Holly Morris: Why stay in Chernobyl? Because it's home.

68,877 views ใƒป 2013-10-31

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Nathan Chung ๊ฒ€ํ† : Tae Young Choi
00:12
Three years ago, I was standing about a hundred yards
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3๋…„ ์ „, ์ €๋Š” ์ฒด๋ฅด๋…ธ๋นŒ์˜ ์ œ 4๋ฒˆ ์›์ž๋กœ์—์„œ
00:15
from Chernobyl nuclear reactor number four.
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์•ฝ 90๋ฏธํ„ฐ ์ •๋„ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์— ์„œ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:19
My Geiger counter dosimeter, which measures radiation,
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๊ฐ€์ด๊ฑฐ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„  ๊ณ„์ธก๊ธฐ๊ฐ€
00:22
was going berserk,
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๋ฏธ์นœ ๋“ฏ์ด ์šธ๋ฆฌ๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
00:23
and the closer I got, the more frenetic it became,
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๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ๊ฐˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋” ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ,
00:27
and frantic. My God.
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๋ฏธ์นœ ๋“ฏ์ด ์›€์ง์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ธ์ƒ์—.
00:30
I was there covering the 25th anniversary
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ์•…์˜ ์›์ž๋ ฅ ์‚ฌ๊ณ 
00:32
of the world's worst nuclear accident,
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25์ฃผ๋…„์„ ์ทจ์žฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:35
as you can see by the look on my face,
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์ œ ํ‘œ์ •์—์„œ ์ฝ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด
00:37
reluctantly so, but with good reason,
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ชปํ•ด์„œ ๊ฐ”์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:40
because the nuclear fire that burned for 11 days
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1986๋…„ ๋‹น์‹œ ์›์ „ ํ™”์žฌ๊ฐ€ 11์ผ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ณ„์†๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
00:44
back in 1986 released 400 times as much radiation
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋กœ ์œ ์ถœ๋œ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ๋Šฅ์€
00:48
as the bomb dropped on Hiroshima,
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ํžˆ๋กœ์‹œ๋งˆ์— ํˆฌํ•˜๋œ ํญํƒ„์˜ 400๋ฐฐ๋‚˜ ๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:50
and the sarcophagus, which is the covering
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ œ 4๋ฒˆ ์›์ž๋กœ๋ฅผ
00:53
over reactor number four,
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๋ฎ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์„๊ด€์€
00:54
which was hastily built 27 years ago,
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27๋…„ ์ „ ๊ธ‰ํžˆ ์ง€์–ด์กŒ๋Š”๋ฐ
00:57
now sits cracked and rusted
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๊ธˆ์ด ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ๋…น์ด ์Šจ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ
00:59
and leaking radiation.
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๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ๋Šฅ์„ ์œ ์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:01
So I was filming.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ดฌ์˜์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
01:03
I just wanted to get the job done
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์˜ค์ง ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ ํ•˜๋‚˜,
01:04
and get out of there fast.
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๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์ผ์„ ๋๋‚ด๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ณณ์„ ๋œจ์ž๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋ฟ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:07
But then, I looked into the distance,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ € ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ์žˆ๋Š”
01:09
and I saw some smoke coming from a farmhouse,
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ํ•œ ๋†๊ฐ€์—์„œ ์—ฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ”ผ์–ด์˜ค๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
01:12
and I'm thinking, who could be living here?
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"๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€?"ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋“ค์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
01:15
I mean, after all, Chernobyl's soil, water and air,
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์ฒด๋ฅด๋…ธ๋นŒ์˜ ํ™, ๋ฌผ, ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๋Š”
01:18
are among the most highly contaminated on Earth,
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์ง€๊ตฌ ์ƒ์—์„œ ์˜ค์—ผ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์‹ฌํ•œ๋ฐ๋‹ค
01:21
and the reactor sits at the the center of
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์›์ž๋กœ๋Š” ์ฒ ์ €ํžˆ ํ†ต์ œ๋œ
01:23
a tightly regulated exclusion zone, or dead zone,
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์ถœ์ž… ๊ธˆ์ง€ ๊ตฌ์—ญ, ์ฆ‰ ์ฃฝ์Œ์˜ ๊ตฌ์—ญ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์— ์žˆ๊ณ 
01:26
and it's a nuclear police state, complete with border guards.
