Holly Morris: Why stay in Chernobyl? Because it's home.

70,269 views ใƒป 2013-10-31

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Michael Coslovsky ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:12
Three years ago, I was standing about a hundred yards
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื, ืขืžื“ืชื™ ื‘ืขืจืš ืžืื” ืžื˜ืจ
00:15
from Chernobyl nuclear reactor number four.
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ืžื”ื›ื•ืจ ื”ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ืืจื‘ืข ืฉืœ ืฆ'ืจื ื•ื‘ื™ืœ.
00:19
My Geiger counter dosimeter, which measures radiation,
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ืžื•ื ื” ื”ื’ื™ื™ื’ืจ ืฉืœื™, ืฉืžื•ื“ื“ ืงืจื™ื ื”,
00:22
was going berserk,
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ื”ืฉืชื•ืœืœ ืœื’ืžืจื™,
00:23
and the closer I got, the more frenetic it became,
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ื•ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืชืงืจื‘ืชื™, ื”ื•ื ื”ืœืš ื•ื”ืฉืชื’ืข
00:27
and frantic. My God.
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ื•ืฆืคืฆืฃ ื‘ื˜ื™ืจื•ืฃ. ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืื“ื™ืจื™ื.
00:30
I was there covering the 25th anniversary
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฉื ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกืงืจ ืืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื ื” ื”-25
00:32
of the world's worst nuclear accident,
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ืœืืกื•ืŸ ื”ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ ื”ื—ืžื•ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืงืจื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
00:35
as you can see by the look on my face,
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ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืœืคื™ ื”ื”ื‘ืขื” ืขืœ ืคื ื™,
00:37
reluctantly so, but with good reason,
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ื‘ืœื™ืช ื‘ืจื™ืจื”; ืื‘ืœ ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”,
00:40
because the nuclear fire that burned for 11 days
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืืฉ ื”ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ืช ืฉื‘ืขืจื” ื‘ืžืฉืš 11 ื™ืžื™ื
00:44
back in 1986 released 400 times as much radiation
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ืื– ื‘-1986 ืฉื—ืจืจื” ื›ืžื•ืช ืงืจื™ื ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืคื™ 400
00:48
as the bomb dropped on Hiroshima,
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ืžื”ืคืฆืฆื” ืฉื”ื•ื˜ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืžื”,
00:50
and the sarcophagus, which is the covering
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ื•ื”ืกืจืงื•ืคื’ ืฉืžื›ืกื”
00:53
over reactor number four,
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ืืช ื›ื•ืจ ืžืกืคืจ ืืจื‘ืข,
00:54
which was hastily built 27 years ago,
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ืืฉืจ ื ื‘ื ื” ื‘ื—ื™ืคื–ื•ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ 27 ืฉื ื™ื,
00:57
now sits cracked and rusted
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ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื›ืขืช ืกื“ื•ืง ื•ื—ืœื•ื“
00:59
and leaking radiation.
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ื•ื“ื•ืœืฃ ืงืจื™ื ื”.
01:01
So I was filming.
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืฆื™ืœืžืชื™.
01:03
I just wanted to get the job done
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ืจืง ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื’ืžื•ืจ ืขื ื–ื”
01:04
and get out of there fast.
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ื•ืœืฆืืช ืžืฉื ืžื”ืจ.
01:07
But then, I looked into the distance,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื– ื”ืกืชื›ืœืชื™ ืœืžืจื—ืง,
01:09
and I saw some smoke coming from a farmhouse,
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ื•ืจืื™ืชื™ ืขืฉืŸ ื™ื•ืฆื ืžื—ื•ื•ื”,
01:12
and I'm thinking, who could be living here?
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืœืขืฆืžื™, ืžื™ ื’ืจ ืฉื?
