื•ืช ืงื“ื™ืžื” ืœืื™ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ
06:33
who, I believe, has paid his dues.
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ืืฉืจ, ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ, ืฉื™ืœื ืืช ื—ื•ื‘ื•.
06:35
He talked about the formulation of a problem being so incredibly important,
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ื”ื•ื ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื ื™ืกื•ื— ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืžืื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘.
06:38
and yet in my practice, in the U.S. here,
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ื•ืขื ื–ืืช, ื‘ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืฉืœื™, ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘
06:40
we just give problems to students;
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ืื ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื,
06:42
we don't involve them in the formulation of the problem.
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ืื ื• ืœื ืžืขืจื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ื ื™ืกื•ื— ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”.
06:46
So 90 percent of what I do
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ื›ืš ืฉ-90 ืื—ื•ื“ ืžืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื”
06:48
with my five hours of prep time per week
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ื‘ื—ืžืฉ ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ื”ื›ื ื” ืฉืœื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ื•ืข,
06:50
is to take fairly compelling elements
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ื–ื” ืœืงื—ืช ืืœืžื ื˜ื™ื ืžืจืชืงื™ื
06:53
of problems like this from my textbook
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ืฉืœ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื–ื• ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“,
06:55
and rebuild them in a way that supports math reasoning and patient problem solving.
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ื•ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืื•ืชืŸ ืžื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉืชื•ืžื›ืช ื‘ื”ืกืงื” ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืช ื•ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืกื‘ืœื ื™.
06:58
And here's how it works.
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ื•ื›ื›ื” ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“.
07:00
I like this question. It's about a water tank.
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ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื–ืืช. ื”ื™ื ืขืœ ืžื™ื›ืœ ืžื™ื.
07:02
The question is: How long will it take you to fill it up?
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ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื™ื: ื›ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ ื™ื™ืงื— ืœืš ืœืžืœื ืืช ื”ืžื™ื›ืœ? ื‘ืกื“ืจ?
07:04
First things first, we eliminate all the substeps.
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ื“ื‘ืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืื ื• ืžื•ื—ืงื™ื ืืช ืฆืขื“ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื,
07:06
Students have to develop those,
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ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืคืชื— ืืช ืืœื”,
07:08
they have to formulate those.
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ื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืคืชื— ืื•ืชื.
07:10
And then notice that all the information written on there is stuff you'll need.
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ื•ืื– ืชืจืื• ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™,
07:13
None of it's a distractor, so we lose that.
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ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื• ื”ืกื—ืช ื“ืขืช, ืื– ืื ื• ืžื•ื—ืงื™ื ืืช ื–ื”,
07:15
Students need to decide, "All right, well,
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ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜:
07:17
does the height matter? Does the side of it matter?
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ื”ืื ื”ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืžืฉื ื”? ื”ืื ื”ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืžืฉื ื”?
07:19
Does the color of the valve matter? What matters here?"
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ื”ืื ื”ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืกืชื•ื ืžืฉื ื”? ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืคื”?
07:22
Such an underrepresented question in math curriculum.
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ืฉืืœื” ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ืช ืฉื‘ื“"ื› ืœื ื ืฉืืœืช ื‘ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื”.
07:25
So now we have a water tank.
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ืื– ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžื™ื›ืœ ืžื™ื.
07:27
How long will it take you to fill it up? And that's it.
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ื›ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ ื™ื™ืงื— ืœื ื• ืœืžืœื ืื•ืชื•?
07:29
And because this is the 21st century
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ื•ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืื ื• ื‘ืžืื” ื”-21,
07:31
and we would love to talk about the real world on its own terms,
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ื•ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื,
07:34
not in terms of line art or clip art
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ื•ืœื ื‘ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ืœื™ื™ืŸ-ืืจื˜ ื•ืงืœื™ืค-ืืจื˜
07:37
that you so often see in textbooks,
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ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืกืคืจื™ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“,
07:39
we go out and we take a picture of it.
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ืื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ื•ืžืฆืœืžื™ื ืืช ื–ื”.
07:41
So now we have the real deal.
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ืื– ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™.
07:43
How long will it take it to fill it up?
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ื›ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ ื™ื™ืงื— ืœืžืœื ืืช ื–ื”?
