Gabriel Barcia-Colombo: My DNA vending machine

65,987 views ใƒป 2014-03-06

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Ido Dekkers ืžื‘ืงืจ: Tal Dekkers
00:12
This is a vending machine in Los Angeles.
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ื–ื• ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืžืžื›ืจ ื‘ืœื•ืก ืื ื’'ืœืก.
00:14
It's in a shopping mall, and it sells fish eggs.
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ื”ื™ื ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืงื ื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื™ื ืžื•ื›ืจืช ื‘ื™ืฆื™ ื“ื’ื™ื.
00:17
It's a caviar-vending machine.
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ื–ื• ืžื›ื•ื ืช ืžืžื›ืจ ืงื•ื•ื™ืืจ.
00:21
This is the Art-o-mat, an art-vending machine
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ื–ื• ืืจื˜-ืื•-ืžื˜,
ืžื›ื•ื ืช ืžืžื›ืจ ืื•ืžื ื•ืช ืฉืžื•ื›ืจืช
00:23
that sells small artistic creations by different artists,
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ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช ืื•ืžื ื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืื•ืžื ื™ื,
00:26
usually on small wood blocks or matchboxes, in limited edition.
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืขืœ ืงื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืขืฅ ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ืื• ืงื•ืคืกืื•ืช ื’ืคืจื•ืจื™ื,
ื‘ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช.
00:30
This is Oliver Medvedik.
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ื–ื” ืื•ืœื™ื‘ืจ ืžื“ื‘ื“ื™ืง, ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžื›ื•ื ืช ืžืžื›ืจ,
00:31
He is not a vending machine, but he is one of the founders of Genspace,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ืžื™ื™ืกื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ื ืกืคื™ื™ืก,
ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ืžืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืจื•ืงืœื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง,
00:35
a community biolab in Brooklyn, New York,
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ืฉื ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ื•ื ื•ืœืงื—ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื
00:37
where anybody can go and take classes
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ื•ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืื™ืš ืœื’ื“ืœ ืื™ ืงื•ืœื™ ืฉื–ื•ื”ืจื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืฉืš
00:38
and learn how to do things like grow E. coli that glows in the dark
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ืื• ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืื™ืš ืœืงื—ืช DNA ืฉืœ ืชื•ืช ืฉื“ื”.
00:42
or learn how to take strawberry DNA.
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00:43
In fact, I saw Oliver do one of these strawberry DNA extractions
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืจืื™ืชื™ ืืช ืื•ืœื™ื‘ืจ ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ืื—ื“ ืžืžื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ ื”DNA ืฉืœ ืชื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ื” ื‘ืขืจืš,
00:46
about a year ago, and this is what led me into this bizarre path
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืžื•ื–ืจ
ืฉืื ื™ ืื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื• ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
00:50
that I'm going to talk to you right now.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื” DNA ืฉืœ ืชื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื‘ืืžืช ืžืจืชืง, ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื™ืคื”.
00:51
Strawberry DNA is really fascinating, because it's so beautiful.
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ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืขืœ DNA ื›ืžืฉื”ื• ื™ืคื” ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ,
00:55
I'd never thought about DNA being a beautiful thing before,
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืจืื™ืชื™ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื–ื•.
00:57
before I saw it in this form.
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ื•ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœืช ื”ืื•ืžื ื•ืช,
00:59
A lot of people, especially in the art community,
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ืœื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ืข ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื•.
01:01
don't necessarily engage in science in this way.
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ืžื™ื™ื“ ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคืชื™ ืœื’ืจื™ื ืกืคื™ื™ืก ืื—ืจื™ ื–ื”,
01:03
I instantly joined Genspace after this,
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ื•ืฉืืœืชื™ ืืช ืื•ืœื™ื‘ืจ, "ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ืขื ืชื•ืชื™ื,
01:05
and asked Oliver, "If we can do this with strawberries,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื’ื ืขื ืื ืฉื™ื?"
