Adventures of an asteroid hunter | Carrie Nugent

73,185 views ใƒป 2017-04-04

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ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Ido Dekkers ืžื‘ืงืจ: hila scherba
00:13
I am holding something remarkably old.
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ืื ื™ ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืžืฉ ืขืชื™ืง.
00:16
It is older than any human artifact,
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ื”ื•ื ืขืชื™ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ ืคืจื™ื˜ ืื ื•ืฉื™,
00:19
older than life on Earth,
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ืขืชื™ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ,
00:21
older than the continents and the oceans between them.
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ืขืชื™ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื™ื‘ืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื.
00:25
This was formed over four billion years ago
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ื–ื” ื ื•ืฆืจ ืœืคื ื™ ืืจื‘ืขื” ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉื ื™ื
00:28
in the earliest days of the solar system
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ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืฉืžืฉ
00:30
while the planets were still forming.
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ืคืœื ื˜ื•ืช ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื•ืฆืจื•.
00:33
This rusty lump of nickel and iron may not appear special,
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ื”ื’ื•ืฉ ื”ื—ืœื•ื“ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื ื™ืงืœ ื•ื‘ืจื–ืœ ืื•ืœื™ ืœื ื ืจืื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“,
00:36
but when it is cut open ...
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉื—ื•ืชื›ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ...
00:40
you can see that it is different from earthly metals.
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืžืชื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.
00:43
This pattern reveals metallic crystals that can only form out in space
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ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื”ื–ื• ืžื’ืœื” ื’ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืžืชื›ืชื™ื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื•ื•ืฆืจ ืจืง ื‘ื—ืœืœ ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ืŸ
00:47
where molten metal can cool extremely slowly,
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ืฉื ืžืชื›ืช ืžื•ืชื›ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชืงืจืจ ืžืžืฉ ืœืื˜,
00:49
a few degrees every million years.
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ื›ืžื” ืžืขืœื•ืช ื›ืœ ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื”.
00:52
This was once part of a much larger object,
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืคืขื ื—ืœืง ืžืขืฆื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื”,
00:55
one of millions left over after the planets formed.
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ืื—ื“ ืžืžืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉืืจื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ืคืœื ื˜ื•ืช ื ื•ืฆืจื•.
00:57
We call these objects asteroids.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœืขืฆืžื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืืกื˜ืจื•ืื™ื“ื™ื.
01:01
Asteroids are our oldest and most numerous cosmic neighbors.
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ืืกื˜ืจื•ืื™ื“ื™ื ื”ื ื”ืฉื›ื ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ืขืชื™ืงื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
01:04
This graphic shows near-Earth asteroids orbiting around the Sun,
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ื”ื’ืจืคื™ืงื” ื”ื–ื• ืžืจืื” ืืกื˜ืจื•ืื™ื“ื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืœื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ืฉื—ื’ื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืฉืžืฉ,
01:08
shown in yellow,
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ืฉื ืจืื™ื ื‘ืฆื”ื•ื‘,
01:09
and swinging close to the Earth's orbit,
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ื•ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืžืกืœื•ืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ,
01:11
shown in blue.
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ืฉื ืจืื” ื‘ื›ื—ื•ืœ.
01:12
The sizes of the Earth, Sun and asteroids have been greatly exaggerated
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ื”ื’ื“ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ, ื”ืฉืžืฉ ื•ื”ืืกื˜ืจื•ืื™ื“ื™ื ื”ื•ื’ื–ืžื• ื‘ืคืจืื•ืช
01:15
so you can see them clearly.
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ื›ืš ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืื•ืชื ื‘ื‘ืจื•ืจ.
01:17
Teams of scientists across the globe are searching for these objects,
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ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ื•ืก ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืขืฆืžื™ื ื”ืืœื•,
01:20
discovering new ones every day,
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ืžื’ืœื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื,
01:22
steadily mapping near-Earth space.
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ืžืžืคื™ื ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืืช ื”ื—ืœืœ ืฉืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.
01:25
Much of this work is funded by NASA.
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื–ื• ืžืžื•ืžื ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ืืกื.
01:27
I think of the search for these asteroids as a giant public works project,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ ืืกื˜ืจื•ืื™ื“ื™ื ื›ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ืขื ืง,
01:31
but instead of building a highway, we're charting outer space,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื“ืจืš ืžื”ื™ืจื”, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืžืคื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ืœืœ ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ืŸ,
01:34
building an archive that will last for generations.
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ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืจื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื“ื•ืจื•ืช.
01:37
These are the 1,556 near-Earth asteroids discovered just last year.
