Stanley McChrystal: Listen, learn ... then lead

689,086 views ใƒป 2011-04-06

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Guy Ernest ืžื‘ืงืจ: Sigal Tifferet
00:15
Ten years ago, on a Tuesday morning,
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ืœืคื ื™ ืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ื, ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ,
00:18
I conducted a parachute jump at Fort Bragg, North Carolina.
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ืคื™ืงื“ืชื™ ืขืœ ืชืจื’ื™ืœ ืฆื ื™ื—ื” ื‘ืคื•ืจื˜ ื‘ืจืื’, ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืงืจื•ืœื™ื ื”.
00:21
It was a routine training jump, like many more I'd done
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืชืจื’ื™ืœ ืฆื ื™ื—ื” ืจื’ื™ืœ ื›ืžื• ืจื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™
00:24
since I became a paratrooper
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ืžืื– ืฉื ืขืฉืชื™ ืฆื ื—ืŸ
00:26
27 years before.
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27 ืฉื ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ.
00:28
We went down to the airfield early
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ื™ืฆืื ื• ืœืฉื“ื” ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ืžื•ืงื“ื
00:30
because this is the Army and you always go early.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื–ื” ืฆื‘ื ื•ืืชื” ืชืžื™ื“ ื™ื•ืฆื ืžื•ืงื“ื.
00:33
You do some routine refresher training,
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ืืชื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืงืฆืช ืชืจื’ื•ืœื™ ืจืขื ื•ืŸ
00:36
and then you go to put on your parachute and a buddy helps you.
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ื•ืื– ืืชื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื ื— ื•ื—ื‘ืจ ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœืš.
00:39
And you put on the T-10 parachute.
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ื•ืืชื” ืœื•ื‘ืฉ ืืช ืžืฆื ื— ื”-T10.
00:41
And you're very careful how you put the straps,
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ื•ืืชื” ืžืื“ ื ื–ื”ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืืชื” ืœื•ื‘ืฉ ืืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืขื•ืช,
00:43
particularly the leg straps because they go between your legs.
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ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืจืฆื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ืฉืขื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœืš.
00:45
And then you put on your reserve, and then you put on your heavy rucksack.
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ื•ืื– ืืช ืœื•ื‘ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื ื— ื”ืจื–ืจื‘ื™, ื•ืื– ืืชื” ืœื•ื‘ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชืจืžื™ืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื“.
00:48
And then a jumpmaster comes,
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ื•ืื– ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื”ืฆื ื™ื—ื” ืžื’ื™ืข,
00:50
and he's an experienced NCO in parachute operations.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืฉ"ืง ืžื ื•ืกื” ื‘ื”ืคืขืœืช ืฆื ื™ื—ื•ืช.
00:53
He checks you out, he grabs your adjusting straps
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ื•ื“ืง ืื•ืชืš, ื”ื•ื ืชื•ืคืก ืืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืžืชื™ื—ื”,
00:56
and he tightens everything
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื”ื“ืง ื”ื›ืœ
00:58
so that your chest is crushed,
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ืขื“ ืฉื”ื—ื–ื” ืฉืœืš ื ืžื—ืฅ,
01:00
your shoulders are crushed down,
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ื”ื›ืชืคื™ื™ื ืฉืœืš ื ืžื—ืฆื•ืช ืœืžื˜ื”,
01:02
and, of course, he's tightened so your voice goes up a couple octaves as well.
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื”ื•ื ืžื”ื“ืง ืขื“ ืฉื”ืงื•ืœ ืฉืœืš ืขื•ืœื” ืฉืชื™ ืื•ืงื˜ื‘ื•ืช ื’ื ื›ืŸ.
01:07
Then you sit down, and you wait a little while,
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ืื– ืืชื” ื™ื•ืฉื‘, ื•ืืชื” ืžืžืชื™ืŸ,
01:09
because this is the Army.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื–ื” ื”ืฆื‘ื.
01:11
Then you load the aircraft, and then you stand up and you get on,
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ื•ืื– ืืชื” ืขื•ืœื” ืœืžื˜ื•ืก, ื•ืื– ืืชื” ืขื•ืžื“ ื•ื ื›ื ืก,
01:14
and you kind of lumber to the aircraft like this, in a line of people,
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ื•ืืชื” ืžื“ื“ื” ืœืžื˜ื•ืก ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื›ื–ืืช - ื‘ื˜ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื --
01:17
and you sit down on canvas seats on either side of the aircraft.
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ื•ืืชื” ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื›ื™ืกืื•ืช ื‘ื“ ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืฆื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืก.
01:19
And you wait a little bit longer,
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ื•ืืชื” ืžื—ื›ื” ืขื•ื“ ืงืฆืช,
01:21
because this is the Air Force teaching the Army how to wait.
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ื›ื™ ื—ื™ืœ ื”ืื•ื™ืจ ืžืœืžื“ ืืช ื”ืฆื‘ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื—ื›ื•ืช.
01:26
Then you take off.
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ื•ืื– ืืชื” ืžืžืจื™ื.
01:28
And it's painful enough now --
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ื•ืื‘ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• --
01:30
and I think it's designed this way --
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ืžืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื›ื–ืืช --
01:32
it's painful enough so you want to jump.
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ื–ื” ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ื•ืื‘ ืฉืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืงืคื•ืฅ.
01:34
You didn't really want to jump, but you want out.
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ืืชื” ืœื ืžืžืฉ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืงืคื•ืฅ, ืื‘ืœ ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”.
01:36
So you get in the aircraft, you're flying along,
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ืื– ืืชื” ื ื›ื ืก ืœืžื˜ื•ืก, ื•ืืชื” ื˜ืก ืื™ืชื•,
01:39
and at 20 minutes out, these jumpmasters start giving you commands.
