The mind behind Linux | Linus Torvalds | TED

6,015,302 views ใƒป 2016-05-03

TED


ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ.

ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุฌู…: Ehab Alsaadi ุงู„ู…ุฏู‚ู‘ู‚: Ahmad Altamimi
00:13
Chris Anderson: This is such a strange thing.
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ูƒุฑูŠุณ ุฃู†ุฏุฑุณูˆู† :ุฅู†ู‡ ุดูŠุก ุนุธูŠู…
ุฃู† ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌูƒ ( ู„ูŠู†ูŠูƒุณ) ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ู…ู„ุงูŠูŠู† ุงู„ุญูˆุงุณูŠุจ ุŒ
00:15
Your software, Linux, is in millions of computers,
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00:18
it probably powers much of the Internet.
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ุฃู†ู‡ ุฑุจู…ุง ุฃุบู„ุจ ู…ุง ูŠุดุบู„ ุดุจูƒุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฑู†ุช .
00:22
And I think that there are, like,
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ูˆ ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑุŒ
00:24
a billion and a half active Android devices out there.
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ูุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ู…ู„ูŠุงุฑ ูˆ ู†ุตู ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ ุงู„ูุนุงู„ุฉ ุจู†ุธุงู… ุฃู†ุฏุฑูˆูŠุฏ ุŒ
00:27
Your software is in every single one of them.
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ูˆ ู†ุธุงู…ูƒ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจูƒู„ ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ููŠู‡ู… .
00:30
It's kind of amazing.
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ุฅู†ู‡ ุดูŠุก ุฑุงุฆุน !
00:31
You must have some amazing software headquarters driving all this.
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ูŠู†ุจุบูŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู…ุฑุงูƒุฒ ุชุญูƒู… ุนู…ู„ุงู‚ุฉ ู„ู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ู„ุชุฏูŠุฑ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง .
ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ูƒู†ุช ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏู‡ ูˆ ูƒู†ุช ู…ู†ุฏู‡ุดุงู‹ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุดุงู‡ุฏุช ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู„ู‡ุง .
00:37
That's what I thought -- and I was shocked when I saw a picture of it.
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุฃุนู†ูŠ
00:40
I mean, this is --
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุฑุงูƒุฒ ุชุญูƒู… ู„ูŠู†ูƒุณ
00:41
this is the Linux world headquarters.
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00:43
(Laughter)
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( ุถุญูƒ )
( ุชุตููŠู‚ )
00:45
(Applause)
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00:49
Linus Torvalds: It really doesn't look like much.
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ู„ูŠู†ูˆุณ ุชูˆุฑูุงู„ุฏุณ: ุฅู†ู‡ ูุนู„ุงูŽ ู„ุง ูŠุจุฏูˆุนุธูŠู…ุงูŽ.
00:52
And I have to say,
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ูˆ ูŠุฌุจ ุงู„ู‚ูˆู„ ุŒ
00:53
the most interesting part in this picture,
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ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑุฅุซุงุฑุฉูŽ ู„ู„ุฅู‡ุชู…ุงู… ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉุŒ
00:57
that people mostly react to,
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ูˆ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุบุงู„ุจุงูŽ ุณูŠู„ูุช ุงู†ุชุจุงู‡ ุงู„ู†ุงุณุŒ
00:59
is the walking desk.
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ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ูƒุชุจ ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฑูƒ .
01:00
It is the most interesting part in my office
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ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุฅุฏู‡ุงุดุงูŽ ููŠ ู…ูƒุชุจูŠ ุŒ
01:03
and I'm not actually using it anymore.
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ูˆุฃู†ุง ู„ุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ .
01:05
And I think the two things are related.
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ูˆุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู† ุงู„ุดูŠุฆุงู† ู…ุฑุชุจุทุงู† ุจุจุนุถู‡ู…ุง .
01:09
The way I work is ...
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ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฃุนู…ู„ ุจู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ
ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ู„ุง ุฃุฑูŠุฏ ุฃูŠ ู…ุคุซุฑ ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠ.
01:13
I want to not have external stimulation.
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ู„ุทูุงูŽ ู„ูˆ ุชุดุงู‡ุฏูˆุงุŒ ุงู„ุฃุถูˆุงุก ุงู„ุฎุถุฑุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุฏุฑุงู† .
01:18
You can kind of see, on the walls are this light green.
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01:23
I'm told that at mental institutions they use that on the walls.
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ุฃุฎุจุฑูˆู†ูŠ ููŠ ู…ุคุณุณุณุงุช ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุงู„ุนู‚ู„ูŠุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ู… ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู†ู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุฏุฑุงู† .
01:27
(Laughter)
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( ุถุญูƒ )
01:29
It's like a calming color,
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ุฃู†ู‡ ุญู‚ุงูŽ ู„ูˆู† ู…ู‡ุฏุฆ ุŒ
01:30
it's not something that really stimulates you.
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ูˆุฅู†ู‡ ู„ูŠุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุดุชุช ุฅู†ุชุจุงู‡ูƒ.
ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ู…ุดุงู‡ุฏุชู‡ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุŒ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุญุงุณูˆุจ ุฃู†ุช ุชุดุงู‡ุฏ ุงู„ุดุงุดุฉ ูู‚ุท ุŒ
01:35
What you can't see is the computer here, you only see the screen,
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01:39
but the main thing I worry about in my computer is --
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ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู‡ู…ู†ูŠ ููŠ ุญุงุณูˆุจูŠ ู‡ูˆ
01:42
it doesn't have to be big and powerful, although I like that --
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ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุง ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ูƒุจูŠุฑุงูŽ ูˆ ุฌุจุงุฑุงูŽ ุŒ ุจุงู„ุฑุบู… ูƒูˆู†ูŠ ุฃุญุจู‡ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ูƒุฐู„ูƒ
01:46
it really has to be completely silent.
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุตุงู…ุช ุชู…ุงู…ุงูŽ .
01:49
I know people who work for Google
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ุฃุนุฑู ุนุฏุฉ ุฃุดุฎุงุต ูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู† ููŠ ุบูˆุบู„
01:52
and they have their own small data center at home,
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ูˆู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ู…ุฑุงูƒุฒ ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช ุฎุงุตุฉ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ููŠ ู…ู†ุงุฒู„ู‡ู…ุŒ
01:55
and I don't do that.
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ุฃู†ุง ู„ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู… ุจุนู…ู„ ู‡ุฐุง
01:56
My office is the most boring office you'll ever see.
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ู…ูƒุชุจูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ูƒุชุจ ู…ู…ู„ ุณุชุดุงู‡ุฏู‡ .
02:00
And I sit there alone in the quiet.
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ูˆุฃุฌู„ุณ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ูˆุญูŠุฏุงูŽ ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ุฏูˆุก .
02:04
If the cat comes up,
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ุฅุฐุง ุฌุงุฆุชู†ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ุทุฉ ุŒ
ุชุฌู„ุณ ููŠ ุญุถู†ูŠ.
02:06
it sits in my lap.
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02:08
And I want to hear the cat purring,
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ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุฃูุถู„ ุณู…ุงุน ุตูˆุช ุงู„ู‚ุทุฉ ุŒ
02:10
not the sound of the fans in the computer.
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ูˆู„ูŠุณ ุตูˆุช ุงู„ู…ุจุฑุฏุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงุณูˆุจ
02:13
CA: So this is astonishing,
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ูƒุฑูŠุณ ุฃู†ุฏุฑุณูˆู† : ู…ุฏู‡ุด !
02:14
because working this way,
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ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุŒ
02:17
you're able to run this vast technology empire --
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฅู†ุชุดุงุฑ ูˆู„ุฅู…ุจุฑุงุทูˆุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง
02:20
it is an empire --
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ู†ุนู… ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุฅู…ุจุฑุงุทูˆุฑูŠุฉ
02:21
so that's an amazing testament to the power of open source.
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ู„ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠ ุดู‡ุงุฏุฉ ุฑุงุฆุนุฉ ุนู† ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ูุชูˆุญ .
02:25
Tell us how you got to understand open source
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ุฃุฎุจุฑู†ุง ูƒูŠู ุชูˆุตู„ุช ู„ุฅูƒุชุดุงู ุงุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ูุชูˆุญ ุŸ
02:29
and how it lead to the development of Linux.
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ูˆ ูƒูŠู ู‚ุงุฏ ููŠ ุชุทูˆูŠุฑ ( ู„ูŠู†ูŠูƒุณ ) .
02:33
LT: I mean, I still work alone.
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ู„ูŠู†ูˆุณ ุชูˆุฑูุงู„ุฏุณ:ู„ุง ุฒู„ุช ุฃุนู…ู„ ู„ูˆุญุฏูŠ ุŒ
02:35
Really -- I work alone in my house,
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ุญู‚ูŠู‚ู‰ุฉ ู…ุง ุฒู„ุช ุฃุนู…ู„ ูˆุญูŠุฏุงูŽ ููŠ ู…ู†ุฒู„ูŠ ุŒ
02:38
often in my bathrobe.
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ูˆ ุบุงู„ุจุงูŽ ููŠ ุงู„ุญู…ุงู… .
02:40
When a photographer shows up, I dress up,
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูˆุตู„ ุงู„ู…ุตูˆุฑ ุŒ ู„ุจุณุช ุŒ
02:42
so I have clothes on.
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02:43
(Laughter)
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ู„ุฐุง ุฃุธู‡ุฑ ุจุซูŠุงุจ .
( ุถุญูƒ )
02:45
And that's how I've always worked.
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ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ุฃู†ุง ุฃุนู…ู„ ุฏุงุฆู…ุงูŽ ุŒ
02:47
I mean, this was how I started Linux, too.
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ู…ุง ุฃุนู†ูŠู‡ ุŒ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ุจุฏุฃุช ุจ ( ู„ูŠู†ูŠูƒุณ ) ุŒ ูƒุฐู„ูƒ .
02:49
I did not start Linux as a collaborative project.