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๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์ง€ ๋ณด์ดˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์›์ „ ์œ„์ˆ˜ ์ง€๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:30
You have to have dosimeter at all times, clicking away,
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์งธ๊น๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ๋Ÿ‰๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ง€์ฐธํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
01:32
you have to have a government minder,
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์ •๋ถ€ ๊ฐ์‹œ์›์ด ๋ถ™์–ด ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
01:34
and there's draconian radiation rules
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์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ๋Šฅ ์ˆ˜์น™์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
01:37
and constant contamination monitoring.
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๋˜ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์˜ค์—ผ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:41
The point being, no human being
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์š”์ ์ธ ์ฆ‰์Šจ, ์–ด๋Š ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋„
01:44
should be living anywhere near the dead zone.
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์ฃฝ์Œ์˜ ๊ตฌ์—ญ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์— ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
But they are.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋”๋ผ๊ณ ์š”.
01:48
It turns out an unlikely community
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๋ฏฟ๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“ค์ง€๋งŒ ์•ฝ 200๋ช… ์ •๋„๊ฐ€
01:51
of some 200 people are living inside the zone.
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๊ณต๋™์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃฌ ์ฑ„ ๊ทธ ๊ตฌ์—ญ ์•ˆ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
They're called self-settlers.
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์ž๋ฐœ์  ์ •์ฐฉ๋ฏผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์€
01:56
And almost all of them are women,
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์—ฌ์ž์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
the men having shorter lifespans
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๋‚จ์ž๋“ค์€ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ๋Šฅ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š”
02:00
in part due to overuse of alcohol, cigarettes,
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์ˆ ๊ณผ ๋‹ด๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ณผํ•œ ํƒ“์—
02:03
if not radiation.
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์ˆ˜๋ช…์ด ๋” ์งง์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
Hundreds of thousands of people were evacuated
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์‚ฌ๊ณ  ์งํ›„ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ๋งŒ ๋ช…์ด
02:07
at the time of the accident,
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๋Œ€ํ”ผ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
02:09
but not everybody accepted that fate.
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๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์šด๋ช…์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
02:11
The women in the zone, now in their 70s and 80s,
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์ด์ œ๋Š” 70๋Œ€์™€ 80๋Œ€์— ์ ‘์–ด๋“  ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์ด
02:14
are the last survivors of a group who defied authorities
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์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๋ช…๋ น๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์ƒ์‹์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ 
02:17
and, it would seem, common sense,
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์กฐ์ƒ ๋Œ€๋Œ€๋กœ ์‚ด์•„์˜จ ์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์˜จ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ์˜
02:19
and returned to their ancestral homes inside the zone.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์ƒ์กด์ž๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:23
They did so illegally.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ํ–‰์œ„๋Š” ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:25
As one woman put it to a soldier
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ํ•œ ์—ฌ์ž๋ถ„์€ ์žฌ์ฐจ ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋Œ€ํ”ผ์‹œํ‚ค๋ ค๋Š”
02:27
who was trying to evacuate her for a second time,
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๊ตฐ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
02:30
"Shoot me and dig the grave.
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"์ฐจ๋ผ๋ฆฌ ๋‚  ์˜๊ณ  ๋‚ด ๋ฌด๋ค์„ ํŒŒ๋ผ.
02:32
Otherwise, I'm going home."
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋‚œ ๋‚ด ์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์†Œ."
02:34
Now why would they return to such deadly soil?
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์™œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ๋•…์— ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋ ค ํ–ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
02:37
I mean, were they unaware of the risks
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๋ชฐ๋ผ์„œ?
02:39
or crazy enough to ignore them, or both?
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์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•  ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋ฏธ์ณ์„œ? ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
02:42
The thing is, they see their lives
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ธ์ƒ๊ณผ ์œ„ํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ์€
02:43
and the risks they run decidedly differently.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€๋Š” ํ™•์—ฐํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:47
Now around Chernobyl, there are scattered ghost villages,
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์ฒด๋ฅด๋…ธ๋นŒ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์— ๋ฒ„๋ ค์ง„ ๋งˆ์„๋“ค์ด ํฉ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
02:50
eerily silent, strangely charming, bucolic,
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์œผ์Šค์Šคํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ์š”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด์ƒํ•œ ๋งค๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
02:54
totally contaminated.
