East vs west -- the myths that mystify | Devdutt Pattanaik

796,495 views ใƒป 2009-11-19

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ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Eran Givoni ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:17
To understand the business of mythology
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืขืกืงื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืชื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”,
00:20
and what a Chief Belief Officer is supposed to do,
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ื•ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ืœ ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ื›ื™ืจ,
00:24
you have to hear a story
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ืขืœื™ื›ื ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจื•
00:26
of Ganesha,
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ืฉืœ ื’ื ืฉื”,
00:28
the elephant-headed god
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ื”ืืœ ื‘ืขืœ ืจืืฉ ื”ืคื™ืœ
00:30
who is the scribe of storytellers,
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ืฉื”ื™ื ื• ืคื˜ืจื•ื ื ืฉืœ ื”ืืžื ื™ื ื•ื”ืžืœื•ืžื“ื™ื,
00:33
and his brother,
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ื•ืื—ื™ื•,
00:34
the athletic warlord of the gods,
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ืฉืจ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ืืชืœื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืืœื™ื,
00:36
Kartikeya.
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ืงืืจื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื”.
00:38
The two brothers one day decided to go on a race,
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ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“, ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืฉื ื™ ื”ืื—ื™ื ืœืขืจื•ืš ืžื™ืจื•ืฅ ื‘ื™ื ื”ื,
00:41
three times around the world.
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ืœื”ืงื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื.
00:44
Kartikeya leapt on his peacock
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ืงืืจื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื” ื–ื™ื ืง ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื•ื•ืก ืฉืœื•
00:47
and flew around the continents
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ื•ื˜ืก ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ื™ื‘ืฉื•ืช,
00:50
and the mountains and the oceans.
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ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ื”ืจื™ื ื•ืฉื‘ืขืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื.
00:55
He went around once,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืงื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืคืขื ืื—ืช,
00:57
he went around twice,
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ืคืขื ืฉื ื™ื™ื”,
00:59
he went around thrice.
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ืคืขื ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช.
01:02
But his brother, Ganesha,
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ืื—ื™ื• ื’ื ืฉื”, ืœืขื•ืžืชื•,
01:05
simply walked around his parents
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ืงื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ื•ืจื™ื•
01:08
once, twice, thrice,
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ืคืขื ืื—ืช, ืคืขืžื™ื™ื, ืฉืœื•ืฉ,
01:10
and said, "I won."
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ื•ื”ื›ืจื™ื–: "ื ื™ืฆื—ืชื™."
01:13
"How come?" said Kartikeya.
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"ืื™ืš ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช?" ืฉืืœ ืงืืจื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื”.
01:15
And Ganesha said,
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ืขื ื” ืœื• ื’ื ืฉื”:
01:16
"You went around 'the world.'
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"ืืชื” ื”ืงืคืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื.
01:19
I went around 'my world.'"
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืื ื™ ื”ืงืคืชื™ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœื™."
01:22
What matters more?
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ืžื”ื• ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘?
01:25
If you understand the difference between 'the world' and 'my world,'
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ืื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ "ื”ืขื•ืœื" ืœ-"ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœื™"
01:28
you understand the difference between logos and mythos.
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ืื– ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื•ื’ื•ืก ืœืžื™ืชื•ืก.
01:32
'The world' is objective,
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"ื”ืขื•ืœื" ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฉื’ ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™,
01:34
logical, universal, factual,
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ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™, ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™, ืขื•ื‘ื“ืชื™,
01:37
scientific.
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ืžื“ืขื™.
01:39
'My world' is subjective.
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"ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœื™" ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฉื’ ืกื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™.
01:42
It's emotional. It's personal.
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ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฉื’ ืจื’ืฉื™, ืื™ืฉื™.
01:45
It's perceptions, thoughts, feelings, dreams.
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ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชืคื™ืกื•ืช, ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช, ืจื’ืฉื•ืช, ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช.
01:48
It is the belief system that we carry.
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ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื” ืื ื• ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื.
01:51
It's the myth that we live in.
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ืžื™ืชื•ืก ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื.
01:54
'The world' tells us how the world functions,
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"ื”ืขื•ืœื" ืžื’ื“ื™ืจ ืœื ื• ืื™ืš ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
01:57
how the sun rises,
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ืื™ืš ื–ื•ืจื—ืช ื”ืฉืžืฉ,
02:00
how we are born.
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ืื™ืš ืื ื• ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื.
02:03
'My world' tells us why the sun rises,
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"ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœื™" ืžื’ื“ื™ืจ ืœื ื• ืžื“ื•ืข ื–ื•ืจื—ืช ื”ืฉืžืฉ,
02:06
why we were born.
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ืžื“ื•ืข ืื ื• ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื.
02:10
Every culture is trying to understand itself:
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ื›ืœ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืขื•ืฉื” ืžืืžืฆื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžื”.
02:14
"Why do we exist?"
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"ืœืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืคื”?"
02:16
And every culture comes up with its own understanding of life,
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ื•ื›ืœ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืœื”ื‘ื ื•ืช ืžืฉืœื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื,
02:19
its own customized version of mythology.
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ืžืŸ ืžื™ืชื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžื•ืชืืžืช ืื™ืฉื™ืช.
02:24
Culture is a reaction to nature,
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ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืœื˜ื‘ืข,
02:27
and this understanding of our ancestors
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ื•ืื•ืชื” ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื”ืงื“ื•ืžื™ื
02:29
is transmitted generation from generation
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ืžื•ืขื‘ืจืช ืžื“ื•ืจ ืœื“ื•ืจ
02:32
in the form of stories, symbols and rituals,
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ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ืกืžืœื™ื ื•ื˜ืงืกื™ื,
02:35
which are always indifferent to rationality.
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ืฉื”ื™ื ื ืชืžื™ื“ ืื“ื™ืฉื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ.
02:41
And so, when you study it, you realize
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ื•ื›ืš, ื›ืืฉืจ ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืืช ืื•ืชื” ื”ื‘ื ื”, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ
02:43
that different people of the world
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ืฉืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื
02:45
have a different understanding of the world.
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ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
02:48
Different people see things differently --
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืจื•ืื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื•ื ื”,
02:50
different viewpoints.
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ืžื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.