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ืืœื” 1556 ื”ืืกื˜ืจื•ืื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืœื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ืฉื”ืชื’ืœื• ืจืง ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”.
01:45
And these are all of the known near-Earth asteroids,
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ื•ืืœื” ื›ืœ ื”ืืกื˜ืจื•ืื™ื“ื™ื ื”ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ืช ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ,
01:49
which at last count was 13,733.
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ืฉื‘ืคืขื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืžืกืคืจื ื”ื™ื” 13,733.
01:53
Each one has been imaged, cataloged
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ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืฆื•ืœื, ืงื•ื˜ืœื’
01:55
and had its path around the Sun determined.
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ื•ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืฉืœื• ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืฉืžืฉ ื ืงื‘ืข.
01:57
Although it varies from asteroid to asteroid,
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื–ื” ืžืฉืชื ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืกื˜ืจื•ืื™ื“ ืœืืกื˜ืจื•ืื™ื“,
02:00
the paths of most asteroids can be predicted for dozens of years.
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ืืช ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืืกื˜ืจื•ืื™ื“ื™ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื—ื–ื•ืช ืœืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื.
02:03
And the paths of some asteroids can be predicted with incredible precision.
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ื•ืืช ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืžื” ืืกื˜ืจื•ืื™ื“ื™ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื—ื–ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื“ื”ื™ื.
02:07
For example, scientists at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ื” ืœื”ื ืขื” ืกื™ืœื•ื ื™ืช
02:09
predicted where the asteroid Toutatis was going to be four years in advance
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ืฆืคื• ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ืืกื˜ืจื•ืื™ื“ ื˜ื•ื˜ื˜ื™ืก ื™ื”ื™ื” ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื ืžืจืืฉ
02:13
to within 30 kilometers.
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ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืฉืœ 30 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ.
02:16
In those four years,
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ื‘ืืจื‘ืข ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืืœื•,
02:17
Toutatis traveled 8.5 billion kilometers.
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ื˜ื•ื˜ื˜ื™ืก ืขื‘ืจ 8.5 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ.
02:21
That's a fractional precision
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ื–ื” ื“ื™ื•ืง ืขืฉืจื•ื ื™
02:22
of 0.000000004.
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ืฉืœ 0.00000004.
02:31
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:34
Now, the reason I have this beautiful asteroid fragment
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืคื™ืกืช ืืกื˜ืจื•ืื™ื“ ื›ื–ื• ื™ืคื”
02:37
is because, like all neighbors,
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ื”ื™ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ, ืฉื›ืžื• ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื›ื ื™ื,
02:38
asteroids sometimes drop by unexpectedly.
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ืืกื˜ืจื•ืื™ื“ื™ื ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืžื‘ืงืจื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืœื ืฆืคื•ื™.
02:41
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:44
Three years ago today,
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื,
02:46
a small asteroid exploded over the city of Chelyabinsk, Russia.
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ืืกื˜ืจื•ืื™ื“ ืงื˜ืŸ ื”ืชืคื•ืฆืฅ ืžืขืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืฆ'ืจื™ืื‘ื™ื ืกืง ื‘ืจื•ืกื™ื”.
02:49
That object was about 19 meters across,
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ื”ืขืฆื ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขืจืš ื‘ืงื•ื˜ืจ ืฉืœ 18 ืžื˜ืจ,
02:52
or about as big as a convenience store.
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ืื• ื‘ืขืจืš ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื—ื ื•ืช ืžื›ืœืช.
02:54
Objects of this size hit the Earth every 50 years or so.
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ืขืฆืžื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื–ื” ืคื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื›ืœ 50 ืฉื ื” ื‘ืขืจืš.
02:59
66 million years ago,
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ืœืคื ื™ 66 ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื”,
03:01
a much larger object hit the Earth,
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ืขืฆื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคื’ืข ื‘ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ,
03:03
causing a massive extinction.
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ื•ื’ืจื ืœื”ื›ื—ื“ื” ื”ืžื•ื ื™ืช.
03:05
75 percent of plant and animal species were lost,
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75 ืื—ื•ื– ืžืžื™ื ื™ ื”ืฆืžื—ื™ื ื•ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ืื‘ื“ื•,
03:08
including, sadly, the dinosaurs.
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ื›ื•ืœืœ, ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืฆืขืจ, ื”ื“ื™ื ื•ื–ืื•ืจื™ื.
03:11
That object was about 10 kilometers across,
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ื”ืขืฆื ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืงื•ื˜ืจ ืฉืœ 10 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ,
03:14
and 10 kilometers is roughly the cruising altitude of a 747 jet.
