Math class needs a makeover | Dan Meyer

366,112 views ใƒป 2010-05-13

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Seokjun Kim ๊ฒ€ํ† : InHyuk Song
00:15
Can I ask you to please recall a time
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ง„์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ
00:18
when you really loved something --
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์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ธฐ์–ต์„ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ ค ๋ณด์‹œ๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:20
a movie, an album, a song or a book --
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์˜ํ™”, ์•จ๋ฒ”, ๋…ธ๋ž˜ ๋˜๋Š” ์ฑ… ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์„
00:22
and you recommended it wholeheartedly
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ
00:25
to someone you also really liked,
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์ง„์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ถŒํ•˜๊ณ 
00:27
and you anticipated that reaction, you waited for it,
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ ธ๋”๋‹ˆ
00:29
and it came back, and the person hated it?
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๋ฐ›๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์‹ซ์–ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:32
So, by way of introduction,
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๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฐ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด
00:34
that is the exact same state
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‚œ 6๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ๋งค์ผ
00:36
in which I spent every working day of the last six years. (Laughter)
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ํ•ด ์™”๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ผ์น˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:39
I teach high school math.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:41
I sell a product to a market
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์ €๋Š” ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์›์น˜ ์•Š๋Š”, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜
00:44
that doesn't want it, but is forced by law to buy it.
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๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋งค๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•์š”๋˜๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ํŒ๋งคํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:47
I mean, it's just a losing proposition.
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์ž˜ ๋  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€๋ฐ ๋Š˜ ์‹คํŒจํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:50
So there's a useful stereotype about students that I see,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ดค๋˜ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—๋„ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:53
a useful stereotype about you all.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:55
I could give you guys
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ
00:57
an algebra-two final exam,
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๋Œ€์ˆ˜ํ•™ 2 ๊ธฐ๋ง ์‹œํ—˜์ง€๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๋ฉด
00:59
and I would expect no higher
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ค‘์˜ 25% ์ดํ•˜๋งŒ์ด
01:01
than a 25 percent pass rate.
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ํ†ต๊ณผํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:03
And both of these facts say less about you or my students
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์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ํ–‰ํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ์ด๋ฅธ๋ฐ”
01:06
than they do about what we call math education
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์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๊ต์œก์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
01:08
in the U.S. today.
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๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:10
To start with, I'd like to break math down into two categories.
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์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์•ž์„œ, ์ €๋Š” ์ˆ˜ํ•™์„ ๋‘ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:13
One is computation; this is the stuff you've forgotten.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ๋ถ„์•ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด๊ณ ์š”.
01:16
For example, factoring quadratics with
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์ด๋ฅผํ…Œ๋ฉด ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 1๋ณด๋‹ค ํฐ ์ด์ฐจ ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์˜
01:18
leading coefficients greater than one.
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์ธ์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํ•ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:20
This stuff is also really easy to relearn,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์€, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ฆ๋ช…, ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ์ฆ๋ช…์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์—
01:22
provided you have a really strong grounding
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๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ชฐ๋‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ์—๋Š”
01:24
in reasoning. Math reasoning --
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:26
we'll call it the application
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
01:28
of math processes to the world around us --
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์ˆ˜ํ•™์ ์ธ ์ ‘๊ทผ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฅธ๋ฐ” ์‘์šฉ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”
01:30
this is hard to teach.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๊ธฐ ๋ชน์‹œ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:32
This is what we would love students to retain,
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์‘์šฉ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ, ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ์ง„์ถœํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋”๋ผ๋„,
01:34
even if they don't go into mathematical fields.
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๊ทธ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ณด์œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ธธ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
This is also something that, the way we teach it in the U.S.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:38
all but ensures they won't retain it.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๋„ ๊ทธ ์ง€์‹์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:41
So, I'd like to talk about why that is,
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ด ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋นŒ๋ ค ์ €๋Š”
01:42
why that's such a calamity for society, what we can do about it
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์™œ ์ด ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์žฌ๋‚œ์ด ํŽผ์ณ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€,
01:45
and, to close with, why this is an amazing time
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ, ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
01:47
to be a math teacher.