02:52
There is my world and there is your world,
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ื™ืฉื ื• ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœื™ ื•ื™ืฉื ื• ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœืš,
02:54
and my world is always better than your world,
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ื•ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœื™ ืชืžื™ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœืš.
02:57
because my world, you see, is rational
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ื›ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœื™, ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ื” ืฉืœืš, ื”ื•ื ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™
03:00
and yours is superstition.
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ื•ืฉืœืš ืžืœื ื‘ืืžื•ื ื•ืช ื˜ืคืœื•ืช.
03:02
Yours is faith.
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ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœืš ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืœื ื”ืืžื•ื ื”,
03:04
Yours is illogical.
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ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืœืชื™ ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™.
03:07
This is the root of the clash of civilizations.
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ื•ื›ืืŸ ื˜ืžื•ืŸ ืฉื•ืจืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ื’ืฉื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื™ืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื•ืช.
03:10
It took place, once, in 326 B.C.
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ื–ื” ืงืจื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขื‘ืจ, ื‘ืฉื ืช 326 ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืกืคื™ืจื”
03:14
on the banks of a river called the Indus,
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ืขืœ ื’ื“ื•ืช ื ื”ืจ ื”ืื™ื ื“ื•ืก,
03:17
now in Pakistan.
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ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ืคืงื™ืกื˜ืŸ.
03:19
This river lends itself to India's name.
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ื ื”ืจ ื–ื” ืžืฉืื™ืœ ืืช ืฉืžื• ืœื”ื•ื“ื•.
03:22
India. Indus.
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ื”ื•ื“ื•. ืื™ื ื“ื•ืก.
03:27
Alexander, a young Macedonian,
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ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจ, ืžืงื“ื•ื ื™ ืฆืขื™ืจ,
03:30
met there what he called a "gymnosophist,"
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ืคื’ืฉ ืขืœ ื’ื“ื•ืช ื”ื ื”ืจ ืื“ื ืฉืื•ืชื• ื”ื•ื ืชื™ืืจ ื›-"ื’ื™ืžื ื•ืกื•ืคื™ืกื˜".
03:34
which means "the naked, wise man."
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ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื ื”ื•ื "ืื™ืฉ ืขืจื•ื ื•ื—ื›ื".
03:37
We don't know who he was.
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ืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื”.
03:39
Perhaps he was a Jain monk,
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ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื ื–ื™ืจ ืžื“ืช ื”ื’'ื™ื™ื ื™ื–ื.
03:41
like Bahubali over here,
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ื›ืžื• ื‘ืื”ื•ื‘ืืœื™, ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื”,
03:43
the Gomateshwara Bahubali
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ื”ื™ื“ื•ืข ื’ื ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื’ื•ืžืื˜ืฉื•ื•ืืจื” ื‘ืื”ื•ื‘ืืœื™,
03:44
whose image is not far from Mysore.
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ืฉืคืกืœ ื–ื” ืฉืœื• ื ืžืฆื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืžื—ื•ื– ืžื™ื™ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•.
03:46
Or perhaps he was just a yogi
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ืื• ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ื™ื•ื’ื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜,
03:48
who was sitting on a rock, staring at the sky
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ืฉื™ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ืกืœืข, ื‘ืขื•ื“ื• ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื‘ืฉืžื™ื™ื,
03:50
and the sun and the moon.
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ื•ื‘ืฉืžืฉ, ื•ื‘ื™ืจื—.
03:52
Alexander asked, "What are you doing?"
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"ืžื” ืืชื” ืขื•ืฉื”?", ืฉืืœ ืื•ืชื• ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจ.
03:55
and the gymnosophist answered,
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ื”ื’ื™ืžื ื•ืกื•ืคื™ืกื˜ ืคื ื” ืืœื™ื• ื•ืขื ื”:
03:57
"I'm experiencing nothingness."
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"ืื ื™ ื—ื•ื•ื” ืืช ื”ื›ืœื•ื."
04:00
Then the gymnosophist asked,
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ืื– ืฉืืœ ื”ื’ื™ืžื ื•ืกื•ืคื™ืกื˜:
04:03
"What are you doing?"
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"ืžื” ืืชื” ืขื•ืฉื”?"
04:05
and Alexander said, "I am conquering the world."
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ืขื ื” ืœื• ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจ: "ืื ื™ ื›ื•ื‘ืฉ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื."
04:08
And they both laughed.
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ื•ืฉื ื™ื”ื ืคืจืฆื• ื‘ืฆื—ื•ืง.
04:11
Each one thought that the other was a fool.
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ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื—ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉื•ื˜ื”.
04:15
The gymnosophist said, "Why is he conquering the world?
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ื”ื’ื™ืžื ื•ืกื•ืคื™ืกื˜ ื”ืขื™ืจ: "ืœืžื” ื”ื•ื ื›ื•ื‘ืฉ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื?
04:19
It's pointless."
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ื–ื” ื—ืกืจ ืชื•ืขืœืช."
04:22
And Alexander thought,
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ื•ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจ ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืขืฆืžื•:
04:24
"Why is he sitting around, doing nothing?
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"ืœืžื” ื”ื•ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื ื•ืœื ืขื•ืฉื” ื›ืœื•ื?
04:26
What a waste of a life."
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ืื™ื–ื” ื‘ื–ื‘ื•ื– ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ื."
04:28
To understand this difference in viewpoints,
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื˜
04:32
we have to understand
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ
04:35
the subjective truth of Alexander --
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ืืช ื”ืืžืช ื”ืกื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจ:
04:38
his myth, and the mythology that constructed it.
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ืืช ื”ืžื™ืชื•ืก ืฉืœื•, ื•ื”ืžื™ืชื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืขื™ืฆื‘ื” ืื•ืชื•.
04:43
Alexander's mother, his parents, his teacher Aristotle
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ืืžื• ืฉืœ ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจ, ื”ื•ืจื™ื•, ืžื•ืจื• - ืืจื™ืกื˜ื•
04:46
told him the story of Homer's "Iliad."
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ืกื™ืคืจื• ืœื• ืืช ื”"ืื™ืœื™ืื“ื”" ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืžืจื•ืก.
04:49
They told him of a great hero called Achilles,
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ื”ื ืกื™ืคืจื• ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืื›ื™ืœืก,
04:52
who, when he participated in battle, victory was assured,
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ืฉื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืชื• ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื” ืืช ื”ื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ,
04:55
but when he withdrew from the battle,
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื›ืฉื ืขื“ืจ ืžืฉื“ื” ื”ืงืจื‘,
04:58
defeat was inevitable.