01:15
I mean, after all, Chernobyl's soil, water and air,
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ื–ืืช ืื•ืžืจืช, ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื›ืœ, ื”ืื“ืžื”, ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ืฆ'ืจื ื•ื‘ื™ืœ
01:18
are among the most highly contaminated on Earth,
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ื”ื ืžื”ืžื–ื•ื”ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
01:21
and the reactor sits at the the center of
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ื•ื”ื›ื•ืจ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ืžืจื›ื–ื•
01:23
a tightly regulated exclusion zone, or dead zone,
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ืฉืœ ืฉื˜ื— ืกื’ื•ืจ ื•ืžืคื•ืงื—, ืื• ืฉื˜ื— ืžืช,
01:26
and it's a nuclear police state, complete with border guards.
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ื•ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ืช, ืขื ืฉื•ืžืจื™ ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืžืžืฉ.
01:30
You have to have dosimeter at all times, clicking away,
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ืขืœื™ืš ืœืฉืืช ืžื•ื ื” ืืชืš ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ืžืชืงืชืง ืœื• ื‘ืฆื“,
01:32
you have to have a government minder,
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ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขืœื™ืš ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืžืžืฉืœืชื™,
01:34
and there's draconian radiation rules
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ื•ื™ืฉื ื ื—ื•ืงื™ ืงืจื™ื ื” ื“ืจืืงื•ื ื™ื™ื
01:37
and constant contamination monitoring.
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ื•ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืชืžื™ื“ื™ ื›ื ื’ื“ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื.
01:41
The point being, no human being
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ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื, ืฉืืฃ ื‘ืŸ ืื ื•ืฉ
01:44
should be living anywhere near the dead zone.
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ืœื ืืžื•ืจ ืœื’ื•ืจ ืืคื™ืœื• ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืฉื˜ื— ื”ืžืช.
01:46
But they are.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืฉื.
01:48
It turns out an unlikely community
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ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉืงื”ื™ืœื” ืœื ืฆืคื•ื™ื”
01:51
of some 200 people are living inside the zone.
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ืฉืœ ื›-200 ืื™ืฉ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืฉื˜ื—.
01:54
They're called self-settlers.
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ื”ื ื ืงืจืื™ื ืžืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืฆืžืื™ื™ื.
01:56
And almost all of them are women,
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ื•ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ื•ืœื ื”ืŸ ื ืฉื™ื,
01:59
the men having shorter lifespans
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ืœื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ืฉ ืชื•ื—ืœืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืงืฆืจื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
02:00
in part due to overuse of alcohol, cigarettes,
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ื—ืœืงื™ืช ื‘ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื™ืชืจ ื‘ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ, ืกื™ื’ืจื™ื•ืช,
02:03
if not radiation.
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ืื ืœื ืงืจื™ื ื”.
02:05
Hundreds of thousands of people were evacuated
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ืžืื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืคื•ื ื•
02:07
at the time of the accident,
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืชืื•ื ื”,
02:09
but not everybody accepted that fate.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื›ื•ืœื ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื• ืขื ื”ื’ื•ืจืœ ื”ื”ื•ื.
02:11
The women in the zone, now in their 70s and 80s,
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ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืชื—ื, ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-70 ื•ื”-80 ืœื—ื™ื™ื”ืŸ
02:14
are the last survivors of a group who defied authorities
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ื”ืŸ ื”ื ื™ืฆื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืงืจืื• ืชื™ื’ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ื ื•ืช
02:17
and, it would seem, common sense,
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ื•ืขืœ ื”ื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื, ื›ืš ื ืจืื”,
02:19
and returned to their ancestral homes inside the zone.
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ื•ื—ื–ืจื• ืœื‘ืชื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžืชื—ื.
02:23
They did so illegally.
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ื”ืŸ ืขืฉื• ื–ืืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื—ื•ืงื™.
02:25
As one woman put it to a soldier
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืฉื” ืื—ืช ืืžืจื” ืœื—ื™ื™ืœ
02:27
who was trying to evacuate her for a second time,
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ืฉื ื™ืกื” ืœืคื ื•ืช ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”,
02:30
"Shoot me and dig the grave.
