The mind behind Linux | Linus Torvalds | TED

Translator: Carme Paz Reviewer: Alicia Ferreiro

Chris Anderson: This is such a strange thing.

Chris Anderson: Isto é raro.

O teu software, Linux, está en millóns de ordenadores,

Your software, Linux, is in millions of computers,

it probably powers much of the Internet.

e probablemente sostén unha boa parte de Internet.

And I think that there are, like,

E creo que hai como

a billion and a half active Android devices out there.

un millón e medio de dispositivos Android activos por aí.

Your software is in every single one of them.

O teu software está en cada un deles.

It's kind of amazing.

É abraiante.

You must have some amazing software headquarters driving all this.

Debes ter unha central de software impresionante dirixindo isto.

That's what I thought -- and I was shocked when I saw a picture of it.

Iso é o que pensei. E quedei perplexo cando vin unha foto.

I mean, this is --

Quero dicir, isto é...

this is the Linux world headquarters.

isto é a sede central do mundo Linux.

(Laughter)

(Risos)

(Applause)

(Aplausos)

Linus Torvalds: It really doesn't look like much.

Linus Torvalds: Realmente, non parece gran cousa.

And I have to say,

E teño que dicir,

the most interesting part in this picture,

a parte máis interesante da foto,

that people mostly react to,

a que provoca máis reaccións

is the walking desk.

é o escritorio coa cinta de camiñar.

It is the most interesting part in my office

É a parte máis interesante da miña oficina

and I'm not actually using it anymore.

e, en realidade, xa non a uso.

And I think the two things are related.

Penso que as dúas cousas están relacionadas.

The way I work is ...

A forma en que traballo é...

I want to not have external stimulation.

Eu non quero ter estímulos externos.

You can kind of see, on the walls are this light green.

Podedes velo, as paredes son de cor verde clara.

I'm told that at mental institutions they use that on the walls.

Dixéronme que a usan nas paredes das clínicas de saúde mental.

(Laughter)

(Risos)

É unha cor calmante,

It's like a calming color,

it's not something that really stimulates you.

non é algo que te estimula.

O que non podes ver é o ordenador, só vemos a pantalla,

What you can't see is the computer here, you only see the screen,

but the main thing I worry about in my computer is --

pero o que máis me interesa do meu ordenador é

it doesn't have to be big and powerful, although I like that --

--non ten que ser grande e potente, aínda que me gusta iso--

it really has to be completely silent.

ten que ser completamente silencioso.

I know people who work for Google

Coñezo persoas que traballan para Google

and they have their own small data center at home,

e teñen unha pequena central de datos na casa,

and I don't do that.

eu non fago iso.

My office is the most boring office you'll ever see.

A miña oficina é a máis aburrida que podedes imaxinar.

And I sit there alone in the quiet.

Sento alí só en silencio.

Se o gato aparece,

If the cat comes up,

it sits in my lap.

senta no meu colo.

And I want to hear the cat purring,

E quero oír o gato ronronar,

not the sound of the fans in the computer.

non o son dos ventiladores do ordenador.

CA: So this is astonishing,

CA: Isto é asombroso,

because working this way,

porque traballando así

you're able to run this vast technology empire --

es capaz de xestionar este grande imperio tecnolóxico,

it is an empire --

é un imperio.

so that's an amazing testament to the power of open source.

É un testemuño abraiante do poder do código aberto.

Tell us how you got to understand open source

Dinos como chegaches a pensar no código aberto

and how it lead to the development of Linux.

e como iso levou ao desenvolvemento de Linux.

LT: I mean, I still work alone.

LT: Eu aínda traballo só.

Really -- I work alone in my house,

Realmente, eu traballo só na miña casa,

often in my bathrobe.

a miúdo en bata.

When a photographer shows up, I dress up,

Cando aparece un fotógrafo, vístome

so I have clothes on.

e levo roupa posta.

(Laughter)

(Risos)

E así é como traballei sempre.

And that's how I've always worked.

I mean, this was how I started Linux, too.

É dicir, así tamén é como iniciei Linux.

I did not start Linux as a collaborative project.

Non iniciei Linux como un proxecto colaborativo.