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ื•ืื—ืจื™ 20 ื“ืงื•ืช, ืžื“ืจื™ื›ื™ ื”ืฆื ื™ื—ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืชืช ืœืš ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช.
01:41
They give 20 minutes -- that's a time warning.
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ื”ื ื ื•ืชื ื™ื 20 ื“ืงื•ืช -- ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืชืจืืช ื–ืžืŸ.
01:43
You sit there, OK.
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ืืชื” ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื, ื‘ืกื“ืจ.
01:45
Then they give you 10 minutes.
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ื•ืื– ื”ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœืš 10 ื“ืงื•ืช.
01:47
And of course, you're responding with all of these.
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืืชื” ืžื’ื™ื‘ ืขื ื›ืœ ืืœื”.
01:49
And that's to boost everybody's confidence, to show that you're not scared.
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ื•ื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื›ื•ืœื, ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืฉืืชื” ืœื ืคื•ื—ื“.
01:52
Then they give you, "Get ready."
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ื•ืื– ื”ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœืš, "ื”ื™ื›ื•ืŸ"
01:54
Then they go, "Outboard personnel, stand up."
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ืื– ื”ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื, "ืฆื•ื•ืช ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™, ืขืžื•ื“."
01:57
If you're an outboard personnel, now you stand up.
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ื•ืื ืืชื” ื‘ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™, ืืชื” ืขื•ืžื“ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
02:00
If you're an inboard personnel, stand up.
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ืื ืืชื” ื‘ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™, ืขืžื•ื“.
02:02
And then you hook up, and you hook up your static line.
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ื•ืื– ื”ื ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืื•ืชืš, ื•ืืชื” ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื˜ ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื™.
02:05
And at that point, you think, "Hey, guess what?
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ื•ื‘ืจื’ืข ื”ื–ื” ืืชื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘, "ื”ื™, ื ื—ืฉ ืžื”?"
02:07
I'm probably going to jump.
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ืื ื™ ื›ื ืจืื” ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืงืคื•ืฅ.
02:09
There's no way to get out of this at this point."
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ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจืš ืœืฆืืช ืžื–ื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื•."
02:11
You go through some additional checks, and then they open the door.
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ืืชื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืžืกืคืจ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช, ื•ืื– ื”ื ืคื•ืชื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ืœืช.
02:14
And this was that Tuesday morning in September,
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื™ื•ื ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ
02:17
and it was pretty nice outside.
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ื•ื”ื™ื” ื“ื™ ื™ืคื” ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ.
02:19
So nice air comes flowing in.
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ื•ืื•ื™ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื–ื•ืจื ืคื ื™ืžื”.
02:22
The jumpmasters start to check the door.
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ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื”ืฆื ื™ื—ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ื“ืœืช.
02:24
And then when it's time to go,
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ื•ืื– ื›ืฉืžื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœืฆืืช,
02:26
a green light goes and the jumpmaster goes, "Go."
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ืื•ืจ ื™ืจื•ืง ื ื“ืœืง ื•ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื”ืงืคื™ืฆื” ืื•ืžืจ, "ืฆื."
02:28
The first guy goes, and you're just in line,
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ื•ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืฆื, ื•ืืชื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื‘ืชื•ืจ,
02:30
and you just kind of lumber to the door.
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ื•ืืชื” ื“ื™ ืžื“ื“ื” ืœื“ืœืช.
02:32
Jump is a misnomer; you fall.
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ืงืคื™ืฆื” ื–ื” ืžื•ืฉื’ ืžื˜ืขื”, ืืชื” ื ื•ืคืœ.
02:34
You fall outside the door,
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ืืชื” ื ื•ืคืœ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื“ืœืช,
02:36
you're caught in the slipstream.
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ืืชื” ื ืชืงืข ื‘ื–ืจื ื”ืื•ื™ืจ.
02:38
The first thing you do is lock into a tight body position --
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืืชื” ืขื•ืฉื” ื–ื” ืœื ืขื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืžื”ื•ื“ืง --
02:41
head down in your chest, your arms extended,
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ื”ืจืืฉ ืฆืžื•ื“ ืœื—ื–ื”, ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืคืจื•ืฉื•ืช,
02:43
put over your reserve parachute.
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ื•ืžืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื ื— ื”ืจื–ืจื‘ื™.
02:46
You do that because, 27 years before,
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ืืชื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉ27 ืฉื ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ,
02:49
an airborne sergeant had taught me to do that.
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ืจืก"ืจ ืžื•ื˜ืก ืœื™ืžื“ ืื•ืชื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช.
02:52
I have no idea whether it makes any difference,
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ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืžื•ืฉื’ ืื ื–ื” ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ,
02:54
but he seemed to make sense,
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™,
02:56
and I wasn't going to test the hypothesis that he'd be wrong.
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ื•ืœื ืขืžื“ืชื™ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ื”ื ื—ื” ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื”ื•ื ื˜ื•ืขื”.
03:00
And then you wait for the opening shock
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ื•ืื– ืืชื” ืžืžืชื™ืŸ ืœืฉื•ืง ื”ืคืชื™ื—ื”
03:02
for your parachute to open.
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžืฆื ื— ืฉืœืš ื ืคืชื—.
03:04
If you don't get an opening shock, you don't get a parachute --
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ืื ืืชื” ืœื ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืฉื•ืง ื”ืคืชื™ื—ื”, ืืชื” ืœื ืžืงื‘ืœ ืžืฆื ื— --
03:06
you've got a whole new problem set.
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ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœืžื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช.
03:09
But typically you do; typically it opens.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ื ืคืชื—.
03:12
And of course, if your leg straps aren't set right,
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืื ืจืฆื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื ืœื ืžื•ื ื—ื•ืช ื ื›ื•ืŸ,
03:15
at that point you get another little thrill.
