Ricardo Semler: Radical wisdom for a company, a school, a life

Prevoditelj: Senzos Osijek Recezent: Mislav Ante Omazić - EFZG

On Mondays and Thursdays, I learn how to die.

Ponedjeljkom i četvrtkom učim kako umrijeti.

I call them my terminal days.

Nazivam ih svojim terminalnim danima.

My wife Fernanda doesn't like the term,

Mojoj supruzi Fernandi se ne sviđa taj naziv,

but a lot of people in my family died of melanoma cancer

ali više članova moje obitelji umrlo je od raka kože,

and my parents and grandparents had it.

a imali su ga i moji roditelji i djedovi.

And I kept thinking, one day I could be sitting in front of a doctor

I tako sam mislio, jednog dana bi ja mogao sjediti ispred liječnika

who looks at my exams and says,

koji će pogledati moje nalaze i reći,

"Ricardo, things don't look very good.

"Ricardo, stvari ne izgledaju najbolje.

You have six months or a year to live."

Ostalo vam je šest mjeseci do godinu dana života."

And you start thinking about what you would do with this time.

I vi počinjete razmišljati što biste napravili s tim vremenom.

And you say, "I'm going to spend more time with the kids.

I kažete si, "Provest ću više vremena s djecom

I'm going to visit these places,

otići ću na te destinacije,

I'm going to go up and down mountains and places

ići ću gore dolje planinama i vrletima

and I'm going to do all the things I didn't do when I had the time."

i napravit ću sve one stvari koje nisam dok sam imao vremena."

But of course, we all know

No, naravno, svi znamo

these are very bittersweet memories we're going to have.

sjećanje na ovo imat će gorak okus.

It's very difficult to do.

To je jako teško napraviti

You spend a good part of the time crying, probably.

Provest ćete najveći dio vremena plačući, najvjerojatnije.

So I said, I'm going to do something else.

Zato sam rekao, ja ću napraviti nešto drugo.

Every Monday and Thursday, I'm going use my terminal days.

Svakog ponedjeljka i četvrtka iskoristiti ću svoje terminalne dane.

And I will do, during those days,

I ja ću tijekom tih dana raditi

whatever it is I was going to do if I had received that piece of news.

sve ono što bi napravio da su mi priopćili takvu vijest.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

When you think about --

Kad mislimo o –

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

when you think about the opposite of work,

Kad mislimo o tome što je suprotno radu,

we, many times, think it's leisure.

mi, više puta, mislimo kako je to odmor.

And you say, ah, I need some leisure time, and so forth.

I onda si kažete, kako trebate slobodnog vremena za odmor, i tome slično.

But the fact is that, leisure is a very busy thing.

Ali činjenica je kako smo u slobodno vrijeme jako zaposleni.

You go play golf and tennis, and you meet people,

Igramo golf i tenis, susrećemo druge ljude,

and you're going for lunch, and you're late for the movies.

idemo s nekim na ručak, i ostajemo do kasno uz film.

It's a very crowded thing that we do.

Radimo cijelo čudo stvari.

The opposite of work is idleness.

Suprotno od rada je lijenost.

But very few of us know what to do with idleness.

Ali jako mali broj nas zna što bi s lijenosti.

When you look at the way that we distribute our lives in general,

Ako gledate da mi na neki način svoj život općenito raspodjeljujemo,

you realize that in the periods in which we have a lot of money,

onda shvatite da u razdobljima kad imate puno novaca

we have very little time.

imate jako malo vremena.

And then when we finally have time, we have neither the money nor the health.

I onda, kad konačno imamo vremena, više nemamo ni novaca ni zdravlja.

So we started thinking about that as a company for the last 30 years.

Pa smo tako mi kao kompanija počeli razmišljati o tome prije nekih 30 godina.

This is a complicated company with thousands of employees,

Mi smo komplicirana kompanija s tisućama zaposlenih

hundreds of millions of dollars of business

i stotinama milijuna dolara investicija

that makes rocket fuel propellent systems, runs 4,000 ATMs in Brazil,

što nas čini sustavom na raketni pogon, imamo 4.000 bankomata u Brazilu

does income tax preparation for dozens of thousands.

pripremamo porezna izvješća za nekoliko desetaka tisuća ljudi.

So this is not a simple business.

Dakle to nije jednostavan posao.

We looked at it and we said,

U nekom trenutku smo ga pogledali i rekli

let's devolve to these people, let's give these people a company

idemo se vratiti tim ljudima dajmo tim ljudima kompaniju

where we take away all the boarding school aspects

iz koje ćemo izuzeti sve one knjiški dosadne aspekte

of, this is when you arrive, this is how you dress,

kao što su, tada trebate doći, tako se trebate oblačiti,

this is how you go to meetings, this is what you say,

tako trebate ići na sastanke, to trebate reći,

this is what you don't say,

ovo ne smijete reći,

and let's see what's left.

pa da vidimo što će ostati.

So we started this about 30 years ago,

S tim smo počeli prije nekih 30 godina

and we started dealing with this very issue.

i počeli smo se nositi s tim problemom.