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ู„ู… ุฃุจุฏุฃ ( ู„ูŠู†ูŠูƒุณ ) ูƒู…ุดุฑูˆุน ุชุนุงูˆู†ูŠ ุŒ
ุจู„ ุจุฏุฃุช ููŠู‡ ูƒุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุนุฏุฉ ู…ุดุงุฑูŠุน
02:53
I started it as one in a series of many projects
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02:57
I had done at the time for myself,
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ุฃุชู…ู…ุชู‡ุง ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ู„ู†ูุณูŠ ุŒ
03:01
partly because I needed the end result,
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ุฑุจู…ุง ู„ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ุฃุฑุฏุช ู…ุญุตู„ุฉ ู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠุฉุŒ
03:03
but even more because I just enjoyed programming.
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ูˆ ู„ุณุจุจ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู„ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ุฃุณุชู…ุชุนุช ุจุงู„ุจุฑู…ุฌุฉ.
03:06
So it was about the end of the journey,
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ู„ุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุดูƒ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉุŒ
03:10
which, 25 years later, we still have not reached.
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ุญุชู‰ ุจุนุฏ 25 ุนุงู…ุงูŽ ู„ู… ู†ุญู‚ู‚ ุดูŠุฆุง .
03:13
But it was really about the fact that I was looking for a project on my own
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ู„ูƒู† ูƒุงู†ุช ุญูˆู„ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุชุทู„ุนูŠ ู„ู…ุดุฑูˆุนูŠ ุงู„ุฎุงุต
03:17
and there was no open source, really, on my radar at all.
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ูˆู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู†ุธุงู… ู…ูุชูˆุญ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉูŽ ุจุชููƒูŠุฑูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅุทู„ุงู‚.
03:21
And what happened is ...
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุญุฏุซ ุฃู†ู‡..
ู‚ุฏ ุชุทูˆู‘ุฑ ุงู„ู…ุดุฑูˆุน ูˆุฃุตุจุญ ุดูŠุฆุงูŽ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ุชุทู„ุน ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุนู„ูŠู‡ .
03:24
the project grows and becomes something you want to show off to people.
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03:30
Really, this is more of a, "Wow, look at what I did!"
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ุญู‚ุงูŽ "ุฅู†ู‡ ู„ุดุฆ ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุฎูŠุงู„" ุงู†ุธุฑูˆุง ู…ุง ูุนู„ุช !
03:34
And trust me -- it was not that great back then.
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ุซู‚ ุจูŠ , ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนุธู…ุฉ ุขู†ุฐุงูƒ .
ูˆ ุฌุนู„ุชู‡ ู…ุชุงุญ ู„ู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ุŒ
03:38
I made it publicly available,
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03:40
and it wasn't even open source at that point.
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, ูˆู„ูƒู† ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ู†ุธุงู… ู…ูุชูˆุญ ููŠ ูˆู‚ุชู‡ุงุŒ
03:42
At that point it was source that was open, but there was no intention
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ููŠ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ูƒุงู† ู†ุธุงู… ู…ุตุฏุฑ ูˆูƒุงู† ู…ูุชูˆุญุงูŽ ูˆู„ูƒู† ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃูŠู‘ ู†ูŠุฉ ุŒ
03:47
behind using the kind of open-source methodology that we think of today
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ู„ุฅุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู…ุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ู…ูุชูˆุญ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุญุงู„ูŠุงูŽ
03:52
to improve it.
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ู„ุชุทูˆูŠุฑู‡ ุŒ
03:53
It was more like,
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุฌุฑู‰ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุŒ
03:54
"Look, I've been working on this for half a year,
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" ุงู†ุธุฑูˆุง ู„ู‚ุฏ ุนู…ู„ุช ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุดุฑูˆุน ู„ู…ุฏุฉ ู†ุตู ุณู†ุฉ ุŒ
03:58
I'd love to have comments."
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ุฃูˆุฏ ุณู…ุงุน ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุชูƒู… ูˆ ุฃุฑุงุฆูƒู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ . "
04:00
And other people approached me.
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ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุฌุงุคุง ุฅู„ูŠ
04:03
At the University of Helsinki,
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ููŠ ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ู‡ูŠู„ุณู†ูƒูŠ ุŒ
04:04
I had a friend who was one of the open source --
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ู„ุฏูŠ ุตุฏูŠู‚ ูƒุงู† ู…ู† ู…ู†ุชุณุจูŠ ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ูุชูˆุญ
04:08
it was called mainly "free software" back then --
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ูƒุงู† ูŠุทู„ู‚ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฃุณุงุณุงูŽ "ุงู„ุจุฑู…ุฌูŠุงุช ุงู„ุญุฑุฉ" ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุŒ
04:12
and he actually introduced me to the notion that, hey,
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ูˆู‚ุฏู… ู„ูŠ ููƒุฑุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ ุŒ ู…ู‡ู„ุงูŽ ุŒ
04:16
you can use these open-source licenses that had been around.
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ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูƒ ุฃุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุฑุฎุต ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ูุชูˆุญ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู… ุชุฑุฎูŠุตู‡ุง
04:24
And I thought about it for a while.
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ูˆ ููƒุฑุช ุจู‡ุฐุง ู„ูุชุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุŒ
04:26
I was actually worried about the whole commercial interests coming in.
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ูƒู†ุช ู‚ู„ู‚ุงูŽ ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงุณุจ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏูŠุฉ.
04:29
I mean, that's one of the worries I think most people who start out have,
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ุฃุนู†ูŠ ุŒ ุฃู†ู‡ ูƒุงู† ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฎุงูˆู ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠุทู„ู‚ูˆู† ุดูŠุฆุงูŽุŒ
ุณูŠุจุฏูˆู† ู‚ู„ู‚ุงูŽ ุนู† ู…ู† ุณูŠุณุชููŠุฏ ู…ู† ุนู…ู„ู‡ู… ุฃู„ูŠุณ ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุŸ
04:34
is that they worry about somebody taking advantage of their work, right?
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04:39
And I decided, "What the hell?"
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ูˆ ู‚ุฑุฑุช ุŒ ู…ุง ู‡ุฐุง ..
04:43
And --
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ูˆ ..
04:44
CA: And then at some point,
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ุฃู†ุฏุฑุณูˆู†: ููŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู…ุง ุŒ
ุณุงู‡ู… ุดุฎุต ุจุจุนุถ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู…ุงุช ุงู„ุจุฑู…ุฌูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฅุนุชุจุฑุชู‡ุง ุŒ
04:46
someone contributed some code that you thought,
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04:48
"Wow, that really is interesting, I would not have thought of that.
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"ู…ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุฅู†ู‡ ู…ุฏู‡ุด ู„ู… ุฃูƒู† ู‚ุฏ ููƒุฑุช ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง!
ุฃู†ู‡ ุณูŠุทูˆุฑู‡ ุจุงู„ูุนู„ " .
04:51
This could actually improve this."
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ู„ูŠู†ูˆุณ ุชูˆุฑูุงู„ุฏุณ: ู„ู… ุชุจุฏุฃ ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ุจู…ุณุงู‡ู…ุฉ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุŒ
04:53
LT: It didn't even start by people contributing code,
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04:56
it was more that people started contributing ideas.
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู†ุช ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุจู…ุณุงู‡ู…ุฉ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃููƒุงุฑ .
04:59
And just the fact that somebody else takes a look at your project --
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ูˆ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุฃู† ุดุฎุต ุขุฎุฑ ูŠู„ู‚ูŠ ู†ุธุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุดุฑูˆุนูƒ
05:03
and I'm sure it's true of other things, too,
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ุฃู†ุง ู…ุชุฃูƒุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ููŠ ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ุŒ
05:05
but it's definitely true in code --
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ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุทุจุน ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฑู…ุฌุฉ
05:07
is that somebody else takes an interest in your code,
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ุฃู†ู‡ ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุดุฎุต ู…ู‡ุชู… ุจุนู…ู„ูƒ ุงู„ุจุฑู…ุฌูŠุŒ
05:10
looks at it enough to actually give you feedback
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ูˆ ุฃู„ู‚ู‰ ู†ุธุฑุฉ ูƒุงููŠุฉ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู„ูŠุนุทูŠูƒ ุฑุฃูŠู‡ ุงู„ุดุฎุตูŠ ููŠู‡ุง
05:13
and give you ideas.
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ูˆ ูŠุนุทูŠูƒ ุฃููƒุงุฑ ุฃูŠุถุงูŽ .
ู„ู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู† ุดูŠุฆุงูŽ ุนุธูŠู…ุงูŽ ู„ูŠ .
05:15
That was a huge thing for me.
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู† ุนู…ุฑูŠ 21 ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุฃูŠ ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ูƒู†ุช ู„ุงุฒู„ุช ุดุงุจุงูŽ .
05:17
I was 21 at the time, so I was young,
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05:20
but I had already programmed for half my life, basically.
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. ูˆู„ูƒู†ู†ูŠ ูƒู†ุช ู‚ุฏ ุนู…ู„ุช ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฑู…ุฌุฉ ู†ุตู ุญูŠุงุชูŠ ุฃุณุงุณุงูŽ ุŒ
05:24
And every project before that had been completely personal
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ูˆูƒู„ ู…ุดุฑูˆุน ู‚ุจู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ูƒุงู† ู…ุดุฑูˆุนุงูŽ ุดุฎุตูŠุงูŽ
05:28
and it was a revelation when people just started commenting,
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ูˆุญุตู„ ุงู„ูƒุดู ุนู†ู‡ุŒ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ูŠุจุฏูˆู† ุขุฑุงุฆู‡ู… ุŒ
05:31
started giving feedback on your code.
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ูˆ ุฑุฏูˆุฏ ุฃูุนุงู„ู‡ู… ุนู† ุนู…ู„ูƒ ุงู„ุจุฑู…ุฌูŠ .
05:34
And even before they started giving code back,
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ูˆ ุญุชู‰ ู‚ุจู„ ุฃู† ูŠุจุฏุฃูˆุง ุฃุนุทุงุก ุฃุฑุงุฆู‡ู… ุŒ
05:38
that was, I think, one of the big moments where I said,
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู†ุช ุฃุญุฏู‰ ุฃู‡ู… ู„ุญุธุงุชูŠ ุญูŠุซ ู‚ู„ุชุŒ
05:41
"I love other people!"
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" ุฃุญุจ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ "
05:43
Don't get me wrong --
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ู„ุง ุชูู‡ู…ูˆู†ูŠ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฎุงุทุฆ
05:44
I'm actually not a people person.