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ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ื–ืืช ืืชื” ืžืงื‘ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื”ืชืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืงืœื”.
03:17
Boom.
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ื‘ื•ื.
03:19
So then you look around,
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ื•ืื– ืืชื” ืžืกืชื›ืœ ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘,
03:21
you're under a canopy and you say, "This is good."
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ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœืš ืื•ืžืจื™ื, "ื–ื” ื˜ื•ื‘."
03:23
Now you prepare for the inevitable.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืืชื” ืžืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืžื ืข.
03:25
You are going to hit the ground.
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ืืชื” ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื—ื‘ื•ื˜ ื‘ืื“ืžื”.
03:27
You can't delay that much.
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ืืชื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื›ื‘ ื–ืืช ื”ืจื‘ื”.
03:29
And you really can't decide where you hit very much,
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ื•ืืชื” ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืชื™ืคื•ืœ,
03:31
because they pretend you can steer,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื ืžืขืžื™ื“ื™ื ืคื ื™ื ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื”ื•ื’,
03:33
but you're being delivered.
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ืื‘ืœ ืืชื” ื ื–ืจืง.
03:36
So you look around, where you're going to land,
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ืื– ืืชื” ืžืกืชื›ืœ ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘, ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืืชื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื ื—ื•ืช,
03:38
you try to make yourself ready.
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ืืชื” ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืŸ.
03:40
And then as you get close, you lower your rucksack below you on a lowering line,
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ื•ืื– ืืชื” ืžืชืงืจื‘, ืืชื” ืžื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืชืจืžื™ืœ ืžืชื—ืชื™ืš ืขืœ ื—ื•ื˜ ื”ื ืžื›ื”,
03:43
so that it's not on you when you land,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ืš ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื” ื ื•ื—ืช,
03:45
and you prepare to do a parachute-landing fall.
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ื•ืืชื” ืžืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื’ืœื’ื•ืœ ื ื—ื™ืชืช ืฆื ื™ื—ื”.
03:47
Now the Army teaches you
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ืฆื‘ื ืžืœืžื“ ืื•ืชืš
03:49
to do five points of performance --
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ืœืขืฉื•ืช 5 ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข --
03:51
the toes of your feet,
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ืงืฆื•ืช ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื,
03:53
your calves, your thighs,
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ื”ืฉื•ืงื™ื™ื ืฉืœืš, ื”ื™ืจื›ื™ื™ื ืฉืœืš,
03:55
your buttocks and your push-up muscles.
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ื”ืขื›ื•ื– ืฉืœืš, ื•ืฉืจื™ืจื™ ืฉื›ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืกืžื™ื›ื”.
03:58
It's this elegant little land, twist and roll.
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ื–ืืช ื”ื ื—ื™ืชื” ื”ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ืช ื”ื–ืืช, ืกื‘ื•ื‘ ื•ื’ื™ืœื’ื•ืœ.
04:01
And that's not going to hurt.
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื›ืื•ื‘.
04:03
In 30-some years of jumping, I never did one.
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ื‘-30 ืฉื ื” ืฉืœ ืฆื ื™ื—ื•ืช, ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืื—ืช.
04:06
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:08
I always landed like a watermelon out of a third floor window.
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ืื ื™ ืชืžื™ื“ ื ื—ืชืชื™ ื›ืžื• ืื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื ื•ืคืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืŸ ื”ืงื•ืžื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช.
04:11
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:13
And as soon as I hit,
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ื•ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื ื—ื‘ื˜ืชื™,
04:15
the first thing I did is I'd see if I'd broken anything that I needed.
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื”ื™ื” ืœืจืื•ืช ืื ืฉื‘ืจืชื™ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš.
04:19
I'd shake my head,
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ื ืขื ืขืชื™ ืืช ื”ืจืืฉ ืฉืœื™,
04:21
and I'd ask myself the eternal question:
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ื•ืฉืืœืชื™ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื ืฆื—ื™ืช:
04:24
"Why didn't I go into banking?"
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"ืžื“ื•ืข ืœื ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ื ืง?"
04:26
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:28
And I'd look around,
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ื•ื”ืกืชื›ืœืชื™ ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘,
04:30
and then I'd see another paratrooper,
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ื•ืื– ืจืื™ืชื™ ืขื•ื“ ืฆื ื—ืŸ,
04:32
a young guy or girl,
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ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืฆืขื™ืจ ืื• ื‘ื—ื•ืจื”,
04:34
and they'd have pulled out their M4 carbine
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ื•ื”ื ืฉื•ืœืคื™ื ืืช ืจื•ื‘ื” ื” M-4 ืฉืœื”ื
04:36
and they'd be picking up their equipment.
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ื•ื”ื ืื•ืกืคื™ื ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ื“ ืฉืœื”ื.
04:38
They'd be doing everything
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ื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ
04:40
that we had taught them.
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ืžื” ืฉืœื™ืžื“ื ื• ืื•ืชื.
04:42
And I realized
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ื•ืื ื™ ื”ื‘ื ืชื™
04:44
that, if they had to go into combat,
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ืฉืื ื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฆืืช ืœืงืจื‘,
04:47
they would do what we had taught them and they would follow leaders.
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ื”ื ื™ืขืฉื• ืืช ืžื” ืฉืœื™ืžื“ื ื• ืื•ืชื ื•ื”ื ื™ืœื›ื• ืื—ืจื™ ืžืคืงื“ื™ื.
04:50
And I realized that, if they came out of combat,
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ื•ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืฉืื ื”ื ื™ืฆืื• ืžื”ืงืจื‘,
04:53
it would be because we led them well.
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ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืฉืคื™ืงื“ื ื• ืขืœื™ื”ื ื˜ื•ื‘.
04:55
And I was hooked again on the importance of what I did.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืชื—ื‘ืจ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืœื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™.