And so we said, look, the retirement,

Rekli smo, vidiš, mirovina,

the whole issue of how we distribute our graph of life.

kompletan problem kako raspoređujemo naš životni graf

Instead of going mountain climbing when you're 82,

Umjesto planinarenja u 82.,

why don't you do it next week?

zašto to ne bi učinili sljedeći tjedan?

And we'll do it like this,

Učinit ćemo to ovako,

we'll sell you back your Wednesdays for 10 percent of your salary.

prodat ćemo vam vaše srijede za 10 posto vaše plaće.

So now, if you were going to be a violinist, which you probably weren't,

Pa tako sada, ako ste htjeli biti violinist, što vjerojatno niste,

you go and do this on Wednesday.

možete to učiniti srijedom.

And what we found --

I što smo otkrili---

we thought, these are the older people

mislili smo kako će stariji ljudi

who are going to be really interested in this program.

biti oni koji će uistinu biti zainteresirani za ovaj program.

And the average age of the first people who adhered

A prosječna životna dob prvih ljudi koji su ovo odabrali

were 29, of course.

And so we started looking,

bila je 29, naravno.

I tako smo počeli promatrati,

and we said, we have to do things in a different way.

i rekli smo si, moramo čini stvari na drugačiji način.

So we started saying things like,

Pa smo počeli govoriti stvari poput,

why do we want to know what time you came to work,

zašto bi htjeli znati u koje vrijeme ste došli na posao,

what time you left, etc.?

kada ste otišli, itd.?

Can't we exchange this for a contract

Možemo li tako što zamjeniti ugovorom

for buying something from you, some kind of work?

gdje ćemo recimo nešto kupiti od vas, recimo neku vrstu posla?

Why are we building these headquarters?

Zašto gradimo ove poslovne zgrade?

Is it not an ego issue that we want to look solid

Nije li to stvar ega jer želimo izgledati uvjerljivo

and big and important?

i veliko i važno?

But we're dragging you two hours across town because of it?

I zato vas navlačimo dva sata kroz cijeli grad?

So we started asking questions one by one.

Zato smo počeli postavljati pitanja jedno za drugim.

We'd say it like this:

Pitali smo se recimo ovakva pitanja:

One: How do we find people?

Prvo: Kako pronalazimo ljude?

We'd go out and try and recruit people and we'd say,

Izašli bi s ponudom i pokušali unovačiti ljude pa bi im rekli,

look, when you come to us,

vidite, kad dođete k nama

we're not going to have two or three interviews

mi vas nećemo provući kroz dva ili tri intervjua

and then you're going to be married to us for life.

pa ćete onda biti vjenčani za nas ostatak života.

That's not how we do the rest of our lives.

To nije način na koji mi uređujemo ostatak života.

So, come have your interviews.

Zato, dođete na svoje intervjue.

Anyone who's interested in interviewing, you will show up.

Svatko tko je zainteresiran za intervjuiranje će se pojaviti.

And then we'll see what happens out of the intuition that rises from that,

I onda ćemo vidjeti što će se dogoditi iz intuicije koja će se izroditi iz toga,

instead of just filling out the little items of whether you're the right person.

umjesto da samo ispunjavamo rubrike o tome jeste li vi prava osoba.

And then, come back.

I onda, dođite opet.

Spend an afternoon, spend a whole day, talk to anybody you want.

Provodite poslijepodne, provedite cijeli dan razgovarajući s kim god želite.

Make sure we are the bride you thought we were

Uvjerite se da smo mi mladenka za koju ste mislili da jesmo

and not all the bullshit we put into our own ads.

a ne sva ona sranja koja stavljamo u svoju promidžbu.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

Slowly we went to a process where we'd say things like,

Polako smo ušli u proces u kojem kažemo stvari kao što su,

we don't want anyone to be a leader in the company

ne želimo da itko bude vođa unutar kompanije

if they haven't been interviewed and approved

ako nije bio intervjuiran i potvrđen

by their future subordinates.

od strane onih koje će ubuduće voditi.

Every six months, everyone gets evaluated, anonymously, as a leader.

Svakih 6 mjeseci, svatko bude ocijenjen, anonimno, kao vođa.

And this determines whether they should continue in that leadership position,

I to presuđuje hoće li se zadržati na toj voditeljskoj poziciji

which is many times situational, as you know.

što je mnogo puta situacija, kao što znate.

And so if they don't have 70, 80 percent of a grade, they don't stay,

Pa tako ako ne skupe 70, 80 posto ocjenskih bodova, ne ostaju,

which is probably the reason why I haven't been CEO for more than 10 years.

što je vjerojatno razlog zašto ja nisam bio izvršni direktor više od 10 godina.

And over time, we started asking other questions.

S vremenom smo se počeli pitati druga pitanja.

We said things like,

Recimo pitamo se

why can't people set their own salaries?

zašto si ljudi ne bi mogli sami odrediti plaću?

What do they need to know?

Što za to trebaju znati?