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ื• 10 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ ื–ื” ื‘ืขืจืš ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืฉื™ื•ื˜ ืฉืœ 747.
03:18
So the next time you're in an airplane,
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ืื– ื‘ืคืขื ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉืืชื ื‘ืžื˜ื•ืก,
03:20
snag a window seat, look out and imagine a rock so enormous
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ืงื—ื• ืžื•ืฉื‘ ื—ืœื•ืŸ, ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื• ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ื•ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืกืœืข ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื’ื“ื•ืœ
03:24
that resting on the ground,
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ืฉื ื— ืขืœ ื”ืงืจืงืข,
03:26
it just grazes your wingtip.
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ื•ืจืง ืžื’ืจื“ ืืช ืงืฆื•ืช ื”ื›ื ืคื™ื™ื.
03:28
It's so wide that it takes your plane one full minute to fly past it.
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ื”ื•ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœื•ืงื— ืœืžื˜ื•ืก ื“ืงื” ืฉืœืžื” ืœื˜ื•ืก ืžืขืœื™ื•.
03:33
That's the size of the asteroid that hit the Earth.
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ื–ื” ื”ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืืกื˜ืจื•ืื™ื“ ืฉืคื’ืข ื‘ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.
03:36
It has only been within my lifetime
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืจืง ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื—ื™ื™
03:38
that asteroids have been considered a credible threat to our planet.
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ืฉืืกื˜ืจื•ืื™ื“ื™ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืœืื™ื•ื ืžื•ื—ืฉื™ ืœืคืœื ื˜ื” ืฉืœื ื•.
03:41
And since then, there's been a focused effort underway
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ื•ืžืื–, ื”ื™ื” ืžืืžืฅ ืžืžื•ืงื“
03:44
to discover and catalog these objects.
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ืœื’ืœื•ืช ื•ืœืงื˜ืœื’ ืืช ื”ืขืฆืžื™ื ื”ืืœื•.
03:47
I am lucky enough to be part of this effort.
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ืื ื™ ื‘ืจืช ืžื–ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžืืžืฅ ื”ื–ื”.
03:49
I'm part of a team of scientists that use NASA's NEOWISE telescope.
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ืื ื™ ื—ืœืง ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื˜ืœืกืงื•ืค NEOWISE ืฉืœ ื ืืกื.
03:53
Now, NEOWISE was not designed to find asteroids.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, NEOWISE ืœื ืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืกื˜ืจื•ืื™ื“ื™ื.
03:55
It was designed to orbit the earth and look far beyond our solar system
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ื”ื•ื ืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ืœื”ืงื™ืฃ ืืช ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืฉืžืฉ ืฉืœื ื•
03:59
to seek out the coldest stars and the most luminous galaxies.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืคืฉ ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื”ืงืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื”ื’ืœืงืกื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ืžืื™ืจื•ืช.
04:03
And it did that very well for its designed lifetime of seven months.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืขืฉื” ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืื•ืจืš ื—ื™ื™ื• ื”ืžืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ืขื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื.
04:07
But today, six years later, it's still going.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื, ืฉืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ื•ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืžืฉื™ืš.
04:10
We've repurposed it to discover and study asteroids.
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ืฉื™ื ื™ื ื• ืืช ื™ืขื•ื“ื• ืœื’ืœื•ืช ื•ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืืกื˜ืจื•ืื™ื“ื™ื.
04:13
And although it's a wonderful little space robot,
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ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ ื—ืœืœ ืงื˜ืŸ ื ืคืœื,
04:15
these days it's kind of like a used car.
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ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ื ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื›ืžื• ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืžืฉื•ืžืฉืช.
04:18
The cryogen that used to refrigerate its sensors is long gone,
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ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ืฉืžืฉืžืฉ ืœืงืจืจ ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœื• ื ื’ืžืจ ืžื–ืžืŸ,
04:21
so we joke that its air-conditioning is broken.
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื‘ื“ื—ื™ื ืฉื”ืžื–ื’ืŸ ืฉืœื• ืžืงื•ืœืงืœ.
04:24
It's got 920 million miles on the odometer,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืฉืขื•ืŸ,
04:28
but it still runs great
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืžืขื•ืœื”
04:30
and reliably takes a photograph of the sky every 11 seconds.
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ื•ืœื•ืงื— ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืžื™ื™ื ื‘ืืžื™ื ื•ืช ื›ืœ 11 ืฉื ื™ื•ืช.