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์™œ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:49
So first, five symptoms
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๋จผ์ €, ๊ต์‹ค์—์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š”
01:51
that you're doing math reasoning wrong
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์ˆ˜ํ•™ ์ฆ๋ช…์ด ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์ ์„ 5๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ˜„์ƒ์œผ๋กœ
01:53
in your classroom.
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์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:55
One is a lack of initiative; your students don't self-start.
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์ฒซ์งธ๋Š” ๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ถ€์กฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.; ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:58
You finish your lecture block
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ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์—… ๋ถ„์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋‹ค ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ฉด,
02:00
and immediately you have five hands going up
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์ฆ‰์‹œ 5๋ช… ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ์†์„ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋ฐฐ์› ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์„
02:02
asking you to re-explain the entire thing at their desks.
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์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ฑ…์ƒ์—์„œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ์ฃผ๊ธธ ์š”์ฒญํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:04
Students lack perseverance.
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ์ธ๋‚ด์‹ฌ์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:06
They lack retention; you find yourself
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์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์–ต๋ ฅ์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.; ์•ฝ 3๊ฐœ์›” ํ›„์—”
02:08
re-explaining concepts three months later, wholesale.
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์žฌ๊ณ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ํ•˜๋“ฏ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด ์ฃผ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:10
There's an aversion to word problems,
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๋˜ '๋ฌธ์ œ(Problem)'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๋‰˜์•™์Šค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
02:12
which describes 99 percent of my students.
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์ œ ์ˆ˜์—…์˜ 99%์˜ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€๊ฐ์„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด๊ณ 
02:14
And then the other one percent
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์˜ค์ง 1% ์ •๋„์˜ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค๋งŒ์ด
02:16
is eagerly looking for the formula
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์ƒํ™ฉ์— ์ ๋‹นํ•œ ๊ณต์‹์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๋ ค๋Š”
02:18
to apply in that situation.
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์˜์š•์„ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:20
This is really destructive.
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์•„์ฃผ ๋น„์ƒ์‚ฐ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:22
David Milch, creator of "Deadwood" and other amazing TV shows,
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์œ ๋ช… ๋ฐฉ์†ก ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ "๋ฐ๋“œ์šฐ๋“œ(Deadwood)"์˜ ์ œ์ž‘์ž์ธ ๋ฐ์ด๋น„๋“œ ๋ฐ€์น˜(David Milch)๋Š” ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ
02:25
has a really good description for this.
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๋ช…์พŒํ•œ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:28
He swore off creating
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๋ฐ์ด๋น„๋“œ๋Š” ํ˜„๋Œ€์‹œ๋Œ€์˜
02:30
contemporary drama,
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์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š”
02:32
shows set in the present day,
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๋“œ๋ผ๋งˆ๋Š” ๋งŒ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค ์„ ์–ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:34
because he saw that when people fill their mind
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๋ฐ์ด๋น„๋“œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— 4์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ
02:36
with four hours a day of, for example, "Two and a Half Men," no disrespect,
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"๋‘ ๋‚จ์ž์™€ 1/2" ๊ฐ™์€ ๋“œ๋ผ๋งˆ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด์„œ
02:39
it shapes the neural pathways, he said,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋น„๊ต์  ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜๋Š”
02:41
in such a way that they expect simple problems.
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์‹ ๊ฒฝ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:44
He called it, "an impatience with irresolution."
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ "์šฐ์œ ๋ถ€๋‹จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดˆ์กฐํ•จ"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ €์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:47
You're impatient with things that don't resolve quickly.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ดˆ์กฐํ•ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:50
You expect sitcom-sized problems that wrap up in 22 minutes,
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22๋ถ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์›ƒ๊ณ , ๊ด‘๊ณ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ์ž ๊น ์‰ฌ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ฐ€, ์›ƒ๋Š”
02:53
three commercial breaks and a laugh track.
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์‹œํŠธ์ฝค ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:56
And I'll put it to all of you,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ์•„์‹œ๋Š”
02:59
what you already know, that no problem worth solving is that simple.