There's only three things you need to know:

Postoje samo tri stvari koje trebate znati:

how much people make inside the company,

koliko ljudi zarađuju unutar kompanije,

how much people make somewhere else in a similar business

koliko ljudi zarađuju negdje drugdje baveći se sličnim poslom,

and how much we make in general to see whether we can afford it.

i koliko mi općenito zarađujemo da vidimo možemo li si to priuštiti?

So let's give people these three pieces of information.

Pa dajmo onda ljudima te tri informacije.

So we started having, in the cafeteria,

Pa smo tako počeli držati, u kafeteriji,

a computer where you could go in and you could ask

računalo u koji uđete i pitate

what someone spent, how much someone makes,

koliko netko troši, koliko netko zarađuje,

what they make in benefits, what the company makes,

kakve imaju pogodnosti,, koliko kompanija zarađuje,

what the margins are, and so forth.

koje su nam margine, i tako dalje.

And this is 25 years ago.

A danas je 25 godina kako

As this information started coming to people,

je ta informacija počela dolaziti ljudima

pa sada možemo reći recimo, ne želimo vidjeti tvoj financijski izvještaj,

we said things like, we don't want to see your expense report,

we don't want to know how many holidays you're taking,

ne zanima nas koliko si bio na godišnjem,

we don't want to know where you work.

ne zanima nas gdje si radio.

We had, at one point, 14 different offices around town,

Imali smo, u jednom trenutku, 14 različitih ureda po gradu,

and we'd say, go to the one that's closest to your house,

pa bi rekli, odi u onaj koji je najbliži tvojoj kući,

to the customer that you're going to visit today.

ili onaj koji je najbliži klijentu kojeg ćeš danas posjetiti.

Don't tell us where you are.

Nemoj nam reći gdje si.

And more, even when we had thousands of people, 5,000 people,

Štoviše, čak i kad smo imali tisuće ljudi, 5.000 ljudi,

we had two people in the H.R. department,

imali smo samo 2 čovjeka u službi ljudskih resursa,

and thankfully one of them has retired.

i srećom jedan je otišao u mirovinu.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

And so, the question we were asking was, how can we be taking care of people?

I konačno pitanje koje smo si uvijek postavljali, kako se brinuti za ljude?

People are the only thing we have.

Ljudi su najvažnije od svega što imamo.

We can't have a department that runs after people and looks after people.

Ne možemo imati službu koji bi pratila i pazila na ljude.

So as we started finding that this worked, and we'd say, we're looking for --

I kako smo počeli shvaćati da to funkcionira, rekli smo si, mi tražimo---

and this is, I think, the main thing I was looking for

a to je, ja mislim, najvažnija stvar koju smo tražili

in the terminal days and in the company,

u terminalnim danima i u kompaniji,

which is, how do you set up for wisdom?

a ta je, kako stvari posložiti za mudrost?

We've come from an age of revolution, industrial revolution,

Mi dolazimo iz doba revolucije, industrijske revolucije,

an age of information, an age of knowledge,

iz doba informacija doba znanja,

but we're not any closer to the age of wisdom.

ali se nimalo nismo približili dobu mudrosti.

How we design, how do we organize, for more wisdom?

Kako dizajniramo, kako se organiziramo, prema većoj mudrosti?

So for example, many times,

Tako na primjer, mnogo puta,

what's the smartest or the intelligent decision doesn't jive.

ono što je najpametnija ili inteligentna odluka ne zaživi.

So we'd say things like,

Tako na primjer kažemo,

let's agree that you're going to sell 57 widgets per week.

Idemo se dogovoriti da ćeš prodati 57 spravica tjedno.

If you sell them by Wednesday, please go to the beach.

Ako ih prodaš do srijede, molim te odi na plažu.

Don't create a problem for us, for manufacturing, for application,

Nemoj nam praviti probleme, ni proizvodnji, ni primjeni,

jer onda moramo kupovati nove kompanije, moramo kupiti svoju konkurenciju,

then we have to buy new companies, we have to buy our competitors,

we have to do all kinds of things because you sold too many widgets.

moramo raditi sve i svašta zato što si ti prodao previše spravica.

So go to the beach and start again on Monday.

Zato lijepo odi na plažu i ponovno se pojavi u ponedjeljak.

(Laughter) (Applause)

(Smijeh)(Pljesak)

So the process is looking for wisdom.

Dakle, proces je potraga za mudrošću.

And in the process, of course, we wanted people to know everything,

I u tom procesu, naravno, željeli smo da ljudi znaju sve,

and we wanted to be truly democratic about the way we ran things.

i htjeli smo istinski biti demokratski u načinu po kojem radimo stvari.

So our board had two seats open with the same voting rights,

Pa tako naša uprava ima dva otvorena mjesta s jednakim glasačkim pravom,

for the first two people who showed up.

za bilo koja dva čovjeka koji se prvi pojave.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

And so we had cleaning ladies voting on a board meeting,

Pa smo tako imali čistačice koje su glasale na upravnom odboru,

which had a lot of other very important people in suits and ties.

zajedno s nizom vrlo važnih ljudi u odijelima i kravatama.

And the fact is that they kept us honest.

A činjenica je da su nam one čuvale poštenje.