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ุฃู†ุง ุญู‚ุงูŽ ู„ุณุช ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุงู„ุฅุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠ ุŒ
05:46
(Laughter)
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( ุถุญูƒ )
05:49
I don't really love other people --
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ุฃู†ุง ุญู‚ุงูŽ ู„ุง ุฃุญุจ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุŒ
05:52
(Laughter)
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( ุถุญูƒ )
05:53
But I love computers,
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ู„ูƒู†ู†ูŠ ุฃุญุจ ุงู„ุญูˆุงุณูŠุจ
05:54
I love interacting with other people on email,
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ุฃุญุจ ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุจุฑูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ูŠ ุŒ
05:57
because it kind of gives you that buffer.
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ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุฌุนู„ูƒ ุจู…ุนุฒู„ ุนู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ .
06:00
But I do love other people who comment and get involved in my project.
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ู„ูƒู†ูŠ ุฃุญุจ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠุจุฏูˆู† ุฃุฑุงุฆู‡ู… ูˆูŠุณุงู‡ู…ูˆู† ููŠ ู…ุดุฑูˆุนูŠ .
06:06
And it made it so much more.
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ูˆูŠุฌุนู„ูˆู†ู‡ ุดูŠุฆุง ุนุธูŠู…ุงูŽ .
06:09
CA: So was there a moment when you saw what was being built
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ูƒุฑูŠุณ ุฃู†ุฏุฑุณูˆู† : ู„ู‚ุฏ ู…ุฑ ุนู„ูŠูƒ ู„ุญุธุฉ ูˆุฃู†ุช ุชุดุงู‡ุฏ ู…ุง ุชู… ุจู†ุงุคู‡
06:12
and it suddenly started taking off,
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ูˆ ุซู… ูุฌุฃุฉ ุชู… ุฃุฎุฐู‡ ู…ู†ูƒ ุŒ
06:14
and you thought, "Wait a sec, this actually could be something huge,
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ูˆ ุฃุฎุฐุช ุชููƒุฑ " ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ุงุชู…ู‡ู„ ุŒ ู…ุดุฑูˆุนูŠ ุณูŠุตุจุญ ู…ุดุฑูˆุนุงูŽ ุนุธูŠู…ุงูŽ ุŒ
06:17
not just a personal project that I'm getting nice feedback on,
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ูˆ ู„ูŠุณ ูู‚ุท ู…ุดุฑูˆุน ุดุฎุตูŠ ุŒ ุฃุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฑุฏูˆุฏ ูˆ ุฃุฑุงุก ุงูŠุฌุงุจูŠุฉ ุนู†ู‡ ุŒ
06:20
but a kind of explosive development in the whole technology world"?
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุทูˆุฑ ุงู„ู‡ุงุฆู„ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง ุŸ
06:25
LT: Not really.
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ู„ูŠู†ูˆุณ ุชูˆุฑูุงู„ุฏุณ: ู„ูŠุณ ุชู…ุงู…ุงูŽ ุŒ
06:27
I mean, the big point for me, really, was not when it was becoming huge,
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ู…ุง ุฃุนู†ูŠู‡ ุŒ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู…ุฉ ุงู„ูุงุฑู‚ุฉ ู„ูŠุŒ ู„ู… ุชูƒู† ุฃู†ู‡ ุฃุตุจุญ ุดูŠุฆุงูŽ ุนุธูŠู…ุงูŽ ุŒ
06:30
it was when it was becoming little.
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู†ุช ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูุงุฑู‚ุฉ ู„ูŠ ู…ู†ุฐ ูƒุงู† ู…ุดุฑูˆุนุงูŽ ุตุบูŠุฑุงูŽ .
06:33
The big point for me was not being alone
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ุงู„ูุงุฑู‚ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุจุฑ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ู„ุง ุฃูƒูˆู† ูˆุญูŠุฏุงูŽ
06:37
and having 10, maybe 100 people being involved --
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ุญูŠุซ ุญุตู„ุช ุนู„ู‰ 10 ุฃูˆ ุฑุจู…ุง 100 ู…ุดุงุฑูƒูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุดุฑูˆุน
06:40
that was a big point.
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู† ุดูŠุฆุงูŽ ูุงุฑู‚ุงูŽ .
06:42
Then everything else was very gradual.
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ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ูƒู„ ุดูŠุฆ ุตุงุฑ ูŠุฒุฏุงุฏ ุชุฏุฑูŠุฌูŠุงูŽ .
06:45
Going from 100 people to a million people is not a big deal -- to me.
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ู…ู† 100 ุดุฎุถ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ู„ุงูŠูŠู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ุดูŠุฆุงูŽ ุนุธูŠู…ุงูŽ .. ู„ูŠ .
06:49
Well, I mean, maybe it is if you're --
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ุญุณู†ุงูŽ ุŒ ุฃุนู†ูŠ ุŒ ุฑุจู…ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ุฃุฐุง ูƒู†ุช
06:51
(Laughter)
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( ุถุญูƒ )
06:52
If you want to sell your result then it's a huge deal --
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ุฃุฐุง ุฃุฑุฏุช ุจูŠุน ุญุตูŠู„ุฉ ุนู…ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูุงุฑู‚ ุงู„ุนุธูŠู… .
06:55
don't get me wrong.
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ู„ุง ุชูู‡ู…ูˆู†ูŠ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฎุงุทุฆ
06:56
But if you're interested in the technology
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ู„ูƒู†ูƒ ุงุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ู…ู‡ุชู…ุงูŽ ุจุงู„ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุงุŒ
06:58
and you're interested in the project,
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ูˆ ุฃู‡ุชู…ู…ุช ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุดุฑูˆุนุŒ
ุงู„ุดูŠุฆ ุงู„ุนุธูŠู… ูƒุงู† ุฏุฎูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุน .
07:00
the big part was getting the community.
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07:02
Then the community grew gradually.
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ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุฃุฎุฐ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ูŠู†ู…ูˆ ุชุฏุฑูŠุฌูŠุงูŽ .
07:04
And there's actually not a single point where I went like,
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ูˆู‡ู†ุงูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ู„ูŠุณุช ุนู„ุงู…ุฉ ูุงุฑู‚ุฉ ูˆุญูŠุฏุฉ ูู‚ุท ุญูŠุซ ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ุจุฏุฃุชุŒ
07:08
"Wow, that just took off!" because it --
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"ู†ุฌุงุญ ุจุงู‡ุฑุŒ ุฃู†ุง ู„ู„ุชูˆ ุฃู‚ู„ุนุช ! " ู„ุฃู†
07:10
I mean -- it took a long time, relatively.
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ุฃุนู†ูŠ - ุฃู†ู‡ ุงุณุชุบุฑู‚ ูˆู‚ุชุง ุทูˆูŠู„ุง ู†ุณุจูŠุงูŽ .
07:13
CA: So all the technologists that I talk to really credit you
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ุฃู†ุฏุฑุณูˆู†: ุงู„ุงุดุฎุงุต ููŠ ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ุชุญุฏุซุช ู…ุนู‡ู… ูŠุฏูŠู†ูˆู† ู„ูƒ ุจุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ
07:16
with massively changing their work.
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ู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ู†ุทุงู‚ ูˆุงุณุน .
07:19
And it's not just Linux,
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ูˆ ู„ูŠุณ ุจุณุจุจ ( ู„ูŠู†ูŠูƒุณ ) ูู‚ุท ุŒ
07:21
it's this thing called Git,
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ุฅู†ู…ุง ุจุณุจุจ ุงู„ุดุฆ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุฏุนู‰"ุฌูŠุช"ุŒ
07:22
which is this management system for software development.
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ุฅุฏุงุฑูŠ ู„ุชุทูˆูŠุฑ ุงู„ุจุฑู…ุฌูŠุงุช.
07:26
Tell us briefly about that and your role in that.
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ุฃุฎุจุฑู†ุง ุจุฅูŠุฌุงุฑ ุนู† ุฐู„ูƒ ูˆ ุฏูˆุฑูƒ ููŠู‡ .
07:30
LT: So one of the issues we had,
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ุชูˆุฑูุงู„ุฏุณ:ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูˆุงุฌู‡ุชู†ุง ุŒ
07:32
and this took a while to start to appear,
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ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุฃุฎุฐุช ูˆู‚ุช ุญุชู‰ ุธู‡ุฑุช ุŒ
07:35
is when you ...
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ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง
ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠู†ู…ูˆ ู…ุดุฑูˆุนูƒ ู…ู† ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ 10 ุฃุดุฎุงุต ุฃูˆ 100 ุดุฎุต ูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู† ููŠู‡
07:37
When you grow from having 10 people or 100 people working on a project
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07:43
to having 10,000 people, which --
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ุงู„ู‰ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ 10ุŒ000 ุดุฎุต ุŒ
07:45
I mean, right now we're in the situation where just on the kernel,
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ู…ุง ุฃุนู†ูŠู‡ ุŒ ุฃู†ู†ุง ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ูˆุถุน ูˆุฌูˆุฏู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฌูˆู‡ุฑ ุŒ
07:48
we have 1,000 people involved in every single release
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ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง 1000 ุดุฎุต ู…ุณุงู‡ู…ูŠู† ููŠ ูƒู„ ุฅุตุฏุงุฑ
07:52
and that's every two months, roughly two or three months.
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูŠุชูƒุฑุฑ ูƒู„ ุดู‡ุฑูŠู†ุŒ ู…ุง ูŠู‚ุฑุจ ู…ู† ุดู‡ุฑูŠู† ุฃูˆ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃุดู‡ุฑ.
07:56
Some of those people don't do a lot.
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ุจุนุถ ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู„ู… ูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ .
07:58
There's a lot of people who make small, small changes.
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ู‚ุฏู…ูˆุง ุงู„ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑุงุช .
08:01
But to maintain this,
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ูˆ ู„ูƒู† ู„ู„ุญูุงุธ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุŒ
08:03
the scale changes how you have to maintain it.
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ุงู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑุงุช ุงู„ูˆุงุณุนุฉ ูˆุงู„ุญูุงุธ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง.
08:06
And we went through a lot of pain.
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ูˆุงุฌู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุตุงุนุจ .
ูˆ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุดุฑูˆุนุงุช ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉ ู„ุตูŠุงู†ุฉ ุงู„ุฑู…ุฒ ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑูŠ .
