The hidden ways stairs shape your life | Small Thing Big Idea, a TED series

179,295 views ใƒป 2018-11-03

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Translator: Krystian Aparta Reviewer: Camille Martรญnez
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ืชืจื’ื•ื: noam vaizel ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Ido Dekkers
00:12
I think stairs may be
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช
00:14
one of the most emotionally malleable physical elements
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืืœืžื ื˜ื™ื ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื’ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืจื’ืฉื™ืช
00:19
that an architect has to work with.
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ืฉืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืื™ืชื•.
00:21
[Small thing. Big idea.]
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[ื“ื‘ืจ ืงื˜ืŸ , ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ]
00:24
[David Rockwell on the Stairs]
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ื“ื•ื™ื“ ืจื•ืงื”ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช
00:27
At its most basic, a stair is a way to get from point A to point B
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ื‘ืžื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™, ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืš ืœื”ื’ื™ืข
ืžื ืงื•ื“ื” ื' ืœื ืงื•ื“ื” ื‘'
00:31
at different elevations.
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ื‘ื’ื‘ื”ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
00:32
Stairs have a common language.
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ืœืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืฉืคื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช.
00:35
Treads, which is the thing that you walk on.
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ืฉืœื—, ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืืชื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืขืœื™ื•.
00:38
Riser, which is the vertical element that separates the two treads.
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ืจื•ื, ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืืœืžื ื˜ ื”ืื ื›ื™ ืฉืžืคืจื™ื“ ืฉื ื™ ืžืฉืœื—ื™ื.
00:42
A lot of stairs have nosings that create a kind of edge.
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ืœื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืืคื™ื , ืฉื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืงืฆื”.
00:45
And then, the connected piece is a stringer.
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ื•ืื–, ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ ื ืงืจื ืงื•ืจื”.
00:49
Those pieces, in different forms, make up all stairs.
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ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ื”ืœืœื• , ื‘ืชืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช.
00:53
I assume stairs came to be from the first time someone said,
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ืื ื™ ืžืขืจื™ืš ืฉื”ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื”ื•ืžืฆืื• ื‘ืจื’ืข ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืืžืจ,
00:56
"I want to get to this higher rock from the lower rock."
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"ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืกืœืข ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื”ื–ื” ืžืกืœืข ื ืžื•ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ."
00:59
People climbed using whatever was available:
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื˜ื™ืคืกื• ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื–ืžื™ืŸ:
01:01
stepped logs, ladders
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ื‘ื•ืœื™ ืขืฅ , ืกื•ืœืžื•ืช
01:04
and natural pathways that were worn over time.
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ื•ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉื ืฉื—ืงื• ืขื ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืœืฃ.
01:06
Some of the earliest staircases, like the pyramids in Chichรฉn Itzรก
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ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื‘ืคืจืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืฆ'ื™ืฆ'ืŸ ืื™ืฆื”
01:10
or the roads to Mount Tai in China,
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ืื• ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื”ืจ ืชืื™ ื‘ืกื™ืŸ,
01:12
were a means of getting to a higher elevation,
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ื”ื™ื• ืืžืฆืขื™ ืœืขืœื™ื” ืœืžืงื•ื ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ,
01:15
which people sought for worship or for protection.
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ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื• ืื•ืชื• ื›ืžืงื•ื ืœืกื’ื™ื“ื” ืื• ืœื”ื’ื ื”.
01:18
As engineering has evolved, so has what's practical.
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ื›ืฉื”ื”ื ื“ืกื” ื”ืชืคืชื—ื” ,ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืขืฉื™.
01:22
Stairs can be made from all kinds of material.
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ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื .
01:25
There are linear stairs, there are spiraled stairs.
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ื™ืฉื ื ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจื•ืช, ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ืกืคื™ืจืœื™ื•ืช.
01:27
Stairs can be indoors, they can be outdoors.
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ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืคื ื™ื, ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ.
01:30
They clearly help us in an emergency.
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ื”ืŸ ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืขื•ื–ืจื•ืช ืœื ื• ื‘ืฉืขืช ื—ื™ืจื•ื.
01:32
But they're also a form of art in and of themselves.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื’ื ืชืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืืžื ื•ืช ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžืŸ.