This process, as we started looking at the people who came to us,

U tom procesu, kako smo počeli promatrati ljude koji su nam dolazili,

we'd say, now wait a second,

rekli bi, pričekajte malo,

people come to us and they say, where am I supposed to sit?

ljudi dolaze k nama i pitaju, gdje bih trebao sjesti?

How am I supposed to work? Where am I going to be in 5 years' time?

Kako bih trebao raditi? Gdje ću biti za 5 godina?

And we looked at that and we said, we have to start much earlier.

Gledali smo to i onda smo zaključili moramo početi puno ranije.

Where do we start?

Gdje treba početi?

We said, oh, kindergarten seems like a good place.

Rekli smo, oh pa vrtić se čini dobrim mjestom.

So we set up a foundation, which now has, for 11 years, three schools,

I tako smo osnovali zakladu, kojoj je sada 11 godina, ima tri škole,

where we started asking the same questions,

tamo smo si počeli postavljati ista pitanja

how do you redesign school for wisdom?

kako redizajnirati škole za mudrost?

It is one thing to say, we need to recycle the teachers,

Jedno je reći, treba reciklirati učitelje,

we need the directors to do more.

trebaju nam ravnatelji koji mogu više.

But the fact is that what we do with education is entirely obsolete.

No činjenica je kako je ono što činimo s obrazovanjem posve zastarjelo.

The teacher's role is entirely obsolete.

Uloga učitelja je posve zastarjela.

Going from a math class, to biology, to 14th-century France is very silly.

Ići sa matematike, na biologiju, pa na Francusku 14. stoljeća je jako smiješno.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

So we started thinking, what could it look like?

Pa smo počeli razmišljati kako bi to trebalo izgledati?

And we put together people, including people who like education,

Pa smo skupili ljude, uključujući one koji vole obrazovanje,

people like Paulo Freire, and two ministers of education in Brazil

ljude poput Paulo Freire-a, i dva ministra obrazovanja iz Brazila

and we said, if we were to design a school from scratch,

i rekli smo, ako bi dizajnirali školu od samih temelja,

what would it look like?

kako bi izgledala?

And so we created this school, which is called Lumiar,

I onda smo kreirali tu školu koja se zove Lumiar,

and Lumiar, one of them is a public school,

a Lumiar, jedna od njih je javna škola,

and Lumiar says the following:

i Lumiar kaže sljedeće:

Let's divide this role of the teacher into two.

Podijelimo ulogu učitelja na dva dijela.

One guy, we'll call a tutor.

Jednog od njih, zvat ćemo učitelj.

A tutor, in the old sense of the Greek "paideia": Look after the kid.

Učitelj na starogrčkom 'paideia': onaj koji pazi na dijete.

What's happening at home, what's their moment in life, etc..

Što se događa kod kuće, koji su im značajni životni trenuci, itd.

But please don't teach,

Samo molim vas ne podučavajte,

because the little you know compared to Google, we don't want to know.

jer koliko je malo ono što znate u odnosu na Google, to mi ne želimo znati.

Keep that to yourself.

Zadržite to za sebe.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

Now, we'll bring in people who have two things:

Sada uzimamo ljude koji posjeduju dvije osobine:

passion and expertise, and it could be their profession or not.

strast i ekspertiza, a to može biti njihova profesija ili ne.

And we use the senior citizens,

Koristimo ljude starije dobi,

who are 25 percent of the population with wisdom that nobody wants anymore.

koji čine 25 posto populacije s mudrošću koju više nitko ne treba.

So we bring them to school and we say,

Vratimo ih u školu i kažemo,

teach these kids whatever you really believe in.

učite tu djecu bilo što u što uistinu vjerujete.

So we have violinists teaching math.

Pa tako imamo violinista koji podučava matematiku.

We have all kinds of things where we say,

Imamo niz slučajeva u kojima kažemo,

don't worry about the course material anymore.

ne brinite više o materijalima za svoje predmete.

We have approximately 10 great threads that go from 2 to 17.

Imamo otprilike 10 velikih usmjerenja od 2. do 17.

Things like, how do we measure ourselves as humans?

Stvari kao što su, kako procjenjujemo sebe kao ljude?

So there's a place for math and physics and all that there.

Postoje mjesta za matematiku i fiziku i sve ostalo.

How do we express ourselves?

Kako se izražavamo?

So there's a place for music and literature, etc.,

Postoji mjesto za glazbu i literaturu, itd.,

but also for grammar.

ali i za gramatiku.

And then we have things that everyone has forgotten,

A onda imamo stvari na koje su svi zaboravili,

which are probably the most important things in life.

koje su vjerojatno najvažnije stvari u životu.

The very important things in life, we know nothing about.

Jako važne stvari u životu o kojima baš ništa ne znamo.

We know nothing about love,

Ne znamo ništa o ljubavi,

we know nothing about death,

ništa o smrti,

we know nothing about why we're here.

ništa o tome zašto smo tu.

So we need a thread in school that talks about everything we don't know.

Zato trebamo školsko usmjerenje koje govori o svemu onome o čemu ne znamo.

So that's a big part of what we do.

Eto to je veliki dio onoga što mi radimo.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

So over the years, we started going into other things.