04:59
So now I do that Tuesday morning jump,
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ืื– ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ืฆื ื™ื—ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ืฉืœื™ืฉื™,
05:01
but it's not any jump --
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ืืช ืœื ืกืชื ืฆื ื™ื—ื” --
05:03
that was September 11th, 2001.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘-11 ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2001.
05:07
And when we took off from the airfield, America was at peace.
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ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžืจืื ื• ืžืฉื“ื” ื”ืชืขื•ืคื”, ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื—ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืฉืœื•ื.
05:10
When we landed on the drop-zone, everything had changed.
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ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื—ืชื ื• ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ื ื—ื™ืชื”, ื”ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืชื ื”.
05:14
And what we thought
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ื•ืžื” ืฉื—ืฉื‘ื ื•
05:16
about the possibility of those young soldiers going into combat
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ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืœืฆืืช ืœืงืจื‘
05:18
as being theoretical
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ื›ื“ื‘ืจ ืชืื•ืจื˜ื™
05:20
was now very, very real --
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ื”ื™ื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืžืื“ ืžืื“ ืืžื™ืชื™ --
05:22
and leadership seemed important.
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ื•ืคื™ืงื•ื“ ื ืจืื” ื›ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘.
05:24
But things had changed;
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ืื‘ืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืฉืชื ื• --
05:26
I was a 46-year-old brigadier general.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืชื"ืœ ื‘ืŸ 46.
05:28
I'd been successful,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื•ืฆืœื—,
05:30
but things changed so much
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืฉืชื ื• ื›ืœ ื›ืš
05:33
that I was going to have to make some significant changes,
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ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื --
05:35
and on that morning, I didn't know it.
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ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื•ืงืจ, ืœื ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ื–ืืช.
05:38
I was raised with traditional stories of leadership:
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ื—ื•ื ื›ืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืคื™ืงื•ื“:
05:41
Robert E. Lee, John Buford at Gettysburg.
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ืจื•ื‘ืจื˜ ืœื™, ื’'ื•ืŸ ื‘ืืคื•ืจื“ ื‘ื’ื˜ื™ืกื‘ื•ืจื’.
05:44
And I also was raised
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ื•ื’ื ื—ื•ื ื›ืชื™
05:46
with personal examples of leadership.
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ืขื ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคื™ืงื•ื“.
05:49
This was my father in Vietnam.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืื‘ื ืฉืœื™ ื‘ื•ื™ื™ืื˜ื ื.
05:52
And I was raised to believe
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ื•ื—ื•ื ื›ืชื™ ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ
05:54
that soldiers were strong and wise
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ืฉื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื—ื–ืงื™ื ื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื
05:56
and brave and faithful;
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ื•ืืžื™ืฆื™ื ื•ืžืœืื™ ืืžื•ื ื” --
05:58
they didn't lie, cheat, steal
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ื”ื ืœื ืฉื™ืงืจื•, ืจื™ืžื•, ื’ื ื‘ื•
06:00
or abandon their comrades.
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ืื• ื ื˜ืฉื• ืืช ื—ื‘ืจื™ื”ื.
06:02
And I still believe real leaders are like that.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื ื”ื ื›ืืœื”.
06:09
But in my first 25 years of career,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘-25 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ืฉืœื™,
06:11
I had a bunch of different experiences.
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ื”ื™ื• ืœื™ ื›ืžื” ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช.
06:14
One of my first battalion commanders,
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ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืžื’"ื“ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื™,
06:16
I worked in his battalion for 18 months
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ืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ื‘ื’ื“ื•ื“ ืฉืœื• ื‘ืžืฉืš 18 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื
06:18
and the only conversation he ever had with Lt. McChrystal
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ื•ื”ืฉื™ื—ื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืœื• ืขื ืกื’"ืž ืžืงืงืจื™ืกื˜ืœ
06:22
was at mile 18 of a 25-mile road march,
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ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืง"ืž ื”-29 ื‘ืฆืขื“ืช 40 ื”ืง"ืž,
06:25
and he chewed my ass for about 40 seconds.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ืจื“ ืขืœื™ ื‘ืžืฉืš 40 ืฉื ื™ื•ืช.
06:27
And I'm not sure that was real interaction.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื–ืืช ื”ื™ืชื” ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืืžื™ืชื™ืช.
06:30
But then a couple of years later, when I was a company commander,
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ืื‘ืœ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ืื—ืจ ื›ืš, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืคืงื“ ืžื—ืœืงื”,
06:33
I went out to the National Training Center.
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ื™ืฆืืชื™ ืœื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื”ืืจืฆื™.
06:35
And we did an operation,
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ื•ืขืฉื™ื ื• ืžื‘ืฆืข,
06:37
and my company did a dawn attack --
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ื•ื”ืžื—ืœืงื” ืฉืœื™ ืขืฉืชื” ื”ืชืงืคืช ืฉื—ืจ --
06:39
you know, the classic dawn attack:
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื”ืชืงืคืช ืฉื—ืจ ืงืœืืกื™ืช:
06:41
you prepare all night, move to the line of departure.
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ืืชื” ืžืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ืœื™ืœื”, ื ืข ืœืฉื˜ื— ื”ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช.
06:43
And I had an armored organization at that point.
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ื•ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื™ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืžืฉื•ืจื™ื ืช ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื ืงื•ื“ื”.
06:45
We move forward, and we get wiped out --
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ื ืขื ื• ืงื“ื™ืžื”, ื•ื—ื•ืกืœื ื• --
06:47
I mean, wiped out immediately.
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ื—ื•ืกืœื ื• ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ืช.
06:49
The enemy didn't break a sweat doing it.
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ื”ืื•ื™ื‘ ื›ืœืœ ืœื ื”ื–ื™ืข ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™.