I started it as one in a series of many projects

Inicieino como un entre varios proxectos

I had done at the time for myself,

que fixen no seu momento para min mesmo.

partly because I needed the end result,

En parte, porque precisaba o resultado

but even more because I just enjoyed programming.

pero aínda máis porque o pasaba ben programando.

So it was about the end of the journey,

Así que tiña que ver coa fin da viaxe

which, 25 years later, we still have not reached.

que, 25 anos máis tarde, aínda non atinximos.

But it was really about the fact that I was looking for a project on my own

Pero, realmente, o feito é que buscaba un proxecto pola miña conta

and there was no open source, really, on my radar at all.

e non había ningún código aberto no meu radar.

And what happened is ...

E o que ocorreu é...

the project grows and becomes something you want to show off to people.

o proxecto medrou e chegou a ser algo que ti queres mostrarlle á xente.

Really, this is more of a, "Wow, look at what I did!"

Realmente, isto é algo do tipo "Uau, mira o que fixen!"

And trust me -- it was not that great back then.

E creme, non era tan estupendo daquela.

Eu fíxeno público

I made it publicly available,

pero daquela aínda non era código aberto.

and it wasn't even open source at that point.

At that point it was source that was open, but there was no intention

Nese momento, era código que estaba aberto pero sen intención

behind using the kind of open-source methodology that we think of today

de usar o tipo de metodoloxía de código aberto en que pensamos hoxe

to improve it.

para melloralo.

It was more like,

Era máis do tipo:

"Look, I've been working on this for half a year,

"Mirade, estiven traballando nisto durante medio ano,

I'd love to have comments."

gustaríame que o comentásedes."

And other people approached me.

E houbo xente que se achegou a min.

At the University of Helsinki,

Na Universidade de Helsinki,

I had a friend who was one of the open source --

tiña un amigo que era un dos do código aberto.

it was called mainly "free software" back then --

Daquela, chamábase principalmente "software libre".

and he actually introduced me to the notion that, hey,

De feito, foi el quen me suxeriu a idea de "Ei,

you can use these open-source licenses that had been around.

podes usar estas licenzas de código aberto que andan por aí".

And I thought about it for a while.

E estíveno pensando.

I was actually worried about the whole commercial interests coming in.

Eu estaba preocupado de verdade sobre os intereses comerciais.

I mean, that's one of the worries I think most people who start out have,

Quero dicir, esa é unha das preocupacións que penso que a maioría da xente ten,

is that they worry about somebody taking advantage of their work, right?

a preocupación de que alguén saque partido do seu traballo, non?

And I decided, "What the hell?"

E decidín: "Que diaños?"

And --

E...

CA: And then at some point,

CA: E nun momento dado,

someone contributed some code that you thought,

alguén achegou algún código e pensaches:

"Wow, that really is interesting, I would not have thought of that.

"Uau, isto é moi interesante, a min non se me ocorrería.

This could actually improve this."

Pode ser unha mellora."

LT: Nin sequera comezou cando a xente achegou código,

LT: It didn't even start by people contributing code,

it was more that people started contributing ideas.

foi máis ben cando a xente comezou a achegar ideas.

And just the fact that somebody else takes a look at your project --

E o feito de que alguén lle bote un ollo ao teu proxecto

and I'm sure it's true of other things, too,

--estou seguro de que tamén é así noutras cousas,

but it's definitely true in code --

pero sen dúbida éo no código--

is that somebody else takes an interest in your code,

significa que alguén máis ten interese no teu código,

looks at it enough to actually give you feedback

mírao abondo como para facer observacións

and give you ideas.

e achegar ideas.

That was a huge thing for me.

E iso resultoume impresionante.

I was 21 at the time, so I was young,

Eu tiña 21 anos, así que era novo

but I had already programmed for half my life, basically.

pero xa levaba programando a metade da miña vida.

And every project before that had been completely personal

E todos os proxectos antes diso foran completamente persoais

and it was a revelation when people just started commenting,

e foi unha revelación que a xente comezase a comentar

started giving feedback on your code.

e a facerme observacións sobre o código.

And even before they started giving code back,

E mesmo antes de que comezaran a enviar código de volta,

that was, I think, one of the big moments where I said,

ese foi, penso, un dos grandes momentos en que dixen:

"I love other people!"

"Encántanme as persoas!"