Tijekom godina, krenuli smo i u druge stvari.

We'd say, why do we have to scold the kids

Razgovarali smo o tome zašto treba grditi djecu

i govoriti, tu sjedni i dođi ovamo i napravi ovo, i tako redom.

and say, sit down and come here and do that, and so forth.

We said, let's get the kids to do something we call a circle,

Rekli smo, idemo uvesti djecu u nešto što zovemo krug,

which meets once a week.

koji se sastaje jednom tjedno.

And we'd say, you put the rules together

Pa im kažemo, vi sastavite svoja pravila,

and then you decide what you want to do with it.

a zatim odlučite što želite učiniti s njima.

So can you all hit yourself on the head?

Možete li se sada svi počešati po glavi?

Sure, for a week, try.

Naravno, tijekom jednog tjedna, pokušajte.

They came up with the very same rules that we had,

Oni su došli do potpuno istih pravila koja smo mi imali,

except they're theirs.

osim što su to sada njihova pravila.

And then, they have the power,

A onda, onda oni imaju moć,

which means, they can and do suspend and expel kids

što znači, oni mogu i hoće suspendirati i izbaciti neko dijete

so that we're not playing school, they really decide.

pa se oni ne igraju škole već stvarno odlučuju.

And then, in this same vein,

I onda, u tom istom duhu,

we keep a digital mosaic,

održavamo digitalni mozaik,

because this is not constructivist or Montessori or something.

jer ovo nije konstruktivizam ili Montessori ili nešto tako.

It's something where we keep the Brazilian curriculum

To je nešto u čemu se pridržavamo brazilskog kurikuluma

with 600 tiles of a mosaic,

S ukupno 600 pločica u mozaiku,

which we want to expose these kids to by the time they're 17.

kojima želimo izložiti tu djecu prije nego napune 17.

And follow this all the time and we know how they're doing

I slijedimo ih cijelo vrijeme i znamo kako im ide

and we say, you're not interested in this now, let's wait a year.

pa možemo reći, ovo te sada ne zanima, pričekajmo jednu godinu.

And the kids are in groups that don't have an age category,

Djeca su u grupama koje nemaju dobnu kategoriju,

so the six-year-old kid who is ready for that with an 11-year-old,

pa imamo 6-godišnjaka koji je jednako spreman za nešto kao i 11-godišnjak,

that eliminates all of the gangs and the groups

što eliminira sve bande i grupe

and this stuff that we have in the schools, in general.

i sve one stvari koje smo imali u školama, općenito.

And they have a zero to 100 percent grading,

A ocjene se kreću od 0 do 100 posto,

which they do themselves with an app every couple of hours.

koje oni daju sami sebi putem aplikacije svakih par sati.

Until we know they're 37 percent of the way we'd like them to be on this issue,

Dok ne znamo da odstupaju 37% od puta na kojem bi željeli da budu po tom pitanju,

so that we can send them out in the world with them knowing enough about it.

kako bi ih mogli poslati van u svijet, a da znaju dovoljno o tome.

And so the courses are World Cup Soccer, or building a bicycle.

Predmet je Svjetski kup u nogometu, ili konstruiranje bicikla.

And people will sign up for a 45-day course on building a bicycle.

Ljudi će upisati 45-dnevni predmet za izgradnju bicikla.

Now, try to build a bicycle without knowing that pi is 3.1416.

Sad, probajte sagraditi bicikl bez da znate da pi iznosi 3,1416.

You can't.

Ne možete.

And try, any one of you, using 3.1416 for something.

A vi pokušajte, bilo tko od vas, upotrijebiti 3,1416 za bilo što.

You don't know anymore.

Vi to više ne znate.

So this is lost and that's what we try to do there,

To je izgubljeno i to je ono što ovdje pokušavamo napraviti,

which is looking for wisdom in that school.

što je potraga za mudrošću u školi.

And that brings us back to this graph and this distribution of our life.

Što nas ponovno vraća na graf i onu raspodjelu života.

I accumulated a lot of money when I think about it.

Ja sam skupio puno novca razmišljajući o ovome.

When you think and you say, now is the time to give back --

Kad razmišljate i kažete si, sada je vrijeme da se to vrati --

well, if you're giving back, you took too much.

e pa, ako vraćate već ste uzeli previše.

(Laughter) (Applause)

(Smijeh)(Pljesak)

I keep thinking of Warren Buffet waking up one day

Razmišljao sam o Warren Buffetu kako se probudio jednog dana

and finding out he has 30 billion dollars more than he thought he had.

i shvatio da ima 30 milijardi dolara više nego je mislio da ima.

And he looks and he says, what am I going to do with this?

Pa je pogledao i upitao se, što bih s tim mogao napraviti?

And he says, I'll give it to someone who really needs this.

I rekao si je, dat ću to nekome kome stvarno treba.

