Stanley McChrystal: Listen, learn ... then lead

689,086 views ใƒป 2011-04-06

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: JY Kang ๊ฒ€ํ† : Bianca Lee
00:15
Ten years ago, on a Tuesday morning,
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10 ๋…„์ „, ํ™”์š”์ผ ์•„์นจ์—,
00:18
I conducted a parachute jump at Fort Bragg, North Carolina.
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์ „ ๋…ธ์Šค ์บ๋กค๋ผ์ด๋‚˜์˜ ํฌํŠธ ๋ธŒ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๊ธฐ์ง€์—์„œ ๋‚™ํ•˜์‚ฐ ์ ํ”„ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:21
It was a routine training jump, like many more I'd done
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27๋…„์ „์— ๋‚™ํ•˜์‚ฐ๋ณ‘์ด ๋œ ์ดํ›„์— ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ด ํ•ด์™”๋˜
00:24
since I became a paratrooper
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์ผ์ƒ์ ์ธ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:26
27 years before.
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์ผ์ƒ์ ์ธ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:28
We went down to the airfield early
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„์นจ ์ผ์ฐ ๋น„ํ–‰์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
because this is the Army and you always go early.
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๊ตฐ๋Œ€์—์„œ๋Š” ๋Š˜ ์ผ์ฐ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
00:33
You do some routine refresher training,
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ชธํ’€๊ธฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
00:36
and then you go to put on your parachute and a buddy helps you.
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๊ทธ ํ›„์— ๋™๋ฃŒ์˜ ๋„์›€์„ ๋ฐ›์•„์„œ ๋‚™ํ•˜์‚ฐ์„ ์ž…์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:39
And you put on the T-10 parachute.
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T10 ๋‚™ํ•˜์‚ฐ์„ ์ฐฉ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ ,
00:41
And you're very careful how you put the straps,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งค์šฐ ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์•ˆ์ „๋ ๋ฅผ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜์ฃ .
00:43
particularly the leg straps because they go between your legs.
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๋‹ค๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‚˜๋Š” ์•ˆ์ „๋ ๋Š” ํŠนํžˆ ์‹ ์ค‘์„ ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:45
And then you put on your reserve, and then you put on your heavy rucksack.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ณด์กฐ๋‚™ํ•˜์‚ฐ์„ ์ž…๊ณ , ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌด๊ฑฐ์šด ๋ฐฐ๋‚ญ์„ ๋ฉ”์ฃ .
00:48
And then a jumpmaster comes,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋‚™ํ•˜์ง€ํœ˜๊ด€์ด ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ค๋Š”๋ฐ์š”
00:50
and he's an experienced NCO in parachute operations.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‚™ํ•˜ ์ž‘์ „์— ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ๋งŽ์€ ํ•˜์‚ฌ๊ด€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:53
He checks you out, he grabs your adjusting straps
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์žฅ๋น„๋ฅผ ์ ๊ฒ€ํ•˜๊ณ , ์กฐ์ • ๋ˆ์„ ์žก์•„๋‹น๊ธฐ๋ฉฐ
00:56
and he tightens everything
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๋ชจ๋“  ์žฅ๋น„๋ฅผ ๋‹จ๋‹จํžˆ ์กฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:58
so that your chest is crushed,
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๊ฐ€์Šด์ด ์ง“๋ˆŒ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
01:00
your shoulders are crushed down,
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์–ด๊นจ๊ฐ€ ์œผ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์งˆ ์ •๋„์ฃ .
01:02
and, of course, he's tightened so your voice goes up a couple octaves as well.
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋‹จ๋‹จํžˆ ์กฐ์ด๋Š”์ง€ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ช‡ ์˜ฅํƒ€๋ธŒ๋Š” ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐˆ ์ •๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:07
Then you sit down, and you wait a little while,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ์•‰์•„์„œ, ์ž ์‹œ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:09
because this is the Army.
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๊ตฐ๋Œ€๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
01:11
Then you load the aircraft, and then you stand up and you get on,
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ์— ์˜ฌ๋ผํƒ€์ฃ . ์ž๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜ ์˜ฌ๋ผํƒ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:14
and you kind of lumber to the aircraft like this, in a line of people,
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ํ•œ์ค„๋กœ ์„œ์„œ ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์„ ๋Œ๋ฉฐ ๋Š๋ฆฟ๋Š๋ฆฟ ๊ฑธ์–ด๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:17
and you sit down on canvas seats on either side of the aircraft.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ ์–‘์ชฝ์˜ ๊ธด ๋ณต๋„์˜์ž์— ์•‰์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
And you wait a little bit longer,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ข€ ๋” ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:21
because this is the Air Force teaching the Army how to wait.
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๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ๊ตฐ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ณต๊ตฐ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:26
Then you take off.
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฅ™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:28
And it's painful enough now --
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๊ทธ ๋•Œ๋Š” ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๊ณ ํ†ต์Šค๋Ÿฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. --
01:30
and I think it's designed this way --
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์›๋ž˜ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์˜๋„๋œ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ๋„ ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค --
01:32
it's painful enough so you want to jump.
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ณ ํ†ต์Šค๋Ÿฌ์›Œ์„œ ๋›ฐ์–ด ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ์ •๋„์ฃ .
01:34
You didn't really want to jump, but you want out.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
So you get in the aircraft, you're flying along,
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์•„๋ฌดํŠผ ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ์— ์˜ฌ๋ผ ํƒ€์„œ ๋‚ ์•„ ์˜ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:39
and at 20 minutes out, these jumpmasters start giving you commands.
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20๋ถ„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด, ๋‚™ํ•˜์ง€ํœ˜๊ด€์ด ๋ช…๋ น์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:41
They give 20 minutes -- that's a time warning.