Don't get me wrong --

Non me entendades mal,

I'm actually not a people person.

en realidade, non son sociable.

(Laughter)

(Risos)

I don't really love other people --

A verdade é que non me encantan as persoas.

(Laughter)

(Risos)

But I love computers,

Pero encántanme os ordenadores,

I love interacting with other people on email,

encántame interactuar por correo electrónico,

because it kind of gives you that buffer.

porque che dá unha especie de protección.

But I do love other people who comment and get involved in my project.

Pero tamén me encanta que a xente comente e se involucre no meu proxecto.

And it made it so much more.

E iso fíxose moito máis grande.

CA: So was there a moment when you saw what was being built

CA: Houbo un momento, cando viches que todo o construido

and it suddenly started taking off,

de súpeto empezaba a despegar,

and you thought, "Wait a sec, this actually could be something huge,

en que pensaches: "Espera, isto pode ser algo moi grande,

not just a personal project that I'm getting nice feedback on,

non só un proxecto persoal no que recibo interesantes observacións

but a kind of explosive development in the whole technology world"?

senón unha especie de desenvolvemento explosivo no mundo da tecnoloxía?

LT: Not really.

LT: A verdade é que non.

É dicir, o importante para min non foi cando se converteu en algo enorme,

I mean, the big point for me, really, was not when it was becoming huge,

it was when it was becoming little.

foi cando se converteu en algo pequeno.

The big point for me was not being alone

O importante para min foi non estar só,

and having 10, maybe 100 people being involved --

foi ter 10, quizais 100 persoas involucradas.

that was a big point.

Iso foi algo grande.

Then everything else was very gradual.

Todo o resto foi gradual.

Going from 100 people to a million people is not a big deal -- to me.

Pasar de 100 persoas a un millón non é gran cousa, para min.

Well, I mean, maybe it is if you're --

Ben, quero dicir, quizais o sexa se es...

(Laughter)

(Risos)

If you want to sell your result then it's a huge deal --

se o que queres é vender os resultados entón é un gran negocio,

don't get me wrong.

non me entendades mal.

But if you're interested in the technology

Pero se estás interesado na tecnoloxía

and you're interested in the project,

e estás interesado no proxecto,

a parte importante é chegar á comunidade.

the big part was getting the community.

Then the community grew gradually.

Despois, a comunidade medrou gradualmente

And there's actually not a single point where I went like,

e non houbo un momento concreto en que eu dixese:

"Wow, that just took off!" because it --

"Uau, isto acaba de despegar!" porque

I mean -- it took a long time, relatively.

lle levou bastante tempo, relativamente.

CA: So all the technologists that I talk to really credit you

CA: Todos os técnicos cos que falo atribúenche os méritos

with massively changing their work.

de mudar drasticamente o seu traballo.

And it's not just Linux,

E non é só por Linux,

it's this thing called Git,

tamén é por iso chamado Git,

which is this management system for software development.

que é un sistema de xestión para o desenvolvemento de software.

Tell us briefly about that and your role in that.

Fálanos brevemente diso e do teu papel.

LT: So one of the issues we had,

LT: Un dos problemas que tiñamos,

and this took a while to start to appear,

que tardou un tempo en aparecer,

is when you ...

é cando ti...

When you grow from having 10 people or 100 people working on a project

Cando medras desde 10 persoas ou 100 traballando nun proxecto

to having 10,000 people, which --

ata 10 000 persoas,

I mean, right now we're in the situation where just on the kernel,

é dicir, agora mesmo estamos nunha situación onde só no núcleo

we have 1,000 people involved in every single release

hai 1 000 persoas involucradas en cada lanzamento

and that's every two months, roughly two or three months.

e iso ocorre cada 2 meses, uns 2 ou 3 meses.

Some of those people don't do a lot.

Algunhas desas persoas non fan moito.

There's a lot of people who make small, small changes.

Hai moita xente que fai cambios moi pequenos.

But to maintain this,

Pero para manter isto,

the scale changes how you have to maintain it.

a escala cambia o xeito de mantelo.

And we went through a lot of pain.

E pasámolo moi mal.

And there are whole projects that do only source-code maintenance.

Hai proxectos enteiros que só fan código de mantemento.