Dat ću ih Bill Gatesu. (Smijeh)

I'll give it to Bill Gates. (Laughter)

And my guy, who's my financial advisor in New York,

A moj čovjek, koji je moj financijski savjetnik u New Yorku,

he says, look, you're a silly guy

rekao je, vidiš, ti si smiješan čovjek

because you would have 4.1 times more money today

jer bi danas imao 4,1 puta više novaca

if you had made money with money instead of sharing as you go.

da si novac stvarao novcem umjesto što si ga podijelio.

But I like sharing as you go better.

Ali meni se sviđa dijeljenje kako si bogatiji.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

I taught MBAs at MIT for a time

Neko vrijeme sam predavao MBA na MIT-u

and I ended up, one day, at the Mount Auburn Cemetery.

i onda sam završio, jednog dana, na groblju Mount Auburn.

It is a beautiful cemetery in Cambridge.

To je prekrasno groblje u Cambridgeu.

And I was walking around. It was my birthday and I was thinking.

Šetao sam uokolo. Bio mi je rođendan i ja sam razmišljao.

And the first time around, I saw these tombstones

U prvom razgledavanju vidio sam te nadgrobne spomenike

and these wonderful people who'd done great things

tim divnim ljudima koji su napravili velike stvari

and I thought, what do I want to be remembered for?

i onda sam razmišljao po čemu ja želim biti zapamćen?

And I did another stroll around,

Napravio sam još jedan krug,

and the second time, another question came to me,

i u drugom krugu, palo mi je na pamet sljedeće pitanje,

which did me better, which was,

koje mi se učinilo bolje, a to je bilo

why do I want to be remembered at all?

zašto uopće želim biti zapamćen?

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

And that, I think, took me different places.

I to me je, mislim, odvelo na sasvim druga mjesta.

When I was 50, my wife Fernanda and I sat for a whole afternoon,

Kada mi je bilo 50, moja žena Fernanda i ja, sjedili smo cijelo jedno poslijepodne,

we had a big pit with fire,

imali smo kotao s otvorenim plamenom,

and I threw everything I had ever done into that fire.

i ja sam u njega bacio sve što sam ikad napravio.

This is a book in 38 languages,

To je bila knjiga prevedena na 38 jezika,

hundreds and hundreds of articles and DVDs, everything there was.

stotine i stotine članaka i DVD-a, sve što je bilo tamo.

And that did two things.

To je napravilo dvije stvari.

One, it freed our five kids from following in our steps, our shadow --

Prvo, oslobodilo je naše petoro djece od toga da idu našim stopama, u našoj sjeni -

They don't know what I do.

Oni ne znaju što ja radim.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

Which is good.

Što je dobro.

And I'm not going to take them somewhere

I ja ih neću jednog dana povesti negdje

and say, one day all of this will be yours.

i reći, jednog dana ovo sve će biti vaše.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

The five kids know nothing, which is good.

Petero djece ne zna ništa, što je dobro.

And the second thing is,

A druga stvar je,

I freed myself from this anchor of past achievement or whatever.

oslobodio sam samoga sebe od tog sidra prethodnih postignuća ili što god to bilo.

I'm free to start something new every time and to decide things from scratch

Slobodan sam početi nešto novo u svakom trenutku i odlučivati stvari od početka

in part of those terminal days.

u dijelu onih terminalnih dana.

And some people would say,

Neki će reći,

oh, so now you have this time, these terminal days,

o, sada imaš svo to vrijeme, sve te zadnje dane,

and so you go out and do everything.

i izlaziš i radiš svašta.

No, we've been to the beaches,

Ma ne, mi smo već bili na raznim plažama,

so we've been to Samoa and Maldives and Mozambique,

pa smo tako bili na Samoi i Maldivima,i u Mozambiku,

so that's done.

pa je to riješeno.

I've climbed mountains in the Himalayas.

Popeo sam se na planine Himalaja.

I've gone down 60 meters to see hammerhead sharks.

Spustio sam se 60 metara u dubinu kako bih vidio morskog psa čekićara.

I've spent 59 days on the back of a camel from Chad to Timbuktu.

Proveo sam 59 dana na leđima deve od Čada do Timbuktua.

I've gone to the magnetic North Pole on a dog sled.

Otišao sam na magnetski Sjeverni pol saonicama s psećom zapregom.

So, we've been busy.

Dakle, bili smo zaposleni.

It's what I'd like to call my empty bucket list.

To je ono što ja volim zvati praznom listom želja.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

And with this rationale, I look at these days and I think,

I s ovom logikom gledam na protekle dane i mislim,

I'm not retired. I don't feel retired at all.

Nisam u mirovini. Uopće ne osjećam kao da sam u mirovini.

And so I'm writing a new book.

Pa tako pišem novu knjigu.

We started three new companies in the last two years.

Osnovali smo tri nove kompanije u posljednje dvije godine.

I'm now working on getting this school system for free out into the world,

Sada radim na tome da besplatno proširimo ovaj školski sustav po cijelom svijetu,

and I've found, very interestingly enough, that nobody wants it for free.

I otkrio sam, što je stvarno zanimljivo, da to nitko ne želi besplatno.