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์ง€ํœ˜๊ด€์ด '20๋ถ„' ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์˜ˆ๊ณ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
01:43
You sit there, OK.
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์•„์ง์€ ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ์•‰์•„ ์žˆ์–ด๋„ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:45
Then they give you 10 minutes.
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๊ทธ ํ›„์— ์ง€ํœ˜๊ด€์ด '10๋ถ„' ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ฃ .
01:47
And of course, you're responding with all of these.
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ง์„ ๋ณต์ฐฝํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:49
And that's to boost everybody's confidence, to show that you're not scared.
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๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์„ ๋ถˆ์–ด๋„ฃ๊ณ , ๋‘๋ ต์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
01:52
Then they give you, "Get ready."
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์— ์ง€ํœ˜๊ด€์ด '์ค€๋น„' ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
Then they go, "Outboard personnel, stand up."
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  '๋‚™ํ•˜๋ถ€๋Œ€์›, ๊ธฐ๋ฆฝ.' ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ฃ .
01:57
If you're an outboard personnel, now you stand up.
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์ด์ œ ๋‚™ํ•˜ ๋ถ€๋Œ€์›๋“ค์ด ์ž๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:00
If you're an inboard personnel, stand up.
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ํƒ‘์Šน๋Œ€์›๋“ค๋„ "๊ธฐ๋ฆฝ" ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณต์ฐฝํ•˜์ฃ .
02:02
And then you hook up, and you hook up your static line.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฑธ์ฃ . ๋‚™ํ•˜์‚ฐ ์—ด๋ฆผ์ค„์„ ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์— ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
And at that point, you think, "Hey, guess what?
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๋•Œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋“ค์ฃ . "์ž. ์•Œ๊ฒ ์ง€.
02:07
I'm probably going to jump.
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์ด์ œ ๋‚™ํ•˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์•ผ.
02:09
There's no way to get out of this at this point."
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์ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์—†์–ด"
02:11
You go through some additional checks, and then they open the door.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ ๊ฒ€์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ฉด, ์ง€ํœ˜๊ด€์ด ๋ฌธ์„ ์—ฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:14
And this was that Tuesday morning in September,
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9์›”์˜ ํ™”์š”์ผ ์•„์นจ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ 
02:17
and it was pretty nice outside.
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๋ฐ”๊นฅ ๋‚ ์”จ๋Š” ๋ฌด์ฒ™ ์ข‹์•˜์ฃ .
02:19
So nice air comes flowing in.
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์‹ ์„ ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆ์–ด ๋“ค์–ด์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:22
The jumpmasters start to check the door.
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๋‚™ํ•˜์ง€ํœ˜๊ด€์ด ๋ฌธ์„ ์ ๊ฒ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:24
And then when it's time to go,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚™ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋˜๋ฉด,
02:26
a green light goes and the jumpmaster goes, "Go."
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๋…น์ƒ‰ ๋ถˆ์ด ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๊ณ , ์ง€ํœ˜๊ด€์ด ๋ช…๋ นํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋‚™ํ•˜."
02:28
The first guy goes, and you're just in line,
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ๋‹ค๋“ค ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
02:30
and you just kind of lumber to the door.
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๋ฌธ ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ์ด๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:32
Jump is a misnomer; you fall.
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๋‚™ํ•˜์ ํ”„๋Š” ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
02:34
You fall outside the door,
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋ฌธ ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ์„œ
02:36
you're caught in the slipstream.
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๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ ํ›„๋ฅ˜์— ํœฉ์“ธ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:38
The first thing you do is lock into a tight body position --
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์ œ์ผ ๋จผ์ € ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์€ ์ž์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋‹จ๋‹จํžˆ ๊ณ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:41
head down in your chest, your arms extended,
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๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์Šด์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ™์ด๊ณ , ํŒ”์„ ํŽด์„œ
02:43
put over your reserve parachute.
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๋ณด์กฐ ๋‚™ํ•˜์‚ฐ์„ ์žก์•„์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
02:46
You do that because, 27 years before,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š”, 27๋…„ ์ „์—
02:49
an airborne sergeant had taught me to do that.
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๊ณต์ˆ˜๋ถ€๋Œ€ ๋ณ‘์žฅ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฐ์› ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:52
I have no idea whether it makes any difference,
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์ „ ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์–ด์š”.
02:54
but he seemed to make sense,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ ๊ฐ™์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:56
and I wasn't going to test the hypothesis that he'd be wrong.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ์˜ ์ด๋ก ์ด ํ‹€๋ ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•ด ๋ณด๋ ค๊ณ ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ฃ .
03:00
And then you wait for the opening shock
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ, ๋‚™ํ•˜์‚ฐ์ด ์—ด๋ฆด ๋•Œ์˜ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์„ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:02
for your parachute to open.
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ, ๋‚™ํ•˜์‚ฐ์ด ์—ด๋ฆด ๋•Œ์˜ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์„ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:04
If you don't get an opening shock, you don't get a parachute --
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์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ด ์˜ค์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋‚™ํ•˜์‚ฐ์ด ํŽด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์€๊ฑฐ์ฃ  -
03:06
you've got a whole new problem set.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฌธ์ œ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋งž๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
But typically you do; typically it opens.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ณดํ†ต์€ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ด ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๊ฐœ๋Š” ๋‚™ํ•˜์‚ฐ์ด ํŽด์ง€์ฃ .
03:12
And of course, if your leg straps aren't set right,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ๋ก , ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ ์•ˆ์ „๋ ๊ฐ€ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ณ ์ •๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด
03:15
at that point you get another little thrill.
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์Šค๋ฆด์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:17
Boom.
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์ฟต.
03:19
So then you look around,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฃผ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ๋ณด๊ณ 
03:21
you're under a canopy and you say, "This is good."