07:45
And then even better is we take a video,
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ื™ืชืจื” ืžื–ืืช, ืื ื• ืžืฆืœืžื™ื ืกืจื˜ ื•ื™ื“ืื•
07:47
a video of someone filling it up.
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ืฉืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉืžืžืœื ืืช ื”ืžื™ื›ืœ,
07:50
And it's filling up slowly, agonizingly slowly.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืชืžืœื ืœืื˜, ืœืื˜, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ื™ืกืจ.
07:52
It's tedious.
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ื–ื” ืžื™ื™ื’ืข.
07:54
Students are looking at their watches, rolling their eyes,
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ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ื‘ืฉืขื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื, ืžื’ืœื’ืœื™ื ืืช ืขื™ื ื™ื”ื,
07:56
and they're all wondering at some point or another,
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ื•ื›ื•ืœื ืชื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื›ื–ื• ืื• ืื—ืจืช:
07:59
"Man, how long is it going to take to fill up?"
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"ืื•ืฃ, ื›ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ ื–ื” ืœื•ืงื— ืœืžืœื ืืช ื”ืžื™ื›ืœ?"
08:02
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
08:07
That's how you know you've baited the hook, right?
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ื›ืš ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื”ื ื ืฉื›ื• ืืช ื”ืคื™ืชื™ื•ืŸ.
08:11
And that question, off this right here, is really fun for me
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ื•ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื–ืืช, ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืืŸ, ื–ื” ื›ื™ืฃ ืืžื™ืชื™ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™,
08:14
because, like the intro,
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจืชื™ ื‘ื”ืงื“ืžื”,
08:16
I teach kids -- because of my inexperience --
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ืื ื™ ืžืœืžื“ ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™.
08:19
I teach the kids that are the most remedial, all right?
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ืื ื™ ืžืœืžื“ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉื”ื ื”ื›ื™ ื‘ืจื™ ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ.
08:21
And I've got kids who will not join a conversation about math
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื™ืฉืชืชืคื• ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื”
08:24
because someone else has the formula;
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ื›ื™ ืœืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื ื•ืกื—ื”.
08:26
someone else knows how to work the formula better than me,
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ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื™ืš ื”ื ื•ืกื—ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืžื ื™,
08:29
so I won't talk about it.
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืœื ืื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื–ื”.
08:31
But here, every student is on a level playing field of intuition.
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืืŸ, ื›ื•ืœื ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืจืžื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉื—ืง ืื™ื ื˜ื•ืื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™,
08:34
Everyone's filled something up with water before,
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ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื™ืœื ืžืฉื”ื• ืขื ืžื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ืจ.
08:37
so I get kids answering the question, "How long will it take?"
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ืื– ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืขื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉืืœื”, ื›ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ ื–ื” ื™ื™ืงื—.
08:40
I've got kids who are mathematically and conversationally intimidated
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืžืคื•ื—ื“ื™ื ืžืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ื•ืžื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื
08:43
joining the conversation.
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ืฉืžืฆื˜ืจืคื™ื ืœืฉื™ื—ื”.
08:45
We put names on the board, attach them to guesses,
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ืื ื• ืจื•ืฉืžื™ื ืฉืžื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืœื•ื—, ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื ืœื ื™ื—ื•ืฉื™ื
08:48
and kids have bought in here.
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ื•ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืžื”ืžืจื™ื.
08:50
And then we follow the process I've described.
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ื•ืื– ืื ื• ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืชื™ืืจืชื™,
08:52
And the best part here, or one of the better parts
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ื•ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื›ืืŸ, ืื• ืื—ื“ ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื,
08:54
is that we don't get our answer from the answer key
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืื ื• ืœื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืžืžืคืชื— ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช
08:56
in the back of the teacher's edition.
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ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ืกืคืจ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืœืžื•ืจื”,
08:58
We, instead, just watch the end of the movie.
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ืืช, ืื ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืกืจื˜.
09:01
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
09:03
And that's terrifying,
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื‘ืขื™ืช, ื‘ืืžืช,
09:05
because the theoretical models that always work out
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉืชืžื™ื“ ืžืกืชื“ืจื™ื
09:07
in the answer key in the back of a teacher's edition,
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ื‘ืžืคืชื— ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืกืคืจ ื”ืžื•ืจื”,
09:09
that's great, but
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ื–ื” ื ืคืœื, ืื‘ืœ
09:11
it's scary to talk about sources of error
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ื–ื” ืžืคื—ื™ื“ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื˜ืขื•ืช
09:13
when the theoretical does not match up with the practical.