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ืชื‘ื•ืกื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืžื ืขืช.
05:01
"Achilles was a man who could shape history,
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"ืื›ื™ืœืก ื”ื™ื” ืื“ื ืฉื™ื›ืœ ืœืขืฆื‘ ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื›ืจืฆื•ื ื•,
05:04
a man of destiny,
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ืื™ืฉ ื’ื•ืจืœ,
05:07
and this is what you should be, Alexander."
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ื•ื›ืš ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื ืืชื”, ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจ."
05:10
That's what he heard.
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉืžืข ื•ืœืžื“.
05:12
"What should you not be?
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"ืžื” ืืกื•ืจ ืขืœื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช?
05:15
You should not be Sisyphus,
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ืืกื•ืจ ืœืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืกื™ื–ื™ืคื•ืก,
05:18
who rolls a rock up a mountain all day
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ืฉืžื’ืœื’ืœ ืกืœืข ื‘ืžืขืœื” ื”ื”ืจ ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื,
05:20
only to find the boulder rolled down at night.
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ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืกืœืข ืžื“ืจื“ืจ ืœืชื—ืชื™ืชื• ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื•ื.
05:25
Don't live a life which is monotonous,
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ืืœ ืชื—ื™ื” ื—ื™ื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื,
05:28
mediocre, meaningless.
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ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ื™ื, ื—ืกืจื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช.
05:30
Be spectacular! --
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ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืฆื ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ!
05:33
like the Greek heroes,
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ื›ืžื• ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื,
05:35
like Jason, who went across the sea
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ื›ืžื• ื™ืืกื•ืŸ, ืฉื—ืฆื” ืืช ื”ื™ื
05:37
with the Argonauts and fetched the Golden Fleece.
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ืขื ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ืื•ื˜ื™ื ื•ื—ื–ืจ ืขื ื’ื™ื–ืช ื”ื–ื”ื‘.
05:41
Be spectacular like Theseus,
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ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืฆื ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ ื›ืžื• ืชืกืื•ืก,
05:44
who entered the labyrinth and killed the bull-headed Minotaur.
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ืฉื ื›ื ืก ืœืžื‘ื•ืš ื•ื”ืจื’ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ืื•ืจ ื‘ืขืœ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื•ืจ.
05:50
When you play in a race, win! --
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ื›ืฉืืชื” ืžืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืžืจื•ืฅ - ื ืฆื— ืื•ืชื•!
05:54
because when you win, the exhilaration of victory
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ื›ื™ ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื” ืžื ืฆื—, ื—ื“ื•ื•ืช ื”ื ืฆื—ื•ืŸ
05:57
is the closest you will come to the ambrosia of the gods."
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืื™ ืคืขื ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืœืืžื‘ืจื•ืกื™ื” - ืœืžืื›ืœ ื”ืืœื™ื."
06:02
Because, you see, the Greeks believed
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ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ืืžื•ื ืช ื”ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื
06:05
you live only once,
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ืฉืื“ื ื—ื™ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ืคืขื ืื—ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“
06:07
and when you die, you have to cross the River Styx.
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ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื” ืžืช ืืชื” ื—ื•ืฆื” ืืช ื ื”ืจ ื”ืกื˜ื™ืงืก,
06:11
And if you have lived an extraordinary life,
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ื•ืื ื—ื™ื™ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ,
06:14
you will be welcomed to Elysium,
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ื ื›ื ืกืช ืœืฉื“ื•ืช ืืœื™ืกื™ื•ื,
06:17
or what the French call "Champs-ร‰lysรฉes" --
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ืื• ืžื” ืฉื”ืฆืจืคืชื™ื ืžื›ื ื™ื "ืฉืื ื– ืืœื™ื–ื”"
06:21
(Laughter) --
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(ื”ืงื”ืœ ืฆื•ื—ืง)
06:22
the heaven of the heroes.
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ื’ืŸ ื”ืขื“ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื.
06:28
But these are not the stories that the gymnosophist heard.
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ืืš ืืœื• ืื™ื ื ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื’ื™ืžื ื•ืกื•ืคื™ืกื˜ ืฉืžืข ื•ืœืžื“.
06:32
He heard a very different story.
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืžืข ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืžืื•ื“ ืฉื•ื ื”.
06:35
He heard of a man called Bharat,
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืžืข ืขืœ ืื“ื ืฉืฉืžื• ื‘ื”ืืจืื˜,
06:38
after whom India is called Bhฤrata.
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ืฉืžืžื ื• ืฉืืœื” ื”ื•ื“ื• ืืช ืฉืžื” (ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช - ื‘ื”ืืจืื˜ื”).
06:41
Bharat also conquered the world.
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ื‘ื”ืืจืื˜ ื›ื‘ืฉ ื’ื ื”ื•ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื.
06:44
And then he went to the top-most peak
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื ืกืข ืœืคืกื’ื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
06:47
of the greatest mountain of the center of the world
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ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืจ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
06:50
called Meru.
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ืฉื ืงืจื ื”ืจ ืžืจื•.
06:51
And he wanted to hoist his flag to say,
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ื•ืจืฆื” ืœื”ื ื™ืฃ ืืช ื“ื’ืœื•, ื›ืื™ืœื• ืœื”ื’ื™ื“:
06:54
"I was here first."
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"ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื›ืืŸ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ."
06:57
But when he reached the mountain peak,
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ืืš ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืคืกื’ืช ื”ื”ืจ,
06:59
he found the peak covered with countless flags
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ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื ืืช ื”ืคืกื’ื” ืžื›ื•ืกื” ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืจื‘ ืฉืœ ื“ื’ืœื™ื
07:04
of world-conquerors before him,
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ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื›ื•ื‘ืฉื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉื‘ืื• ืœืคื ื™ื•,
07:07
each one claiming "'I was here first' ...
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ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืื•ืžืจ "ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื›ืืŸ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ...
07:11
that's what I thought until I came here."
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ืื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืขื“ ืฉื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืœื›ืืŸ."
07:15
And suddenly, in this canvas of infinity,
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ื•ืœืคืชืข, ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื ื•ืฃ ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™,
07:18
Bharat felt insignificant.
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ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ืืจืื˜ ื—ืกืจ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช.