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"ืชื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ ื•ื—ืคื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืงื‘ืจ.
02:32
Otherwise, I'm going home."
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ืื—ืจืช, ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”."
02:34
Now why would they return to such deadly soil?
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžื” ืœื”ืŸ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื›ื–ื• ืื“ืžื” ืงื˜ืœื ื™ืช?
02:37
I mean, were they unaware of the risks
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ื–ืืช ืื•ืžืจืช, ื”ืื ื”ืŸ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื
02:39
or crazy enough to ignore them, or both?
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ืื• ืžื˜ื•ืจืคื•ืช ืžืกืคื™ืง ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžื”ื, ืื• ื’ื ื•ื’ื?
02:42
The thing is, they see their lives
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ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื, ื”ืŸ ืจื•ืื•ืช ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ืŸ
02:43
and the risks they run decidedly differently.
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ื•ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื”ืŸ ืœื•ืงื—ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื—ืจ ืœื’ืžืจื™.
02:47
Now around Chernobyl, there are scattered ghost villages,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืฆ'ืจื ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืžืคื•ื–ืจื™ื ื›ืคืจื™ ืจืคืื™ื,
02:50
eerily silent, strangely charming, bucolic,
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ืฉืงื˜ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื˜ืจื™ื“, ืžืงืกื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื•ื–ืจ, ื›ืคืจื™ื™ื,
02:54
totally contaminated.
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ืžื–ื•ื”ืžื™ื ืœื’ืžืจื™.
02:56
Many were bulldozed under at the time of the accident,
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ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื ื”ื•ื—ืจื‘ื• ื‘ื“ื—ืคื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืชืื•ื ื”,
02:59
but a few are left like this,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืขื˜ื™ื ื ืฉืืจื• ื›ื›ื”,
03:01
kind of silent vestiges to the tragedy.
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ืžืขื™ืŸ ืฉืจื™ื“ื™ื ื“ื•ืžืžื™ื ืœื˜ืจื’ื“ื™ื”.
03:05
Others have a few residents in them,
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ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื ื™ืฉ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืžืขื˜ื™ื,
03:07
one or two "babushkas," or "babas,"
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"ื‘ื‘ื•ืฉืงื•ืช" ืื• "ื‘ื‘ื•ืช" ืื—ื“ื•ืช,
03:10
which are the Russian and Ukrainian words for grandmother.
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ืฉื”ืŸ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื”ืจื•ืกื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืื•ืงืจืื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืœืกื‘ืชื.
03:13
Another village might have six or seven residents.
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ื‘ื›ืคืจ ืื—ืจ ื™ื”ื™ื• ืื•ืœื™ ืฉืฉื” ืื• ืฉื‘ืขื” ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื.
03:16
So this is the strange demographic of the zone --
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ืื– ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ื“ืžื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ื”ืžื•ื–ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืชื—ื -
03:19
isolated alone together.
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ืžื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืœื‘ื“ ื‘ื™ื—ื“.
03:21
And when I made my way to that piping chimney
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ื•ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืืช ื“ืจื›ื™ ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืื•ืชื” ื”ืืจื•ื‘ื” ื”ืžืขืฉื ืช
03:24
I'd seen in the distance,
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ืฉืจืื™ืชื™ ืžืจื—ื•ืง,
03:25
I saw Hanna Zavorotnya, and I met her.
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ืจืื™ืชื™ ืืช ื—ื ื” ื–ื‘ื•ืจื˜ื™ื ื”, ื•ืคื’ืฉืชื™ ืื•ืชื”.
03:29
She's the self-declared mayor of Kapavati village,
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ื”ื™ื ืจืืฉืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ืžื˜ืขื ืขืฆืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืคืจ ืงืืคืื‘ืื˜ื™,
03:32
population eight.