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๋‚™ํ•˜์‚ฐ ์•„๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉฐ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜์ฃ . "๊ดœ์ฐฎ๋„ค"
03:23
Now you prepare for the inevitable.
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์ด์ œ ํ•„์—ฐ์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์ค€๋น„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:25
You are going to hit the ground.
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๋•…์— ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
03:27
You can't delay that much.
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๋‚™ํ•˜์†๋„๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ๋Šฆ์ถœ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:29
And you really can't decide where you hit very much,
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์–ด๋””๋กœ ๋‚™ํ•˜ํ•  ์ง€ ๋ง˜๋Œ€๋กœ ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†์ฃ .
03:31
because they pretend you can steer,
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๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ์กฐ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ ๊ฐ™์ง€๋งŒ
03:33
but you're being delivered.
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋‚™ํ•˜์‚ฐ์— ์‹ค๋ ค๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
So you look around, where you're going to land,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ฐฉ๋ฅ™ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ์žฅ์†Œ ์ฃผ์œ„๋ฅผ ์‚ดํ”ผ๋ฉฐ
03:38
you try to make yourself ready.
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๋งˆ์Œ์˜ ์ค€๋น„๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:40
And then as you get close, you lower your rucksack below you on a lowering line,
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์ง€์ƒ์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์›Œ ์งˆ ๋•Œ, ๋ฐฐ๋‚ญ์„ ๋ชธ ์•„๋ž˜ ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋Š˜์–ด์ง€๋„๋ก ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:43
so that it's not on you when you land,
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์ฐฉ๋ฅ™ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ฉ”๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
03:45
and you prepare to do a parachute-landing fall.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€์ƒ์— ์ฐฉ๋ฅ™ํ•  ์ค€๋น„๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:47
Now the Army teaches you
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๊ตฐ๋Œ€์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฐฉ๋ฅ™์‹œ์— ๋‹ค์„ฏ๊ฐ€์ง€
03:49
to do five points of performance --
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์‹ ์ฒด๋ถ€์œ„๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜์ฃ .
03:51
the toes of your feet,
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๋ฐœ๊ฐ€๋ฝ,
03:53
your calves, your thighs,
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์ข…์•„๋ฆฌ, ํ—ˆ๋ฒ…์ง€,
03:55
your buttocks and your push-up muscles.
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์—‰๋ฉ์ด์™€ ๋“ฑ๊ทผ์œก์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:58
It's this elegant little land, twist and roll.
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๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ, ๋ชธ์„ ํ‹€๊ณ  ๊ตด๋Ÿฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:01
And that's not going to hurt.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์•ผ ๋‹ค์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์ฃ .
04:03
In 30-some years of jumping, I never did one.
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30์—ฌ๋…„๊ฐ„ ๋‚™ํ•˜๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ํ•œ๋ฒˆ๋„ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•œ ์ ์€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:06
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
04:08
I always landed like a watermelon out of a third floor window.
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์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ 3์ธต ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๋˜์ ธ์ง„ ์ˆ˜๋ฐ•์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ฐฉ๋ฅ™ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
04:11
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
04:13
And as soon as I hit,
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์ฐฉ๋ฅ™ํ•˜์ž๋งˆ์ž ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ์ผ์€
04:15
the first thing I did is I'd see if I'd broken anything that I needed.
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๋ผˆ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€๋Ÿฌ์ง„ ๊ณณ์€ ์—†๋Š” ์ง€ ์‚ดํ”ผ๋Š” ์ผ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:19
I'd shake my head,
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๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์ €์œผ๋ฉฐ
04:21
and I'd ask myself the eternal question:
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์Šค์Šค๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ๋Š˜ ๊ฐ™์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋˜์กŒ์ฃ .
04:24
"Why didn't I go into banking?"
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"์™œ ์€ํ–‰์— ์ทจ์งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€๊ฑฐ์•ผ?.."
04:26
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
04:28
And I'd look around,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฃผ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ๋ณด๊ณ ,
04:30
and then I'd see another paratrooper,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚™ํ•˜์‚ฐ๋ณ‘๋“ค์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:32
a young guy or girl,
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์ Š์€ ๋‚จ์„ฑ ํ˜น์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
04:34
and they'd have pulled out their M4 carbine
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์ž์‹ ์˜ M4 ์นด๋นˆ์†Œ์ด์„ ๋Œ์–ด ๋‹น๊ธฐ๋ฉฐ
04:36
and they'd be picking up their equipment.
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์žฅ๋น„๋“ค์„ ์ฑ™๊ธฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
04:38
They'd be doing everything
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๊ทธ ๋ณ‘์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„
04:40
that we had taught them.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์นœ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์‹ค์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
And I realized
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ „ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:44
that, if they had to go into combat,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ „ํˆฌ์— ์ฐธ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด
04:47
they would do what we had taught them and they would follow leaders.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์นœ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ง€ํœ˜๊ด€์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฆฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
04:50
And I realized that, if they came out of combat,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณ‘์‚ฌ๋“ค์„ ์ž˜ ์ด๋ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
04:53
it would be because we led them well.
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์ „ํˆฌ์—์„œ ๋ฌด์‚ฌํžˆ ๋Œ์•„์˜ค๋ฆฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:55
And I was hooked again on the importance of what I did.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚ด ์—ญํ• ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ์ƒˆ์‚ผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋Š๋ผ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
04:59
So now I do that Tuesday morning jump,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง€๊ธˆ ํ™”์š”์ผ ์•„์นจ ๋‚™ํ•˜ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ง€๋งŒ,
05:01
but it's not any jump --
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚™ํ•˜ํ›ˆ๋ จ ๋•Œ์™€๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:03
that was September 11th, 2001.