04:33
It's taken 23 photos since I began speaking to you.
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ื”ื•ื ืฆื™ืœื 23 ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืžืื– ืฉื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ืชื›ื.
04:38
One of the reasons NEOWISE is so valuable
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ืื—ืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉ NEOWISE ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืœ ืขืจืš ื›ื” ืจื‘
04:40
is that it sees the sky in the thermal infrared.
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ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ืฉืžื™ื™ื ื‘ืื™ื ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ื ืชืจืžื™.
04:42
That means that instead of seeing the sunlight that asteroids reflect,
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืื•ืจ ื”ืฉืžืฉ ืฉืืกื˜ืจื•ืื™ื“ื™ื ืžื—ื–ื™ืจื™ื,
NEOWISE ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื ืฉื”ื ืคื•ืœื˜ื™ื.
04:46
NEOWISE sees the heat that they emit.
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04:48
This is a vital capability since some asteroids are as dark as coal
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ื–ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ืžืื—ืจ ื•ื›ืžื” ืืกื˜ืจื•ืื™ื“ื™ื ื”ื ื›ื”ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืคื—ื
04:51
and can be difficult or impossible to spot with other telescopes.
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ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื“ื™ ืงืฉื™ื ืœื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืขื ื˜ืœืกืงื•ืคื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
04:55
But all asteroids, light or dark, shine brightly for NEOWISE.
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืืกื˜ืจื•ืื™ื“ื™ื, ื‘ื”ื™ืจื™ื ืื• ื›ื”ื™ื, ื–ื•ืจื—ื™ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ NEOWISE.
05:00
Astronomers are using every technique at their disposal
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ืืกื˜ืจื•ื ื•ืžื™ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืœืจืฉื•ืชื
05:03
to discover and study asteroids.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ื•ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืืกื˜ืจื•ืื™ื“ื™ื.
05:06
In 2010, a historic milestone was reached.
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ื‘ 2010, ืื‘ืŸ ื“ืจืš ื”ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ื”ื•ืฉื’ื”.
05:08
The community, together, discovered over 90 percent of asteroids
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ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื”, ื™ื—ื“, ื’ื™ืœืชื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-90 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ืืกื˜ืจื•ืื™ื“ื™ื
05:13
bigger than one kilometer across --
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ืฉื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ --
05:14
objects capable of massive destruction to Earth.
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ืขืฆืžื™ื ืฉืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจืก ืื“ื™ืจ ืขืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.
05:17
But the job's not done yet.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ืกืชื™ื™ืžื”.
05:19
An object 140 meters or bigger could decimate a medium-sized country.
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ืขืฆื ื‘ืงื•ื˜ืจ 140 ืžื˜ืจ ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืžื™ื“ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™.
05:24
So far, we've only found 25 percent of those.
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ืขื“ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื’ื™ืœื™ื ื• ืจืง 25 ืื—ื•ื– ืžืืœื”.
05:28
We must keep searching the sky for near-Earth asteroids.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื—ืคืฉ ื‘ืฉืžื™ื™ื ืื—ืจ ืืกื˜ืจื•ืื™ื“ื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืœื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.
05:31
We are the only species able to understand calculus
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ืžื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ
05:34
or build telescopes.
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ืื• ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื˜ืœืกืงื•ืคื™ื.
05:36
We know how to find these objects.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื™ืš ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขืฆืžื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
05:38
This is our responsibility.
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ื–ื• ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
05:40
If we found a hazardous asteroid with significant early warning,
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ืื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื’ืœื™ื ืืกื˜ืจื•ืื™ื“ ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ ืขื ืื–ื”ืจื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช,
05:44
we could nudge it out of the way.
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ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื–ื™ื– ืื•ืชื• ืžื”ื“ืจืš.
05:45
Unlike earthquakes, hurricanes or volcanic eruptions,
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ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืจืขื™ื“ื•ืช ืื“ืžื”, ื”ื•ืจื™ืงื ื™ื ืื• ื”ืชืคืจืฆื•ื™ื•ืช ื’ืขืฉื™ื•ืช,
05:48
an asteroid impact can be precisely predicted
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ืคื’ื™ืขืช ืืกื˜ืจื•ืื™ื“ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื—ื–ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง
05:51
and prevented.
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ื•ืœืžื ื•ืข.
05:53
What we need to do now is map near-Earth space.
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ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื–ื” ืœืžืคื•ืช ืืช ื”ื—ืœืœ ืฉืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.
05:56
We must keep searching the sky.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื—ืคืฉ ื‘ืฉืžื™ื™ื.
05:58
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
05:59
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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