And so I've been trying for 10 years

I tako već 10 godina pokušavam

to get the public system to take over this school rationale,

da javni sektor preuzme logiku naše škole

much as the public schools we have,

jer većina javnih škola koje mi imamo

which has instead of 43 out of 100, as their rating, as their grades,

koje umjesto da imaju 43 od 100 kao svoje bodovanje, svoju ocjenu,

has 91 out of 100.

imaju 91 od 100.

But for free, nobody wants it.

Ali besplatno, nitko to ne želi.

So maybe we'll start charging for it and then it will go somewhere.

Možda ćemo početi ovo naplaćivati, pa će to doći negdje.

But getting this out is one of the things we want to do.

Proširiti to je jedna od stvari koju želimo napraviti.

And I think what this leaves us as a message for all of you,

Pa si mislim s kojom vas to porukom ostavlja,

I think is a little bit like this:

mislim da bi mogla biti nešto poput:

We've all learned how to go on Sunday night

Svi smo naučili kako nedjeljom navečer

to email and work from home.

otići na e-mail i raditi od kuće.

But very few of us have learned

Ali mali je broj nas naučio

how to go to the movies on Monday afternoon.

kako ponedjeljkom poslijepodne otići u kino i pogledati film.

And if we're looking for wisdom, we need to learn to do that as well.

A ako tragamo za mudrošću, ovo također moramo naučiti.

And so, what we've done all of these years is very simple,

Pa tako, ono što smo mi radili svih ovih godina vrlo je jednostavno,

is use the little tool, which is ask three whys in a row.

a to je koristiti mala oruđa kao što je pitati se tri puta zaredom zašto.

Because the first why you always have a good answer for.

Zato što za prvi zašto uvijek imate dobar odgovor.

The second why, it starts getting difficult.

Drugi zašto već zadaje probleme.

By the third why, you don't really know why you're doing what you're doing.

Do trećeg zašto, vi stvarno ne znate zašto radite to što radite.

What I want to leave you with is the seed and the thought that maybe if you do this,

Želim vas ostaviti sa sjemenom i mišlju da možda ako to učinite,

you will come to the question, what for?

doći ćete do pitanja, zašto?

What am I doing this for?

Zašto ja ovo radim?

And hopefully, as a result of that, and over time,

I nadajmo se, kao rezultat ovoga, tijekom vremena,

I hope that with this, and that's what I'm wishing you,

ja se nadam da ćete s ovim, i to je ono što vam ja želim,

you'll have a much wiser future.

imati mudriju budućnost.

Thank you very much.

Puno vam hvala.

(Pljesak)

(Applause)

Chris Anderson: So Ricardo, you're kind of crazy.

Chris Anderson: Dakle Ricardo, vi ste na neki način ludi.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

To many people, this seems crazy.

Za mnoge ljude ovo se čini ludim.

And yet so deeply wise, also.

A opet duboko mudrim, također.

The pieces I'm trying to put together are this:

Kockice koje pokušavam složiti su sljedeće:

Your ideas are so radical.

Vaše su ideje tako radikalne.

How, in business, for example, these ideas have been out for a while,

Kako, na primjer u poslovanju, ove ideje prisutne su već neko vrijeme,

probably the percentage of businesses that have taken some of them

vjerojatno je postotak poduzeća koja su preuzeli neke od njih

is still quite low.

još uvijek prilično malen.

Are there any times you've seen some big company

Jeste li u i jednom trenutku vidjeli neku veliku kompaniju

take on one of your ideas and you've gone, "Yes!"?

da je preuzela jednu od vaših ideja i vi ste rekli 'Da!'?

Ricardo Semler: It happens. It happened about two weeks ago

Ricardo Sempler: To se događa. Dogodilo se prije otprilike dva tjedna

with Richard Branson, with his people saying,

s Richardom Bransonom, koji je rekao svojim ljudima

oh, I don't want to control your holidays anymore,

Oh, ja više ne želim kontrolirati vaše godišnje odmore,

or Netflix does a little bit of this and that,

ili Netflix-om koji radi ponešto od ovoga i onoga,

but I don't think it's very important.

ali ja ne mislim da je to jako važno.

I'd like to see it happen maybe a little bit in a bit of a missionary zeal,

Volio bih vidjeti da se to malčice dogodilo u misionarskoj gorljivosti,

but that's a very personal one.

ali to je jako osobna želja.

But the fact is that it takes a leap of faith about losing control.

Činjenica je kako vam treba skok vjere kod gubitka kontrole.

And almost nobody who is in control is ready to take leaps of faith.

I gotovo nitko tko kontrolira situacijom nije spreman na skok vjere.

It will have to come from kids and other people

Ovo mora doći od djece i drugih ljudi

who are starting companies in a different way.

koji svoja poduzeća započinju na drugačiji način.

CA: So that's the key thing?

CA: Dakle to je ključna stvar?

From your point of view the evidence is there,

S vaše točke gledanja, dokazi su tu,

in the business point of view this works,

s poslovne strane ovo funkcionira,

but people just don't have the courage to -- (Whoosh)

ali ljudi naprosto nemaju hrabrosti da -- (Hoops).

RS: They don't even have the incentive.

RS: Oni čak nemaju inicijativu.

You're running a company with a 90-day mandate.