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๊ทธ๋‚ ์€ 2001๋…„ 9์›” 11์ผ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (9/11 ์‚ฌํƒœ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ผ)
05:07
And when we took off from the airfield, America was at peace.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋น„ํ–‰์žฅ์„ ์ด๋ฅ™ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ํ‰ํ™”๋กœ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:10
When we landed on the drop-zone, everything had changed.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚™ํ•˜์œ„์น˜์— ์ฐฉ๋ฅ™ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ ธ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
05:14
And what we thought
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ Š์€ ๋ณ‘์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด
05:16
about the possibility of those young soldiers going into combat
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์ „ํˆฌ์— ์ฐธ๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:18
as being theoretical
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๊ฐ€์ƒ์˜ ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ
05:20
was now very, very real --
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ์‹ค์ œ์˜ ์ „ํˆฌ๋ง์ด์ฃ  --
05:22
and leadership seemed important.
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๋ฆฌ๋”์‰ฝ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋•Œ๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:24
But things had changed;
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”๋์ฃ  --
05:26
I was a 46-year-old brigadier general.
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์ €๋Š” 46 ์„ธ์˜ ์œก๊ตฐ ์ค€์žฅ์ด ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:28
I'd been successful,
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์ „ ๊ตฐ์ƒํ™œ์„ ์ž˜ ํ•ด์™”์ง€๋งŒ
05:30
but things changed so much
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์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:33
that I was going to have to make some significant changes,
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์ € ์—ญ์‹œ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™€์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:35
and on that morning, I didn't know it.
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๊ทธ ๋‚  ์•„์นจ, ์ „ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๊นจ๋‹ซ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:38
I was raised with traditional stories of leadership:
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์ „ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ๋ฆฌ๋”์‰ฝ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋ฉฐ ์ž๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค :
05:41
Robert E. Lee, John Buford at Gettysburg.
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์ผ€ํ‹ฐ์Šค๋ฒ„๊ทธ ์ „ํˆฌ์˜ ๋กœ๋ฒ„ํŠธ ๋ฆฌ, ์กด ๋ทฐํฌ๋“œ์˜ ์ผํ™”๋ง์ด์ฃ .
05:44
And I also was raised
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ
05:46
with personal examples of leadership.
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๋ฆฌ๋”์‰ฝ์˜ ํ‘œ๋ณธ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์„ฑ์žฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:49
This was my father in Vietnam.
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๋ฒ ํŠธ๋‚จ์ „์— ์ฐธ์ „ํ•œ ์ €ํฌ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:52
And I was raised to believe
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์ „ ๊ตฐ์ธ์€ ๊ฐ•์ธํ•˜๊ณ , ํ˜„๋ช…ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
05:54
that soldiers were strong and wise
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์šฉ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ , ์‹ ๋…์— ์ฐจ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ 
05:56
and brave and faithful;
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๋ฏฟ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ž๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:58
they didn't lie, cheat, steal
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๊ตฐ์ธ์€ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋งํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์†์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ํ›”์น˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
06:00
or abandon their comrades.
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์ƒ๊ด€์— ๋ถˆ๋ณตํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์—ˆ์ฃ .
06:02
And I still believe real leaders are like that.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ์ง€๋„์ž๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ž˜์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•„์ง๋„ ๋ฏฟ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:09
But in my first 25 years of career,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ฒซ 25 ๋…„์˜ ๊ตฐ์ƒํ™œ ๋™์•ˆ,
06:11
I had a bunch of different experiences.
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์ „ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒฝํ—˜๋“ค์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:14
One of my first battalion commanders,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ์‹œ๋˜ ๋Œ€๋Œ€์žฅ ํ•œ ๋ถ„์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
06:16
I worked in his battalion for 18 months
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๊ทธ์˜ ๋Œ€๋Œ€์—์„œ ๊ทผ๋ฌดํ•œ 18๊ฐœ์›” ๋™์•ˆ
06:18
and the only conversation he ever had with Lt. McChrystal
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋งฅํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šคํƒˆ ์ค‘์œ„์™€ ๋‚˜๋ˆˆ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ผ๊ณ ๋Š”
06:22
was at mile 18 of a 25-mile road march,
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25๋งˆ์ผ ํ–‰๊ตฐ์—์„œ 18๋งˆ์ผ ์ •๋„ ์ง€๋‚ฌ์„ ๋•Œ
06:25
and he chewed my ass for about 40 seconds.
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์•ฝ 40 ์ดˆ ๋™์•ˆ ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์•ผ๋‹จ์นœ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ „๋ถ€์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:27
And I'm not sure that was real interaction.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ ˆ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
06:30
But then a couple of years later, when I was a company commander,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ช‡ ๋…„ํ›„, ์ €๋Š” ๊ตญ๋ฆฝํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ๋กœ ์ „์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
06:33
I went out to the National Training Center.
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์ค‘๋Œ€์žฅ์„ ๋งก๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:35
And we did an operation,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž‘์ „ํ›ˆ๋ จ์—์„œ
06:37
and my company did a dawn attack --
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์ €ํฌ ์ค‘๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์ƒˆ๋ฒฝ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์„ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ–ˆ์ฃ  --
06:39
you know, the classic dawn attack:
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๋‹ค๋“ค ์•„์‹œ๋Š” ์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ์ƒˆ๋ฒฝ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค :
06:41
you prepare all night, move to the line of departure.
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๋ฐค์ƒˆ ๊ตฐ์žฅ์„ ๊พธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ๊ณต๊ฒฉ๊ฐœ์‹œ์„ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
06:43
And I had an armored organization at that point.
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์ „ ๊ทธ ์œ„์น˜์—์„œ ๋ถ€๋Œ€์›๋“ค์„ ๋ฌด์žฅ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:45
We move forward, and we get wiped out --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์ง„ํ–ˆ๊ณ , ์ „๋ฉธํ–ˆ์ฃ .