01:40
As we move across a stairway,
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ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ืขื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช,
01:42
the form dictates our pacing, our feeling, our safety
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ืฆื•ืจืชืŸ ืžื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ืืช ื”ืงืฆื‘, ื”ื”ืจื’ืฉื”, ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
01:47
and our relationship and engagement with the space around us.
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ืืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื•ืืช ื”ืžืคื’ืฉ ืฉืœื ื• ืขื ื”ื—ืœืœ ืฉืกื‘ื™ื‘ื ื•.
01:51
So for a second, think about stepping down a gradual, monumental staircase
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ืื– ืœืจื’ืข, ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื ื™ื•ืจื“ื™ื ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ืขื•ืฆืžืชื™ื•ืช
01:56
like the one in front of the New York Public Library.
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ื›ืžื• ื”ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง.
01:59
From those steps,
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ืžื”ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•,
02:00
you have a view of the street and all the people around you,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืžื‘ื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื•ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื›ื,
02:03
and your walk is slow and steady because the tread is so wide.
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ื•ื”ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ืฉืœื›ื ืื™ื˜ื™ืช ื•ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื” ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืฉืœื— ื›ื” ืจื—ื‘.
02:07
That's a totally different experience
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉื•ื ื” ืœื’ืžืจื™ื™
02:10
than going down the narrow staircase to, say, an old pub,
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ืžืืฉืจ ืœืจื“ืช ื‘ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ืฆืจื•ืช ืืœ, ื‘ื•ื ื ื’ื™ื“, ืคืื‘ ื™ืฉืŸ,
02:13
where you spill into the room.
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ืฉื ืืชื ื ืฉืคื›ื™ื ืืœ ืชื•ืš ื”ื—ื“ืจ.
02:14
There, you encounter tall risers, so you move more quickly.
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ืฉื , ืืชื ื ืคื’ืฉื™ื ืขื ืจื•ืžื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื, ืื– ืืชื ื ืขื™ื ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
02:18
Stairs add enormous drama.
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ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ืžื•ืกื™ืคื•ืช ื“ืจืžื” ืขื ืงื™ืช.
02:20
Think about how stairs signaled a grand entrance
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ืชื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื›ืžื” ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ืžืกืžืœื•ืช ื›ื ื™ืกื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”
02:23
and were the star of that moment.
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ื•ื”ื™ื• ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื• ืจื’ืข.
02:25
Stairs can even be heroic.
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ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ืจื”.
02:27
The staircase that remained standing after September 11th
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ื’ืจื ื”ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ืฉื ื•ืชืจ ืขื•ืžื“ ืื—ืจื™ ื”11 ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ
02:30
and the attack on the World Trade Center
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ื•ื”ื”ืชืงืคื” ืขืœ ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืกื—ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™
02:32
was dubbed the "Survivors' Staircase,"
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ื›ื•ื ื” "ื’ืจื ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื”ื ื™ืฆื•ืœื™ื"
02:34
because it played such a central role in leading hundreds of people to safety.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื–ื” ืฉื™ื—ืง ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื›ื” ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ื”ื•ื‘ืœืช ืžืื•ืช ืื ืฉื™ื ืœืื™ื–ื•ืจ ืžื•ื’ืŸ.
02:39
But small stairs can have a huge impact, too.
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ืืš ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืจื‘ื”, ื’ื.
02:41
The stoop is a place that invites neighbors to gather,
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ืžืจืคืกืช ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื” ื”ื™ื ืžืงื•ื ืฉืžื–ืžื™ืŸ ืฉื›ื ื™ื ืœื”ืชืงื‘ืฅ ื™ื—ื“,
02:44
blast music, and watch the city in motion.
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ืœื”ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” , ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ื‘ืชื ื•ืขื”.
02:48
It's fascinating to me that you see people wanting to hang out on the stairs.
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ื–ื” ืžื“ื”ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจื™ ืฉืจื•ืื™ื ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื‘ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช.
02:51
I think they fill a deeply human need we have
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื™ืฆืจ ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืขืžื•ืง ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื•
02:56
to inhabit a space more than just on the ground plane.
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ืœืื›ืœืก ืžืงื•ื ืขืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืกืชื ืงืจืงืข ืžื™ืฉื•ืจื™ืช.
03:00
And so if you're able to sit halfway up there,
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ื•ืื ืืชื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืžืขืœื”,
ืืชื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ื ืงืกื•ื.
03:05
you're in a kind of magical place.
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ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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