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์‹œ๊ณจ์Šค๋Ÿฝ์ง€์š”. ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์˜ค์—ผ๋œ ์ฑ„๋กœ์š”.
02:56
Many were bulldozed under at the time of the accident,
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์‚ฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹œ ๋ถˆ๋„์ €๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ€์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ธ์ง€๋งŒ
02:59
but a few are left like this,
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๋ช‡๋ช‡์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:01
kind of silent vestiges to the tragedy.
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๋น„๊ทน ํ›„์— ๋‚จ์€ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ ์—†๋Š” ํ”์ ์ด์ง€์š”.
03:05
Others have a few residents in them,
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์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ์†Œ์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ž๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
03:07
one or two "babushkas," or "babas,"
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๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์–ด๋‚˜ ์šฐํฌ๋ผ์ด๋‚˜์–ด๋กœ ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์˜
03:10
which are the Russian and Ukrainian words for grandmother.
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ํ•œ๋‘ ๋ช…์˜ ๋ฐ”๋ถ€์‰ฌ์นด, ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋ฐ”๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋งˆ์„๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
03:13
Another village might have six or seven residents.
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6~7 ๋ช…์ด ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋งˆ์„๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:16
So this is the strange demographic of the zone --
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๊ทธ ๊ณณ์˜ ์ด์ƒํ•œ ์ธ๊ตฌ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์€
03:19
isolated alone together.
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์„œ๋กœ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ณ ๋ฆฝ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:21
And when I made my way to that piping chimney
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ธฐ๋‚˜๋Š”
03:24
I'd seen in the distance,
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๊ตด๋š์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ํ–ฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:25
I saw Hanna Zavorotnya, and I met her.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ํ•œ๋‚˜ ์ž๋ณด๋กœํŠธ๋ƒ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:29
She's the self-declared mayor of Kapavati village,
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ž์นญ ์ฟ ํผ๋ฐ”ํ‹ฐ ๋งˆ์„์˜ ์‹œ์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
population eight.
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์ด ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ 8 ๋ช…์ธ ๋งˆ์„์ด์ง€์š”.
03:34
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
03:36
And she said to me, when I asked her the obvious,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์—ฐํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฌป์ž
03:39
"Radiation doesn't scare me. Starvation does."
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"๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ๋Šฅ์€ ์•ˆ ๋ฌด์„œ์›Œ. ๊ตถ๋Š”๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์„ญ์ง€." ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
03:43
And you have to remember, these women have
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๋ช…์‹ฌํ•˜์…”์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์€, ์ด ๋ถ„๋“ค์€
03:44
survived the worst atrocities of the 20th century.
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20์„ธ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋”์ฐํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ผ๋“ค์„ ๊ฒช๊ณ 
์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:48
Stalin's enforced famines of the 1930s, the Holodomor,
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1930๋…„๋Œ€ ์Šคํƒˆ๋ฆฐ์ด ๊ฐ•์ œํ•œ ํ™€๋กœ๋„๋ชจ๋ฅด ๊ธฐ๊ทผ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
03:52
killed millions of Ukrainians,
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ช…์˜ ์šฐํฌ๋ผ์ด๋‚˜์ธ๋“ค์ด ์ฃฝ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:54
and they faced the Nazis in the '40s,
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๋˜ 40๋…„๋Œ€์—๋Š” ๋งˆ๊ตฌ ์ฐ”๋Ÿฌ ์ฃฝ์ด๊ณ , ๋ถˆํƒœ์šฐ๊ณ , ๊ฐ•๊ฐ„ํ•˜๋Š”
03:56
who came through slashing, burning, raping,
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๋‚˜์น˜๋“ค๊ณผ ์ง๋ฉดํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
03:59
and in fact many of these women
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์ด ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ๋‹น์ˆ˜๊ฐ€
04:00
were shipped to Germany as forced labor.
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๋…์ผ์— ๊ฐ•์ œ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋กœ ์ง•์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:03
So when a couple decades into Soviet rule,
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์†Œ๋ จ์ด ์ง€๋ฐฐํ•œ ๋ช‡์‹ญ ๋…„ ํ›„
04:06
Chernobyl happened,
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์ฒด๋ฅด๋…ธ๋นŒ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด ํ„ฐ์กŒ์„ ๋•Œ
04:07
they were unwilling to flee in the face of an enemy
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์  ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
04:10
that was invisible.