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๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ, ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ(์‰ฌ์šด) ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ํ’€๋งŒ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:02
I am very concerned about this
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์ „ ์–ธ์  ๊ฐ€ ์ œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐˆ
03:04
because I'm going to retire in a world that my students will run.
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์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉฐ ์€ํ‡ดํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข€ ๊ฑฑ์ •์Šค๋Ÿฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:07
I'm doing bad things
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹(๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ’€์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ)์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ๊ฑด
03:09
to my own future and well-being
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์ € ํ˜ผ์ž ์ž˜ ๋จน๊ณ  ์ž˜์‚ด๋ ค๊ณ 
03:11
when I teach this way.
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๋‚˜์œ ์ง“์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:13
I'm here to tell you that the way our textbooks -- particularly
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์ ์–ด๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ๋Š”, ํŠนํžˆ ๋„๋ฆฌ ์“ฐ์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ๋Š”
03:16
mass-adopted textbooks -- teach math reasoning
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์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ์ถ”๋ก ๊ณผ ์ฐธ์„์„ฑ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋ฐฉ์‹์„
03:19
and patient problem solving,
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๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:21
it's functionally equivalent to turning on "Two and a Half Men" and calling it a day.
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"๋‘ ๋‚จ์ž์™€ 1/2"๋ฅผ ์ผœ๊ณ  ์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ์ด์ œ ์‰ฌ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ผ์น˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:24
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
03:26
In all seriousness. Here's an example from a physics textbook.
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์ง„์ง€ํ•ด์ง€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜จ ์˜ˆ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:29
It applies equally to math.
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์ˆ˜ํ•™๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์—†์ฃ .
03:31
Notice, first of all here,
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ
03:33
that you have exactly three pieces of information there,
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์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„ธ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:35
each of which will figure into a formula
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์ด ์„ธ๊ฐœ๋Š” ๊ณต์‹ ์† ์–ด๋”˜๊ฐ€๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€์„œ
03:37
somewhere, eventually,
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์€
03:39
which the student will then compute.
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:41
I believe in real life.
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์ „ ์ง„์งœ ์‚ถ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:43
And ask yourself, what problem have you solved, ever,
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์Šค์Šค๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ์ง์ ‘ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜์„œ ๋‹น๋ฉดํ•˜์—ฌ ํ’€์–ด๋‚ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ ์ค‘์—์„œ
03:45
that was worth solving
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ํ’€ ๋งŒํ•œ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ „์ œํ•˜์—
03:47
where you knew all of the given information in advance;
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๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ์–ด๋–ค ์ •๋ณด ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
03:49
where you didn't have a surplus of information and you had to filter it out,
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ง€ ์•Š์•„์„œ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋งŒ ๊ฑธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
03:52
or you didn't have sufficient information
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์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€
03:54
and had to go find some.
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์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์ฐพ์•„์•ผ๋งŒ ํ–ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
03:56
I'm sure we all agree that no problem worth solving is like that.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ„์ด ํ’€ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋„ ์ด๋ ‡์ง„ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋™์˜ํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:59
And the textbook, I think, knows how it's hamstringing students
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ง์น˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:02
because, watch this, this is the practice problem set.
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๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜ˆ์ œ ๋ฌธ์ œ ์„ธํŠธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:05
When it comes time to do the actual problem set,
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์‹ค์ œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ’€๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด,
04:07
we have problems like this right here
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:09
where we're just swapping out numbers and tweaking the context a little bit.
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์ˆซ์ž๋ฅผ ์ข€ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”๋†“๊ณ , ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ข€ ๊ผฌ์•„๋†“์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:12
And if the student still doesn't recognize the stamp this was molded from,
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์ด ๋„์žฅ์„ ์–ด๋””์„œ ์ฐ์–ด๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
04:15
it helpfully explains to you
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์นœ์ ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„
04:17
what sample problem you can return to to find the formula.