08:10
And there are whole projects that do only source-code maintenance.
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08:17
CVS is the one that used to be the most commonly used,
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ุณูŠ.ููŠ.ุฅุณ ู‡ูˆ ุฃุญุฏ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจุฑุงู…ุฌ ุฅุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ุงูŽ ุŒ
08:20
and I hated CVS with a passion and refused to touch it
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ูˆ ู„ู‚ุฏ ูƒุฑู‡ุช ุณูŠ.ููŠ.ุฅุณ ูƒุซูŠุฑุงูŽ ูˆ ุฑูุถุช ุฅุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡
08:24
and tried something else that was radical and interesting
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ูˆ ุฌุฑุจุช ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุฅู…ุชุงุนุงูŽ
08:27
and everybody else hated.
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ูˆ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑูŠู† ูƒุฑู‡ูˆู‡ุง .
ูƒุฑูŠุณ ุฃู†ุฏุฑุณูˆู† : ( ุถุญูƒ )
08:31
CA: (Laughs)
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08:32
LT: And we were in this bad spot,
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ู„ูŠู†ูˆุณ ุชูˆุฑูุงู„ุฏุณ: ู„ู‚ุฏ ูƒู†ุง ููŠ ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุณูŠุก ุŒ
08:34
where we had thousands of people who wanted to participate,
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ุญูŠุซ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ุขู„ุงู ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠุฑูŠุฏูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุดุงุฑูƒุฉ ุŒ
08:37
but in many ways, I was the kind of break point,
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ูˆ ู„ูƒู† ุจุนุฏุฉ ุฃุดูƒุงู„ ุฃู†ุง ูƒู†ุช ููŠ ู…ูƒุงู† ุฃุฑูŠุฏ ุงู„ุชูˆู‚ู ุŒ
08:42
where I could not scale to the point
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ูˆู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ูŠ ุงู„ุชูˆุณุน ู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ
08:44
where I could work with thousands of people.
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ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ู…ุน ุขู„ุงู ุงู„ู†ุงุณ .
08:47
So Git is my second big project,
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุฌูŠุช ู‡ูˆ ู…ุดุฑูˆุนูŠ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุŒ
08:50
which was only created for me to maintain my first big project.
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฃู†ุดุฃุชู‡ ู„ู„ู…ุญุงูุธุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุดุฑูˆุนูŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„.
08:55
And this is literally how I work.
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ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุญุฑููŠุงูŽ ูƒูŠู ูƒู†ุช ุฃุนู…ู„ .
08:57
I don't code for --
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ู„ู… ุฃุจุฑู…ุฌ ู„ ...
09:00
well, I do code for fun --
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ุญุณู†ุงูŽุŒ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฑู…ุฌุช ู„ู„ุชุณู„ูŠุฉ
09:01
but I want to code for something meaningful
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ู„ูƒู† ุฃุฑูŠุฏ ุฃู† ุฃุจุฑู…ุฌ ุดูŠุก ุฐุง ู…ุนู†ู‰
09:04
so every single project I've ever done has been something I needed
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูƒู„ ู…ุดุฑูˆุน ุฃุชู…ู…ุชู‡ ูƒุงู† ู„ุดูŠุก ุฃู†ุง ุฃุฑุฏุชู‡
09:08
and --
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ูˆ ....
09:09
CA: So really, both Linux and Git kind of arose
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ูƒุฑูŠุณ ุฃู†ุฏุฑุณูˆู† : ูุนู„ูŠุงูŽ ูƒู„ุงูŽ ู…ู† ู„ูŠู†ูƒุณ ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู†ุดุฃ
ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ูƒู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ู‚ุตูˆุฏุฉ
09:13
almost as an unintended consequence
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09:15
of your desire not to have to work with too many people.
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ู„ุฑุบุจุชูƒ ุฃู† ู„ุง ุชุนู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ .
ุชูˆุฑูุงู„ุฏุณ: ุจุงู„ุทุจุน ู†ุนู… .
09:18
LT: Absolutely. Yes.
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09:19
(Laughter)
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( ุถุญูƒ )
09:20
CA: That's amazing. LT: Yeah.
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ูƒุฑูŠุณ ุฃู†ุฏุฑุณูˆู† : ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุฐู‡ู„ . ู„ูŠู†ูˆุณ ุชูˆุฑูุงู„ุฏุณ: ู†ุนู… .
09:22
(Applause)
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09:23
And yet, you're the man who's transformed technology
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( ุชุตููŠู‚ )
ูˆ ุฃูŠุถุงูŽ ุŒ ูƒู†ุช ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง
09:27
not just once but twice,
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ู„ูŠุณ ูู‚ุท ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุŒุจู„ ู…ุฑุชูŠู†ุŒ
09:28
and we have to try and understand why it is.
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ูˆุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ุนู„ู… ู„ู…ุงุฐุง
ูˆ ู…ุง ุฒู„ุช ุชุนุทูŠู†ุง ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุงุฆู†ุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู†
09:31
You've given us some clues, but ...
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09:32
Here's a picture of you as a kid, with a Rubik's Cube.
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูƒ ูƒุทูู„ ูˆ ู…ุนูƒ ู…ูƒุนุจ ุฑูˆุจูŠูƒ
09:37
You mentioned that you've been programming since you were like 10 or 11,
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุฃุฑุฏูุช ุฃู†ูƒ ุชุจุฑู…ุฌ ู…ู†ุฐ ูƒุงู† ุนู…ุฑูƒ 10 ุฃูˆ 11ุŒ
09:41
half your life.
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ู†ุตู ุญูŠุงุชูƒ.
09:43
Were you this sort of computer genius, you know, รผbernerd,
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ู‡ู„ ูƒู†ุช ุฃุญุฏ ุนุจุงู‚ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุญุงุณูˆุจ, ู…ู‡ูˆูˆุณุงูŽ ุจุงู„ุชุนู„ู…ุŒ
09:46
were you the star at school who could do everything?
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ู‡ู„ ูƒู†ุช ุงู„ุฃูุถู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏุฑุนู„ู‰ ุฃู† ูŠูุนู„ ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ุŸ
09:49
What were you like as a kid?
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ูƒูŠู ูƒู†ุช ูƒุทูู„ ุŸ
ู„ูŠู†ูˆุณ ุชูˆุฑูุงู„ุฏุณ:ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ูŠ ูƒู†ุช ู…ู† ู†ู…ุท ุงู„ุทุงู„ุจ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุฐุงูƒุฑ .
09:52
LT: Yeah, I think I was the prototypical nerd.
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09:54
I mean, I was ...
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ุฃุนู†ูŠ ุŒ ุฃู†ูŠ ูƒู†ุช ...
09:57
I was not a people person back then.
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ู„ู… ุฃูƒู† ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุงู„ุฅุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠ ุฃู†ุฐุงูƒ .
09:59
That's my younger brother.
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ู‡ุฐุง ุฃุฎูŠ ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑ.
10:01
I was clearly more interested in the Rubik's Cube
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ูƒู†ุช ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุงุณุชู…ุชุงุนุงูŽ ููŠ ู…ูƒุนุจ ุฑูˆุจูŠูƒ
10:04
than my younger brother.
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ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฃุฎูŠ .
10:06
(Laughter)
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( ุถุญูƒ )
10:07
My younger sister, who's not in the picture,
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ุฃุฎุชูŠ ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ุง ุชุธู‡ุฑ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ
ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูƒู†ุง ู†ุฌุชู…ุน ุงุฌุชู…ุงุนุงุช ุนุงุฆู„ูŠุฉ ุŒ
10:10
when we had family meetings --
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10:12
and it's not a huge family, but I have, like, a couple of cousins --
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ูˆู„ู… ุชูƒู† ุนุงุฆู„ุชู†ุง ุจุงู„ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุŒ ูˆ ู„ูƒู† ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠ ุฃุซู†ูŠู† ู…ู† ุฃูˆู„ุงุฏ ุนู…ูˆู…ุชูŠุŒ
10:16
she would prep me beforehand.
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู†ุช ุชุญุถุฑู†ูŠ ู…ุณุจู‚ุงูŽ .
10:19
Like, before I stepped into the room she would say,
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ู‚ุจู„ ุฃู† ุฃุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ุบุฑูุฉ ูƒุงู†ุช ุชู‚ูˆู„ ุŒ
10:22
"OK. That's so-and-so ..."
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" ู†ุนู… . ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒุฐู„ูƒ .. "
10:25
Because I was not --
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ู„ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ู„ู… ุฃูƒู† ...
ูƒู†ุช ู…ู‡ูˆูˆุณุงูŽ .
10:28
I was a geek.
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10:29
I was into computers,
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ู…ู‡ูˆูˆุณุงูŽ ุจุงู„ุญูˆุงุณูŠุจ ุŒ
10:30
I was into math,
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ู…ู‡ูˆูˆุณุงูŽ ุจุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุงุช ุŒ
10:31
I was into physics.
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ู…ู‡ูˆูˆุณุงูŽ ุจุงู„ููŠุฒูŠุงุก .
ู„ู‚ุฏ ูƒู†ุช ุฌูŠุฏุงูŽ ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ .
10:33
I was good at that.
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10:34
I don't think I was particularly exceptional.
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ุฃู†ุง ู„ุง ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ูƒู†ุช ุงุณุชุซู†ุงุฆูŠ ุจู…ุฌุงู„ ู…ุนูŠู† .
10:37
Apparently, my sister said
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ุจูˆุถูˆุญ ุŒ ู‚ุงู„ุช ุฃุฎุชูŠ
10:39
that my biggest exceptional quality was that I would not let go.
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ุฃู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ูŠุฒุฉ ุฅุณุชุซู†ุงุฆูŠุฉ ุฃู…ุชู„ูƒู‡ุง ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ู„ุง ุฃุณุชุณู„ู… .
10:47
CA: OK, so let's go there, because that's interesting.
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ุฃู†ุฏุฑุณูˆู† : ู†ุนู… ุฏุนู†ุง ู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ู‡ุฐุง ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุซูŠุฑ ู„ู„ุฅู‡ุชู…ุงู… .
10:50
You would not let go.
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ุฃู†ูƒ ู„ุง ุชุณุชุณู„ู… .