06:47
I mean, wiped out immediately.
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๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด, ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ „๋ฉธ๋‹นํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:49
The enemy didn't break a sweat doing it.
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์ ๊ตฐ์€ ๋ณ„๋กœ ํž˜๋“ค์ด์ง€๋„ ์•Š์•˜์ฃ .
06:52
And after the battle,
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์ „ํˆฌํ›ˆ๋ จ์ด ๋๋‚œ ํ›„์—,
06:54
they bring this mobile theater and they do what they call an "after action review"
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์ด๋™์‹ ๊ทน์žฅ์„ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅธ๋ฐ” "์ž‘์ „ํ›„ ํ‰๊ฐ€(AAR)" ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:57
to teach you what you've done wrong.
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๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์ž˜๋ชป๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
06:59
Sort of leadership by humiliation.
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์ผ์ข…์˜ ๊ตด์š•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฆฌ๋”์‰ฝ์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:01
They put a big screen up, and they take you through everything:
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์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ํ™”๋ฉด์„ ๋†“๊ณ , ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:03
"and then you didn't do this, and you didn't do this, etc."
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"์ด๊ฑธ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ . ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ .. ๋“ฑ๋“ฑ"
07:06
I walked out feeling as low
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์ „ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ์ƒํ•œ ์ฑ„๋กœ
07:08
as a snake's belly in a wagon rut.
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๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑธ์–ด๋‚˜์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:10
And I saw my battalion commander, because I had let him down.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €ํฌ ๋Œ€๋Œ€์žฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ € ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‹ค๋งํ–ˆ์„ ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
07:13
And I went up to apologize to him,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ๊ณผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:15
and he said, "Stanley, I thought you did great."
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ  "์Šคํƒ ๋ฆฌ, ๋‚ด ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ์ž๋„ค๋Š” ์ตœ์„ ์„ ๋‹ค ํ–ˆ์–ด"
07:18
And in one sentence,
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๊ทธ ๋ง ํ•œ ๋งˆ๋””๋กœ,
07:20
he lifted me, put me back on my feet,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ €์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ๋‹์šฐ๊ณ , ๊ธฐ์šด์„ ๋˜์ฐพ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:23
and taught me that leaders can let you fail
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฆฌ๋”๋Š” ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ฅผ ์‹คํŒจํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
07:26
and yet not let you be a failure.
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์‹คํŒจํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ์ฃผ์—ˆ์ฃ .
07:31
When 9/11 came,
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9/11์‚ฌํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์„ ๋•Œ,
07:33
46-year-old Brig. Gen. McChrystal sees a whole new world.
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46์„ธ์˜ ์œก๊ตฐ์ค€์žฅ ๋งฅํฌ๋ฆฌํƒˆ์€ ์ „ํ˜€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:37
First, the things that are obvious, that you're familiar with:
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๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„, ๋‹น์—ฐํ•˜๊ณ ๋„ ์นœ์ˆ™ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค :
07:40
the environment changed --
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๋ชจ๋“  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ๋ฐ”๋€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค -
07:42
the speed, the scrutiny,
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์†๋„, ์กฐ์‚ฌ,
07:44
the sensitivity of everything now is so fast,
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐ๊ฐ์ด ์ด์ œ๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋„ ๋นจ๋ผ ์กŒ๊ณ ,
07:46
sometimes it evolves faster
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๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ์— ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ์ „์—
07:48
than people have time to really reflect on it.
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์žฌ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ง„์ „๋˜์–ด ๋ฒ„๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:50
But everything we do
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์€
07:52
is in a different context.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:55
More importantly, the force that I led
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๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋„๋Š” ๋ถ€๋Œ€์›๋“ค์ด
07:57
was spread over more than 20 countries.
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20 ์—ฌ๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์— ํฉ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
08:00
And instead of being able to get all the key leaders
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ฃผ์š” ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค์ด ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์— ๋ชจ์—ฌ์„œ
08:02
for a decision together in a single room
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ํŒ๋‹จ์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ ์—,
08:04
and look them in the eye and build their confidence
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฃผํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์„ ๋ถˆ์–ด๋„ฃ๊ณ 
08:06
and get trust from them,
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์‹ ๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ์Œ“๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ ์—,
08:08
I'm now leading a force that's dispersed,
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ €๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ
08:11
and I've got to use other techniques.
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ํฉ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ณ‘๋ ฅ์„ ์ด๋Œ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:14
I've got to use video teleconferences, I've got to use chat,
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ํ™”์ƒํšŒ์˜๋‚˜ ์ฑ„ํŒ…์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
08:17
I've got to use email, I've got to use phone calls --
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์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์ด๋‚˜ ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:19
I've got to use everything I can,
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๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ํ†ต์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
08:22
not just for communication,
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๋ฆฌ๋”์‰ฝ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์„
08:24
but for leadership.
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์ด์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:26
A 22-year-old individual
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์ˆ˜์ฒœ๋งˆ์ผ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๊ณณ์—์„œ
08:28
operating alone,
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ํ˜ผ์ž ์ž‘์ „์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š”
08:30
thousands of miles from me,
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22์„ธ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ณ‘์ด
08:32
has got to communicate to me with confidence.
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์ €๋ฅผ ๋ฏฟ๊ณ  ์ €์™€ ์†Œํ†ตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:35
I have to have trust in them and vice versa.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋ฏฟ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋“ค๋„ ์ €๋ฅผ ๋ฏฟ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
08:38
And I also have to build their faith.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ € ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์„ ์‹ฌ์–ด์ค˜์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:41
And that's a new kind of leadership
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฆฌ๋”์‰ฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:43
for me.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฆฌ๋”์‰ฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:45
We had one operation
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์žฅ์†Œ์˜ ๋ณ‘๋ ฅ์„
08:47
where we had to coordinate it from multiple locations.