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๊ณต์‹์„ ์ฐพ์œผ๋ ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ˆ์ œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
You could literally, I mean this,
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™ ๋ฒ•์น™์„ ๋ชฐ๋ผ๋„
04:22
pass this particular unit without knowing any physics,
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ’€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:25
just knowing how to decode a textbook. That's a shame.
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๊ต๊ณผ์„œ๋งŒ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”. ๋ถ€๋„๋Ÿฌ์šด ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:28
So I can diagnose the problem a little more specifically in math.
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์ž ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ข€ ๋” ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ง„๋‹จํ•ด๋ณด๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:31
Here's a really cool problem. I like this.
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์ด๊ฑด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:33
It's about defining steepness and slope
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์Šคํ‚ค ๋ฆฌํ”„ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์„œ
04:35
using a ski lift.
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๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:37
But what you have here is actually four separate layers,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค 4๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:39
and I'm curious which of you can see the four separate layers
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ค‘ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ถ„์ด ์ด 4๋ฉด์ด ๋ณด์ด์‹œ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•˜๋„ค์š”.
04:42
and, particularly, how when they're compressed together
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ํŠนํžˆ, ์ด๊ฑธ ํ•ฉ์ณ์„œ ๋†“๊ณ 
04:45
and presented to the student all at once,
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ์— ๋ณด์—ฌ์คฌ์„ ๋•Œ
04:47
how that creates this impatient problem solving.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด ์ฐธ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
04:50
I'll define them here: You have the visual.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ •๋ฆฌํ•ด๋ณด์ฃ . ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:52
You also have the mathematical structure,
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๊ฒฉ์ž, ์น˜์ˆ˜, ๋ผ๋ฒจ
04:54
talking about grids, measurements, labels,
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์ , ์ถ•๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„
04:56
points, axes, that sort of thing.
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์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:58
You have substeps, which all lead to what we really want to talk about:
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ํ•˜์œ„๋‹จ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธ์ œ์—์„œ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์–ด๋–ค
05:01
which section is the steepest.
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๊ตฌ์—ญ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€ํŒŒ๋ฅธ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:03
So I hope you can see.
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์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด
05:05
I really hope you can see how what we're doing here
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์ •๋ง๋กœ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜์„œ ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
05:07
is taking a compelling question, a compelling answer,
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๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ, ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™€์„œ
05:09
but we're paving a smooth, straight path
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ํ•œ ์ง€์ ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ๊นŒ์ง€
05:11
from one to the other
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๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์šด ์ง์ง„ ๋…ธ์„ ์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
05:13
and congratulating our students for how well
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์กฐ๊ทธ๋งŒ ํ‹ˆ์„
05:15
they can step over the small cracks in the way.
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๋„˜์–ด์„œ ๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:17
That's all we're doing here.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ „๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:19
So I want to put to you that if we can separate these in a different way
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ
05:21
and build them up with students,
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•ด ๋‚ธ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
05:23
we can have everything we're looking for in terms of patient problem solving.
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์ฐธ์„์„ฑ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:26
So right here I start with the visual,
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์ž ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ, ์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:28
and I immediately ask the question:
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ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์—ฌ์ญ™๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:30
Which section is the steepest?
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€ํŒŒ๋ฅธ๊ฐ€์š”?
05:32
And this starts conversation
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:34
because the visual is created in such a way where you can defend two answers.
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์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ•ด๋‹ต์ด ๋‚˜์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:37
So you get people arguing against each other,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด์ œ ๊ฐ‘๋ก ์„๋ฐ•์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:39
friend versus friend,
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์นœ๊ตฌ๋ผ๋ฆฌ,
05:41
in pairs, journaling, whatever.
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ํ•œ ์Œ์ด ๋ผ์„œ, ๋ญ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ๋“ ์š”.
05:43
And then eventually we realize
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด์ œ
05:45
it's getting annoying to talk about
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ํ™”๋ฉด์— ์™ผ์ชฝ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์–ด์ฉŒ๊ณ 
05:47
the skier in the lower left-hand side of the screen
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์ค‘๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์œ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์–ด์ฉŒ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ
05:49
or the skier just above the mid line.