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๋„๋ง๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‹ซ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:12
So they returned to their villages
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋งˆ์„๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์ž
04:14
and are told they're going to get sick and die soon,
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๊ณง ๋ณ‘์— ๊ฑธ๋ ค ์ฃฝ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง์„ ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:18
but five happy years, their logic goes,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
04:20
is better than 10 stuck in a high rise
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์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ, ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€, ์•„๊ธฐ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌปํžŒ ๋ฌด๋ค์ด ์žˆ๊ณ 
04:23
on the outskirts of Kiev,
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๋ด„๋‚  ์˜คํ›„์˜ ํ™ฉ์ƒˆ ๋‚ ๊ฐฏ์ง“ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋Š”
04:25
separated from the graves of their mothers
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๊ณ ํ–ฅ์—์„œ์˜ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•œ 5๋…„์ด
04:27
and fathers and babies,
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ํ‚ค์—๋ธŒ์˜ ๊ณ ์ธต ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ์—์„œ
04:29
the whisper of stork wings on a spring afternoon.
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์ฉ๋Š” 10๋…„๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ซ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:33
For them, environmental contamination
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๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์˜ค์—ผ์ด
04:35
may not be the worst sort of devastation.
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์ตœ์•…์˜ ์žฌ๋‚œ์ด ์•„๋‹์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:38
It turns out this holds true
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์•Œ๊ณ  ๋ณด๋‹ˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๋“ค๋„
04:39
for other species as well.
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๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:41
Wild boar, lynx, moose, they've all returned
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์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๋ฉง๋ผ์ง€, ์Šค๋ผ์†Œ๋‹ˆ, ๋ฌด์Šค๊ฐ€
04:44
to the region in force,
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์ด ์ง€์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:46
the very real, very negative effects of radiation
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์ด ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ๋ณด๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„๋“ค์˜ ๋Œ€ ์ดํƒˆ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ถ•๋ณต์ด
04:49
being trumped by the upside of a mass exodus
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์˜์‹ฌ์˜ ์—ฌ์ง€์—†์ด ํ•ด๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ๋Šฅ๋ณด๋‹ค
04:53
of humans.
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๊ฐ•ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:55
The dead zone, it turns out, is full of life.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ฃฝ์Œ์˜ ๊ตฌ์—ญ์€ ์ƒ๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ฐจ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:59
And there is a kind of heroic resilience,
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์ƒˆ๋ฒฝ 5์‹œ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์„œ
05:02
a kind of plain-spoken pragmatism to those
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์šฐ๋ฌผ์—์„œ ๋ฌผ์„ ๊ธท๊ณ 
05:05
who start their day at 5 a.m.
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๋ฐค 12์‹œ์— ์ž ์ž๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ์„œ
05:08
pulling water from a well
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์ผ์ข…์˜ ์˜์›…๊ฐ™์€ ์ธ๋‚ด์‹ฌ๊ณผ
05:10
and end it at midnight
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๊พธ๋ฐˆ์—†๋Š” ํ˜„์‹ค์„ฑ์ด ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:12
poised to beat a bucket with a stick
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ง‰๋Œ€๊ธฐ๋กœ ์–‘๋™์ด๋ฅผ ๋‘๋“ค๊ฒจ์„œ
05:14
and scare off wild boar that might mess with their potatoes,
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๊ฐ์ž๋ฅผ ํ›”์ณ๋จน๋Š” ๋ฉง๋ผ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‚ด์ซ“์„ ๊ฐ์˜ค๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:17
their only company a bit of homemade moonshine vodka.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์œ ์ผํ•œ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ง์ ‘ ๋งŒ๋“  ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฐ€์ฃผ ๋ณด๋“œ์นด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:22
And there's a patina of simple defiance among them.
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๊ทธ๋“คํ•œํ…Œ์„œ ํˆฌ๋ฐ•ํ•œ ์ €ํ•ญ์˜ ํž˜์ด ๋Š๊ปด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:25
"They told us our legs would hurt, and they do. So what?"
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"์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„ํ”Œ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์•„ํ”„๋„ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ญ?"