ื•ื‘ืขืจืš 10 ื“ืงื•ืช ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื•
01:08
can we do this with people?"
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01:09
About 10 minutes later, we were both spitting in vials,
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ืกื•ื‘ื‘ื ื• ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืžื‘ื—ื ื•ืช ื™ื—ื“ ื•ื”ื’ืขื ื•
ืœืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืงื•ืœ ืœืžื™ืฆื•ื™ DNA ืื ื•ืฉื™.
01:12
coming up with a protocol for human DNA extraction.
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ื•ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื™,
01:14
I started doing this on my own.
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ื•ื›ื›ื” ื‘ืขืฆื ื ืจืื” DNA.
01:16
This is what my DNA actually looks like.
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืžืกื™ื‘ืช ืืจื•ื—ืช ืขืจื‘ ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื™ื, ื›ืžื” ืื•ืžื ื™ื ื—ื‘ืจื™ื,
01:18
And I was at a dinner party with some artist friends,
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ื•ืกื™ืคืจืชื™ ืœื”ื ืขืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื–ื”,
01:21
and I was telling them about this project,
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ื•ื”ื ืœื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ื‘ืขืฆื ืœืจืื•ืช DNA.
01:23
and they couldn't believe that you could actually see DNA.
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01:25
So I said, all right, let's get out some supplies right now.
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ืื– ืืžืจืชื™, ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื•ืฆื™ื ืฆื™ื•ื“ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
ื•ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืจื•ื—ื•ืช ืขืจื‘ ืžื•ื–ืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืขืจื‘ื™ ืฉื™ืฉื™
01:28
And I started having these bizarre dinner parties on Friday nights,
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ืฉื ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืื™ื
01:31
where people would come over and we'd do DNA extractions,
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืžืฆื™ื DNA,
01:34
and I would capture them on video,
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžืฆืœื ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ื•ื™ื“ืื•,
ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื–ื” ื™ืฆืจ ื’ื ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืคื•ืจื˜ืจื˜ื™ื ืžื•ื–ืจื™ื.
01:36
because it created this kind of funny portrait as well.
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01:38
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
ืืœื ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืœื
01:41
These are people who don't necessarily regularly engage with science.
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ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ืข ื‘ื›ืœืœ.
01:44
You can kind of tell from their reactions.
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื–ื” ืžื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
01:47
(Laughter)
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01:48
But they became fascinated by it,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื”ื•ืงืกืžื• ืžืžื ื•,
01:50
and it was really exciting for me to see them get excited about science.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืžืฉ ืžืจื’ืฉ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ืื•ืชื
ืžืชืจื’ืฉื™ื ืžืžื“ืข.
01:53
And so I started doing this regularly.
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ืื– ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ.
01:56
(Laughter)
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ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื“ื™ ืžื•ื–ืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืขืจื‘ื™ ืฉื™ืฉื™,
01:57
It's an odd thing to do with your Friday nights,
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช,
02:00
but this is what I started doing.
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ื•ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืืกื•ืฃ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœืžื”
02:01
I started collecting a whole group of my friends' DNA in small vials
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ืฉืœ DNA ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื‘ื—ื ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช
ื•ืœืงื˜ืœื’ ืื•ืชื.
02:04
and categorizing them.
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ื›ื›ื” ื–ื” ื ืจืื”.
02:06
This is what that looked like.
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ื•ื–ื” ื’ืจื ืœื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื›ืžื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
02:07
And it started to make me think about a couple of things.
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ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ืงื™ืจ ื”ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง ืฉืœื™.
02:10
First, this looked a lot like my Facebook wall.
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ืื– ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช,, ื™ืฆืจืชื™ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืงื™ืจ ื’ื ื˜ื™,
02:12
So in a way, I created sort of a genetic social network.
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ืจืฉืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื’ื ื˜ื™ืช, ื‘ืืžืช.