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ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” - ืฉืžื•ื ื”.
03:34
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
03:36
And she said to me, when I asked her the obvious,
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื” ืœื™, ื›ืฉืฉืืœืชื™ ืื•ืชื” ืืช ื”ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืืœื™ื•,
03:39
"Radiation doesn't scare me. Starvation does."
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"ืงืจื™ื ื” ืœื ืžืคื—ื™ื“ื” ืื•ืชื™. ื”ืจืขื‘ ื›ืŸ."
03:43
And you have to remember, these women have
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ื•ืขืœื™ื›ื ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ, ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืœืœื•
03:44
survived the worst atrocities of the 20th century.
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ืฉืจื“ื• ืืช ื”ื–ื•ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืจืื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”-20.
03:48
Stalin's enforced famines of the 1930s, the Holodomor,
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ื”ื”ืจืขื‘ื•ืช ื”ื›ืคื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืกื˜ืืœื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-30, ื”ื”ื•ืœื•ื“ื•ืžื•ืจ,
03:52
killed millions of Ukrainians,
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ื”ืจื’ื• ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืื•ืงืจืื™ื ื™ื,
03:54
and they faced the Nazis in the '40s,
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ื”ืŸ ืขืžื“ื• ืžื•ืœ ื”ื ืืฆื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-40,
03:56
who came through slashing, burning, raping,
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ืฉืขื‘ืจื• ืฉื ืžื›ื™ื, ืฉื•ืจืคื™ื, ืื•ื ืกื™ื,
03:59
and in fact many of these women
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืœืœื•
04:00
were shipped to Germany as forced labor.
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ื ืฉืœื—ื• ืœื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื”.
04:03
So when a couple decades into Soviet rule,
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ื›ืš ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื›ืžื” ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืกื•ื‘ื™ื™ื˜ื™,
04:06
Chernobyl happened,
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ืงืจื” ืืกื•ืŸ ืฆ'ืจื ื•ื‘ื™ืœ,
04:07
they were unwilling to flee in the face of an enemy
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ื”ืŸ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืœื‘ืจื•ื— ืžืคื ื™ ืื•ื™ื‘
04:10
that was invisible.
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ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืจืื”.
04:12
So they returned to their villages
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ืื– ื”ืŸ ื—ื–ืจื• ืœื›ืคืจื™ื”ืŸ
04:14
and are told they're going to get sick and die soon,
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ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื”ืŸ ืฉื”ืŸ ืขื•ืžื“ื•ืช ืœื—ืœื•ืช ื•ืœืžื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘,
04:18
but five happy years, their logic goes,
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ืื‘ืœ ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืžืื•ืฉืจื•ืช, ืื•ืžืจ ืœื”ืŸ ื”ื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”ืŸ,
04:20
is better than 10 stuck in a high rise
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ื”ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ 10 ืฉื ื™ื ืชืงื•ืขื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืจื•ืช
04:23
on the outskirts of Kiev,
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ื‘ืคืจื‘ืจื™ ืงื™ื™ื‘,
04:25
separated from the graves of their mothers
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ืžื•ืคืจื“ื•ืช ืžืงื‘ืจื™ ืืžื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ,
04:27
and fathers and babies,
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ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ ื•ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ,
04:29
the whisper of stork wings on a spring afternoon.
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ืœื—ื™ืฉืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื›ื ืคื™ ื—ืกื™ื“ื” ื‘ืื—ืจ-ืฆื”ืจื™ื™ื ืื‘ื™ื‘ื™.
04:33
For them, environmental contamination
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ืขื‘ื•ืจืŸ, ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™
04:35
may not be the worst sort of devastation.
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ื”ื•ื ืœื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื”ืืกื•ืŸ ื”ื ื•ืจื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
04:38
It turns out this holds true
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ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื–ื• ื’ื ื”ืืžืช
04:39
for other species as well.