05:29
I mean, what about their health?
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์€ ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
05:31
The benefits of hardy, physical living,
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๋ชธ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ์‚ถ์˜ ์ด์ ๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
05:34
but an environment made toxic
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„์ง๋„ ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š”
05:35
by a complicated, little-understood enemy, radiation.
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๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ๋Šฅ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ฌ˜ํ•œ ์ ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์˜ค์—ผ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:39
It's incredibly difficult to parse.
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๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:41
Health studies from the region
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์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๋ณด๊ฑด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค์€
05:43
are conflicting and fraught.
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๋ชจ์ˆœ์ด ๋งŽ๊ณ  ํ—ท๊ฐˆ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:46
The World Health Organization
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ณด๊ฑด ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
05:47
puts the number of Chernobyl-related deaths
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์ฒด๋ฅด๋…ธ๋นŒ ๊ด€๋ จ ์‚ฌ๋ง์ž๋Š”
05:50
at 4,000, eventually.
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4,000๋ช…์— ์ด๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:52
Greenpeace and other organizations
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๊ทธ๋ฆฐํ”ผ์Šค ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋‹จ์ฒด๋“ค์€
05:55
put that number in the tens of thousands.
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์ˆ˜๋งŒ๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:58
Now everybody agrees that thyroid cancers
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์ด์ œ๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ‘์ƒ์„ ์•” ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘๋ฅ ์ด ์•„์ฃผ ๋†’๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ
06:01
are sky high, and that Chernobyl evacuees
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06:04
suffer the trauma of relocated peoples everywhere:
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์—ฌ๋Š ์žฌ์ •์ฐฉ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ๊ฒช๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ •์‹ ์  ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์„ ๊ฒช๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋™์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:07
higher levels of anxiety, depression, alcoholism,
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๊ทน์‹ฌํ•œ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ๊ฐ, ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ, ์•Œ์ฝ”์˜ฌ ์ค‘๋…,
06:10
unemployment and, importantly,
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์‹ค์—…, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํŠนํžˆ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ
06:12
disrupted social networks.
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์‚ฌํšŒ๋ง ๋ถ„์—ด ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:15
Now, like many of you,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ณ„์‹œ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ„๋“ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
06:18
I have moved maybe 20, 25 times in my life.
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์ €๋„ ์‚ด๋ฉด์„œ ํ•œ 20, 25๋ฒˆ ์ •๋„ ์ด์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:22
Home is a transient concept.
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์ง‘์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ์‹œ์ ์ธ ๊ฐœ๋…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:26
I have a deeper connection to my laptop
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์ œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋•…๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š”
06:28
than any bit of soil.
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์ œ ๋…ธํŠธ๋ถ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋” ๊ฐ•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์›ƒ์Œ)
06:32
So it's hard for us to understand, but home
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ํž˜๋“ค์ง€๋งŒ
06:35
is the entire cosmos of the rural babushka,
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์‹œ๊ณจ ๋ฐ”๋ถ€์Šค์นด๋“คํ•œํ…Œ ์ง‘์€ ์ „ ์šฐ์ฃผ๋‚˜ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 
06:38
and connection to the land is palpable.
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๊ณ ํ–ฅ ๋•…๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ์ฒด๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๋งŒํผ ํ™•์‹คํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:41
And perhaps because these Ukrainian women
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์†Œ๋ จ ์น˜ํ•˜์—์„œ ๋ฐ›์€ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ
06:43
were schooled under the Soviets
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๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„ ์‹œ์— ์ •ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ์ธ์ง€
06:45
and versed in the Russian poets,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฉ์–ธ๋“ค์ด
06:47
aphorisms about these ideas
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์ด ์šฐํฌ๋ผ์ด๋‚˜ ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์˜
06:49
slip from their mouths all the time.
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์ž…์—์„œ ์ˆ ์ˆ  ๋‚˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:51
"If you leave, you die."
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"๋– ๋‚˜๋ฉด ์ฃฝ๋Š”๋‹ค."
06:54
"Those who left are worse off now.
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"๋– ๋‚œ ์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋Š” ๋” ์•ˆ ์ข‹๋‹ค.
06:56
They are dying of sadness."
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์Šฌํ””์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ฃฝ์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค."
06:58
"Motherland is motherland. I will never leave."