CVS is the one that used to be the most commonly used,

O CVS adoitaba ser un dos máis usados,

and I hated CVS with a passion and refused to touch it

e eu odiaba o CVS apaixonadamente e rexeitei tocalo,

and tried something else that was radical and interesting

intentei outra cousa que era radical e interesante

and everybody else hated.

e o resto da xente odiouna.

CA: (Laughs)

CA: (Risos)

LT: And we were in this bad spot,

LT: E estabamos nun mal momento,

where we had thousands of people who wanted to participate,

con miles de persoas que querían participar

but in many ways, I was the kind of break point,

pero de moitos xeitos eu era o punto de equilibrio

where I could not scale to the point

e non podía multiplicarme

where I could work with thousands of people.

para poder traballar con miles de persoas.

So Git is my second big project,

Así que Git é o meu segundo gran proxecto,

which was only created for me to maintain my first big project.

que creei só para manter o meu primeiro gran proxecto.

And this is literally how I work.

E así, literalmente, é como traballo.

I don't code for --

Non programo para,

well, I do code for fun --

ben, eu programo por diversión,

but I want to code for something meaningful

pero quero programar para algo que teña sentido

so every single project I've ever done has been something I needed

así que cada proxecto que fixen tiña que ver con algo que eu precisaba

and --

e...

CA: So really, both Linux and Git kind of arose

CA: Así que, en realidade, tanto Linux como Git xurdiron

almost as an unintended consequence

case como unha consecuencia involuntaria

of your desire not to have to work with too many people.

do desexo de non traballar con xente.

LT: Totalmente. Si.

LT: Absolutely. Yes.

(Laughter)

(Risos)

CA: That's amazing. LT: Yeah.

CA: É abraiante. LT: Si.

(Applause)

(Aplausos)

And yet, you're the man who's transformed technology

E aínda así, es a persoa que transformou a tecnoloxía

not just once but twice,

non só unha vez senón dúas,

and we have to try and understand why it is.

e queremos intentar entender por que.

You've given us some clues, but ...

Déchesnos algunhas pistas, pero...

Here's a picture of you as a kid, with a Rubik's Cube.

Aquí hai unha foto túa de neno cun cubo de Rubik.

You mentioned that you've been programming since you were like 10 or 11,

Mencionaches que estiveches programando desde que tiñas 10 ou 11 anos,

half your life.

a metade da túa vida.

Were you this sort of computer genius, you know, übernerd,

Eras unha especie de xenio dos ordenadores, un cerebriño?

were you the star at school who could do everything?

a estrela da escola capaz de facer calquera cousa?

Como eras de pequeno?

What were you like as a kid?

LT: Yeah, I think I was the prototypical nerd.

LT: Si, penso que era o "nerd" prototípico.

I mean, I was ...

É dicir, era...

Non era sociable daquela.

I was not a people person back then.

That's my younger brother.

Este é o meu irmán pequeno.

I was clearly more interested in the Rubik's Cube

Eu estaba claramente máis interesado no cubo de Rubik

than my younger brother.

que no meu irmán pequeno.

(Laughter)

(Risos)

My younger sister, who's not in the picture,

A miña irmá pequena, que non está na foto,

when we had family meetings --

cando tiñamos reunións familiares,

and it's not a huge family, but I have, like, a couple of cousins --

e non é unha familia grande pero teño un par de primos,

she would prep me beforehand.

ela preparábame con antelación.

Like, before I stepped into the room she would say,

Antes de que entrara na sala, ela dicía:

"Ben. É así e así..."

"OK. That's so-and-so ..."

Because I was not --

Porque eu non era...

I was a geek.

Eu era un "geek".

I was into computers,

Andaba con ordenadores,

I was into math,

andaba coas matemáticas,

I was into physics.

andaba coa física.

I was good at that.

Dábanseme ben.

I don't think I was particularly exceptional.

Non creo que fora algo excepcional.

Apparently, my sister said

Polo visto, a miña irmá dixo

that my biggest exceptional quality was that I would not let go.

que a miña calidade máis excepcional era a de non renderme.

CA: OK, so let's go there, because that's interesting.

CA: Ben, imos aí porque é interesante.

You would not let go.

Ti non te rendes.

So that's not about being a geek and being smart,

Así que non ten que ver con ser un "geek" e ser intelixente,

that's about being ... stubborn?

vai de ser... teimudo?