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื™ื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
04:41
Wild boar, lynx, moose, they've all returned
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ื—ื–ื™ืจื™ ื‘ืจ, ืฉื•ื ืจื™ื, ืื™ื™ืœื™ื ืงื•ืจืื™ื, ื›ื•ืœื ื—ื–ืจื•
04:44
to the region in force,
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ืœืื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืขื•ืฆืžื”,
04:46
the very real, very negative effects of radiation
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ื›ืฉื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื”ืžืื“ ืืžื™ืชื™ื•ืช, ื”ืžืื“ ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืงืจื™ื ื”
04:49
being trumped by the upside of a mass exodus
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ืžืชื’ืžื“ื•ืช ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื˜ื™ืฉื” ื”ืžื•ื ื™ืช
04:53
of humans.
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ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื.
04:55
The dead zone, it turns out, is full of life.
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ื”ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืžืช, ื›ืš ืžืกืชื‘ืจ, ื”ื•ื ืžืœื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื.
04:59
And there is a kind of heroic resilience,
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืื™ื–ืฉื”ื• ื›ื•ืฉืจ ื”ืชืื•ืฉืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื•ืื™,
05:02
a kind of plain-spoken pragmatism to those
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ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืคืจื’ืžื˜ื™ื–ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืœื•
05:05
who start their day at 5 a.m.
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ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉืœื”ื ื‘-5 ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ
05:08
pulling water from a well
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ื‘ืฉืื™ื‘ืช ืžื™ื ืžื‘ืืจ
05:10
and end it at midnight
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ื•ืžืกื™ื™ืžื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื—ืฆื•ืช
05:12
poised to beat a bucket with a stick
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ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœื”ื›ื•ืช ืขื ืžืงืœ ื‘ื“ืœื™
05:14
and scare off wild boar that might mess with their potatoes,
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื‘ืจื™ื— ื—ื–ื™ืจื™ ื‘ืจ ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืจื•ืก ืืช ืชืคื•ื—ื™ ื”ืื“ืžื” ืฉืœื”ื,
05:17
their only company a bit of homemade moonshine vodka.
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ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉืœื”ื ืžืขื˜ ื•ื•ื“ืงื” ืžืชื•ืฆืจืช ื‘ื™ืชื™ืช.
05:22
And there's a patina of simple defiance among them.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืื™ื–ื• ื”ื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื.
05:25
"They told us our legs would hurt, and they do. So what?"
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"ื”ื ืืžืจื• ืœื ื• ืฉื”ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื™ื›ืื‘ื•, ื•ื”ืŸ ื›ื•ืื‘ื•ืช. ืื– ืžื”?"
05:29
I mean, what about their health?
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ื–ืืช ืื•ืžืจืช, ืžื” ืขื ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ?
05:31
The benefits of hardy, physical living,
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ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ืคื™ื–ื™ื™ื, ืงืฉื•ื—ื™ื,
05:34
but an environment made toxic
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ืื‘ืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืฉื”ื•ืจืขืœื”
05:35
by a complicated, little-understood enemy, radiation.
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ื‘ืื•ื™ื‘ ืžืกื•ื‘ืš ื•ื‘ืงื•ืฉื™ ืžื•ื‘ืŸ - ืงืจื™ื ื”.
05:39
It's incredibly difficult to parse.
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ืงืฉื” ืžืื“ ืœืชืืจ ืืช ื–ื”.
05:41
Health studies from the region
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ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืžื”ืื–ื•ืจ
05:43
are conflicting and fraught.
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ื”ื ื˜ืขื•ื ื™ื ื•ืกื•ืชืจื™ื.
05:46
The World Health Organization
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ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™
05:47
puts the number of Chernobyl-related deaths
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ืžืฆื™ื‘ ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืงื•ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืฆ'ืจื ื•ื‘ื™ืœ
05:50
at 4,000, eventually.
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ืขืœ 4,000 ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ.