10:51
So that's not about being a geek and being smart,
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ุฃูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจูƒูˆู†ูƒ ู…ู‡ูˆูˆุณ ุฃูˆ ุฐูƒูŠุŒ
10:54
that's about being ... stubborn?
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ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจูƒูˆู†ูƒ ุนู†ูŠุฏ ุŸ
10:57
LT: That's about being stubborn.
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ุชูˆุฑูุงู„ุฏุณ: ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชุชุนู„ู‚ ุจูƒูˆู†ูŠ ุนู†ูŠุฏ .
10:58
That's about, like,
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ู‡ุฐุง ุดูŠุกุŒ ู…ุซู„ุŒ
11:01
just starting something
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ุฃู† ุชุจุฏุฃ ุจุดูŠุก
11:03
and not saying, "OK, I'm done, let's do something else --
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ูˆ ุฃู† ู„ุง ุชู‚ูˆู„ " ู†ุนู… ุฃู†ุง ุฃุชู…ู…ุชู‡ ุŒ .. ุณุฃุจุฏุฃ ุจุฅุชู…ุงู… ุฃู…ุฑ ุขุฎุฑ
11:08
Look: shiny!"
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ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุฑุงุฆุนุงูŽ "
11:10
And I notice that in many other parts in my life, too.
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ู„ุงุญุธุช ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุจุฃุฌุฒุงุก ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุญูŠุงุชูŠ ุŒุงูŠุถุงูŽ.
ู„ู‚ุฏ ุนุดุช ููŠ ูˆุงุฏูŠ ุงู„ุณูŠู„ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุณุจุน ุณู†ูˆุงุช.
11:15
I lived in Silicon Valley for seven years.
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11:18
And I worked for the same company, in Silicon Valley,
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ูˆ ุนู…ู„ุช ู„ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุฉ ุŒ ููŠ ูˆุงุฏูŠ ุงู„ุณูŠู„ูŠูƒูˆู† ุŒ
11:22
for the whole time.
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ูƒู„ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช .
11:24
That is unheard of.
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุดูŠุก ุฅุณุชุซู†ุงุฆูŠ .
ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู„ูŠุณ ูƒู…ุง ุชุฌุฑูŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ุนุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ูˆุงุฏูŠ ุงู„ุณูŠู„ูŠูƒูˆู†.
11:27
That's not how Silicon Valley works.
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11:28
The whole point of Silicon Valley is that people jump between jobs
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ุงู„ู…ุชุนุงุฑู ุนู„ูŠู‡ ููŠ ูˆุงุฏูŠ ุงู„ุณูŠู„ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ูŠุชู†ู‚ู„ูˆู† ุจูŠู† ุนุฏุฉ ุฃุนู…ุงู„
11:32
to kind of mix up the pot.
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ู…ุซู„ ุฎู„ุท ุณุงุฆู„ ููŠ ูˆุนุงุก .
11:35
And that's not the kind of person I am.
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู„ูŠุณ ู…ู† ุดุฎุตูŠุชูŠ .
11:37
CA: But during the actual development of Linux itself,
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ูƒุฑูŠุณ ุฃู†ุฏุฑุณูˆู†: ู„ูƒู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ูุชุฑุฉ ุชุทูˆูŠุฑ ู„ูŠู†ูƒุณุŒ
11:39
that stubbornness sometimes brought you in conflict with other people.
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ุฐุงูƒ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุฏ ุฌุนู„ูƒ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุงูŽ ููŠ ุตุฑุงุน ู…ุน ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ .
11:44
Talk about that a bit.
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ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ุฐู„ูƒ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุงูŽ .
11:46
Was that essential to sort of maintain the quality of what was being built?
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ู‡ู„ ูƒุงู† ุถุฑูˆุฑูŠุงูŽ ู„ู„ุญูุงุธ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุง ูŠุชู… ุจู†ุงุคู‡ ุŸ
11:51
How would you describe what happened?
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ูƒูŠู ุชูˆุตู ู„ู†ุง ู…ุง ุญุฏุซ ุŸ
11:54
LT: I don't know if it's essential.
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ู„ูŠู†ูˆุณ ุชูˆุฑูุงู„ุฏุณ : ุฃู†ุง ู„ุง ุงุนู„ู… ููŠู…ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุถุฑูˆุฑูŠุงูŽ .
11:57
Going back to the "I'm not a people person," --
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ุฃุนูˆุฏ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุฅู„ู‰ ูƒูˆู†ูŠ " ู„ุณุช ุดุฎุตุงูŽ ุฅุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠุงูŽ "
12:00
sometimes I'm also ...
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ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุงูŽ ุฃู†ุง ุฃูŠุถุงูŽ
ู‡ู„ ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ู†ุง ุงู„ู‚ูˆู„ ุŒ
12:04
shall we say,
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12:05
"myopic" when it comes to other people's feelings,
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" ู‚ุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑ " ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุจู…ุดุงุนุฑ ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู†ุงุณุŒ
12:09
and that sometimes makes you say things that hurt other people.
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ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุฌุนู„ู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุชุฒุนุฌ ูˆุชุคู„ู… ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ.
12:14
And I'm not proud of that.
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ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ู„ุณุช ูุฎูˆุฑุงูŽ ุจุฐู„ูƒ .
12:18
(Applause)
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( ุชุตููŠู‚ )
12:19
But, at the same time, it's --
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ู„ูƒู† ุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ู†ูุณู‡
12:22
I get people who tell me that I should be nice.
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ูˆุงุฌู‡ุช ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ู„ูŠ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ุฃูƒูˆู† ู„ุทูŠูุงูŽ .
12:26
And then when I try to explain to them that maybe you're nice,
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ุซู… ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุฃุญุงูˆู„ ุฃู† ุฃุดุฑุญ ู„ู‡ู… ุฃู†ู‡ ุฑุจู…ุง ู‡ู… ู„ุทูŠููŠู† ุŒ
12:32
maybe you should be more aggressive,
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ูˆ ู„ูƒู† ุฑุจู…ุง ูŠุญุจ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุนุฏูˆุงู†ูŠุฉ.
12:34
they see that as me being not nice.
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ูŠุนุชุจุฑูˆู† ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ู† ูƒูˆู†ูŠ ู„ุณุช ู„ุทูŠูุงูŽ .
12:38
(Laughter)
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( ุถุญูƒ )
ูˆ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุฃุญุงูˆู„ ุฃู† ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู†ู†ุง ู…ุฎุชู„ููˆู†.
12:40
What I'm trying to say is we are different.
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12:42
I'm not a people person;
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ู„ุณุช ุจุงู„ุดุฎุต ุงู„ุฅุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠุŒ
12:44
it's not something I'm particularly proud of,
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ุฅู†ู‡ ู„ูŠุณ ุจุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฃูุฎุฑ ุจู‡ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฎุงุตุŒ
12:46
but it's part of me.
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ูˆ ู„ูƒู†ู‡ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุดุฎุตูŠุชูŠ .
12:48
And one of the things I really like about open source
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ูˆ ุฃู† ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฃุนุฌุจุชู†ูŠ ุจู…ุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ูุชูˆุญ
12:50
is it really allows different people to work together.
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ุฃู† ูŠุนุทูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ ู„ู†ุงุณ ู…ุฎุชู„ููŠู† ุจุงู„ุนู…ู„ ู…ุน ุจุนุถ.
12:56
We don't have to like each other --
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ู„ูŠุณ ุดุฑุทุงูŽ ุฃู† ู†ุนุฌุจ ุจุนุถู†ุง ุงู„ุจุนุถ
12:58
and sometimes we really don't like each other.
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ูˆ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุงูŽ ุญุชู‰ ู„ุง ู†ุนุฌุจ ุจุนุถู†ุง ุงู„ุจุนุถ .
13:00
Really -- I mean, there are very, very heated arguments.
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ุญู‚ุงูŽ .. ุฃุนู†ูŠ ุŒ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุดุงุช ุงู„ุญุงุฏุฉ .
13:04
But you can, actually, you can find things that --
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ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุŒ ุฅูŠุฌุงุฏ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก
ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ุง ูŠุชูˆุฌุจ ุงู„ุฅุชูุงู‚ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฅุฎุชู„ุงู ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุŒ
13:08
you don't even agree to disagree,
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13:10
it's just that you're interested in really different things.
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ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุฃู†ูƒ ุชู‡ุชู… ุจุฃู…ูˆุฑ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ .
13:13
And coming back to the point where I said earlier
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ูˆ ุจุงู„ุนูˆุฏุฉ ู„ู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‚ู„ุชู‡ุง ููŠ ูˆู‚ุช ุณุงุจู‚
13:16
that I was afraid of commercial people taking advantage of your work,
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ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ูƒู†ุช ุฎุงุฆูุงูŽ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏูŠูˆู† ุฃู† ูŠุณุชููŠุฏูˆุง ู…ู† ุนู…ู„ูƒ ุŒ
13:20
it turned out, and very quickly turned out,
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ุฃุชุถุญ ุงู†ู‡ ุŒ ูˆ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ุฃุชุถุญ ุฃู†ู‡ ุŒ
13:23
that those commercial people were lovely, lovely people.
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ุฃู† ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏูŠูˆู† ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ู†ุงุณ ู…ุญุจูˆุจูŠู† ุฌุฏุงูŽ .
13:26
And they did all the things that I was not at all interested in doing,
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ูˆ ู‚ุงู…ูˆุง ุจูƒู„ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ู… ุฃูƒู† ู…ู‡ุชู…ุงูŽ ุจุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจู‡ุงุŒ
13:30
and they had completely different goals.
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ูˆ ู„ูƒู† ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ูŠู…ู„ูƒูˆู† ุฃู‡ุฏุงูุงูŽ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุชู…ุงู…ุงูŽ.
13:32
And they used open source in ways that I just did not want to go.
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ูˆ ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆุง ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ ุงุงู„ู…ูุชูˆุญ ููŠ ุทุฑู‚ ู„ู… ุฃูƒู† ุฃุฑูŠุฏู‡ุง .
13:37
But because it was open source they could do it,
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ูˆ ู„ูƒู†ู‡ ูƒุงู† ู…ุตุฏุฑ ู…ูุชูˆุญ ุชู…ูƒู†ูˆุง ู…ู† ูุนู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ
13:39
and it actually works really beautifully together.