LT: That's about being stubborn.

LT: Vai de ser teimudo.

That's about, like,

Vai de...

simplemente, comezar algo

just starting something

and not saying, "OK, I'm done, let's do something else --

e non dicir: "Vale, déixoo, imos facer outra cousa...

Look: shiny!"

Mira, unha mosca!"

And I notice that in many other parts in my life, too.

E véxoo en moitas outras partes da miña vida, tamén.

I lived in Silicon Valley for seven years.

Vivín en Silicon Valley durante 7 anos.

And I worked for the same company, in Silicon Valley,

E traballei para a mesma compañía, en Silicon Valley

for the whole time.

durante todo ese tempo.

That is unheard of.

Iso é inaudito.

That's not how Silicon Valley works.

Silicon Valley non funciona así.

The whole point of Silicon Valley is that people jump between jobs

O punto de Silicon Valley é que a xente salta de traballo

to kind of mix up the pot.

para vivir experiencias diferentes.

And that's not the kind of person I am.

E eu non son ese tipo de persoa.

CA: But during the actual development of Linux itself,

CA: Pero durante o desenvolvemento de Linux,

that stubbornness sometimes brought you in conflict with other people.

esa teimosía, ás veces, levoute ao conflito con outra xente.

Talk about that a bit.

Fálanos diso un pouco.

Was that essential to sort of maintain the quality of what was being built?

Era esencial para manter a calidade do que se estaba a construír?

How would you describe what happened?

Como describirías o que ocorreu?

LT: I don't know if it's essential.

LT: Non sei se é esencial.

Going back to the "I'm not a people person," --

Volvendo ao de "non son unha persoa sociable",

sometimes I'm also ...

ás veces, tamén son...,

como diriamos,

shall we say,

"myopic" when it comes to other people's feelings,

"miope" no que se refire aos sentimentos doutras persoas.

and that sometimes makes you say things that hurt other people.

e iso, ás veces, faiche dicir cousas que as feren.

And I'm not proud of that.

E non estou orgulloso diso

(Applause)

(Aplausos)

But, at the same time, it's --

pero, ao mesmo tempo, é...

I get people who tell me that I should be nice.

Hai xente que me di que debería ser agradable.

And then when I try to explain to them that maybe you're nice,

E cando intento explicarlles que quizais ti es agradable pero

maybe you should be more aggressive,

quizais deberías ser máis agresivo,

they see that as me being not nice.

ven que non son agradable.

(Laughter)

(Risos)

O que intento dicir é que somos diferentes.

What I'm trying to say is we are different.

I'm not a people person;

Non son unha persoa sociable;

it's not something I'm particularly proud of,

non é algo do que estea particularmente orgulloso

but it's part of me.

pero é parte de min.

And one of the things I really like about open source

E unha das cousas que me gustan do código aberto

is it really allows different people to work together.

é que permite que xente distinta traballe xunta.

We don't have to like each other --

Non temos que gustarnos

and sometimes we really don't like each other.

e, ás veces, realmente, non nos gustamos.

Really -- I mean, there are very, very heated arguments.

Quero dicir, hai discusións moi moi acendidas.

But you can, actually, you can find things that --

E, de feito, podes atopar cousas en que

you don't even agree to disagree,

nin sequera estás de acordo en estar en desacordo,

it's just that you're interested in really different things.

é só que estás interesado en cousas moi diferentes.

And coming back to the point where I said earlier

E volvendo ao punto onde dixen antes

that I was afraid of commercial people taking advantage of your work,

que temía que persoas con intereses comerciais

se aproveitaran do meu traballo,

it turned out, and very quickly turned out,

resultou, e demostrouse rapidamente,

that those commercial people were lovely, lovely people.

que esas persoas eran xente encantadora.

And they did all the things that I was not at all interested in doing,

E fixeron todas as cousas en que eu non estaba nada interesado

and they had completely different goals.

e tiñan obxectivos totalmente diferentes.

And they used open source in ways that I just did not want to go.

E usaron o código aberto de xeitos que eu non o faría.

But because it was open source they could do it,

Pero podían facelo porque era código aberto

and it actually works really beautifully together.

e, en realidade, funcionou moi ben.

And I actually think it works the same way.