07:22
This was the mythology of the gymnosophist.
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ื–ืืช ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืžื™ืชื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื™ืžื ื•ืกื•ืคื™ืกื˜.
07:26
You see, he had heroes, like Ram -- Raghupati Ram
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ื’ื ืœื• ื”ื™ื• ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื, ื›ืžื• ืจืื - ืจืื’ื”ื•ืคืื˜ื™ ืจืื
07:31
and Krishna, Govinda Hari.
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ื•ืงืจื™ืฉื ื”, ื’ื•ื•ื™ื ื“ื” ื”ืืจื™.
07:33
But they were not two characters on two different adventures.
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ืืš ื”ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืฉืชื™ ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
07:37
They were two lifetimes of the same hero.
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ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืฉื ื™ ืžืฉื›ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื• ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ.
07:41
When the Ramayana ends the Mahabharata begins.
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืืคื•ืก ื”ืจืืžืื™ืื ื” ื ื’ืžืจ, ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืืคื•ืก ื”ืžื”ืื‘ื”ืืจื˜ื”.
07:45
When Ram dies, Krishna is born.
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืจืื ืžืช, ื ื•ืœื“ ืงืจื™ืฉื ื”.
07:47
When Krishna dies, eventually he will be back as Ram.
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืงืจื™ืฉื ื” ืžืช, ื”ื•ื ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื“ืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืจืื.
07:50
You see, the Indians also had a river
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ืืชื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื, ืœื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื™ืฉ ื’ื ื ื”ืจ
07:53
that separates the land of the living from the land of the dead.
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ื”ืžืคืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืจืฅ ื”ืžืชื™ื ืœืืจืฅ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.
07:56
But you don't cross it once.
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ืื‘ืœ ืืชื” ืœื ื—ื•ืฆื” ืื•ืชื• ืคืขื ืื—ืช.
07:58
You go to and fro endlessly.
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ืืชื” ื—ื•ืฆื” ืื•ืชื• ื”ืœื•ืš ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืœื ืกื•ืฃ.
08:01
It was called the Vaitarani.
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ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ื ื”ืจ ื”ื•ื ื•ื•ืื™ื˜ืืจืื ื™.
08:04
You go again and again and again.
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ืืชื” ื—ื•ืฆื” ืืช ื”ื ื”ืจ ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘.
08:07
Because, you see,
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ืžื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•,
08:08
nothing lasts forever in India, not even death.
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ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื• ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ืžืขืžื“ ืœื ืฆื—, ื’ื ืœื ื”ืžื•ื•ืช.
08:11
And so, you have these grand rituals
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ื•ื›ืš, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ืื•ืชื ื˜ืงืกื™ื ืžืจืฉื™ืžื™ื
08:14
where great images of mother goddesses are built
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ืฉื‘ื”ื ืคืกืœื™ื ืžืจื”ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ืืœื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื ื‘ื ื™ื
08:17
and worshiped for 10 days ...
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ืžื•ืขืจืฆื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืš ืขืฉืจื” ื™ืžื™ื...
08:19
And what do you do at the end of 10 days?
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ื•ืžื” ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืื™ืชื ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืขืฉืจืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื?
08:21
You dunk it in the river.
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ืžื˜ื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ื ื”ืจ.
08:24
Because it has to end.
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ื›ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื˜ืงืก ืกื•ืฃ.
08:26
And next year, she will come back.
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ื•ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ื‘ืื”, ื”ืžื—ื–ื” ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื•.
08:29
What goes around always comes around,
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ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื”.
08:31
and this rule applies not just to man,
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ื•ื—ื•ืง ื–ื” ื—ืœ ืœื ืจืง ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื,
08:34
but also the gods.
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ืืœื ื’ื ืขืœ ื”ืืœื™ื.
08:36
You see, the gods
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ืืชื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื™ื
08:39
have to come back again and again and again
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ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘
08:41
as Ram, as Krishna.
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ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืจืื, ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืงืจื™ืฉื ื”.
08:43
Not only do they live infinite lives,
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ืœื ืจืง ืฉื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ื•ืช,
08:46
but the same life is lived infinite times
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ืืœื ืฉืื•ืชื” ืชืงื•ืคืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื ื—ื•ื•ื™ืช ืžืกืคืจ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ ืฉืœ ืคืขืžื™ื
08:49
till you get to the point of it all.
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ืขื“ ืฉืื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืœ.
08:54
"Groundhog Day."
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ื™ื•ื ื”ืžืจืžื™ื˜ื” (ื—ื’ ืืžืจื™ืงืื™).
08:56
(Laughter)
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(ื”ืงื”ืœ ืฆื•ื—ืง)
09:01
Two different mythologies.
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ืฉืชื™ ืžื™ืชื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.
09:04
Which is right?
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ืื™ื–ื” ืžื”ืŸ ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื”?
09:06
Two different mythologies, two different ways of looking at the world.
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ืฉืชื™ ืžื™ืชื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ืฉืชื™ ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
09:09
One linear, one cyclical.
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ืื—ืช ืœื™ื ืืจื™ืช, ืื—ืช ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ืช.
09:11
One believes this is the one and only life.
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ืื—ืช ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉืืœื” ื”ื ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื•.
09:13
The other believes this is one of many lives.
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ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉื–ื•ื”ื™ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืื—ืช ืžื™ื ื™ ืžืจื‘ื•ืช.
09:18
And so, the denominator of Alexander's life was one.
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ, ื”ืžื›ื ื” ื”ืžืชืžื˜ื™ ื‘ืขื•ืœืžื• ืฉืœ ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจ ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžืกืคืจ ืื—ื“.
09:22
So, the value of his life was the sum total
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ื•ื”ืขืจืš ื”ืกื•ืคื™ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ื• ื”ื™ื” ื”ืกื›ื•ื ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ
09:25
of his achievements.
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ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ื• ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื—ื™ื™ื•.
09:27
The denominator of the gymnosophist's life was infinity.
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ื”ืžื›ื ื” ื”ืžืชืžื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื™ืžื ื•ืกื•ืคื™ืกื˜ ื”ื™ื” ืื™ื ืกื•ืฃ.
09:31
So, no matter what he did,
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ื›ืš ืฉืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืžื” ื”ื•ื ืขืฉื”,
09:34
it was always zero.
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ื”ืกื›ื•ื ื”ืกื•ืคื™ ื”ื™ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ืืคืก.