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์กฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž‘์ „์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:49
An emerging opportunity came --
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๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด
08:51
didn't have time to get everybody together.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋ณ‘๋ ฅ์„ ์ง‘๊ฒฐ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์—†์—ˆ์ฃ .
08:54
So we had to get complex intelligence together,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ํ•œ๋ฐ ๋ชจ์•„์•ผ ํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
08:57
we had to line up the ability to act.
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์ž‘์ „ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฐฐ์น˜์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:59
It was sensitive, we had to go up the chain of command,
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์‹ ์ค‘์„ ์š”ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž‘์ „์ด๋ผ, ์ง€ํœ˜๊ณ„ํ†ต์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋ฉฐ
09:02
convince them that this was the right thing to do
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๋‹น์œ„์„ฑ์„ ๋‚ฉ๋“์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:04
and do all of this
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณผ์ •์€
09:06
on electronic medium.
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์ „์ž๋งค์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ์ฃ .
09:09
We failed.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹คํŒจํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:12
The mission didn't work.
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๊ทธ ์ž„๋ฌด๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:14
And so now what we had to do
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ ๋•Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์€
09:16
is I had to reach out
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๋ถ€๋Œ€๋ณ‘๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ ‘์ด‰ํ•ด์„œ
09:18
to try to rebuild the trust of that force,
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์‹ ๋ขฐ๊ฐ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ผ์œผ์ผœ ์„ธ์šฐ๊ณ ,
09:20
rebuild their confidence --
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๋ฏฟ์Œ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ถˆ์–ด๋„ฃ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค --
09:22
me and them, and them and me,
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๋‚˜์™€ ๊ทธ๋“ค, ๊ทธ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋‚˜,
09:24
and our seniors and us as a force --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ณผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:27
all without the ability to put a hand on a shoulder.
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์ง์ ‘ ์ ‘์ด‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์ง€๋งŒ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
09:30
Entirely new requirement.
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:34
Also, the people had changed.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋„ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:37
You probably think that the force that I led
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋„๋Š” ๋ถ€๋Œ€์›๋“ค์„
09:39
was all steely-eyed commandos with big knuckle fists
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์‹ ํ˜•๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ฃผ๋จน๋„ ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ๋ƒ‰ํ˜นํ•œ ํŠน๊ณต๋Œ€์›์œผ๋กœ
09:42
carrying exotic weapons.
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ค ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:45
In reality,
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š”,
09:47
much of the force I led
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋„๋Š” ๋ณ‘๋ ฅ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€
09:49
looked exactly like you.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ณผ ๋˜‘ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:52
It was men, women, young, old --
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๋‚จ์„ฑ, ์—ฌ์„ฑ, ์ฒญ๋…„์ธต, ๋…ธ๋…„์ธต --
09:55
not just from military; from different organizations,
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๊ตฐ๋Œ€ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์กฐ์ง์—์„œ ํŒŒ๊ฒฌ ์˜จ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
09:58
many of them detailed to us just from a handshake.
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์•…์ˆ˜ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ถ€๋Œ€๋กœ ํŒŒ๊ฒฌ๋œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:01
And so instead of giving orders,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ช…๋ น์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ ์—
10:03
you're now building consensus
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์ด์ œ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:05
and you're building a sense of shared purpose.
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๊ณตํ†ต์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์˜์‹์„ ๊ฐ–๋„๋ก ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
10:09
Probably the biggest change
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์•„๋งˆ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š”
10:11
was understanding that the generational difference,
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๊ทธ ์„ธ๋Œ€ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:14
the ages, had changed so much.
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์—ฐ๋ น๋Œ€์— ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
10:17
I went down to be with a Ranger platoon
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์ €๋Š” ์•„ํ”„๊ฐ€๋‹ˆ์Šคํƒ„ ์ž‘์ „์—์„œ
10:20
on an operation in Afghanistan,
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ํŠน์ „์‚ฌ ๋ถ€๋Œ€์— ์ฐธ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:22
and on that operation,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ž‘์ „์—์„œ
10:24
a sergeant in the platoon
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์†Œ๋Œ€์˜ ํ•˜์‚ฌ ํ•œ ๋ช…์ด
10:26
had lost about half his arm
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ํŒ”์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์„ ์žƒ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:28
throwing a Taliban hand grenade
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ถ€๋Œ€ ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„
10:30
back at the enemy
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ํŒ”๋ ˆ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฅ˜ํƒ„์„
10:32
after it had landed in his fire team.
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์ ์ง„์œผ๋กœ ๋˜๋˜์ง€๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
10:36
We talked about the operation,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ž‘์ „์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ ,
10:38
and then at the end I did what I often do with a force like that.
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์„ค๋ช…์ด ๋๋‚  ๋•Œ, ๋ณ‘์‚ฌ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋˜์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:41
I asked, "Where were you on 9/11?"
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"9/11์‚ฌํƒœ ๋•Œ, ์ž๋„ค ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‚˜?"
10:45
And one young Ranger in the back --
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ž ๋’ค์— ์žˆ๋˜ ์ Š์€ ๋ถ€๋Œ€์›์ด
10:47
his hair's tousled and his face is red and windblown
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์•„ํ”„๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ๊ฐ€์šด ๋ฐ”๋žŒ๊ณผ ์ „ํˆฌ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด
10:49
from being in combat in the cold Afghan wind --
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๋จธ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ—ํด์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์–ผ๊ตด์ด ๋ถ‰๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ์„๋ฆฐ ์ฑ„๋กœ
10:53
he said, "Sir, I was in the sixth grade."