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื” ืœื ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœืžืขืฉื”.
09:15
But those conversations have been so valuable,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื”ื™ื• ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช,
09:17
among the most valuable.
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ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
09:19
So I'm here to report some really fun games
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืกืคืจ ืขืœ ื›ืžื” ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืžื”ื ื™ื
09:21
with students who come pre-installed
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ืฉื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ื›ื‘ืจ
09:23
with these viruses day one of the class.
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ืขื ื”ื•ื™ืจื•ืกื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืžื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ.
09:25
These are the kids who now, one semester in,
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ืืœื• ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืœืื—ืจ ืกืžืกื˜ืจ ืื—ื“,
09:28
I can put something on the board,
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ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืžืฉื”ื• ืขืœ ื”ืœื•ื— ืฉืœื”ื,
09:30
totally new, totally foreign,
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ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื—ื“ืฉ, ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื–ืจ,
09:32
and they'll have a conversation about it for three or four minutes more
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ื•ื”ื ื™ื ื”ืœื• ืฉื™ื—ื” ืขืœ ื–ื” ืœืžืฉืš ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืื• ืืจื‘ืข ื“ืงื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ
09:34
than they would have at the start of the year,
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ืžืžื” ืฉืขืฉื• ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืฉื ื”,
09:36
which is just so fun.
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ื•ื–ื” ื›ื™ืฃ ืื“ื™ืจ.
09:38
We're no longer averse to word problems,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ืกื•ืœื“ื™ื ืžื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ื•ืช
09:41
because we've redefined what a word problem is.
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื’ื“ืจื ื• ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืžื”ื™ ื‘ืขื™ื” ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ืช.
09:44
We're no longer intimidated by math,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ืžืคื•ื—ื“ื™ื ืžืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื”,
09:46
because we're slowly redefining what math is.
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื’ื“ื™ืจื™ื ืžื”ื™ ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื”.
09:48
This has been a lot of fun.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืื“ ื›ื™ื™ืคื™.
09:50
I encourage math teachers I talk to to use multimedia,
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ืื ื™ ืžืขื•ื“ื“ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืœืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ืื™ืชื ืื ื™ ืžืฉื•ื—ื— ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื•ืœื˜ื™ืžื“ื™ื”
09:53
because it brings the real world into your classroom
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ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืžื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืœื›ื™ืชื” ืฉืœืš
09:55
in high resolution and full color;
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ื‘ืจื–ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื•ื‘ืฆื‘ืข ืžืœื,
09:57
to encourage student intuition for that level playing field;
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ืœืขื•ื“ื“ ืืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ื•ืื™ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ,
10:00
to ask the shortest question you possibly can
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ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•ืช ืฉืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ
10:02
and let those more specific questions come out in conversation;
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ื•ืœืชืช ืœืื•ืชืŸ ืฉืืœื•ืช ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ืœืฆืืช ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื”,
10:05
to let students build the problem,
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ืœืชืช ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืœื ืกื— ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”,
10:07
because Einstein said so;
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืืžืจ ื›ืš,
10:09
and to finally, in total, just be less helpful,
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ, ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืคื—ื•ืช,
10:12
because the textbook is helping you in all the wrong ways:
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ื›ื™ ืกืคืจ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœืš ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื”ืฉื’ื•ื™ื•ืช,
10:14
It's buying you out of your obligation,
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ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืžืžืš ืืช ื”ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช
10:17
for patient problem solving and math reasoning, to be less helpful.
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ืœืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืกื‘ืœื ื™ ื•ื”ืกืงื” ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืช.
10:20
And why this is an amazing time to be a math teacher right now
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ื•ืœืžื” ื–ื• ืชืงื•ืคื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืจื” ืœืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื”?
10:23
is because we have the tools to create
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ื›ืœื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ
10:25
this high-quality curriculum in our front pocket.
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ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืจืžื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื›ื™ืก ื”ืงื“ืžื™ ืฉืœื ื•.