Vodite kompaniju s ovlaštenjem od 90 dana.

It's a quarterly report.

To je tromjesječno izvješće.

If you're not good in 90 days, you're out.

Ako niste dobri u 90 dana, ispadate.

So you say, "Here's a great program that, in less than one generation --"

Pa tako kažete: 'Ovo je veliki program koji, u manje od jedne generacije --'

And the guy says, "Get out of here."

A tip vam kaže, 'Gubite se odavde.'

So this is the problem.

Eto, to je problem.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

CA: What you're trying to do in education seems to me incredibly profound.

CA: To što vi pokušavate napraviti s obrazovanjem čini mi se

fantastično dalekovidnim.

Everyone is bothered about their country's education system.

Svi su zabrinuti njihovim nacionalnim školskim sustavima

No one thinks that we've caught up yet to a world

Nitko ne misli da nas je sustigao svijet

where there's Google and all these technological options.

u kojemu je Google i sve te tehnološke mogućnosti.

So you've got actual evidence now that the kids so far going through your system,

Pa vi ste dobili stvarne dokaze da djeca koja su do sada prošla

kroz vaš školski sustav

there's a dramatic increase in performance.

pokazuju dramatično povećanje postignuća.

How do we help you move these ideas forward?

Kako vam mi možemo pomoći da se ove ideje probiju?

RS: I think it's that problem of ideas whose time has come.

RS: Ja mislim da je to taj problem s idejama za koje je došlo vrijeme.

And I've never been very evangelical about these things.

I nikad nisam bio previše evanđeoski s tim stvarima.

We put it out there.

Mi ih samo izbacimo van.

Suddenly, you find people --

Odjednom pronađete ljude –

there's a group in Japan, which scares me very much,

Ima ta grupa u Japanu, koja me jako plaši,

which is called the Semlerists, and they have 120 companies.

zove se Semlerists, a imaju 120 kompanija.

They've invited me. I've always been scared to go.

Oni su me pozvali i ja sam se plašio otići.

And there is a group in Holland that has 600 small, Dutch companies.

A ima i grupa u Nizozemskoj koja ima 600 malih, nizozemskih kompanija.

It's something that will flourish on its own.

To je nešto što će procvasti samo od sebe.

Part of it will be wrong, and it doesn't matter.

Dio toga će biti krivo ali to nije važno.

This will find its own place.

To će već pronaći svoje mjesto.

And I'm afraid of the other one, which says,

A plašim se i onih drugi koji kažu

this is so good you've got to do this.

to je dobro to moraš napraviti.

Let's set up a system and put lots of money into it

Idemo uspostaviti sustav i uložiti puno novaca u njega

and then people will do it no matter what.

i onda će to ljudi raditi bez obzira što je.

CA: So you have asked extraordinary questions your whole life.

CA: I tako ste si vi postavljali izvanredna pitanja cijeloga života.

It seems to me that's the fuel that's driven a lot of this.

Meni se čini da je to bio pogon koji je pokrenuo mnogo toga.

Do you have any other questions for us, for TED, for this group here?

Imate li vi pitanja za nas, za TED, za ovu grupu ovdje?

RS: I always come back to variations of the question

RS: Uvijek se vratim na varijacije pitanja

that my son asked me when he was three.

koje je postavio moj sin kada je imao 3 godine.

We were sitting in a jacuzzi, and he said, "Dad, why do we exist?"

Sjedili smo u jacuzziju a on me je upitao, 'Tata, zašto mi postojimo?'

There is no other question.

Nema drugih pitanja.

Nobody has any other question.

Nitko nema neko drugo pitanje.

We have variations of this one question, from three onwards.

Mi samo imamo različite varijacije tog pitanja od treće na dalje.

So when you spend time in a company, in a bureaucracy, in an organization

Pa tako kada provedeš vrijeme u nekoj kompaniji,

u birokraciji, u nekoj organizaciji

and you're saying, boy --

i kažeš -- o čovječe

how many people do you know who on their death beds said,

koliko ljudi poznajete koji su na smrtnoj postelji rekli

boy, I wish I had spent more time at the office?

čovječe, da sam barem proveo više vremena u uredu?

So there's a whole thing of having the courage now --

I cijela je stvar u tome da imaš hrabrosti sada

not in a week, not in two months,

ne kroz tjedan dana, ne za dva mjeseca

not when you find out you have something --

ne kad otkriješ da imaš nešto --

to say, no, what am I doing this for?

za reći, ne, zašto ja ovo radim?

Stop everything. Let me do something else.

Zaustavite sve. Dajte da učinim nešto drugo.

And it will be okay,

I to će biti dobro,

it will be much better than what you're doing,

bit će mnogo bolje od onoga što radite

if you're stuck in a process.

ako ste zaglavili u procesu.

CA: So that strikes me as a profound and quite beautiful way to end

CA: Ovo se čini kao duboki i vrlo lijepi način da završimo

this penultimate day of TED.

ovaj pretposljednji dan TED-a.

Ricardo Semler, thank you so much.

Ricardo Semler, puno vam hvala.

RS: Thank you so much.

RS: Najljepša vam hvala.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)