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์ „ 6ํ•™๋…„์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"
10:57
And it reminded me
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๊ทธ์˜ ๋ง์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:00
that we're operating a force
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฐ๋ณ‘๋ ฅ์€
11:02
that must have shared purpose
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๊ณตํ†ต์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ 
11:04
and shared consciousness,
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๊ฐ™์€ ์˜์‹์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„์š”.
11:06
and yet he has different experiences,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ๋ณ‘์‚ฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ํ•ด์™”๊ณ ,
11:08
in many cases a different vocabulary,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด๋„ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ณ ,
11:11
a completely different skill set
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๊ธฐ๋Ÿ‰๋„ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:13
in terms of digital media
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๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š”
11:16
than I do and many of the other senior leaders.
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์ €์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณ ์œ„์ง€ํœ˜๊ด€๋“ค์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์›”๋“ฑํ•˜์ฃ .
11:20
And yet, we need to have that shared sense.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜์‹์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:25
It also produced something
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์—ญ์ „๋‹ฌ์„
11:27
which I call an inversion of expertise,
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๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:29
because we had so many changes at the lower levels
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ์ „๋žต ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ
11:32
in technology and tactics and whatnot,
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
11:34
that suddenly the things that we grew up doing
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊ป ํ•ด์™”๋˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ผ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ
11:37
wasn't what the force was doing anymore.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์˜ ๊ตฐ๋Œ€์—์„œ๋Š” ๋”์ด์ƒ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ๋ฒ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:40
So how does a leader
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด
11:42
stay credible and legitimate
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๊ทธ ์ „์—๋Š” ํ•ด๋ณธ์ ๋„ ์—†๋Š” ์ƒ์†Œํ•œ ์ผ์ผ ๋•Œ,
11:44
when they haven't done
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์ง€๋„์ž๋กœ์„œ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋ฐ›๊ณ 
11:46
what the people you're leading are doing?
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์ •๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
11:49
And it's a brand new leadership challenge.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฆฌ๋”์‰ฝ์ด ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๋„์ „ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:51
And it forced me to become a lot more transparent,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Š” ์ €๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ๋” ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ ,
11:54
a lot more willing to listen,
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์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ฃ์œผ๋ ค ํ•˜๊ณ ,
11:56
a lot more willing to be reverse-mentored from lower.
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์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ์•„๋žซ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:01
And yet, again, you're not all in one room.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹คํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ์˜์‹์˜ ๊ณต์œ ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:05
Then another thing.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:07
There's an effect on you and on your leaders.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋ฆฌ๋” ์‚ฌ์ด์— ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:09
There's an impact, it's cumulative.
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์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ˆ„์ ๋˜์–ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ฃ .
12:12
You don't reset, or recharge your battery every time.
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๋งค๋ฒˆ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์žฌ์ถฉ์ „ํ•  ํ•„์š”๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:16
I stood in front of a screen one night in Iraq
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์ด๋ผํฌ์ „์—์„œ ์–ด๋Š ๋‚  ๋ฐค, ์ €๋Š” ๋ถ€๋Œ€ ์žฅ๊ต์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜
12:18
with one of my senior officers
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ํ™”๋ฉด์„ ๋ณด๋ฉฐ ์„œ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:20
and we watched a firefight from one of our forces.
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ํ™”๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ถ€๋Œ€์›๋“ค์˜ ์ด๊ฒฉ์ „์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
12:22
And I remembered his son was in our force.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ๊ทธ์˜ ์•„๋“ค์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ถ€๋Œ€์›์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:25
And I said, "John, where's your son? And how is he?"
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์ฃ . "์กด, ์•„๋“ค ์ง€๊ธˆ ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ๋‚˜? ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ง€๋‚ด?"
12:28
And he said, "Sir, he's fine. Thanks for asking."
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋„ค. ์ž˜ ์ง€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ด ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ณ ๋ง™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"
12:30
I said, "Where is he now?"
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์•„๋“ค ์ง€๊ธˆ ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ์ง€?"
12:32
And he pointed at the screen, he said, "He's in that firefight."
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ํ™”๋ฉด์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚ค๋ฉฐ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์ € ์ด๊ฒฉ์ „ ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
12:35
Think about watching your brother, father,
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์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ํ˜•์ œ, ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€,
12:38
daughter, son, wife
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๋”ธ, ์•„๋“ค, ์•„๋‚ด๊ฐ€
12:41
in a firefight in real time
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์‹ค์ œ ์ด๊ฒฉ์ „์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์ง€์ผœ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:43
and you can't do anything about it.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์–ด๋–ค ๋„์›€๋„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:45
Think about knowing that over time.
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๋‚˜์ค‘์—์•ผ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
12:47
And it's a new cumulative pressure on leaders.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง€๋„์ž์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์••๋ฐ•์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:49
And you have to watch and take care of each other.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์„œ๋กœ ์ง€์ผœ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋ณด์‚ดํŽด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:54
I probably learned the most about relationships.
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์ €๋Š” ๋ฆฌ๋”์‰ฝ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฐ์› ์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:58
I learned they are the sinew
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์ „ ๊ตฐ๋Œ€๋ณ‘๋ ฅ์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ๋ฌถ๋Š”
13:01
which hold the force together.
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ํž˜์ค„์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ฐฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:03
I grew up much of my career in the Ranger regiment.
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์ €๋Š” ์ œ ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ํŠน์ „์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์ง€๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.ยพ
13:06
And every morning in the Ranger regiment,
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ํŠน์ „์‚ฌ ๋ถ€๋Œ€์—์„œ๋Š” ์•„์นจ๋งˆ๋‹ค
13:08
every Ranger -- and there are more than 2,000 of them --
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๋ชจ๋“  ํŠน์ „์‚ฌ ๋Œ€์› - 2000๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์˜ ํŠน์ „์‚ฌ ๋Œ€์›๋“ค์ด
13:10
says a six-stanza Ranger creed.