02:15
And the second thing was,
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ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ื™ื”, ืคืขื ืื—ืช ื—ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื™ ื‘ื
02:16
one time a friend came over and looked at this on my table
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ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ื–ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืฉืœื™ ื•ื”ื™ื” ื›ืื™ืœื•, "ื”ื•,
02:19
and was like, "Uh ... why are they numbered?
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ืœืžื” ื”ื ืžืžื•ืกืคืจื™ื? ื”ืื“ื ื”ื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ื“ื™ืจ ืžื”ื”ื•ื?"
02:22
Is this person more rare than the other one?"
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืขืœ ื–ื”.
02:24
And I hadn't even thought about that.
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ื”ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ื™ื• ืžืžืกื•ืคืจื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืกื“ืจ ืฉืžื™ืฆื™ืชื™ ืื•ืชื.
02:26
They were just numbered
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02:27
because that was the order that I extracted the DNA in.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื’ืจื ืœื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืฆืขืฆื•ืขื™ ืืกืคื ื•ืช,
02:29
But that made me think about collecting toys,
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ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื•
02:32
and what's going on right now in the toy world with blind box toys,
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ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฆืขืฆื•ืขื™ื ืขื ืฆืขืฆื•ืขื™ ืงื•ืคืกื” ืกื’ื•ืจื™ื,
ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœืืกื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ืฆืขืฆื•ืขื™ื ื”ื™ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
02:35
and being able to collect these rare toys.
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ืืชื ืงื•ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืงื•ืคืกืื•ืช ื”ืืœื•, ืืชื ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ืžื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืชื•ื›ืŸ.
02:37
You buy these boxes, but aren't sure what's going to be inside.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื–, ื›ืฉืืชื ืคื•ืชื—ื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ,
02:40
But when you open them, you have different rarities of the toys.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ื ื“ื™ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฆืขืฆื•ืขื™ื.
ืื– ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉื–ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ.
02:43
I thought that was interesting; I thought about this
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ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื•ืขืœ ืžื›ื•ื ืช ืžื›ื™ืจืช ื”ืงื•ื•ื™ืืจ ื•ื”ืืจื˜-ืื•-ืžื˜ื™ืง ื‘ื™ื—ื“,
02:45
and the caviar vending machine and the Art-o-mat all together.
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ื•ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ื›ืœืฉื”ื™, ืฆื™ื™ืจืชื™ ืœื™ืœื” ืื—ื“ ืžื›ื•ื ืช ืžืžื›ืจ,
02:48
And for some reason, I was one night drawing a vending machine,
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ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืขืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฆื™ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืžื›ื•ื ืช ืžืžื›ืจ,
02:51
thinking of doing paintings of a vending machine.
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ื•ื”ืžื‘ื—ื ื” ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ืฉืœ ื” DNA ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื,
ื•ืจืื™ืชื™ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ
02:54
The vial of my DNA was sitting there,
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ื’ื“ื™ืœื™ ื” DNA ื•ื”ืกืœื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื›ื•ื ืช ื”ืžืžื›ืจ.
02:56
and I saw a beautiful collaboration between the strands of DNA
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02:58
and the coils of a vending machine.
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ื•ื›ืš, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืชืงื ืช ืื•ืžื ื•ืช
03:00
So I decided to create an art installation called the DNA Vending Machine.
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ืฉื ืงืจืช ืžื›ื•ื ืช ืžืžื›ืจ ื” DNA.
ื”ื ื” ื”ื™ื.
03:04
Here it is.
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(ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”)
03:05
(Music)
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03:10
[DNA Vending Machine is an art installation
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["ืžื›ื•ื ืช ืžืžื›ืจ DNA ื”ื™ื ื”ืชืงื ืช ืื•ืžื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ื’ื•ื‘ืจืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”"]
03:12
about our increasing access to biotechnology.]
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03:14
(Music)
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03:19
[For a reasonable cost, you can purchase a sample of human DNA
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["ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื—ื™ืจ ืกื‘ื™ืจ, ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ื“ื•ื’ืžื™ืช
03:22
from a traditional vending machine.]