09:36
And I believe it is this mythological paradigm
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ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืื•ืชื” ืคืจื“ื™ื’ืžื” ืžื™ืชื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช
09:39
that inspired Indian mathematicians
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ืฉืกื™ืคืงื” ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืจืื” ืœืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ื”ื”ื•ื“ื™ื
09:42
to discover the number zero.
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ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืกืคืจื” ืืคืก.
09:44
Who knows?
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ืžื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข?
09:46
And that brings us to the mythology of business.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืžื™ืชื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืขืกืงื™ื.
09:49
If Alexander's belief influenced his behavior,
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ืื ืืžื•ื ืชื• ืฉืœ ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจ ื”ืฉืคื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื•,
09:52
if the gymnosophist's belief influences his behavior,
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ืื ืืžื•ื ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื™ืžื ื•ืกื•ืคื™ืกื˜ ืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื•,
09:56
then it was bound to influence the business they were in.
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ืื– ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืขืกืง ืฉืœื”ื.
10:01
You see, what is business
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ื›ื™ ืžื” ื”ื•ื ืขืกืง,
10:03
but the result of how the market behaves
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ืื ืœื ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืง
10:05
and how the organization behaves?
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ื•ืื™ืš ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืžืชื ื”ื’?
10:08
And if you look at cultures around the world,
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ื•ืื ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื,
10:11
all you have to do is understand the mythology
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ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื™ืชื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”
10:13
and you will see how they behave and how they do business.
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ื•ืื– ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื‘ื ื™ ืื•ืชื” ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืชื ื”ื’ื™ื, ืื™ืš ื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืขืกืงื™ื.
10:16
Take a look.
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ื”ืขื™ืคื• ืžื‘ื˜.
10:20
If you live only once, in one-life cultures around the world,
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ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ื”-"ื—ื™ื™ื ืจืง ืคืขื ืื—ืช",
10:23
you will see an obsession with binary logic,
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ืชืžืฆืื• ืื•ื‘ืกืกื™ื” ืœื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื ืืจื™ืช,
10:25
absolute truth, standardization,
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ืืžืช ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช, ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื–ืฆื™ื”,
10:28
absoluteness, linear patterns in design.
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ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช, ืงื•ื•ื™ ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืœื™ื ืืจื™ื.
10:31
But if you look at cultures which have cyclical
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ืืš ืื ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ืขืœ ืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื‘ื•ืกืกื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ื•ืช
10:34
and based on infinite lives, you will see a comfort with fuzzy logic,
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ื•ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ื™ื, ืชืžืฆืื• ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ืžืขื•ืจืคืœ,
10:39
with opinion,
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ืขื ื“ื™ืขื•ืช,
10:41
with contextual thinking,
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ืขื ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ืงืฉืจื™ืช,
10:43
with everything is relative, sort of --
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ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื›ืœ ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœ..., ื‘ืขืจืš...,
10:46
(Laughter)
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(ื”ืงื”ืœ ืฆื•ื—ืง)
10:47
mostly.
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ.
10:49
(Laughter)
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(ื”ืงื”ืœ ืฆื•ื—ืง)
10:50
You look at art. Look at the ballerina,
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ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื• ื‘ืื•ืžื ื•ืช. ื‘ื‘ืœืจื™ื ื”.
10:53
how linear she is in her performance.
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ืจืื• ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืœื™ื ืืจื™ืช ื”ื”ื•ืคืขื” ืฉืœื”.
10:55
And then look at the Indian classical dancer,
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ื•ืื– ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื• ื‘ืจืงื“ืŸ ื”ืงืœืืกื™ ื”ื”ื•ื“ื™,
10:57
the Kuchipudi dancer, the Bharatanatyam dancer,
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ืจืงื“ืŸ ื”ืงื•ืฆ'ื™ืคื•ื“ื™, ืจืงื“ืŸ ื”ื‘ื”ืืจืื˜ืื ืื˜ื™ืื,
10:59
curvaceous.
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ืžืขื•ื’ืœ, ืžืขื•ืงืœ.
11:01
(Laughter)
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(ื”ืงื”ืœ ืฆื•ื—ืง)
11:04
And then look at business.
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ื•ืื– ื”ืกืชื›ืœื• ืขืœ ืขืกืงื™ื.
11:06
Standard business model:
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ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ืขืกืงื™ื ื”ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™:
11:08
vision, mission, values, processes.
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ื—ื–ื•ืŸ. ืžืฉื™ืžื”. ืขืจื›ื™ื. ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื.
11:12
Sounds very much like the journey through
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ื ืฉืžืข ืžืื•ื“ ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืžืกืข ื“ืจืš ื”ืฉืžืžื”
11:14
the wilderness to the promised land,
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ืœืขื‘ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื˜ื—ืช,
11:16
with the commandments held by the leader.
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืขืฉืจืช ื”ื“ื™ื‘ืจื•ืช ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’.
11:18
And if you comply, you will go to heaven.
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ื•ืื ืืชื” ืžืฆื™ื™ืช, ืืชื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ.
11:23
But in India there is no "the" promised land.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื• ืื™ืŸ ืืจืฅ ืžื•ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ืื—ืช.
11:25
There are many promised lands,
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ื™ืฉื ืŸ ืืจืฆื•ืช ืžื•ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช,
11:28
depending on your station in society,
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ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืžืขืžื“ืš ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื”,
11:31
depending on your stage of life.
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ื•ืœืื™ืคื” ืืชื” ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ืš.
11:33
You see, businesses are not run as institutions,
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ืขืกืงื™ื ืื™ื ื ืžื ื•ื”ืœื™ื ื›ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช,
11:37
by the idiosyncrasies of individuals.
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ืข"ื™ ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืืœื” ื•ืื—ืจื™ื.
11:40
It's always about taste.
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ื–ื” ื ื•ื’ืข ืชืžื™ื“ ืœื”ืขื“ืคื•ืช.
11:43
It's always about my taste.
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ื–ื” ื ื•ื’ืข ืชืžื™ื“ ืœื”ืขื“ืคื•ืช ืฉืœื™.
11:47
You see, Indian music, for example,
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ืงื—ื•, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื, ืืช ื”ืžื•ืกื™ืงื” ื”ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช,
11:49
does not have the concept of harmony.