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๊ท€์ฐฎ์•„ ์งˆ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:51
And we realize how great would it be
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์Šคํ‚ค ํƒ€๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
05:53
if we just had some A, B, C and D labels
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A,B,C,D์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๋ถ™์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค๋ฉด
05:55
to talk about them more easily.
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์•„์ฃผ ํŽธ๋ฆฌํ•ด์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:57
And then as we start to define what does steepness mean,
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์ด์ œ ๊ฐ€ํŒŒ๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์Šจ ์˜๋ฏธ์ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๋ ค ๋“ค ๋•Œ
06:00
we realize it would be nice to have some measurements
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์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€ํŒŒ๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ด๋–ค ์˜๋ฏธ์ธ์ง€ ํ•œ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
06:02
to really narrow it down, specifically what that means.
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์ธก์ •์ˆ˜๋‹จ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:05
And then and only then,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ์•ผ
06:07
we throw down that mathematical structure.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:09
The math serves the conversation,
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์ˆ˜ํ•™์€ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋„์™€์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:11
the conversation doesn't serve the math.
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๋Œ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์„ ๋„์™€์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:13
And at that point, I'll put it to you that nine out of 10 classes
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์˜๋ฏธ์—์„œ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ 10๋ช… ์ค‘ 9๋ช…์€
06:16
are good to go on the whole slope, steepness thing.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ, ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ’€๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:18
But if you need to,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด
06:20
your students can then develop those substeps together.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ํ’€์–ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:22
Do you guys see how this, right here, compared to that --
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์ด์ œ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด
06:25
which one creates that patient problem solving, that math reasoning?
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์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ์ถ”๋ก , ์ฆ‰ ์ฐธ์„์„ฑ ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ’€๊ธฐ์ธ์ง€ ๋ณด์ด์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
06:28
It's been obvious in my practice, to me.
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์ €ํ•œํ…Œ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์ž˜ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:31
And I'll yield the floor here for a second to Einstein,
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์•„์ธ์Šˆํƒ€์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ์ž ์‹œ ์ด ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์–‘๋ณดํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:33
who, I believe, has paid his dues.
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์กด๊ฒฝํ• ๋งŒํ•œ ๋ถ„์ด์‹œ์ฃ .
06:35
He talked about the formulation of a problem being so incredibly important,
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์•„์ธ์Šˆํƒ€์ธ์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ ๊ณต์‹์ด ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:38
and yet in my practice, in the U.S. here,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š”
06:40
we just give problems to students;
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๊ทธ์ € ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋˜์ ธ์ค˜ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:42
we don't involve them in the formulation of the problem.
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๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ๊ณต์‹ ์†์œผ๋กœ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ชฐ์•„๋„ฃ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:46
So 90 percent of what I do
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์˜ 90ํผ์„ผํŠธ๋Š”
06:48
with my five hours of prep time per week
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์ผ์ฃผ์ผ์— 5์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ •๋„ ์ค€๋น„์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋“ค์—ฌ์„œ
06:50
is to take fairly compelling elements
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๊ต๊ณผ์„œ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ˜•์‹์˜
06:53
of problems like this from my textbook
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๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 
06:55
and rebuild them in a way that supports math reasoning and patient problem solving.
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์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ์ถ”๋ก ๊ณผ ์ฐธ์„์„ฑ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ’€๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด๋Œ์–ด๋‚ผ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:58
And here's how it works.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์‹œ์ฃ .
07:00
I like this question. It's about a water tank.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผํƒฑํฌ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
07:02
The question is: How long will it take you to fill it up?
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์ด ํƒฑํฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค ์ฑ„์šธ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆด๊นŒ? ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:04
First things first, we eliminate all the substeps.
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์ฒซ์งธ, ์„œ๋ธŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:06
Students have to develop those,
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ํ•  ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:08
they have to formulate those.
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๊ณต์‹ํ™” ํ• ๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
07:10
And then notice that all the information written on there is stuff you'll need.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์จ์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:13
None of it's a distractor, so we lose that.