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ืฉืœ DNA ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืžืžื›ื•ื ืช ืžืžื›ืจ ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ืช"]
03:26
(Music)
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["ื›ืœ ื“ื•ื’ืžื™ืช ืžื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืืจื™ื–ื” ืขื ืคื•ืจื˜ืจื˜
03:45
[Each sample comes packaged
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03:46
with a collectible limited edition portrait of the human specimen.]
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ืืกืคื ื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื” ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™."]
03:50
(Music)
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["ืžื›ื•ื ืช ืžืžื›ืจ ื” DNA ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกืช
03:55
[DNA Vending Machine treats DNA as a collectible material
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ืœ DNA ื›ื—ื•ืžืจ ืืกืคื ื•ืช ื•ืžื•ืฆื™ืื” ืืœ ื”ืื•ืจ
03:58
and brings to light legal issues over the ownership of DNA.]
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ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ DNA."]
04:00
(Music ends)
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ื’ื‘ืจื™ืืœ ื’ืจืกื™ื” ืงื•ืœื•ืžื‘ื•: ืื– ืžื›ื•ื”ืช ืžืžื›ืจ ื” DNA
04:05
Gabriel Barcia-Colombo:
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04:06
The DNA Vending Machine is currently in a couple of galleries in New York,
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ื ืžืฆืืช ื›ืจื’ืข ื‘ื›ืžื” ื’ืœืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง,
ื•ื ื™ื ื ืžื›ืจืช ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘, ืœืžืขืฉื”.
04:10
and it's selling out pretty well.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ 100 ื—ืชื™ื›ื•ืช,
04:11
We're in the first edition of 100 pieces,
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ืžืงื•ื•ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžื”ื“ื•ืจื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘.
04:13
hoping to do another edition pretty soon.
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื›ื ืก ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืื‘ ืžื˜ืจื•,
04:15
I'd like to get it into more of a metro hub,
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ื›ืžื• ื’ืจืื ื“ ืกื ื˜ืจืœ ืื• ืชื—ื ืช ืคืŸ,
04:17
like Grand Central or Penn Station,
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ืžืžืฉ ืœื™ื“ ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืื—ืจื•ืช, ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืžืžื›ืจ ืืžื™ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ืงื•ื ื”ื”ื•ื.
04:19
next to some of the other vending machines in that location.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืืžืช ืขื ื”ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื–ื” ื•ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ ื”ืื•ืžื ื•ืช ืฉืœื™
04:22
But really, with this and a lot of my art projects,
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืงื”ืœ ืฉืืœื”, ื•ื”ื™ื,
04:24
I want to ask the audience a question:
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ื›ืฉื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื•ืจื™ืฆื•ืฃ DNA
04:26
When biotechnology and DNA sequencing becomes as cheap as, say, laser cutting
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ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœื–ื•ืœื™ื ื›ืžื•, ื ื’ื™ื“, ื—ื™ืชื•ืš ื‘ืœื™ื™ื–ืจ
04:30
or 3D printing or buying caviar from a vending machine,
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ืื• ื”ื“ืคืกื” ืชืœืช ืžื™ืžื“ื™ืช ืื• ืงื ื™ื™ืช ืงื•ื•ื™ืืจ ืžืžื›ื•ื ืช ืžืžื›ืจ,
04:34
will you submit your sample of DNA to be part of the vending machine?
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ื”ืื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืชืฉืœื—ื• ืืช ื“ื•ื’ืžื™ืช ื” DNA ืฉืœื›ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืœืง ืžืžื›ื•ื ืช ืžืžื›ืจ?
ื•ื›ืžื” ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื™ื”ื™ื• ืฉื•ื•ืช?
04:37
How much will these samples be worth?
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ื•ื”ืื ืชืงื ื• ื“ื•ื’ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ?
04:39
Will you buy someone else's sample?
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04:41
And what will you be able to do with that sample?
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ื•ืžื” ืชื”ื™ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื™ืช ื”ื”ื™ื?
ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
04:45
Thank you.
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04:46
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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