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ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ "ื”ืจืžื•ื ื™ื”" ืื™ื ื• ืงื™ื™ื.
11:51
There is no orchestra conductor.
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ืœืชื–ืžื•ืจืช ืื™ืŸ ืžื ืฆื—.
11:55
There is one performer standing there, and everybody follows.
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ื™ืฉื ื• ืืžืŸ ืื—ื“, ืฉืื—ืจื™ื• ืขื•ืงื‘ื™ื ื”ืฉืืจ.
11:58
And you can never replicate that performance twice.
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ืœืขื•ืœื ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉื—ื–ืจ ืืช ืื•ืชื” ื”ื•ืคืขื” ื‘ืžื“ื•ื™ืง.
12:02
It is not about documentation and contract.
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ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืœื ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ื•ื—ื•ื–ื™ื.
12:04
It's about conversation and faith.
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ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื“ื• ืฉื™ื— ื•ืืžื•ื ื”.
12:08
It's not about compliance. It's about setting,
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ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืœื ืฆื™ื•ืช, ืืœื ืชืคืื•ืจื”, ืจืงืข.
12:12
getting the job done, by bending or breaking the rules --
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ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื”, ืข"ื™ ื›ื™ืคื•ืฃ ืื• ืฉื‘ื™ืจืช ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื -
12:16
just look at your Indian people around here,
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ื”ืกืชื›ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืคื” ื‘ืงื”ืœ,
12:18
you'll see them smile; they know what it is.
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ืชืจืื• ืื•ืชื ืžื—ื™ื™ื›ื™ื, ื”ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื‘ืžื” ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ.
12:20
(Laughter)
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(ื”ืงื”ืœ ืฆื•ื—ืง)
12:21
And then look at people who have done business in India,
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ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ืกืชื›ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืงื”ืœ ืฉืขืฉื• ืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•,
12:23
you'll see the exasperation on their faces.
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ื•ืฆืคื• ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ื™ ื”ื™ืื•ืฉ ืขืœ ืคื ื™ื”ื.
12:25
(Laughter)
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(ื”ืงื”ืœ ืฆื•ื—ืง)
12:26
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
12:30
You see, this is what India is today. The ground reality
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ืืชื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื, ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ื•ื“ื• ื”ื™ื•ื. ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืงืจืงืข
12:32
is based on a cyclical world view.
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ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืขืœ ืจืื™ื” ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
12:34
So, it's rapidly changing, highly diverse,
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ, ื”ื™ื ืžืฉืชื ื” ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช, ืžื’ื•ื•ื ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,
12:37
chaotic, ambiguous, unpredictable.
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ื›ืื•ื˜ื™ืช, ื“ื• ืžืฉืžืขื™ืช, ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™ื”.
12:40
And people are okay with it.
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ื•ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื” ืขื ื–ื”.
12:43
And then globalization is taking place.
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ื•ืื– ื ื›ื ืกืช ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืœืคืขื•ืœื”.
12:45
The demands of modern institutional thinking is coming in.
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ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื™ืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช ื ื›ื ืกื•ืช ื’ื ื”ืŸ ืœืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช.
12:49
Which is rooted in one-life culture.
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ื•ืืœื” ื ื˜ื•ืขื•ืช ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”"ื—ื™ื™ื ืจืง ืคืขื ืื—ืช."
12:53
And a clash is going to take place,
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ื•ื”ืชื ื’ืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฉ,
12:55
like on the banks of the Indus.
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ื›ืžื• ื–ื• ืฉื”ืชืจื—ืฉื” ืขืœ ื’ื“ื•ืช ื”ืื™ื ื“ื•ืก.
12:58
It is bound to happen.
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ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืžื ืข.
13:01
I have personally experienced it. I'm trained as a medical doctor.
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ื—ื•ื•ื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ื”ืชื ื’ืฉื•ืช ื”ื–ืืช ืขืœ ื‘ืฉืจื™. ืื ื™ ืจื•ืคื ื‘ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™.
13:04
I did not want to study surgery. Don't ask me why.
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ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจื•ืคื, ืืœ ืชืฉืืœื• ืื•ืชื™ ืœืžื”.
13:07
I love mythology too much.
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ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืžื™ืชื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื™ื“ื™.
13:09
I wanted to learn mythology. But there is nowhere you can study.
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ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื™ืชื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ืืคืฉืจ ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื›ื–ื”.
13:11
So, I had to teach it to myself.
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ืื– ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™.
13:13
And mythology does not pay, well, until now.
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ื•ืžื™ืชื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืœื ืžืฉืชืœืžืช - ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืขื“ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
13:16
(Laughter)
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(ื”ืงื”ืœ ืฆื•ื—ืง)
13:20
So, I had to take up a job. And I worked in the pharma industry.
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ืื– ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืžืงืฆื•ืข, ื•ื ื›ื ืกืชื™ ืœืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืคืจืžืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”.
13:23
And I worked in the healthcare industry.
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ื•ืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ื‘ืจืคื•ืื”.
13:25
And I worked as a marketing guy, and a sales guy,
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ืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ื›ืื™ืฉ ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง, ื›ืื™ืฉ ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช.
13:27
and a knowledge guy, and a content guy, and a training guy.
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ื›ืื™ืฉ ื™ื“ืข, ื›ืื™ืฉ ืชื•ื›ืŸ, ื›ืื™ืฉ ื”ื›ืฉืจื”.
13:30
I even was a business consultant, doing strategies and tactics.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื•ืขืฅ ืขื™ืกืงื™, ื”ืชืขืกืงืชื™ ื‘ื˜ืงื˜ื™ืงื•ืช ื•ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช.
13:33
And I would see the exasperation
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ื•ืจืื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ื™ืื•ืฉ
13:35
between my American and European colleagues,
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ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ื•ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคืื™ื™ื,
13:38
when they were dealing with India.
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•.
13:40
Example: Please tell us the process
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื: ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื• ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš
13:43
to invoice hospitals.
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ืฉื‘ื• ืืชื ืžื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื.
13:46
Step A. Step B. Step C. Mostly.
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ืฆืขื“ ื', ืฆืขื“ ื‘', ืฆืขื“ ื’'. ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ.
13:50
(Laughter)
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(ื”ืงื”ืœ ืฆื•ื—ืง)
13:52
How do you parameterize "mostly"?
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ืื™ืš ืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื "ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ"?