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๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๋ฟ์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋‹ค ์ง€์šฐ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:15
Students need to decide, "All right, well,
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ์ด์ œ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:17
does the height matter? Does the side of it matter?
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๋†’์ด๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ง€? ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ง€?
07:19
Does the color of the valve matter? What matters here?"
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์ˆ˜๋„๊ผญ์ง€๋Š” ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ƒ‰์ด๊ณ ? ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ญ˜๊นŒ?
07:22
Such an underrepresented question in math curriculum.
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์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‚˜์˜ค์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:25
So now we have a water tank.
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์ž ์ด์ œ ๋ฌผํƒฑํฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:27
How long will it take you to fill it up? And that's it.
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์ด๊ฑธ ์ฑ„์šฐ๋Š”๋ฐ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๊ฑธ๋ฆด๊นŒ? ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:29
And because this is the 21st century
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ 21์„ธ๊ธฐ์ธ ๋ฐ๋‹ค๊ฐ€
07:31
and we would love to talk about the real world on its own terms,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์‹ค์ œ ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ์„ ์‹ค๋ฌผ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:34
not in terms of line art or clip art
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ์—์„œ ์ž์ฃผ ๋ณด๋Š”
07:37
that you so often see in textbooks,
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๋„ํ˜•์ด๋‚˜ ์„ ๋ถ„ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋ง๊ณ ์š”.
07:39
we go out and we take a picture of it.
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์ž ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ์ง€์šฐ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:41
So now we have the real deal.
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์ด์ œ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:43
How long will it take it to fill it up?
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์ด๊ฑธ ์ฑ„์šฐ๋Š”๋ฐ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆด๊นŒ?
07:45
And then even better is we take a video,
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋ฌผํƒฑํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฑ„์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
07:47
a video of someone filling it up.
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๋™์˜์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ดฌ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋” ์ข‹๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:50
And it's filling up slowly, agonizingly slowly.
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์ž ์ด์ œ ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ์ฑ„์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์งœ์ฆ ๋‚  ์ •๋„๋กœ ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ์š”.
07:52
It's tedious.
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์ง€๋ฃจํ•˜๋„ค์š”.
07:54
Students are looking at their watches, rolling their eyes,
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ์‹œ๊ณ„๋„ ๋ดค๋‹ค๊ฐ€, ๋ˆˆ๋„ ๊ตด๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€
07:56
and they're all wondering at some point or another,
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๊ถ๊ธˆ์ฆ์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
07:59
"Man, how long is it going to take to fill up?"
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"์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜, ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์ฑ„์šฐ๋Š”๋ฐ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ๊ฑธ๋ ค์š”?"
08:02
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
08:07
That's how you know you've baited the hook, right?
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋‚š์‹œ์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ . ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
08:11
And that question, off this right here, is really fun for me
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ์žฌ๋ฐŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:14
because, like the intro,
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์„œ๋‘์— ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
08:16
I teach kids -- because of my inexperience --
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์ €๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „, ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•ด์„œ
08:19
I teach the kids that are the most remedial, all right?
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์น˜๋ฃŒ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์„ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:21
And I've got kids who will not join a conversation about math
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์•ˆ ํ•  ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค๋„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:24
because someone else has the formula;
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๊ทธ ์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์• ๋“ค์€ ๊ณต์‹๋„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ ,
08:26
someone else knows how to work the formula better than me,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์• ๋“ค์€ ๊ณต์‹์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋‚˜๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž˜ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊นŒ,
08:29
so I won't talk about it.
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๋‚œ ์–˜๊ธฐ ์•ˆ ํ•ด. ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:31
But here, every student is on a level playing field of intuition.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ์ € ์ง๊ด€์ ์ธ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๋งŒ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:34
Everyone's filled something up with water before,
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๋‹ค๋“ค ๋ฌผํƒฑํฌ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฑธ ์ฑ„์›Œ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
08:37
so I get kids answering the question, "How long will it take?"
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ œ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๊ฑธ๋ ค์š”?