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์—ฌ์„ฏ ๊ตฌ์ ˆ์˜ ํŠน์ „์‚ฌ ๋Œ€์›์˜ ์‹ ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณต์ฐฝํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:13
You may know one line of it, it says,
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๊ทธ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์•„์‹ค์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:15
"I'll never leave a fallen comrade to fall into the hands of the enemy."
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"๋‚˜๋Š” ์ ˆ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ „์‚ฌํ•œ ์ „์šฐ๋ฅผ ์ ๊ตฐ์˜ ์†์— ๋‘๊ณ  ๋– ๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค."
13:18
And it's not a mindless mantra,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜๋ฏธ์—†๋Š” ์ฃผ๋ฌธ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:20
and it's not a poem.
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ํ•œํŽธ์˜ ์‹œ๋„ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:22
It's a promise.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์•ฝ์†์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:24
Every Ranger promises every other Ranger,
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๋ชจ๋“  ํŠน์ „์‚ฌ ๋Œ€์›๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋Œ€์›๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์•ฝ์†์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:26
"No matter what happens, no matter what it costs me,
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๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋„, ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋Œ“๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์น˜๋ฅด๋”๋ผ๋„
13:29
if you need me, I'm coming."
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๋‚˜๋ฅผ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋‹ฌ๋ ค๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
13:32
And every Ranger gets that same promise
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๋ชจ๋“  ํŠน์ „์‚ฌ ๋Œ€์›๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋Œ€์›๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
13:34
from every other Ranger.
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๊ฐ™์€ ์•ฝ์†์„ ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:36
Think about it. It's extraordinarily powerful.
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:38
It's probably more powerful than marriage vows.
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์•„๋งˆ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ ์„œ์•ฝ๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ๋” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ• ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:43
And they've lived up to it, which gives it special power.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ ์‹ ๋…์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ์•ฝ์†์— ํž˜์„ ์‹ค์–ด ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:46
And so the organizational relationship that bonds them
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๊ทธ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋ฌถ์–ด ์ฃผ๋Š” ์œ ๊ธฐ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š”
13:50
is just amazing.
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์ •๋ง๋กœ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:52
And I learned personal relationships
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€
13:54
were more important than ever.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ฐฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:56
We were in a difficult operation in Afghanistan in 2007,
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์ €์˜ ์˜ค๋žœ ์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ์ €๋Š” 2007๋…„ ์•„ํ”„๊ฐ€๋‹ˆ์Šคํƒ„์—์„œ
13:59
and an old friend of mine,
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์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ž‘์ „์— ์ฐธ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:01
that I had spent many years
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ œ ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ
14:03
at various points of my career with --
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์ˆ˜ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ง€๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:05
godfather to one of their kids --
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ์นœ๊ตฌ ์•„์ด์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ตฌ์š”.
14:08
he sent me a note, just in an envelope,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋ด‰ํˆฌ์— ๋‹ด๊ธด ์ชฝ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‚จ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:11
that had a quote from Sherman to Grant
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๋‚จ๋ถ์ „์Ÿ์—์„œ ์…”๋จผ ์žฅ๊ตฐ์ด ๊ทธ๋žœํŠธ ์žฅ๊ตฐ์—๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋ง์ด ์ ํ˜€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
14:13
that said, "I knew if I ever got in a tight spot,
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"๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ถ์ง€์— ๋ชฐ๋ ค ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
14:16
that you would come, if alive."
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์ž๋„ค๊ฐ€ ์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‚  ๋„์šฐ๋Ÿฌ ์˜ฌ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๋„ค"
14:20
And having that kind of relationship, for me,
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์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
14:22
turned out to be critical at many points in my career.
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์ œ ๊ตฐ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:25
And I learned that you have to give that
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋ฅผ
14:27
in this environment,
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์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ฐฐ์› ์ฃ 
14:29
because it's tough.
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๋ƒ‰์—„ํ•œ ๊ณณ์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
14:32
That was my journey.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ €์˜ ์ธ์ƒ์—ฌ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:34
I hope it's not over.
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์•„์ง ๊ณ„์† ๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋น•๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:36
I came to believe
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์ด์ œ ์ €๋Š” ๋Š˜ ์˜ณ์•„์•ผ ์ข‹์€ ์ง€๋„์ž์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
14:38
that a leader isn't good because they're right;
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์ด์ œ ์ €๋Š” ๋Š˜ ์˜ณ์•„์•ผ ์ข‹์€ ์ง€๋„์ž์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
14:40
they're good because they're willing to learn and to trust.
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๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์œผ๋ ค ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ์ข‹์€ ์ง€๋„์ž๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:45
This isn't easy stuff.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์‰ฌ์šด ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:48
It's not like that electronic abs machine
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ํ•œ๋‹ฌ์— 15๋ถ„ ์”ฉ๋งŒ ํ•ด๋„ ๋นจ๋ž˜ํŒ ๋ณต๊ทผ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”
14:50
where, 15 minutes a month, you get washboard abs.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ „์ž ๋ณต๊ทผ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
14:52
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
14:54
And it isn't always fair.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋Š˜ ๊ณต์ •ํ•˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:57
You can get knocked down,
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์ขŒ์ ˆํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:00
and it hurts
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๊ทธ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ค์น˜๊ณ ,
15:02
and it leaves scars.
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ํ‰ํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‚จ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
15:05
But if you're a leader,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ง€๋„์ž๋ผ๋ฉด,
15:07
the people you've counted on
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ฏฟ๊ณ  ์˜์ง€ํ•˜๋˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
15:10
will help you up.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ๋„์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:12
And if you're a leader,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ง€๋„์ž๋ผ๋ฉด,
15:15
the people who count on you need you on your feet.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž„๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:18
Thank you.
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๊ณ ๋ง™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:20
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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