05:52
Greenpeace and other organizations
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ื’ืจื™ืŸ-ืคื™ืก ื•ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื
05:55
put that number in the tens of thousands.
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ืžืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื” ืขืœ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืืœืคื™ื.
05:58
Now everybody agrees that thyroid cancers
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื›ื•ืœื ืžืกื›ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืกืจื˜ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ืช ื”ืชืจื™ืก
06:01
are sky high, and that Chernobyl evacuees
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ื ืคื•ืฅ ืžืื“, ื•ืฉืžืคื•ื ื™ ืฆ'ืจื ื•ื‘ื™ืœ
06:04
suffer the trauma of relocated peoples everywhere:
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ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžื”ื˜ืจืื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ืขืžื™ื ืฉืคื•ื ื• ืžื‘ืชื™ื”ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื:
06:07
higher levels of anxiety, depression, alcoholism,
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ืจืžื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื—ืจื“ื”, ื“ื™ื›ืื•ืŸ, ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœื™ื–ื,
06:10
unemployment and, importantly,
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ืื‘ื˜ืœื”, ื•ื—ืฉื•ื‘,
06:12
disrupted social networks.
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ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ื‘ืฉื•ืช.
06:15
Now, like many of you,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื›ืžื• ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื›ื,
06:18
I have moved maybe 20, 25 times in my life.
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ืื ื™ ืขื‘ืจืชื™ ืžืงื•ื ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืื•ืœื™ 20, 25 ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™.
06:22
Home is a transient concept.
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ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฉื’ ื—ื•ืœืฃ.
06:26
I have a deeper connection to my laptop
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืงืฉืจ ืขืžื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื”ื ื™ื™ื“ ืฉืœื™
06:28
than any bit of soil.
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ืžืืฉืจ ืขื ืคื™ืกืช ืื“ืžื” ื›ืœืฉื”ื™.
06:32
So it's hard for us to understand, but home
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ืื– ืงืฉื” ืœื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื–ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื™ืช
06:35
is the entire cosmos of the rural babushka,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ืงื•ื ื›ื•ืœื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื‘ื•ืฉืงื” ื”ื›ืคืจื™ืช,
06:38
and connection to the land is palpable.
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ื•ื”ืงืฉืจ ืœืื“ืžื” ื”ื•ื ืžืžืฉื™.
06:41
And perhaps because these Ukrainian women
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ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืื•ืงืจืื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•
06:43
were schooled under the Soviets
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ืœืžื“ื• ืชื—ืช ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจ ื”ืกื•ื‘ื™ื™ื˜ื™
06:45
and versed in the Russian poets,
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ื•ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจื™ื ื”ืจื•ืกื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื,
06:47
aphorisms about these ideas
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ืืžืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•
06:49
slip from their mouths all the time.
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ื ืคืœื˜ื•ืช ืžืคื™ื”ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
06:51
"If you leave, you die."
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"ืื ืชืขื–ื•ื‘, ืชืžื•ืช".
06:54
"Those who left are worse off now.
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"ื”ืžืฆื‘ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื’ืจื•ืข ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืœื• ืฉืขื–ื‘ื•.
06:56
They are dying of sadness."
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ื”ื ืžืชื™ื ืžืขืฆื‘ื•ืช."
06:58
"Motherland is motherland. I will never leave."
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"ืžื•ืœื“ืช ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืœื“ืช. ืœื ืืขื–ื•ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื."