08:40
I've got kids who are mathematically and conversationally intimidated
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์ €๋Š” ์ˆ˜ํ•™์ด๋‚˜ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋ถํ•ดํ•˜๋˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด
08:43
joining the conversation.
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์ˆ˜ํ•™ ์–˜๊ธฐ์— ๋ผ์–ด๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:45
We put names on the board, attach them to guesses,
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์น ํŒ์— ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ์ ๊ณ  ์ถ”์ธกํ•œ ๊ฑธ ์˜†์— ์ ์–ด ๋†“์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:48
and kids have bought in here.
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค์ฃ 
08:50
And then we follow the process I've described.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋‚˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:52
And the best part here, or one of the better parts
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„, ํ˜น์€ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚˜์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€,
08:54
is that we don't get our answer from the answer key
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๊ต์‚ฌ์šฉ ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ
08:56
in the back of the teacher's edition.
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๋‹ต๋ณ€ ์˜ˆ์‹œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋‹ต์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:58
We, instead, just watch the end of the movie.
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๋Œ€์‹ , ๋๊นŒ์ง€ ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:01
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
09:03
And that's terrifying,
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๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:05
because the theoretical models that always work out
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์ด๋ก  ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ๊ต์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ฑ… ๋’ค์— ์žˆ๋Š”
09:07
in the answer key in the back of a teacher's edition,
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๋‹ต๋ณ€ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ๋ง์ด ๋˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
09:09
that's great, but
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ข‹์ฃ .
09:11
it's scary to talk about sources of error
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋ก ์ด ํ˜„์‹ค์— ์ ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด
09:13
when the theoretical does not match up with the practical.
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๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:15
But those conversations have been so valuable,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„
09:17
among the most valuable.
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์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ€์น˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:19
So I'm here to report some really fun games
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์—… ์ฒซ๋‚  ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ
09:21
with students who come pre-installed
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์—
09:23
with these viruses day one of the class.
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฑธ๋ ธ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:25
These are the kids who now, one semester in,
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ํ•œ ํ•™๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‚˜์ž, ์ด ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ์ด์ œ
09:28
I can put something on the board,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์น ํŒ์— ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ณ 
09:30
totally new, totally foreign,
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๋ณธ์ ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ ์œผ๋ฉด
09:32
and they'll have a conversation about it for three or four minutes more
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์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ•๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•™๋…„ ์ดˆ๋ณด๋‹ค 3~4๋ถ„ ๋”
09:34
than they would have at the start of the year,
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๊ธธ์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:36
which is just so fun.
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์žฌ๋ฐŒ๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:38
We're no longer averse to word problems,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ์šฉ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€๊ฐ์„ ๋Š๋ผ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋””.
09:41
because we've redefined what a word problem is.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์šฉ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
09:44
We're no longer intimidated by math,
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์ˆ˜ํ•™์— ์ฃผ๋ˆ…๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:46
because we're slowly redefining what math is.
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์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ •์˜ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
09:48
This has been a lot of fun.
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์ •๋ง ์žฌ๋ฐŒ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:50
I encourage math teachers I talk to to use multimedia,
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์ „ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค๊ป˜ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ถŒ์œ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฉ€ํ‹ฐ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
09:53
because it brings the real world into your classroom
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์ˆ˜ํ•™์„ ์‹ค์ œ ์ƒํ™œ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:55
in high resolution and full color;
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ํ•ด์ƒ๋„ ๋†’๊ณ  ์ปฌ๋Ÿฌ ํ™”๋ฉด์ด
09:57
to encourage student intuition for that level playing field;
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์˜ ์ง๊ด€์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
10:00
to ask the shortest question you possibly can
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์งง๊ณ  ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
10:02
and let those more specific questions come out in conversation;
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์ข€ ๋” ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ๋Œ€ํ™”์˜ ํ™”์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:05
to let students build the problem,
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
10:07
because Einstein said so;
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์•„์ธ์Šˆํƒ€์ธ์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
10:09
and to finally, in total, just be less helpful,
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๊ฒฐ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋„์›€์„ ์กฐ๊ธˆ๋งŒ ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
10:12
because the textbook is helping you in all the wrong ways:
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๊ต๊ณผ์„œ๋Š” ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ ์ค„ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:14
It's buying you out of your obligation,
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋ฉดํ•ด์ค„ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:17
for patient problem solving and math reasoning, to be less helpful.