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ูˆ ุนู…ู„ ู…ุนู‡ู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุฌู…ูŠู„ .
13:42
And I actually think it works the same way.
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ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ ุชุชู… ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ .
13:44
You need to have the people-people, the communicators,
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ุฃู†ุช ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ู„ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุŒ ูˆ ุชูˆุงุตู„ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู…ุน ุจุนุถู‡ุง ุŒ
13:47
the warm and friendly people
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ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ุฏุงูุฆูŠู† ูˆ ุงู„ูˆุฏูˆุฏูŠู†
13:49
who like --
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ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ..
13:50
(Laughter)
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( ุถุญูƒ )
13:52
really want to hug you and get you into the community.
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ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠุฑูŠุฏูˆู† ูุนู„ุงูŽ ุงู† ูŠุนุงู†ู‚ูˆูƒ ูˆ ูŠุฏุฎู„ูˆูƒ ู„ู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุน .
13:55
But that's not everybody.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ู„ุง ูŠู†ุทุจู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ .
13:56
And that's not me.
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ูˆ ู„ูŠุณ ุนู„ูŠ .
13:58
I care about the technology.
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ุฃู†ุง ู…ู‡ุชู… ุจุงู„ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง .
13:59
There are people who care about the UI.
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู†ุงุณ ู…ู‡ุชู…ูŠู† ุจุงู„ูˆุงุฌู‡ุฉ .
14:01
I can't do UI to save my life.
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ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ูŠ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ูˆุงุฌู‡ุฉ ู„ุฅู†ู‚ุงุฐ ุญูŠุงุชูŠ .
14:04
I mean, if I was stranded on an island
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ุฃุนู†ูŠ ุŒ ุฃุฐุง ุชู‚ุทุนุช ููŠ ุงู„ุณุจู„ ุจุฌุฒูŠุฑุฉ
14:07
and the only way to get off that island was the make a pretty UI,
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ูˆุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏุฉ ู„ู„ุฎุฑูˆุฌ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌุฒูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุงู†ุช ุฃู† ุฃุนู…ู„ ูˆุงุฌู‡ุฉ ุฌู…ูŠู„ุฉ ุŒ
14:11
I'd die there.
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ุณุฃู…ูˆุช ู‡ู†ุงูƒ
14:12
(Laughter)
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( ุถุญูƒ )
14:13
So there's different kinds of people,
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ู„ุฐุง ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุนุฏูŠุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุŒ
14:15
and I'm not making excuses, I'm trying to explain.
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ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ู„ุง ุฃุนุทูŠ ุฃุนุฐุงุฑ ุŒ ุงู†ุง ูู‚ุท ุฃุดุฑุญ .
14:18
CA: Now, when we talked last week,
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ุฃู†ุฏุฑุณูˆู†: ุงู„ุขู†ุŒุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชุญุฏุซู†ุง ุงู„ุงุณุจูˆุน ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠ ุŒ
14:20
you talked about some other trait that you have,
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ุชุญุฏุซุช ู„ูŠ ุนู† ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุตูุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู…ู„ูƒู‡ุง ุŒ
14:22
which I found really interesting.
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ูˆ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูˆุฌุฏุชู‡ุง ู…ุซูŠุฑ ู„ู„ุฅุนุฌุงุจ .
14:24
It's this idea called taste.
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ู…ู†ู‡ุง ููƒุฑุฉ ุชุฏุนู‰ ุงู„ุชุฐูˆู‚ .
14:25
And I've just got a couple of images here.
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุญุตู„ุช ูู‚ุท ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุตูˆุฑ ู‡ู†ุง .
ูˆุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุซุงู„ ู„ูŠุณ ุฌูŠุฏ ุงู„ุชุฐูˆู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฑู…ุฌุฉ ุŒ
14:28
I think this is an example of not particularly good taste in code,
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14:32
and this one is better taste,
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ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃูุถู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุฐูˆู‚ ุŒ
14:35
which one can immediately see.
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ุฃูŠุชู‡ุง ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ู…ุดุงู‡ุฏุชู‡ุง ุญุงู„ุงูŽ .
14:37
What is the difference between these two?
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ู…ุง ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† ู‡ุงุชูŠู† ุงู„ุงุซู†ุชูŠู† ุŸ
14:40
LT: So this is --
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ุชูˆุฑูุงู„ุฏุณ: ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ...
14:41
How many people here actually have coded?
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ูƒู… ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ุฐูŠู† ุจุฑู…ุฌูˆุง ูุนู„ูŠุงูŽ ุŸ
14:45
CA: Oh my goodness.
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ูƒุฑูŠุณ ุฃู†ุฏุฑุณูˆู† : ูŠุง ุฅู„ู‡ูŠ ! .
ู„ูŠู†ูˆุณ ุชูˆุฑูุงู„ุฏุณ: ู„ุฐุง ุฃู†ุง ุฃุถู…ู† ู„ูƒู… ุŒ
14:47
LT: So I guarantee you,
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14:48
everybody who raised their hand,
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ูƒู„ ุดุฎุต ุฑูุน ูŠุฏู‡ ุŒ
14:49
they have done what's called a singly-linked list.
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ุฃุชู…ู… ุงู„ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅุญุงุฏูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ .
14:52
And it's taught --
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ูˆู‡ูŠ ุชุนู„ู… ...
14:55
This, the first not very good taste approach,
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู„ูŠุณุช ุฌูŠุฏุฉ ุจู†ู‡ุฌ ุงู„ุชุฐูˆู‚ ุŒ
14:58
is basically how it's taught to be done when you start out coding.
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ูˆ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฃุณุงุณุงูŽ ูƒูŠู ุชู… ุชุฏุฑูŠุณู‡ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุจุฏุฃุช ุจุงู„ุจุฑู…ุฌุฉ .
15:02
And you don't have to understand the code.
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ูˆู„ุง ูŠุชูˆุฌุจ ุนู„ูŠูƒ ุฃู† ุชูู‡ู… ุงู„ุจุฑู…ุฌุฉ .
15:04
The most interesting part to me
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ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุฅุซุงุฑุฉ ู„ู„ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู… ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ูŠ
15:06
is the last if statement.
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ุชุนู„ูŠู…ุฉ ( IF ) ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ .
15:10
Because what happens in a singly-linked list --
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ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุง ุญุฏุซ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅุญุงุฏูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ
15:13
this is trying to remove an existing entry from a list --
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุญุงูˆู„ุฉ ุฅุฒุงู„ุฉ ู…ุฏุฎู„ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ ..
15:16
and there's a difference between if it's the first entry
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ูˆ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู…ุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„
15:20
or whether it's an entry in the middle.
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ูˆ ููŠู…ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ุฏุฎู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุตู .
15:22
Because if it's the first entry,
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ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู…ุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุŒ
15:24
you have to change the pointer to the first entry.
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ูŠุฌุจ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุคุดุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„
15:27
If it's in the middle,
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ูˆุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุตู ุŒ
15:28
you have to change the pointer of a previous entry.
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ูŠุฌุจ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุคุดุฑ ู„ู„ู…ุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ .
ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู‡ู… ุญุงู„ุชูŠู† ู…ุฎุชู„ูุชูŠู† ุชู…ุงู…ุงูŽ .
15:31
So they're two completely different cases.
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15:33
CA: And that's better.
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ุฃู†ุฏุฑุณูˆู†: ูˆ ุฐู„ูƒ ุฃูุถู„.
15:34
LT: And this is better.
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ู„ูŠู†ูˆุณ ุชูˆุฑูุงู„ุฏุณ: ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃูุถู„ .
15:35
It does not have the if statement.
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ู„ูŠุณ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุชุนู„ูŠู…ุฉ ( IF ).
15:38
And it doesn't really matter --
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ูˆู‡ูŠ ู„ุง ุชู‡ู… ูุนู„ูŠุงูŽ
15:40
I don't want you understand why it doesn't have the if statement,
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ู„ุง ุฃุฑูŠุฏูƒ ูู‡ู… ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ู„ุง ุชู…ู„ูƒ ุชุนู„ูŠู…ุฉ ( IF ) ุŒ
15:44
but I want you to understand
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู…ุง ุฃุฑูŠุฏ ูู‡ู…ู‡
15:45
that sometimes you can see a problem in a different way
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ุฃู†ู‡ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุงูŽ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ุฑู‰ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ .
ูˆ ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุชู‡ุง ุจุญูŠุซ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ุชุฐู‡ุจ ุจุนูŠุฏุงูŽ
15:48
and rewrite it so that a special case goes away
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15:51
and becomes the normal case.
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ูˆ ุชุตุจุญ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠุฉ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ .
15:53
And that's good code.
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ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุฌู…ูŠู„ุฉ ุจุงู„ุจุฑู…ุฌุฉ .
15:55
But this is simple code.
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ูˆ ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุจุฑู…ุฌุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ .
15:56
This is CS 101.
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ู‡ุฐู‡ CS101 .
15:58
This is not important -- although, details are important.
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ู‡ูŠ ู„ูŠุณุช ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุจุงู„ุฑุบู… ุŒ ุทุจุนุงูŽ ุงู„ุชูุงุตูŠู„ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ .
16:01
To me, the sign of people I really want to work with
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ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ูŠ ุŒ ู†ูˆุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ุฃุฑูŠุฏ ูุนู„ูŠุงูŽ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ู…ุนู‡ู…
16:05
is that they have good taste, which is how ...
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ุงู„ู†ูˆุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ู…ู„ูƒ ู…ูŠุฒุฉ ุงู„ุชุฐูˆู‚ ุŒ ูˆ ุงู„ุชูŠ
16:09
I sent you this stupid example
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุฃุฑุณู„ุช ู„ูƒ ู…ุซุงู„ ุบุจูŠ
16:10
that is not relevant because it's too small.
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู„ุง ูŠู…ุช ุจุตู„ุฉ ู„ุงู†ู‡ ู…ุซุงู„ ุจุณูŠุท .
16:13
Good taste is much bigger than this.
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ุงู„ุชุฐูˆู‚ ุงู„ุฌูŠุฏ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุจูƒุซูŠุฑ.
16:15
Good taste is about really seeing the big patterns
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ุงู„ุชุฐูˆู‚ ุงู„ุฌูŠุฏ ู‡ูˆ ุฑุคูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃู†ู…ุงุท ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูุนู„ูŠุงูŽ
16:19
and kind of instinctively knowing what's the right way to do things.