07:02
What sounds like faith, soft faith,
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ืžื” ืฉื ืฉืžืข ื›ืžื• ืืžื•ื ื”, ืืžื•ื ื” ืจื›ื”,
07:05
may actually be fact,
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ืขืฉื•ื™ ื‘ืขืฆื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื”,
07:09
because the surprising truth --
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ื›ื™ ื”ืืžืช ื”ืžืคืชื™ืขื” --
07:10
I mean, there are no studies, but the truth seems to be
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ื–ืืช ืื•ืžืจืช, ืœื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื•ื ืžื—ืงืจื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื
07:13
that these women who returned to their homes
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ืฉื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืฉื—ื–ืจื• ืœื‘ืชื™ื”ืŸ
07:15
and have lived on some of the most radioactive land
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ื•ื—ื™ื• ืขืœ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืจื“ื™ื•ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืื•ืœื
07:17
on Earth for the last 27 years,
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ื‘ืžืฉืš 27 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช,
07:19
have actually outlived their counterparts
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ื‘ืขืฆื ื”ืืจื™ื›ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ
07:22
who accepted relocation,
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ืฉื”ืฉืœื™ืžื• ืขื ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื—ื“ืฉ,
07:24
by some estimates up to 10 years.
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ื‘ื›-10 ืฉื ื™ื ืœืคื™ ื›ืžื” ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช.
07:28
How could this be?
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ืื™ืš ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช?
07:30
Here's a theory: Could it be
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ืื– ื”ื ื” ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื”: ื”ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ
07:32
that those ties to ancestral soil,
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ื›ื™ ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืœืื“ืžืช ื”ืžื•ืœื“ืช,
07:35
the soft variables reflected in their aphorisms,
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ื”ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ื”ืจื›ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ืื™ืžืจื•ืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ,
07:37
actually affect longevity?
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ื‘ืขืฆื ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืื•ืจืš ื”ื—ื™ื™ื?
07:40
The power of motherland
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ื”ื›ื•ื— ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืœื“ืช
07:42
so fundamental to that part of the world
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ื”ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ืœื—ืœืง ื”ื”ื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื
07:45
seems palliative.
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ื ืจืื” ื›ื›ื•ื— ืฉืžืฉืจื” ื”ืงืœื”.
07:46
Home and community are forces
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ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช
07:49
that rival even radiation.
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ืฉืžืชื—ืจื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืขื ืงืจื™ื ื”.
07:53
Now radiation or not,
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ื•ืงืจื™ื ื” ืื• ืœื,
07:56
these women are at the end of their lives.
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ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื”ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื—ื™ื™ื”ืŸ.
07:58
In the next decade, the zone's human residents will be gone,
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ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื, ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ื™ื™ืขืœืžื•,
08:02
and it will revert to a wild, radioactive place,
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ื•ื”ืžืงื•ื ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืžืงื•ื ืคืจืื™, ืจื“ื™ื•ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™,
08:07
full only of animals and occasionally
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ืžืœื ืจืง ื‘ื—ื™ื•ืช
08:10
daring, flummoxed scientists.
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ื•ืžื“ื™ ืคืขื ื‘ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืืžื™ืฆื™ื ื•ืžื‘ื•ืœื‘ืœื™ื.
08:13
But the spirit and existence of the babushkas,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืจื•ื— ื•ื”ืงื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื‘ื•ืฉืงื•ืช,
08:16
whose numbers have been halved
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ืฉืžืกืคืจืŸ ืคื—ืช ื‘ื—ืฆื™
08:18
in the three years I've known them,
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ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ื›ืจืชื™ ืื•ืชืŸ,
08:20
will leave us with powerful new templates
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ื™ืฉืื™ืจื• ืื•ืชื ื• ืขื ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืขื•ืฆืžืชื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช
08:22
to think about and grapple with,
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ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื•ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื,
08:24
about the relative nature of risk,
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ืขืœ ื˜ื‘ืขื• ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ ืฉืœ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ,
08:28
about transformative connections to home,
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ืขืœ ืงืฉืจื™ื ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืช,
08:31
and about the magnificent tonic
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ื•ืขืœ ื”ืจืขื ื•ืŸ ื”ื ืคืœื
08:35
of personal agency and self-determination.
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ืฉืœ ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ืช ื•ืฉืœ ื ื—ื™ืฉื•ืช.
08:39
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”
08:41
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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