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์ฐธ์„์„ฑ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ์ถ”๋ก ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋„์›€์ด ์ ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:20
And why this is an amazing time to be a math teacher right now
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ์„ ์ƒ์ด์–ด์„œ ์ •๋ง ์ข‹์€ ์ผ์€
10:23
is because we have the tools to create
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์–ด๋ ต์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๊ต์œก ๊ณผ์ •์„
10:25
this high-quality curriculum in our front pocket.
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๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋„๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:27
It's ubiquitous and fairly cheap,
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์–ด๋””์—๋‚˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ๋„ ์ €๋ ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:29
and the tools to distribute it
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์ด ๋„๊ตฌ๋“ค์€
10:31
freely under open licenses
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์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ๋„ ์—†์ด ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:33
has also never been cheaper or more ubiquitous.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ €๋ ดํ•˜๊ณ , ์ ‘๊ทผ์ด ์‰ฌ์› ๋˜ ์ ์ด ์—ฌ์ง€๊ป ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:36
I put a video series on my blog not so long ago
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์ „ ์–ผ๋งˆ ์ „์— ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“  ๋™์˜์ƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ธ”๋กœ๊ทธ์— ์˜ฌ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:38
and it got 6,000 views in two weeks.
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๋‹จ 2์ฃผ ๋™์•ˆ 6์ฒœ ๋ช…์ด ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:41
I get emails still from teachers in countries I've never visited
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์ „ ์•„์ง ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋ณธ ์ ๋„ ์—†๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“คํ•œํ…Œ ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:44
saying, "Wow, yeah. We had a good conversation about that.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์™€, ์ข‹์•„์š”. ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์ฐธ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:47
Oh, and by the way, here's how I made your stuff better,"
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์•„, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ข€ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ํ•ด๋ดค์–ด์š”"
10:50
which, wow.
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๋ฉ‹์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
10:52
I put this problem on my blog recently:
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์ „ ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ œ ๋ธ”๋กœ๊ทธ์— ์˜ฌ๋ ค ๋†“์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:54
In a grocery store, which line do you get into,
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์Šˆํผ์—์„œ, ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด 19๊ฐœ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ์‚ฐ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋Œ€์™€
10:56
the one that has one cart and 19 items
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3,5,2,1๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ์‚ฐ ๋„ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”
10:58
or the line with four carts and three, five, two and one items.
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๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋Œ€ ์ค‘ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋Œ€์— ์ค„์„ ์„œ์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:01
And the linear modeling involved in that was some good stuff for my classroom,
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์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์–ด๋„ ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:04
but it eventually got me on "Good Morning America" a few weeks later,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ „ ๋ช‡ ์ฃผ ํ›„ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ "๊ตฟ๋ชจ๋‹ ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด"์—์„œ ์ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:07
which is just bizarre, right?
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์žฌ๋ฐŒ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
11:09
And from all of this, I can only conclude
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
11:11
that people, not just students,
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด
11:13
are really hungry for this.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:15
Math makes sense of the world.
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์ˆ˜ํ•™์€ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:17
Math is the vocabulary
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์ˆ˜ํ•™์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ง๊ด€์„
11:19
for your own intuition.
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ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ์–ดํœ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:21
So I just really encourage you, whatever your stake is in education --
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์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์–ด๋–ค ๊ต์œก์„ ๋ฐ›์œผ์…จ๋“ ,
11:24
whether you're a student, parent, teacher, policy maker, whatever --
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ํ•™์ƒ์ด๋“ , ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์ด๋“ , ์„ ์ƒ์ด๋“ , ์ •์น˜๊ฐ€๋“  ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋“ 
11:27
insist on better math curriculum.
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๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜์…จ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:30
We need more patient problem solvers. Thank you. (Applause)
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฐธ์„์„ฑ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ’€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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