E penso que funciona do mesmo xeito.

You need to have the people-people, the communicators,

Tes que ter xente sociable, os comunicadores,

the warm and friendly people

a xente cálida e acolledora

who like --

que

(Laughter)

(risos)

really want to hug you and get you into the community.

quere darche unha aperta e incluírte na comunidade.

But that's not everybody.

Pero non todo o mundo é así.

And that's not me.

E eu non son así.

I care about the technology.

A min impórtame a tecnoloxía.

There are people who care about the UI.

Hai a quen lle importa a interface de usuario [IU]

I can't do UI to save my life.

Eu non podo facer unha IU nin para salvar a vida.

I mean, if I was stranded on an island

Quero dicir, se estivese varado nunha illa

and the only way to get off that island was the make a pretty UI,

e a única maneira de saír dela fose facer unha boa IU

I'd die there.

morrería alí.

(Laughter)

(Risos)

So there's different kinds of people,

Así que hai diferentes tipos de xente,

and I'm not making excuses, I'm trying to explain.

e non estou poñendo escusas, Estou intentando explicarme.

CA: Now, when we talked last week,

CA: Cando falamos a semana pasada,

you talked about some other trait that you have,

falaches dalgún outro trazo que tes

which I found really interesting.

bastante interesante.

It's this idea called taste.

Esa idea chamada gusto.

And I've just got a couple of images here.

E teño un par de imaxes aquí.

Seica, creo, este é un exemplo de código de non bo gusto precisamente

I think this is an example of not particularly good taste in code,

and this one is better taste,

e este ten mellor gusto,

which one can immediately see.

o que se pode ver inmediatamente.

What is the difference between these two?

Cal é a diferenza entre estes dous?

LT: So this is --

LT: Isto é...

How many people here actually have coded?

Canta xente aquí programou?

CA: Oh my goodness.

CA: Oh, meu deus.

LT: So I guarantee you,

LT: Eu garántoche que

everybody who raised their hand,

todo o mundo que levantou a man,

they have done what's called a singly-linked list.

fixo o que se chama unha lista ligada simple.

And it's taught --

E ensínase...

This, the first not very good taste approach,

Este, o primeiro enfoque que non ten moi bo gusto

is basically how it's taught to be done when you start out coding.

é, basicamente, como se ensina a facer cando comezas a programar.

And you don't have to understand the code.

E non tes que entender o código.

The most interesting part to me

A parte máis interesante para min

is the last if statement.

é a última condición if.

Because what happens in a singly-linked list --

Porque o que ocorre nunha lista ligada simple,

this is trying to remove an existing entry from a list --

isto é, ao eliminar un elemento existente dunha lista e...

and there's a difference between if it's the first entry

Hai unha diferenza dependendo de se é o primeiro elemento

or whether it's an entry in the middle.

ou se é un elemento da metade.

Because if it's the first entry,

Porque se é o primeiro elemento,

you have to change the pointer to the first entry.

tes que cambiar o punteiro para o primeiro elemento.

If it's in the middle,

Se está na metade,

you have to change the pointer of a previous entry.

tes que cambiar o punteiro dun elemento anterior.

So they're two completely different cases.

Así que son casos totalmente diferentes.

CA: And that's better.

CA: E ese é mellor.

LT: And this is better.

LT: E este é mellor.

It does not have the if statement.

Non ten a condición if.

And it doesn't really matter --

E, realmente, non importa.

I don't want you understand why it doesn't have the if statement,

Eu non quero que entendas por que non ten a condición if,

but I want you to understand

quero que entendas

that sometimes you can see a problem in a different way

que, ás veces, podes ver un problema doutra forma

e reescribilo para que desapareza un caso especial

and rewrite it so that a special case goes away

and becomes the normal case.

e se converta nun caso normal.

And that's good code.

E iso é bo código.

But this is simple code.

Pero é código simple.

This is CS 101.

Este é CS 101.

This is not important -- although, details are important.

Non é importante, aínda que os detalles son importantes.

To me, the sign of people I really want to work with

Para min, o que marca as persoas coas que quero traballar

is that they have good taste, which is how ...

é que teñen bo gusto, que é como...

I sent you this stupid example

Envieiche este estúpido exemplo

that is not relevant because it's too small.

que é irrelevante porque é moi pequeno.