06:52
And after the battle,
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ื•ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืงืจื‘,
06:54
they bring this mobile theater and they do what they call an "after action review"
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ื”ื ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื ื™ื™ื“ ื•ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืžื” ืฉื ืงืจื "ืชื—ืงื™ืจ ืื—ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข"
06:57
to teach you what you've done wrong.
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ืœืœืžื“ ืื•ืชืš ืžื” ืขืฉื™ืช ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
06:59
Sort of leadership by humiliation.
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ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืคื™ืงื•ื“ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืฉืคืœื”.
07:01
They put a big screen up, and they take you through everything:
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ื”ื ืฉืžื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืกืš ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื•ื”ื ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืชืš ื“ืจืš ื”ื›ืœ.
07:03
"and then you didn't do this, and you didn't do this, etc."
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"... ื•ืื– ืœื ืขืฉื™ืช ืืช ื–ื”, ื•ืœื ืขืฉื™ืช ืืช ื–ื”, ื•ื›ื•,"
07:06
I walked out feeling as low
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ื™ืฆืืชื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืžืื“ ืฉืคื•ืฃ
07:08
as a snake's belly in a wagon rut.
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ื›ืžื• ื ื—ืฉ ืขืœ ื’ื—ื•ื ื•.
07:10
And I saw my battalion commander, because I had let him down.
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ื•ืจืื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืžื’"ื“ ืฉืœื™, ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืื›ื–ื‘ืชื™ ืื•ืชื•.
07:13
And I went up to apologize to him,
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ื•ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœื”ืชื ืฆืœ ื‘ืคื ื™ื•,
07:15
and he said, "Stanley, I thought you did great."
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ, "ืกื˜ื ืœื™, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืช ื ื”ื“ืจ."
07:18
And in one sentence,
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ื•ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ ืื—ื“,
07:20
he lifted me, put me back on my feet,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื™, ื•ื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืื•ืชื™ ื—ื–ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื,
07:23
and taught me that leaders can let you fail
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ื•ืœื™ืžื“ ืื•ืชื™ ืฉืžืคืงื“ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืชืช ืœืš ืœื”ื›ืฉืœ
07:26
and yet not let you be a failure.
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ืœืชืช ืœืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืฉืœื•ืŸ.
07:31
When 9/11 came,
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ื›ืืฉืจ 11/9 ื”ืชืจื—ืฉ,
07:33
46-year-old Brig. Gen. McChrystal sees a whole new world.
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ืชื"ืœ ืžืงืงืจื™ืกื˜ืœ ื‘ืŸ ื”-46 ืจื•ืื” ืขื•ืœื ื—ื“ืฉ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ.
07:37
First, the things that are obvious, that you're familiar with:
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ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื, ืฉืืชื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื:
07:40
the environment changed --
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ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืฉืชื ืชื” --
07:42
the speed, the scrutiny,
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ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืชื™ื•ืช,
07:44
the sensitivity of everything now is so fast,
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ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื”ื™ืจื”,
07:46
sometimes it evolves faster
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื–ื” ืžืชืคืชื— ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ
07:48
than people have time to really reflect on it.
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ืžืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื–ืžืŸ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื–ื”.
07:50
But everything we do
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื
07:52
is in a different context.
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืื—ืจ.
07:55
More importantly, the force that I led
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘, ื”ื›ื•ื— ืฉืคื™ืงื“ืชื™ ืขืœื™ื•
07:57
was spread over more than 20 countries.
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ื”ื™ื” ืžืคื•ื–ืจ ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืขืฉืจื™ื ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช.
08:00
And instead of being able to get all the key leaders
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ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืคืงื“ื™ื
08:02
for a decision together in a single room
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ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ืื—ื“
08:04
and look them in the eye and build their confidence
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ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ืœื”ื ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื
08:06
and get trust from them,
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ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžื”ื ืืžื•ืŸ,
08:08
I'm now leading a force that's dispersed,
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ืื ื™ ืžืคืงื“ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืขืœ ื›ื•ื— ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืคื•ื–ืจ,
08:11
and I've got to use other techniques.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช.
08:14
I've got to use video teleconferences, I've got to use chat,
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ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื•ืขื™ื“ื•ืช ื•ื™ื“ืื•, ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฆ'ื˜,
08:17
I've got to use email, I've got to use phone calls --
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ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื“ื•ืืจ ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™, ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ --
08:19
I've got to use everything I can,
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ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ,
08:22
not just for communication,
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ืœื ืจืง ืœืชืงืฉื•ืจืช,
08:24
but for leadership.
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ืืœื ื’ื ืœืคื™ืงื•ื“.
08:26
A 22-year-old individual
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ืฆืขื™ืจ ื‘ืŸ 22
08:28
operating alone,
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ืžืชืคืงื“ ืœื‘ื“
08:30
thousands of miles from me,
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ืืœืคื™ ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืžืžื ื™
08:32
has got to communicate to me with confidence.
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ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืชืงืฉืจ ืื™ืชื™ ื‘ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ.
08:35
I have to have trust in them and vice versa.
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ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื™ ืืžื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ื•ืœื”ื ื‘ื™.
08:38
And I also have to build their faith.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ื’ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœื”ื.
08:41
And that's a new kind of leadership
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ื•ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืคื™ืงื•ื“
08:43
for me.
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ืขื‘ื•ืจื™.
08:45
We had one operation
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ื”ื™ื” ืžื‘ืฆืข ืื—ื“
08:47
where we had to coordinate it from multiple locations.
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ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืชืื ืื•ืชื• ืžืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
08:49
An emerging opportunity came --
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ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฆืฆื” --
08:51
didn't have time to get everybody together.
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ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื›ื•ืœื ื‘ื™ื—ื“.