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"๋ชจ๊ตญ์€ ๋ชจ๊ตญ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ ˆ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋– ๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค."
07:02
What sounds like faith, soft faith,
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๋‘๋ฆฌ๋ญ‰์‹คํ•œ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ง๋“ค์ด
07:05
may actually be fact,
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์˜ˆ์ƒ์น˜ ๋ชปํ•œ ์ง„์‹ค ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
07:09
because the surprising truth --
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:10
I mean, there are no studies, but the truth seems to be
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์—†์ง€๋งŒ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์ง„์‹ค์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:13
that these women who returned to their homes
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์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์˜จ ํ›„ 27๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ
07:15
and have lived on some of the most radioactive land
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์ง€๊ตฌ ์ƒ์—์„œ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ๋Šฅ ์˜ค์—ผ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์‹ฌํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ ์ค‘์˜ ํ•œ ๊ณณ์—์„œ
07:17
on Earth for the last 27 years,
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์‚ด์•„์˜จ ์ด ์—ฌ์ž๋ถ„๋“ค์ด
07:19
have actually outlived their counterparts
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์žฌ์ •์ฐฉํ•œ ์ด์›ƒ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค
07:22
who accepted relocation,
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๋” ์žฅ์ˆ˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:24
by some estimates up to 10 years.
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์–ด๋–ค ์ถ”์ธก์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด 10๋…„์ด๋‚˜ ๋” ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์‚ด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:28
How could this be?
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
07:30
Here's a theory: Could it be
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์ด๋ก ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:32
that those ties to ancestral soil,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฉ์–ธ์— ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๋‘๋ฆฌ๋ญ‰์‹คํ•œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์ธ
07:35
the soft variables reflected in their aphorisms,
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์„ ์กฐ์˜ ๋•…๊ณผ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
07:37
actually affect longevity?
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์žฅ์ˆ˜์— ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹๊นŒ์š”?
07:40
The power of motherland
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๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š”
07:42
so fundamental to that part of the world
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๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘์š”์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๊ตญ์˜ ํž˜์ด
07:45
seems palliative.
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๊ณ ํ†ต์„ ์™„ํ™”์‹œ์ผœ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:46
Home and community are forces
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์ง‘๊ณผ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ๋Šฅ๊ณผ๋„
07:49
that rival even radiation.
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๋งž๋จน๋Š” ํž˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:53
Now radiation or not,
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๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ๋Šฅ์ด ์žˆ๋“  ๋ง๋“ 
07:56
these women are at the end of their lives.
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์ด ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ์‚ถ์˜ ๋์ž๋ฝ์— ๋‹ค๋‹ค๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:58
In the next decade, the zone's human residents will be gone,
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๋‹ค์Œ ์‹ญ๋…„ ์ด๋‚ด์— ์ด ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ณ 
08:02
and it will revert to a wild, radioactive place,
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์ด๊ณณ์€ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ๋Šฅ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ค์—ผ๋œ ์•ผ์ƒ์˜ ๋•…์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
08:07
full only of animals and occasionally
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์ด๊ณณ์—๋Š” ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค๋งŒ์ด ๋„˜์ณ๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
08:10
daring, flummoxed scientists.
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๊ฐ€๋”์”ฉ์€ ์ด ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๊ป˜๋ผ๋ฅผ ํ’€๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๋Œ€๋‹ดํ•œ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์˜ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:13
But the spirit and existence of the babushkas,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋…€์˜จ ํ›„ 3๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ
08:16
whose numbers have been halved
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๋ฐ”๋ถ€์Šค์นด์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ค„์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:18
in the three years I've known them,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋ถ„๋“ค์˜ ์ •์‹ ๊ณผ ์กด์žฌ๋Š”
08:20
will leave us with powerful new templates
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊นŠ์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ
08:22
to think about and grapple with,
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ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๋ณธ๋ณด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ๋‘ก๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:24
about the relative nature of risk,
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์œ„ํ—˜์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ,
08:28
about transformative connections to home,
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์ƒ๋ช…์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ง‘๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„,
08:31
and about the magnificent tonic
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž๊ธฐ ์ฃผ์ฒด์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ž๊ธฐ ์˜์ง€์˜
08:35
of personal agency and self-determination.
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๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์น˜์œ ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:39
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:41
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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