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ูˆ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุงู„ุบุฑูŠุฒูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ู„ุฅุชู…ุงู… ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ .
16:24
CA: OK, so we're putting the pieces together here now.
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ุฃู†ุฏุฑุณูˆู† : ุญุณู†ุงูŽ ุŒ ุงู„ุฃู† ู†ุฑูŠุฏ ุฑุจุท ุงู„ู…ุนุทูŠุงุช ู…ุน ุจุนุถู‡ุง .
16:27
You have taste,
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ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ู…ูŠุฒุฉ ุงู„ุชุฐูˆู‚ ุงู„ุจุฑู…ุฌูŠ ุŒ
16:30
in a way that's meaningful to software people.
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ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุง ุฐุงุช ู…ุนู†ู‰ ู„ู„ู…ุจุฑู…ุฌูŠู†.
16:32
You're --
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ุฃู†ุช ..
16:33
(Laughter)
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( ุถุญูƒ )
16:35
LT: I think it was meaningful to some people here.
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ู„ูŠู†ูˆุณ ุชูˆุฑูุงู„ุฏุณ : ุฃุธู† ุฃู†ู‡ ูƒุงู† ุฐูˆ ู…ุนู†ู‰ ู„ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู‡ู†ุง .
16:39
CA: You're a very smart computer coder,
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ูƒุฑูŠุณ ุฃู†ุฏุฑุณูˆู† : ุฃู†ุช ู…ุจุฑู…ุฌ ุญุงุณูˆุจูŠ ุฐูƒูŠ ุฌุฏุงูŽ ุŒ
16:42
and you're hellish stubborn.
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ูˆ ุนู†ูŠุฏ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฌู‡ู†ู…ูŠ.
16:45
But there must be something else.
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ูˆ ู„ูƒู† ุจุงู„ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุดูŠุก ุขุฎุฑ
ุฃุนู†ูŠ ุŒ ู„ู‚ุฏ ุบูŠุฑุช ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ .
16:47
I mean, you've changed the future.
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16:48
You must have the ability of these grand visions of the future.
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ูˆ ุจุงู„ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏ ู‚ุงุฏุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅุณุชู†ุจุงุท ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฑุคู‰ ุงู„ุนุธูŠู…ุฉ ู„ู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ .
16:51
You're a visionary, right?
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ุฃู†ุช ู‚ุงุฑุฆ ู„ู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ ุตุญูŠุญ ุŸ
16:53
LT: I've actually felt slightly uncomfortable at TED
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ู„ูŠู†ูˆุณ ุชูˆุฑูุงู„ุฏุณ : ู„ู‚ุฏ ุดุนุฑุช ุจุนุฏู… ุงู„ุฑุงุญุฉ ู†ูˆุนุงูŽ ู…ุง ููŠ TED
16:55
for the last two days,
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ุจุงู„ูŠูˆู…ูŠู† ุงู„ุขุฎูŠุฑูŠู† ุŒ
16:57
because there's a lot of vision going on, right?
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ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุคู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ูŠุฉุŒ ุฃู„ูŠุณ ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุŸ
17:00
And I am not a visionary.
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ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ู„ุณุช ุจุงู„ู‚ุงุฑุฆ ู„ู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ .
17:02
I do not have a five-year plan.
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ู„ูŠุณ ู„ุฏูŠ ุฎุทุฉ ู„ู„ุฎู…ุณ ุฃุนูˆุงู… ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉ .
17:04
I'm an engineer.
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ุฃู†ุง ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณ .
17:05
And I think it's really --
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ูˆ ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ ูุนู„ุงูŽ .
17:07
I mean -- I'm perfectly happy with all the people
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ุฃุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ูŠ ุณุนูŠุฏ ูุนู„ุงูŽ ู…ุน ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
17:09
who are walking around and just staring at the clouds
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ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠุชุฌูˆู„ูˆู† ูˆ ูŠุญุฏู‚ูˆู† ุจุงู„ุบูŠูˆู…
17:12
and looking at the stars and saying, "I want to go there."
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ูˆ ูŠู†ุธุฑูˆู† ู„ู„ู†ุฌู…ุงุช ูˆ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆู† " ุฃุฑูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฐู‡ุงุจ ุงู„ู‰ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ " .
17:15
But I'm looking at the ground,
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถุŒ
17:16
and I want to fix the pothole that's right in front of me
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ูˆ ุฃุฑูŠุฏ ุฅุตู„ุงุญ ุงู„ุญูุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุฃู…ุงู…ูŠ
17:19
before I fall in.
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ู‚ุจู„ ุงู† ุฃุณู‚ุท ููŠู‡ุง .
17:20
This is the kind of person I am.
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ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุดุฎุตูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏูŠ .
17:22
(Cheers)
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( ู‡ุชุงู )
17:23
(Applause)
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( ุชุตููŠู‚ )
ุฃู†ุฏุฑุณูˆู† : ู„ู‚ุฏ ุชุญุฏุซุช ู…ุนูŠ ุงู„ุฅุณุจูˆุน ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠ ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐูŠู† ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ูŠู† .
17:25
CA: So you spoke to me last week about these two guys.
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17:29
Who are they and how do you relate to them?
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ู…ู† ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ูˆ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุนู„ุงู‚ุชูƒ ุจู‡ู… ุŸ
17:32
LT: Well, so this is kind of clichรฉ in technology,
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ุชูˆุฑูุงู„ุฏุณ: ุญุณู†ุงูŽ ุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃุนู„ุงู… ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง ุŒ
17:35
the whole Tesla versus Edison,
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ูƒู„ ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง ุŒ ุชุณู„ุง ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ ุฅุฏูŠุณูˆู† ุŒ
17:37
where Tesla is seen as the visionary scientist and crazy idea man.
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ุญูŠุซ ูŠู†ุธุฑ ู„ุชูŠุณู„ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ูŠ ูˆ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุจุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฌู†ูˆู†ุฉ .
17:42
And people love Tesla.
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ูˆ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุชุญุจ ุชูŠุณู„ุง .
17:45
I mean, there are people who name their companies after him.
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ุฃุนู†ูŠ ุŒ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู†ุงุณ ุณู…ุช ุดุฑูƒุงุชู‡ุง ุจุฃุณู…ู‡ ุจุนุฏ ูˆูุงุชู‡ .
17:48
(Laughter)
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( ุถุญูƒ )
ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ู‡ูˆ ุฅุฏูŠุณูˆู† ุŒ
17:51
The other person there is Edison,
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠูุฐู… ุฃุบู„ุจ ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู† ู„ูƒูˆู†ู‡ ูŠูุชู‚ุฑ ู„ู„ุฅู„ู‡ุงู…
17:54
who is actually often vilified for being kind of pedestrian
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17:57
and is --
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ูˆ ู‡ูˆ
ุฃุนู†ูŠุŒ ู…ู‚ูˆู„ุชู‡ ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุดู‡ุฑุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุŒ
17:59
I mean, his most famous quote is,
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18:02
"Genius is one percent inspiration and 99 percent perspiration."
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" ุงู„ุนุจู‚ุฑูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ" ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฆุฉ ุฅู„ู‡ุงู… ูˆ 99 ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฆุฉ ุชุนุจ ูˆ ุนุฑู‚".
ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ููŠ ู…ุนุณูƒุฑ ุฃุฏูŠุณูˆู† .
18:07
And I'm in the Edison camp,
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18:08
even if people don't always like him.
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ุญุชู‰ ู„ูˆ ู„ู… ูŠุนุฌุจ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุฏุงุฆู…ุงูŽ .
18:11
Because if you actually compare the two,
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ู„ุฃู† ุฅุฐุง ู‚ุงุฑู†ุช ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฅุซู†ูŠู† ุŒ
ุชูŠุณู„ุง ูŠู…ู„ูƒ ุงู„ุนู‚ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุฑุจุฉ ู„ุฃูŠุงู…ู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุŒ
18:14
Tesla has kind of this mind grab these days,
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18:18
but who actually changed the world?
391
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู…ู† ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ูุนู„ูŠุงูŽ ุŸ
18:21
Edison may not have been a nice person,
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ุฅุฏูŠุณูˆู† ู‚ุฏ ู„ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุงู„ู„ุทูŠู ุŒ
18:25
he did a lot of things --
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ ุนู…ู„ ุฃุดูŠุงุก ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ
18:28
he was maybe not so intellectual,
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ุฑุจู…ุง ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ู…ุซู‚ูุงูŽ ุŒ
18:30
not so visionary.
395
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ู„ุง ูŠู…ู„ูƒ ุฑุคูŠุฉ ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ูŠุฉ .
18:33
But I think I'm more of an Edison than a Tesla.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ุฃู…ูŠู„ ู„ุฅุฏูŠุณูˆู† ุฃูƒุซุฑู…ู† ุชุณู„ุง.
18:37
CA: So our theme at TED this week is dreams --
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ุฃู†ุฏุฑุณูˆู† : ุงู„ุณู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ููŠ TED ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฅุณุจูˆุน ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุงุญู„ุงู…
ุงู„ุงุญู„ุงู… ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุŒ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏุงู…ุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ุฌุฑูŠุฆุฉ .
18:40
big, bold, audacious dreams.
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18:41
You're really the antidote to that.
399
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ูˆ ุฃู†ุช ุงู„ุนู‚ุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ุถุงุฏ ู„ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง .
18:43
LT: I'm trying to dial it down a bit, yes.
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ุชูˆุฑูุงู„ุฏูŠุณ : ุฃู†ุง ุฃุญุงูˆู„ ุฏูุนู‡ุง ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุงู‘ ุŒ ุตุญูŠุญ.
18:45
CA: That's good.
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ุฃู†ุฏุฑุณูˆู† : ู‡ุฐุง ุฌูŠุฏ .
18:46
(Laughter)
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( ุถุญูƒ )
18:47
We embrace you, we embrace you.
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ู†ุญู† ู†ุญุชุถู†ูƒ ูˆ ู†ุชุจู†ุงูƒ .
ุดุฑูƒุงุช ู…ุซู„ ุบูˆุบู„ ูˆุบูŠุฑู‡ุง ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ุช ุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู„ู‚ูˆู„ุŒ
18:51
Companies like Google and many others have made, arguably,
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18:53
like, billions of dollars out of your software.