08:54
So we had to get complex intelligence together,
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ืื– ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืืกื•ืฃ ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘,
08:57
we had to line up the ability to act.
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืคืขื•ืœ.
08:59
It was sensitive, we had to go up the chain of command,
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืจื’ื™ืฉ, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื˜ืคืก ื‘ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื“,
09:02
convince them that this was the right thing to do
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ืœืฉื›ื ืข ืื•ืชื ืฉื–ื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช,
09:04
and do all of this
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ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื–ื”
09:06
on electronic medium.
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ื‘ืืžืฆืขื™ื ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื.
09:09
We failed.
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ื ื›ืฉืœื ื•.
09:12
The mission didn't work.
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ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื” ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื”.
09:14
And so now what we had to do
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ื•ืื– ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช,
09:16
is I had to reach out
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ื”ื™ื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื’ื™ืข
09:18
to try to rebuild the trust of that force,
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ื•ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืืžื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื— ื”ื–ื”,
09:20
rebuild their confidence --
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ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื --
09:22
me and them, and them and me,
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ืฉืœื™ ื‘ื”ื ื•ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ื™
09:24
and our seniors and us as a force --
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ื•ื”ืžืคืงื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ื›ื•ื— --
09:27
all without the ability to put a hand on a shoulder.
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ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ืœื™ ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืฉื™ื ื™ื“ ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชืฃ.
09:30
Entirely new requirement.
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ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ.
09:34
Also, the people had changed.
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ื’ื ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืฉืชื ื•.
09:37
You probably think that the force that I led
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ืืชื ื‘ื˜ื— ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื›ื•ื— ืฉืคื™ืงื“ืชื™ ืขืœื™ื•
09:39
was all steely-eyed commandos with big knuckle fists
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ื”ื™ื” ื›ื•ืœื• ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ ืงื•ืžื ื“ื• ืงืฉื•ื—ื™ื ืขื ืื’ืจื•ืคื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื
09:42
carrying exotic weapons.
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ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื›ืœื™ ื ืฉืง ืืงื–ื•ื˜ื™ื™ื.
09:45
In reality,
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ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช,
09:47
much of the force I led
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ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื›ื•ื— ืฉื”ื•ื‘ืœืชื™
09:49
looked exactly like you.
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ื ืจืื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื•ื›ื.
09:52
It was men, women, young, old --
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ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื’ื‘ืจื™ื, ื ืฉื™ื, ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื, ื–ืงื ื™ื --
09:55
not just from military; from different organizations,
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ืœื ืจืง ืžื”ืฆื‘ื, ืžืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื,
09:58
many of them detailed to us just from a handshake.
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ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื ื”ื›ื™ืจื• ืื•ืชื ื• ืจืง ืžืœื—ื™ืฆืช ื™ื“.
10:01
And so instead of giving orders,
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ืื– ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืชืช ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช,
10:03
you're now building consensus
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ืืชื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ื•ื ื” ืงื•ื ืฆื ื–ื•ืก
10:05
and you're building a sense of shared purpose.
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ื•ืืชื” ื‘ื•ื ื” ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืžื˜ืจื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช.
10:09
Probably the biggest change
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ื›ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ
10:11
was understanding that the generational difference,
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ื”ื™ื” ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืคืขืจ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช,
10:14
the ages, had changed so much.
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ื”ื’ื™ืœืื™ื, ื”ืฉืชื ื• ืžืื“.
10:17
I went down to be with a Ranger platoon
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ื™ืจื“ืชื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื ืคืœื•ื’ืช ืกื™ื•ืจ
10:20
on an operation in Afghanistan,
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ื‘ืžื‘ืฆืข ื‘ืืคื’ื ื™ืกื˜ืŸ,
10:22
and on that operation,
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ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืฆืข ื”ื–ื”,
10:24
a sergeant in the platoon
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ืกืžืœ ื‘ืคืœื•ื’ื”
10:26
had lost about half his arm
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ืื™ื‘ื“ ื—ืฆื™ ืžื”ื™ื“ ืฉืœื•
10:28
throwing a Taliban hand grenade
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ื›ืฉื–ืจืง ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ ื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ืœื™ื‘ืืŸ
10:30
back at the enemy
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ื—ื–ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืื•ื™ื‘
10:32
after it had landed in his fire team.
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ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื—ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœื•.
10:36
We talked about the operation,
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ื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืžื‘ืฆืข,
10:38
and then at the end I did what I often do with a force like that.
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ื•ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ืœืจื•ื‘ ืขื ื›ื•ื— ื›ื–ื”.
10:41
I asked, "Where were you on 9/11?"
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ืฉืืœืชื™, "ืื™ืคื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื ื‘ 11/9?"
10:45
And one young Ranger in the back --
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ื•ื—ื™ื™ืœ ืกื™ื•ืจ ืฆืขื™ืจ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ --
10:47
his hair's tousled and his face is red and windblown
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ืขื ืฉื™ืขืจ ืคืจื•ืข ื•ืคื ื™ื ืื“ื•ืžื•ืช
10:49
from being in combat in the cold Afghan wind --
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ืžื”ืงืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืงืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืคื’ื ื™ืกื˜ืŸ --
10:53
he said, "Sir, I was in the sixth grade."
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ื•ืืžืจ, "ื”ืžืคืงื“, ืื ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื›ื™ืชื” ื•'."
10:57
And it reminded me
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœื™
11:00
that we're operating a force
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื›ื•ื— ืคืขื•ืœื”
11:02
that must have shared purpose
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ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœ ืžื˜ืจื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช
11:04
and shared consciousness,
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ื•ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช,
11:06
and yet he has different experiences,
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ืืš ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ืœื• ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช,
11:08
in many cases a different vocabulary,
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ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื’ื ืื•ืฆืจ ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉื•ื ื”,
11:11
a completely different skill set
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ
11:13
in terms of digital media
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ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื” ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืืœื™ืช
11:16
than I do and many of the other senior leaders.