13:54
How do you put it in a nice little software? You can't.
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ืื™ืš ืืชื” ืžื›ื ื™ืก ืืชื” ืœืชื•ื›ื ื”? ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ.
13:58
I would give my viewpoints to people.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืืช ื“ืขืชื™ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
14:00
But nobody was interested in listening to it,
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ืืš ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืขื•ื ื™ืŸ ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘,
14:02
you see, until I met Kishore Biyani of the Future group.
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ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืขื“ ืฉืคื’ืฉืชื™ ืืช ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืื ื™ ืžืคื™ื•ืฆ'ืจ ื’ืจื•ืค.
14:06
You see, he has established the largest retail chain, called Big Bazaar.
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ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื™ืกื“ื” ืฉืœ ืจืฉืช ื”ืžืจื›ื•ืœื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ื‘ื™ื’ ื‘ืื–ืืจ.
14:11
And there are more than 200 formats,
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ื•ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-200 ืžืขืจื›ื™ื ืœื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช,
14:13
across 50 cities and towns of India.
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ื‘-50 ืขืจื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ื•ื“ื•.
14:15
And he was dealing with diverse and dynamic markets.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืขืกืง ื‘ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื•ื“ื™ื ืžื™ื™ื.
14:19
And he knew very intuitively,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ื“ืข ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ื•ืื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™,
14:21
that best practices,
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ืฉื”ืคืจืงื˜ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
14:23
developed in Japan and China and Europe and America
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ืฉืคื•ืชื—ื• ื‘ื™ืคืŸ, ืกื™ืŸ, ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื•ืืžืจื™ืงื”
14:26
will not work in India.
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ืœื ื™ืขื‘ื“ื• ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•.
14:29
He knew that institutional thinking doesn't work in India. Individual thinking does.
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ื”ื•ื ื™ื“ืข ืฉื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืžื•ืกื“ื™ืช ืœื ืชืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•. ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืื™ื ื“ื™ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืืœื™ืช ื›ืŸ.
14:33
He had an intuitive understanding of the mythic structure of India.
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ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื• ื”ื‘ื ื” ืื™ื ื˜ื•ืื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžื™ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื“ื•.
14:37
So, he had asked me to be the Chief Belief Officer, and said,
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ืื– ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืžืžื ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื ื”ืœ ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ื›ื™ืจ, ื•ืืžืจ,
14:39
"All I want to do is align belief."
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"ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืžืžืš ื–ื” 'ืœืกื“ืจ' ืืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื”."
14:42
Sounds so simple.
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ื ืฉืžืข ื›ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜.
14:44
But belief is not measurable.
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ืืš ืืžื•ื ื” ืื™ื ื” ืžื“ื™ื“ื”.
14:46
You can't measure it. You can't manage it.
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ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ืื•ืชื”. ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื”ืœ ืื•ืชื”.
14:48
So, how do you construct belief?
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ืื– ืื™ืš "ื‘ื•ื ื™ื" ืืžื•ื ื”?
14:50
How do you enhance the sensitivity of people to Indian-ness.
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ืื™ืš ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืœ"ื”ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช"?
14:54
Even if you are Indian, it is not very explicit, it is not very obvious.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืืชื” ื”ื•ื“ื™, ื–ื” ืœื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื–ื” ืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืžืืœื™ื•.
14:58
So, I tried to work on the standard model of culture,
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ืื– ื ื™ืกื™ืชื™ ืœื”ืžืฆื™ื ืžื•ื“ืœ ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ -
15:02
which is, develop stories, symbols and rituals.
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืœืคืชื— ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ืกืžืœื™ื ื•ื˜ืงืกื™ื.
15:04
And I will share one of the rituals with you.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืืช ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื˜ืงืกื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืืชื›ื.
15:07
You see it is based on the Hindu ritual of Darshan.
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ื”ื˜ืงืก ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ื˜ืงืก ื”ื“ืืจืฉืŸ ืžื“ืช ื”ื”ื™ื ื“ื•.
15:10
Hindus don't have the concept of commandments.
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ืœื”ื™ื ื“ื• ืžื•ืฉื’ ื”ื“ื™ื‘ืจื•ืช ืื™ื ื• ืงื™ื™ื.
15:12
So, there is nothing right or wrong in what you do in life.
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ืื– ืื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืื• ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื•.
15:14
So, you're not really sure how you stand in front of God.
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืืชื” ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื‘ืžืขืžื“ืš ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืืœ.
15:17
So, when you go to the temple, all you seek is an audience with God.
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ, ื›ืฉืืชื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืžืงื“ืฉ, ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืžื•ืœ ื”ืืœ.
15:20
You want to see God.
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ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืืœื•ื”ื™ื.
15:22
And you want God to see you, and hence the gods have very large eyes,
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ื•ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื™ืจืื” ืื•ืชืš. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœืืœื™ื ื™ืฉ ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืžืื•ื“.
15:26
large unblinking eyes,
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ืฉืœืขื•ืœื ืื™ื ืŸ ื ืขืฆืžื•ืช.
15:28
sometimes made of silver,
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ืŸ ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื›ืกืฃ,
15:31
so they look at you.
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ื•ื›ืš, ื”ืŸ ืžื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืš.
15:33
Because you don't know whether you're right or wrong, and so all you seek
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ืžื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืืชื” ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื ืืชื” ืฆื•ื“ืง ืื• ื˜ื•ืขื”, ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืืชื” ืžื—ืคืฉ
15:35
is divine empathy.
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ื–ื• ื”ื–ื“ื”ื•ืช ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช.
15:39
"Just know where I came from, why I did the Jugaad."
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"ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชื“ืข ืžืื™ืคื” ืื ื™ ื‘ื, ื•ืœืžื” ื—ื™ืœื˜ืจืชื™ ืคื” ื•ืฉื."
15:42
(Laughter)
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(ื”ืงื”ืœ ืฆื•ื—ืง)
15:43
"Why did I do the setting,
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ืœืžื” ื“ืื’ืชื™ ืœืžืจืื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื,
15:45
why I don't care for the processes. Just understand me, please."
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ืœืžื” ืœื ืื›ืคืช ืœื™ ืžืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื, ืชื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื™, ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”."
15:50
And based on this, we created a ritual for leaders.