Good taste is much bigger than this.

O bo gusto é moito máis grande que isto.

Good taste is about really seeing the big patterns

O bo gusto trata de ver realmente os grandes patróns

and kind of instinctively knowing what's the right way to do things.

e saber instintivamente cal é a mellor forma de facer as cousas.

CA: OK, so we're putting the pieces together here now.

CA: Ben, estamos aquí xuntando as pezas.

You have taste,

Ti tes gusto,

dun xeito que ten sentido para a xente do software.

in a way that's meaningful to software people.

You're --

Ti es...

(Laughter)

(Risos)

LT: I think it was meaningful to some people here.

LT: Penso que tivo sentido para algunha xente aquí.

CA: You're a very smart computer coder,

CA: Ti es un programador moi intelixente

and you're hellish stubborn.

e es soberanamente teimudo.

But there must be something else.

Pero ten que haber algo máis.

Cambiaches o futuro.

I mean, you've changed the future.

You must have the ability of these grand visions of the future.

Debes ter a capacidade desas grandes visións do futuro.

You're a visionary, right?

Es un visionario, non si?

LT: En realidade, sentinme un pouco incómodo no TED

LT: I've actually felt slightly uncomfortable at TED

for the last two days,

estes últimos dous días

because there's a lot of vision going on, right?

porque hai moita visión por aquí, non?

And I am not a visionary.

E eu non son un visionario.

I do not have a five-year plan.

Eu non teño un plan a 5 anos.

I'm an engineer.

Son enxeñeiro.

And I think it's really --

E penso que realmente é...

I mean -- I'm perfectly happy with all the people

Alégrome moito polas persoas

who are walking around and just staring at the clouds

que pasean mirando para as nubes

and looking at the stars and saying, "I want to go there."

ollando as estrelas e dicindo "Eu quero ir aí."

But I'm looking at the ground,

Pero eu miro para o chan

and I want to fix the pothole that's right in front of me

e quero arranxar a focha que hai en fronte de min

before I fall in.

antes de caer nela.

This is the kind of person I am.

Este é o tipo de persoa que son.

(Cheers)

(Aclamacións)

(Applause)

(Aplausos)

CA: So you spoke to me last week about these two guys.

CA: Faláchesme a semana pasada deses dous tipos.

Who are they and how do you relate to them?

Quen son e que relación tes con eles?

LT: Well, so this is kind of cliché in technology,

LT: Ben, este é unha especie de clixé na tecnoloxía,

the whole Tesla versus Edison,

o tema Tesla contra Edison,

where Tesla is seen as the visionary scientist and crazy idea man.

onde Tesla sempre se ve como o científico visionario e de ideas tolas.

And people love Tesla.

A xente adora a Tesla.

I mean, there are people who name their companies after him.

Hai xente que lle pon o seu nome ás empresas.

(Laughter)

(Risos)

The other person there is Edison,

A outra persoa é Edison,

who is actually often vilified for being kind of pedestrian

que a miúdo é desprezado por ser máis corrente

and is --

e é...

I mean, his most famous quote is,

é dicir, a súa cita máis famosa é:

"Genius is one percent inspiration and 99 percent perspiration."

"O xenio é 1 % de inspiración e 99 % de transpiración."

And I'm in the Edison camp,

Eu estou do lado de Edison,

even if people don't always like him.

mesmo se á xente non lle cae ben.

Because if you actually compare the two,

Porque se os comparas,

Tesla has kind of this mind grab these days,

Tesla ten unha mente que atrae nestes tempos,

but who actually changed the world?

pero quen cambiou realmente o mundo?

Edison may not have been a nice person,

Pode que Edison non fora unha persoa agradable,

he did a lot of things --

fixo moitas cousas...

he was maybe not so intellectual,

quizais non era tan intelectual

not so visionary.

nin tan visionario.

But I think I'm more of an Edison than a Tesla.

Pero eu penso que son máis un Edison que un Tesla.

CA: So our theme at TED this week is dreams --

CA: O tema do TED esta semana son os soños:

soños grandes, valentes, audaces.

big, bold, audacious dreams.

You're really the antidote to that.

Ti es un auténtico antídoto.

LT: I'm trying to dial it down a bit, yes.