405
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ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ุŒ ู…ู„ูŠุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑุงุช ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌูƒ .
18:56
Does that piss you off?
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ู‡ู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูŠุก ูŠุฒุนุฌูƒ ุŸ
18:57
LT: No.
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ุชูˆุฑูุงู„ุฏุณ: ู„ุง
18:58
No, it doesn't piss me off for several reasons.
408
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ู„ุง ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ุง ูŠุฒุนุฌู†ูŠ ู„ุนุฏุฉ ุฃุณุจุงุจ .
19:01
And one of them is, I'm doing fine.
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ูˆ ุฃุญุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณุจุงุจุŒ ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู… ุจุนู…ู„ ุฌูŠุฏ .
19:03
I'm really doing fine.
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ุฃู†ุง ูุนู„ุฃ ุฃู‚ูˆู… ุจุนู…ู„ ุฌูŠุฏ .
19:04
But the other reason is --
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุณุจุจ ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑ ู‡ูˆ
19:06
I mean, without doing the whole open source and really letting go thing,
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ุฃุนู†ูŠ ุŒ ุจุฏูˆู† ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ูุชูˆุญ ูƒุงู…ู„ุงูŽ ูˆุงู„ุณู…ุงุญ ู„ู‡ ุฃู† ูŠุตุจุญ ุดูŠุฆุงูŽ ุŒ
19:11
Linux would never have been what it is.
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ู„ู…ุง ูˆุตู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠู†ูƒุณ ู„ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุนู„ูŠู‡ .
19:14
And it's brought experiences I don't really enjoy, public talking,
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ูˆ ุฌู„ุจ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎุจุฑุงุช ูˆ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ุง ุฃุญุจุฐู‡ุง ุŒ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู„ุนุงู….
19:19
but at the same time, this is an experience.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฎุจุฑุฉ ุงูŠุถุงูŽ .
19:21
Trust me.
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ุซู‚ูˆุง ุจูŠ .
ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ุชุฌุฑูŠ ุชุฌุนู„ู†ูŠ ุฑุฌู„ุงูŽ ุณุนูŠุฏุงูŽ
19:23
So there's a lot of things going on that make me a very happy man
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19:28
and thinking I did the right choices.
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ูˆ ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุงู†ู†ูŠ ู‚ู…ุช ุจุงู„ุฎูŠุงุฑุงุช ูˆ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญุฉ .
19:30
CA: Is the open source idea --
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ูƒุฑูŠุณ ุฃู†ุฏุฑุณูˆู† : ู‡ู„ ููƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ูุชูˆุญ
19:32
this is, I think we'll end here --
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ุŒ ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุณู†ู†ู‡ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง
19:34
is the open source idea fully realized now in the world,
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ู‡ู„ ููƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ูุชูˆุญ ูˆุตู„ุช ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุงู…ู„ ู„ู„ุนุงู„ู… ุŒ
19:38
or is there more that it could go,
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ุฃู… ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ุณูŠุชู… ุชู‚ุฏูŠู…ู‡ ุŒ
19:41
are there more things that it could do?
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ูˆู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ูŠู…ูƒู† ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ุŸ
19:44
LT: So, I'm of two minds there.
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ู„ูŠู†ูˆุณ ุชูˆุฑูุงู„ุฏุณ: ู„ุฏูŠ ุฑุฃูŠูŠู† ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน .
19:46
I think one reason open source works so well in code
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ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุณุจุจ ูˆุญูŠุฏ ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ูุชูˆุญ ูŠุนู…ู„ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฌูŠุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฑู…ุฌุฉ
19:51
is that at the end of the day,
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ู‡ูˆ ุฃู†ู‡ .. ููŠ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุŒ
19:53
code tends to be somewhat black and white.
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ุงู„ุจุฑู…ุฌุฉ ุชู…ูŠู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุชูƒูˆู† ุดูŠุฆุงูŽ ุจุงู„ุงุจูŠุถ ูˆ ุงู„ุงุณูˆุฏ .
19:57
There's often a fairly good way to decide,
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ููŠ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ูˆุณูŠู„ุฉ ุฌูŠุฏุฉ ู„ุงุชุฎุงุฐ ู‚ุฑุงุฑุŒ
20:01
this is done correctly and this is not done well.
429
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ู‡ุฐุง ุชู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุตุญูŠุญ ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ู… ูŠุชู… .
20:05
Code either works or it doesn't,
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ุงู„ุจุฑู…ุฌุฉ ุฅู…ุง ุฃู† ุชุนู…ู„ ุฃูˆ ู„ุง .
20:07
which means that there's less room for arguments.
431
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ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุฌุงู„ ุฃู‚ู„ ู„ู„ุฌุฏู„ .
20:12
And we have arguments despite this, right?
432
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ูˆ ุจุงู„ุฑุบู… ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุฌุฏู„ ุŒ ุตุญูŠุญ ุŸ
ููŠ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰
20:16
In many other areas --
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20:17
I mean, people have talked about open politics and things like that --
434
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ุฃุนู†ูŠ ุฃู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุชุญุฏุซุช ุนู† ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณุงุช ุงู„ู…ูุชูˆุญุฉ ูˆุฃู…ูˆุฑ ูƒู‡ุฐู‡
20:21
and it's really hard sometimes to say
435
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ูˆ ุฅู†ู‡ ู„ู…ู† ุงู„ุตุนุจ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุงูŽ ุฃู† ุชู‚ูˆู„
20:24
that, yes, you can apply the same principles in some other areas
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ุฃู† ุจุงู„ุฅู…ูƒุงู† ุชุทุจูŠู‚ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุจุงุฏุฆ ุจุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰
20:28
just because the black and white turns into not just gray,
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ุจุณุจุจ ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ุฃุจูŠุถ ุงู„ุฃุณูˆุฏ ุชุญูˆู„ุง ูˆู„ูƒู† ู„ูŠุณ ูู‚ุท ู„ู„ุฑู…ุงุฏูŠ ุŒ
20:33
but different colors.
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ูˆ ู„ูƒู† ู„ุฃู„ูˆุงู† ุฃุฎุฑู‰ .
20:36
So, obviously open source in science is making a comeback.
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุงุถุญ ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ูุชูˆุญ ุจุตุฏุฏ ุงู„ุนูˆุฏุฉ ู„ู„ุนู„ูˆู….
20:40
Science was there first.
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ุงู„ุนู„ูˆู… ูƒุงู†ุช ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃูˆู„ุงูŽ .
20:42
But then science ended up being pretty closed,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆู… ุฃู†ุชู‡ุช ู„ูƒูˆู†ู‡ุง ู…ุบู„ู‚ุฉ ุฌุฏุงู‘ ุŒ
20:45
with very expensive journals and some of that going on.
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ู…ุน ู…ุฌู„ุงุช ู…ูƒู„ูุฉ ุฌุฏุงู‘ ูˆ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุฌุฑูŠ ุŒ
20:48
And open source is making a comeback in science,
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ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ูุชูˆุญ ุชุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุนูˆุฏุฉ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆู… ุŒ
20:52
with things like arXiv and open journals.
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ู…ุน ุฃุดูŠุงุก ู…ุซู„ ุฃุฑุฎุงูŠู ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฌู„ุงุช ุงู„ู…ูุชูˆุญุฉ.
20:59
Wikipedia changed the world, too.
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ูˆูŠูƒูŠุจูŠุฏูŠุง ุบูŠุฑุช ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุŒ ุฃูŠุถุงูŽ .
21:01
So there are other examples,
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุŒ
21:02
I'm sure there are more to come.
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ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ูˆุงุซู‚ ุฃู† ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ุฃูŠุถุงูŽ ู‚ุงุฏู… .
21:05
CA: But you're not a visionary,
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ุฃู†ุฏุฑุณูˆู†:ูˆ ู„ูƒู†ูƒ ู„ุณุช ุจุงู„ู‚ุงุฑุฆ ู„ู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ ุŒ
21:07
and so it's not up to you to name them.
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู„ุง ูŠุฑุฌุน ู„ูƒ ู„ุชุณู…ูŠู‡ู… .
21:09
LT: No.
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ุชูˆุฑูุงู„ุฏุณ : ู„ุง
21:10
(Laughter)
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( ุถุญูƒ )
21:11
It's up to you guys to make them, right?
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ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุนูˆุฏ ุฅู„ูŠูƒู… ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ ู„ุตู†ุนู‡ู… ุงู„ูŠุณ ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุŸ
21:13
CA: Exactly.
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ูƒุฑูŠุณ ุฃู†ุฏุฑุณูˆู† : ุจุงู„ุทุจุน
21:14
Linus Torvalds,
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ู„ูŠู†ูˆุณ ุชูˆุฑูุงู„ุฏุณ ุŒ
21:15
thank you for Linux, thank you for the Internet,
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ุดูƒุฑุงูŽ ู„ูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ู„ูŠู†ูŠูƒุณ ุŒ ุดูƒุฑุงูŽ ู„ูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅู†ุชุฑู†ุช ุŒ
21:18
thank you for all those Android phones.
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ุดูƒุฑุงูŽ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ู‡ูˆุงุชู ุงู„ุฃู†ุฏุฑูˆูŠุฏ.
ุดูƒุฑุงูŽ ู„ูƒ ู„ู‚ุฏูˆู…ูƒ ู‡ู†ุง ู„TED ูˆูƒุดููƒ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑุนู† ู†ูุณูƒ .
21:20
Thank you for coming here to TED and revealing so much of yourself.
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ู„ูŠู†ูˆุณ ุชูˆุฑูุงู„ุฏุณ : ุดูƒุฑุงูŽ .
21:23
LT: Thank you.
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( ุชุตููŠู‚ )
21:24
(Applause)
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ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน

ุณูŠู‚ุฏู… ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ููŠุฏูŠูˆ YouTube ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ. ุณุชุฑู‰ ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุชุฏุฑูŠุณู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…. ุงู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆุถุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุตูุญุฉ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ. ูŠุชู… ุชู…ุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุงุช ุจุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ู† ู…ุน ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฃูŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุทู„ุจุงุช ุŒ ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุจู†ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7