10:27
It's ubiquitous and fairly cheap,
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ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื•ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืœ.
10:29
and the tools to distribute it
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ื•ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืคื™ืฅ ืืช ื–ื”
10:31
freely under open licenses
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ื‘ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื•ืช, ืชื—ืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืคืชื•ื—,
10:33
has also never been cheaper or more ubiquitous.
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ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื›ื” ื–ื•ืœื” ืื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”.
10:36
I put a video series on my blog not so long ago
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ื”ืขืœื™ืชื™ ืกื“ืจืช ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืœื‘ืœื•ื’ ืฉืœื™ ืœื ืžื–ืžืŸ
10:38
and it got 6,000 views in two weeks.
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ื•ื”ื ืงื™ื‘ืœื• 6,000 ืฆืคื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื.
10:41
I get emails still from teachers in countries I've never visited
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ืื ื™ ืขื“ื™ืŸ ืžืงื‘ืœ ืžื™ื™ืœื™ื ืžืžื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื‘ื™ืงืจืชื™ ื‘ื”ืŸ
10:44
saying, "Wow, yeah. We had a good conversation about that.
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ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื "ื•ื•ืื•, ื›ืŸ. ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื ื• ืฉื™ื—ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื–ื”
10:47
Oh, and by the way, here's how I made your stuff better,"
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ื•ื“ืจืš ืื’ื‘, ื›ืš ืฉื™ืคืจืชื™ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ืฉืœืš."
10:50
which, wow.
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ื•ื•ืื•.
10:52
I put this problem on my blog recently:
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ื”ืขืœื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื–ืืช ืœื‘ืœื•ื’ ืฉืœื™ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”.
10:54
In a grocery store, which line do you get into,
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ื‘ื—ื ื•ืช ืžื›ื•ืœืช, ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืชื•ืจ ืชืขืžื•ื“
10:56
the one that has one cart and 19 items
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ื‘ื–ื” ืฉื‘ื• ื™ืฉ ืขื’ืœื” ืื—ืช ืขื 19 ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื,
10:58
or the line with four carts and three, five, two and one items.
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ืื• ื‘ื–ื” ืขื ืืจื‘ืข ืขื’ืœื•ืช ื•ืฉืœื•ืฉื”, ื—ืžื™ืฉื”, ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื•ืคืจื™ื˜ ืื—ื“?
11:01
And the linear modeling involved in that was some good stuff for my classroom,
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ื•ื”ืžื•ื“ื•ืœืฆื™ื” ื”ืœื™ื ื™ืืจื™ืช ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ืช ื‘ื–ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื—ื•ืžืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื‘ื›ื™ืชื”,
11:04
but it eventually got me on "Good Morning America" a few weeks later,
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื™ ืœ"ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืืžืจื™ืงื”" ืœืื—ืจ ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช,
11:07
which is just bizarre, right?
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ืžื” ืฉืžืžืฉ ืžื•ื–ืจ.
11:09
And from all of this, I can only conclude
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ื•ืžื›ืœ ื–ื”, ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืจืง ืœืกื›ื ื•ืœื•ืžืจ
11:11
that people, not just students,
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ืฉืื ืฉื™ื, ืœื ืจืง ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื,
11:13
are really hungry for this.
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ืžืื“ ืžืฉืชื•ืงืงื™ื ืœื–ื”.
11:15
Math makes sense of the world.
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ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ.
11:17
Math is the vocabulary
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ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ื”ื™ื ืžื™ืœื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื
11:19
for your own intuition.
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ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ื•ืื™ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœืš.
11:21
So I just really encourage you, whatever your stake is in education --
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ืื– ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื•ื“ื“ ืื•ืชืš, ืœืœื ืงืฉืจ ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ืš ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™,
11:24
whether you're a student, parent, teacher, policy maker, whatever --
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ืื ืืชื” ืชืœืžื™ื“, ื”ื•ืจื”, ืžื•ืจื”, ืงื•ื‘ืข ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช, ืžื” ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื”,
11:27
insist on better math curriculum.
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ืชืชืขืงืฉ ืขืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื”.
11:30
We need more patient problem solvers. Thank you. (Applause)
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ืื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืขื•ื“ ืคื•ืชืจื™ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืกื‘ืœื ื™ื™ื. ืชื•ื“ื”.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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