LT: Intento desinchalo un pouco, si.

CA: That's good.

CA: Iso está ben.

(Laughter)

(Risos)

We embrace you, we embrace you.

Apoiámoste, apoiámoste.

Empresas como Google e moitas outras gañaron, podería dicirse,

Companies like Google and many others have made, arguably,

like, billions of dollars out of your software.

millóns de dólares grazas ao teu software.

Does that piss you off?

Moléstate?

LT: No.

LT: Non.

No, it doesn't piss me off for several reasons.

Non, non me molesta por varias razóns.

And one of them is, I'm doing fine.

E unha delas é que me vai ben.

I'm really doing fine.

Vaime moi ben.

But the other reason is --

Pero a outra razón é...

I mean, without doing the whole open source and really letting go thing,

Se eu non fixera o do código aberto e deixara pasar a cousa,

Linux would never have been what it is.

Linux nunca sería o que é.

And it's brought experiences I don't really enjoy, public talking,

E trouxo experiencias que non me gustan, falar en público...

but at the same time, this is an experience.

pero, ao mesmo tempo, é unha experiencia.

Trust me.

Crédeme.

So there's a lot of things going on that make me a very happy man

Hai un montón de cousas que me fan moi feliz

and thinking I did the right choices.

e me fan pensar que fixen as escollas correctas.

CA: Is the open source idea --

CA: A idea do código aberto

this is, I think we'll end here --

--e penso que rematamos aquí--,

is the open source idea fully realized now in the world,

a idea do código aberto está totalmente implantada no mundo

or is there more that it could go,

ou hai máis cara a onde andar,

are there more things that it could do?

hai máis cousas que se poden facer?

LT: So, I'm of two minds there.

LT: Aí teño dúas visións contrapostas.

I think one reason open source works so well in code

Penso que unha razón pola que o código aberto funciona tan ben

is that at the end of the day,

é que, á fin e ao cabo,

code tends to be somewhat black and white.

o código tende a ser branco ou negro.

There's often a fairly good way to decide,

A miúdo, hai unha maneira bastante boa de decidir,

this is done correctly and this is not done well.

isto está ben feito e isto está mal.

Code either works or it doesn't,

O código ou funciona ou non,

which means that there's less room for arguments.

o que significa que hai menos espazo para as discusións.

And we have arguments despite this, right?

E temos discusións a pesar disto, vale?

In many other areas --

En moitas outras áreas...

I mean, people have talked about open politics and things like that --

é dicir, a xente falaba de cousas como política aberta e así...

and it's really hard sometimes to say

e é difícil, ás veces, dicir

that, yes, you can apply the same principles in some other areas

que é posible aplicar os mesmos principios noutras áreas

just because the black and white turns into not just gray,

porque o branco e o negro non só se transforman en grises

but different colors.

senón noutras cores distintas.

So, obviously open source in science is making a comeback.

Obviamente, o código aberto está reaparecendo na ciencia.

Science was there first.

Na ciencia foi onde comezou.

But then science ended up being pretty closed,

Pero despois a ciencia acabou por ser moi pechada,

with very expensive journals and some of that going on.

con revistas moi caras e esas cousas.

And open source is making a comeback in science,

E o código aberto está reaparecendo na ciencia,

with things like arXiv and open journals.

con cousas como arXiv e revistas de acceso aberto.

Wikipedia changed the world, too.

Wikipedia tamén cambiou o mundo.

So there are other examples,

Hai outros exemplos

I'm sure there are more to come.

e estou seguro de que han vir máis...

CA: But you're not a visionary,

CA: Pero ti non es un visionario

and so it's not up to you to name them.

e non che corresponde imaxinalos.

LT: No.

LT: Non.

(Laughter)

(Risos)

It's up to you guys to make them, right?

Correspóndevos a vós facelo, non?

CA: Exactly.

CA: Exactamente.

Linus Torvalds,

Linus Torvalds,

thank you for Linux, thank you for the Internet,

grazas por Linux, grazas por Internet,

grazas por todos eses teléfonos Android.

thank you for all those Android phones.

Grazas por vires ao TED e revelarnos tanto de ti.

Thank you for coming here to TED and revealing so much of yourself.

LT: Grazas.

LT: Thank you.

(Aplausos)

(Applause)