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ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื–ื” ื™ืฆืจื ื• ื˜ืงืก ืœืžื ื”ืœื™ื.
15:53
After a leader completes his training and is about to take over the store,
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ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืžื ื”ืœ ืžืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืฉืœื• ื•ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืงื—ืช ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืืช ืื—ื“ ื”ืกื ื™ืคื™ื,
15:57
we blindfold him, we surround him with the stakeholders,
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ืงืฉืจื ื• ืœืจืืฉื• ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื, ื•ื”ืงืคื ื• ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืืœื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื•:
16:01
the customer, his family, his team, his boss.
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ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช, ืžืฉืคื—ืชื•, ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื, ื”ื‘ื•ืก ืฉืœื•.
16:05
You read out his KRA, his KPI, you give him the keys,
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ื”ืงืจืื ื• ืœื• ืืช ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื•, ืืช ื”ืžื“ื“ื™ื ืœื”ืฆืœื—ื”, ื ืชื ื• ืœื• ืืช ื”ืžืคืชื—ื•ืช ืœืกื ื™ืฃ,
16:08
and then you remove the blindfold.
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ื•ืื– ื”ืกืจื ื• ืืช ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื.
16:10
And invariably, you see a tear,
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ื•ืœืœื ืกื™ื™ื’, ืจืื™ืช ื“ืžืขื” ื–ื•ืœื’ืช ืขืœ ืคื ื™ื•,
16:13
because the penny has dropped.
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ื›ื™ ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื ืคืœ ืœื• ื”ืืกื™ืžื•ืŸ.
16:15
He realizes that to succeed,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ืฆืœื™ื—
16:19
he does not have to be a "professional,"
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ื”ื•ื ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืงืฆื•ืขืŸ ืขื“ ื”ืกื•ืฃ,
16:22
he does not have to cut out his emotions,
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ื”ื•ื ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืœืœื ืจื’ืฉื•ืช,
16:25
he has to include all these people
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ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื‘ืขื•ืœืžื•
16:28
in his world to succeed, to make them happy,
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ืฆืœื™ื—. ืขืœื™ื• ืœืจืฆื•ืช ืื•ืชื -
16:32
to make the boss happy, to make everyone happy.
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ืœืจืฆื•ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ื•ืก, ืœืจืฆื•ืช ืืช ื›ื•ืœื.
16:34
The customer is happy, because the customer is God.
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ื”ืœืงื•ื— ืžืจื•ืฆื”, ืžื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืœืงื•ื— ื”ื•ื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื.
16:37
That sensitivity is what we need. Once this belief enters,
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ืื•ืชื” ืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื. ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ืืช ืžืชืงื‘ืœืช ืืฆืœื ื•,
16:40
behavior will happen, business will happen.
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ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืงื•ืจื” - ืขืกืงื™ื ืงื•ืจื™ื.
16:43
And it has.
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ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื” ืฉืงืจื”.
16:46
So, then we come back to Alexander
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจ.
16:49
and to the gymnosophist.
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ื•ืœื’ื™ืžื ื•ืกื•ืคื™ืกื˜.
16:51
And everybody asks me, "Which is the better way, this way or that way?"
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ื•ื›ื•ืœื ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืื•ืชื™: "ืžื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ? ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื–ื• ืื• ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื”ื™ื?
16:55
And it's a very dangerous question,
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ื•ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืฉืืœื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžืกื•ื›ื ืช.
16:57
because it leads you to the path of fundamentalism and violence.
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ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื“ืจืš ืฉืœ ืงื ืื•ืช ื•ืืœื™ืžื•ืช.
17:01
So, I will not answer the question.
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ, ืœื ืืขื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื–ื•.
17:03
What I will give you is an Indian answer,
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ืืขื ื” ืœื›ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช,
17:05
the Indian head-shake.
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ื ื“ื ื•ื“ ื”ืจืืฉ ื”ื”ื•ื“ื™.
17:07
(Laughter)
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(ื”ืงื”ืœ ืฆื•ื—ืง)
17:09
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
17:13
Depending on the context,
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ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื”ืงืฉืจ,
17:15
depending on the outcome,
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ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืชื•ืฆืื”,
17:17
choose your paradigm.
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ื‘ื—ืจื• ืืช ื”ืคืจื“ื™ื’ืžื” ืฉืœื›ื.
17:20
You see, because both the paradigms are human constructions.
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ืžื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืฉืชื™ ื”ืคืจื“ื™ื’ืžื•ืช ืขื•ืฆื‘ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื.
17:23
They are cultural creations,
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ื”ืŸ ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื•ืช,
17:26
not natural phenomena.
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ืœื ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ื˜ื‘ืข.
17:29
And so the next time you meet someone, a stranger,
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ, ื‘ืคืขื ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉืืชื ืคื•ื’ืฉื™ื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื–ืจ,
17:32
one request:
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ื™ืฉ ืจืง ื‘ืงืฉื” ืื—ืช ืืœื™ื›ื:
17:34
Understand that you live in the subjective truth,
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ืชื‘ื™ื ื• ืฉืืชื ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ืกื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช,
17:37
and so does he.
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ื•ื›ืš ื’ื ื”ื•ื.
17:39
Understand it.
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ืชื‘ื™ื ื• ืืช ื–ื”.
17:41
And when you understand it you will discover something spectacular.
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ื•ื›ืฉืชื‘ื™ื ื• ืืช ื–ื” ืชื’ืœื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืžื“ื”ื™ื.
17:46
You will discover that within infinite myths
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ืืชื ืชื’ืœื• ืฉื‘ืชื•ืš ืื•ืชื ืžื™ืชื•ืกื™ื ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ื™ื,
17:48
lies the eternal truth.
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ื™ืฉื ื” ืืžืช ื ืฆื—ื™ืช ืื—ืช.
17:50
Who sees it all?
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ืžื™ ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ื›ืœ?
17:52
Varuna has but a thousand eyes.
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ืœืืœ ื•ื•ืืจื•ื ื” ื™ืฉ ืจืง ืืœืฃ ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื.
17:54
Indra, a hundred.
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ืœืืœ ืื™ื ื“ืจื” ืจืง ืžืื”.
17:57
You and I, only two.
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ื•ืœื™ ื•ืœื›ื - ืจืง ืฉืชื™ื™ื.
17:59
Thank you. Namaste.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
18:02
(Applause)
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18000
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7