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ืžืฉืœื™ ื•ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ืžืคืงื“ื™ื ื”ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื.
11:20
And yet, we need to have that shared sense.
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื• ืจื’ืฉ ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ.
11:25
It also produced something
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ื–ื” ื’ื ื™ืฆืจ ืžืฉื”ื•
11:27
which I call an inversion of expertise,
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ืฉืื ื™ ืงื•ืจื ืœื• ื”ื™ืคื•ืš ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™,
11:29
because we had so many changes at the lower levels
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจืžื•ืช ื”ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช
11:32
in technology and tactics and whatnot,
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ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”, ื•ื˜ืงื˜ื™ืงื•ืช ื•ืžื” ืœื,
11:34
that suddenly the things that we grew up doing
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ืฉืคืชืื•ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื• ื›ืฉื’ื“ืœื ื•
11:37
wasn't what the force was doing anymore.
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ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื›ื•ื— ืขืฉื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
11:40
So how does a leader
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ืื– ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžื ื”ื™ื’
11:42
stay credible and legitimate
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ื ืฉืืจ ื‘ืขืœ ืืžื™ื ื•ืช ื•ืœื’ื™ื˜ื™ืžื™
11:44
when they haven't done
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืœื ืขืฉื”
11:46
what the people you're leading are doing?
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ืžื” ืฉื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ืขื•ืฉื™ื?
11:49
And it's a brand new leadership challenge.
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ื•ื–ื” ืืชื’ืจ ืคื™ืงื•ื“ื™ ื—ื“ืฉ ืœื’ืžืจื™.
11:51
And it forced me to become a lot more transparent,
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื›ืจื™ื— ืื•ืชื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืงื•ืฃ,
11:54
a lot more willing to listen,
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘,
11:56
a lot more willing to be reverse-mentored from lower.
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจืš ื‘ื”ื™ืคื•ืš ืžืœืžื˜ื”.
12:01
And yet, again, you're not all in one room.
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ื•ืฉื•ื‘, ืืชื ืœื ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ืื—ื“.
12:05
Then another thing.
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ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ.
12:07
There's an effect on you and on your leaders.
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ื™ืฉ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืขืœื™ืš ื•ืขืœ ื”ืžืคืงื“ื™ื ืฉืœืš.
12:09
There's an impact, it's cumulative.
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ื™ืฉ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจืช.
12:12
You don't reset, or recharge your battery every time.
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ืืชื” ืœื ืžืืคืก ืื• ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืกื•ืœืœื” ืฉืœืš ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื.
12:16
I stood in front of a screen one night in Iraq
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ืขืžื“ืชื™ ืžื•ืœ ืžืกืš ืœื™ืœื” ืื—ื“ ื‘ืขื™ืจืืง
12:18
with one of my senior officers
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ืขื ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืงืฆื™ื ื™ื ื”ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœื™
12:20
and we watched a firefight from one of our forces.
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ื•ืฆืคื™ื ื• ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืืฉ ืฉืœ ืื—ื“ ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
12:22
And I remembered his son was in our force.
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ื•ื ื–ื›ืจืชื™ ืฉื”ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœื• ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื›ื•ื— ืฉืœื ื•.
12:25
And I said, "John, where's your son? And how is he?"
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ื•ืืžืจืชื™, "ื’'ื•ืŸ, ืื™ืคื” ื”ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœืš? ื•ืื™ืš ื”ื•ื?"
12:28
And he said, "Sir, he's fine. Thanks for asking."
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ, "ื”ืžืคืงื“, ื”ื•ื ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ืชื•ื“ื” ืฉืฉืืœืชื™."
12:30
I said, "Where is he now?"
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ืืžืจืชื™, "ืื™ืคื” ื”ื•ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื•?"
12:32
And he pointed at the screen, he said, "He's in that firefight."
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืš, ื•ืืžืจ, "ื”ื•ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื”ืืฉ ื”ื–ื”."
12:35
Think about watching your brother, father,
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ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ืื— ืฉืœื›ื, ืื‘ื ืฉืœื›ื,
12:38
daughter, son, wife
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ื‘ืช, ื‘ืŸ, ืื™ืฉื”
12:41
in a firefight in real time
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ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืืžื™ืชื™ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžื™ืชื™
12:43
and you can't do anything about it.
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ื•ืืชื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื–ื”.
12:45
Think about knowing that over time.
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ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ืœื“ืขืช ืืช ื–ื” ืœืื•ืจืš ืชืงื•ืคื”.
12:47
And it's a new cumulative pressure on leaders.
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื—ืฅ ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ืขืœ ื”ืžืคืงื“ื™ื.
12:49
And you have to watch and take care of each other.
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ื•ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื•ืœื˜ืคืœ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื ื™.
12:54
I probably learned the most about relationships.
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ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื” ืœืžื“ืชื™ ื”ื›ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขืœ ื™ื—ืกื™ื.
12:58
I learned they are the sinew
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ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืฉื”ื ื”ื’ื™ื“ื™ื
13:01
which hold the force together.
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ืฉืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื—ื“.
13:03
I grew up much of my career in the Ranger regiment.
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ืืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ืฉืœื™ ื’ื“ืœืชื™ ื‘ื’ื“ื•ื“ื™ ื”ืกื™ื•ืจ.
13:06
And every morning in the Ranger regiment,
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ื•ื›ืœ ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื‘ื’ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืกื™ื•ืจ,
13:08
every Ranger -- and there are more than 2,000 of them --
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ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ืœ -- ื•ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-2,000 ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื --
13:10
says a six-stanza Ranger creed.
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ืื•ืžืจ ืืช ืฉื‘ื•ืขืช ื”ื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืช ืฉืฉืช ื”ืฉื•ืจื•ืช.
13:13
You may know one line of it, it says,
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ืืชื ืื•ืœื™ ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืฉื•ืจื” ืื—ืช ืžืžื ื”, ื–ื” ื”ื•ืœืš ื›ืš,
13:15
"I'll never leave a fallen comrade to fall into the hands of the enemy."
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"ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืืฉืื™ืจ ื—ื‘ืจ ืฉื ืคืœ, ืœื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืื•ื™ื‘."
13:18
And it's not a mindless mantra,
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ื•ื–ื• ืื™ื ื” ืžื ื˜ืจื” ืกืชืžื™ืช,
13:20
and it's not a poem.
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ื•ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ืฉื™ืจ.
13:22
It's a promise.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื”.
13:24
Every Ranger promises every other Ranger,
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ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ืœ ืกื™ื•ืจ ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืœื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ืœ ืื—ืจ
13:26
"No matter what happens, no matter what it costs me,
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ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืžื” ื™ืงืจื”, ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืžื” ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ,
13:29
if you need me, I'm coming."
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ืื ืืชื” ื–ืงื•ืง ืœื™, ืื ื™ ืื’ื™ืข.
13:32
And every Ranger gets that same promise
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ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ืœ ืกื™ื•ืจ ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืื•ืชื” ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื”
13:34
from every other Ranger.
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ืžื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ืœ ืื—ืจ.
13:36
Think about it. It's extraordinarily powerful.
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ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื–ื”. ื–ื” ื—ื–ืง ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœื ืชืืžืŸ.
13:38
It's probably more powerful than marriage vows.
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ื–ื” ื›ื ืจืื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื–ืง ืžืฉื‘ื•ืขืช ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ.
13:43
And they've lived up to it, which gives it special power.
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ื•ื”ื ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืืช ื–ื”, ืžื” ืฉื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื–ื” ื›ื•ื— ืžื™ื•ื—ื“.
13:46
And so the organizational relationship that bonds them
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ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื
13:50
is just amazing.
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ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ืžื“ื”ื™ื.
13:52
And I learned personal relationships
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ื•ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืฉื™ื—ืกื™ื ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื
13:54
were more important than ever.
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ื”ื™ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืžืชืžื™ื“.
13:56
We were in a difficult operation in Afghanistan in 2007,
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืžื‘ืฆืข ืžืกื•ื‘ืš ื‘ืืคื’ื ื™ืกื˜ืŸ ื‘-2007,
13:59
and an old friend of mine,
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ื•ื—ื‘ืจ ื™ืฉืŸ ืฉืœื™,
14:01
that I had spent many years
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ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืื™ืชื•
14:03
at various points of my career with --
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ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ืฉืœื™ --
14:05
godfather to one of their kids --
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื”ืกื ื“ืง ืฉืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื• --
14:08
he sent me a note, just in an envelope,
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ืฉืœื— ืœื™ ืคืชืง, ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžืขื˜ืคื”,
14:11
that had a quote from Sherman to Grant
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ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื• ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ ืžืฉืจืžืŸ ืœื’ืจื ื˜
14:13
that said, "I knew if I ever got in a tight spot,
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ืฉืืžืจ, "ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืฉืื ืื™ ืคืขื ืื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืงืฉื”,
14:16
that you would come, if alive."
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ืฉืชื’ื™ืข, ืื ืืชื” ื—ื™."
14:20
And having that kind of relationship, for me,
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ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื›ืืœื”, ืขื‘ื•ืจื™,
14:22
turned out to be critical at many points in my career.
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ื”ื™ื• ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ืฉืœื™.
14:25
And I learned that you have to give that
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ื•ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืฉืืชื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืชืช ืืช ื–ื”
14:27
in this environment,
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ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื–ืืช,
14:29
because it's tough.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื–ื” ืงืฉื”.
14:32
That was my journey.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžืกืข ืฉืœื™.
14:34
I hope it's not over.
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ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ื ื’ืžืจ.
14:36
I came to believe
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ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ
14:38
that a leader isn't good because they're right;
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ืฉืžื ื”ื™ื’ ื”ื•ื ืœื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืฆื•ื“ืง,
14:40
they're good because they're willing to learn and to trust.
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ื”ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื•ืœื‘ื˜ื•ื—.
14:45
This isn't easy stuff.
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ื–ื” ืœื ื“ื‘ืจ ืงืœ.
14:48
It's not like that electronic abs machine
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ื–ื” ืœื ื›ืžื• ืžื›ื•ื ืช ืฉืจื™ืจื™ ื‘ื˜ืŸ ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ืช
14:50
where, 15 minutes a month, you get washboard abs.
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ืฉื ื•ืชื ืช, ื‘-15 ื“ืงื•ืช ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉ, ืฉืจื™ืจื™ ื‘ื˜ืŸ ื—ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื.
14:52
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
14:54
And it isn't always fair.
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื•ื’ืŸ.
14:57
You can get knocked down,
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ืืชื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื™ืคื•ืœ,
15:00
and it hurts
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ื•ื–ื” ื›ื•ืื‘
15:02
and it leaves scars.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืฉืื™ืจ ืฆืœืงื•ืช.
15:05
But if you're a leader,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืืชื” ืžื ื”ื™ื’,
15:07
the people you've counted on
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ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืกืžื›ืช ืขืœื™ื”ื
15:10
will help you up.
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ื™ืขื–ืจื• ืœืš ืœืงื•ื.
15:12
And if you're a leader,
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ื•ืื ืืชื” ืžื ื”ื™ื’,
15:15
the people who count on you need you on your feet.
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ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืกื•ืžื›ื™ื ืขืœื™ืš ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืื•ืชืš ืขืœ ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื.
15:18
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
15:20
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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