The mind behind Linux | Linus Torvalds | TED

5,875,033 views ใƒป 2016-05-03

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Hadas Sheinfeld ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:13
Chris Anderson: This is such a strange thing.
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ื›ืจื™ืก ืื ื“ืจืกื•ืŸ: ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื•ื–ืจ.
00:15
Your software, Linux, is in millions of computers,
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ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื” ืฉืœืš, ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก, ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื,
00:18
it probably powers much of the Internet.
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ื”ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื— ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืœื—ืœืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜.
00:22
And I think that there are, like,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื™ืฉ, ื‘ืขืจืš,
00:24
a billion and a half active Android devices out there.
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ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ ืื ื“ืจื•ืื™ื“, ืฉื ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ.
00:27
Your software is in every single one of them.
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ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื” ืฉืœืš ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื.
00:30
It's kind of amazing.
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ื–ื” ื“ื™ ืžื“ื”ื™ื.
00:31
You must have some amazing software headquarters driving all this.
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ืžืŸ ื”ืกืชื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื, ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื ื”ืœื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื–ื”.
00:37
That's what I thought -- and I was shocked when I saw a picture of it.
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ -- ื•ื ื“ื”ืžืชื™ ื›ืฉืจืื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื”.
00:40
I mean, this is --
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื–ื” --
00:41
this is the Linux world headquarters.
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ื–ื” ื”ืžืจื›ื– ืฉืœ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช.
00:43
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
00:45
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
00:49
Linus Torvalds: It really doesn't look like much.
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ืœื™ื ื•ืก ื˜ื•ืจื‘ืืœื“ืก: ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืœื ื ืจืื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžืจืฉื™ื.
00:52
And I have to say,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื•ืžืจ,
00:53
the most interesting part in this picture,
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ืฉื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืžืขื ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื•,
00:57
that people mostly react to,
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ืฉื”ื›ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื’ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืœื™ื•,
00:59
is the walking desk.
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ื”ื”ืœื™ื›ื”.
01:00
It is the most interesting part in my office
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ื–ื” ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื›ื™ ืžืขื ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ืฉืœื™
01:03
and I'm not actually using it anymore.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืžืฉ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ.
01:05
And I think the two things are related.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืฉื ื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื–ื” ืœื–ื”.
01:09
The way I work is ...
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ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ืื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ื™ื...
01:13
I want to not have external stimulation.
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื™ ื’ื™ืจื•ื™ื™ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื.
01:18
You can kind of see, on the walls are this light green.
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ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช, ื”ืงื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฆื‘ืข ื™ืจื•ืง ื‘ื”ื™ืจ.
01:23
I'm told that at mental institutions they use that on the walls.
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ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื™ ืฉื‘ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืฆื‘ืข ื”ื–ื” ืœืงื™ืจื•ืช.
01:27
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
01:29
It's like a calming color,
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ื–ื” ืฆื‘ืข ืžืจื’ื™ืข,
01:30
it's not something that really stimulates you.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืžืžืฉ ืžื’ืจื” ืื•ืชืš.
01:35
What you can't see is the computer here, you only see the screen,
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ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ืืŸ ื–ื” ืืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘, ืจื•ืื™ื ืจืง ืืช ื”ืžืกืš,
01:39
but the main thing I worry about in my computer is --
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืฉื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื™ ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื”ื•ื --
01:42
it doesn't have to be big and powerful, although I like that --
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ื”ื•ื ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื—ื–ืง, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ื–ื” --
01:46
it really has to be completely silent.
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ื”ื•ื ืžืžืฉ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืงื˜ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ.
01:49
I know people who work for Google
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ืื ื™ ืžื›ื™ืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ื’ืœ
01:52
and they have their own small data center at home,
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื“ืื˜ื” ืกื ื˜ืจ ืงื˜ืŸ (ืฉืจืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื) ืงื˜ืŸ, ืžืฉืœื”ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช,
01:55
and I don't do that.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื–ื”.
01:56
My office is the most boring office you'll ever see.
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ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืฉืœื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžืฉืขืžื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืื™ ืคืขื ืชืจืื•.
02:00
And I sit there alone in the quiet.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื ืœื‘ื“ ื‘ืฉืงื˜.
02:04
If the cat comes up,
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ืื ื”ื—ืชื•ืœ ื ื›ื ืก,
02:06
it sits in my lap.
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ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ื—ื™ืงื™.
02:08
And I want to hear the cat purring,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืช ื”ื—ืชื•ืœ ืžื’ืจื’ืจ,
02:10
not the sound of the fans in the computer.
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ืœื ืืช ื”ืžืื•ื•ืจืจื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘.
02:13
CA: So this is astonishing,
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ื›.ื.: ืื– ื–ื” ืžื“ื”ื™ื,
02:14
because working this way,
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ื›ื™ ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื–ื•,
02:17
you're able to run this vast technology empire --
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ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื ื”ืœ ืืช ื”ืื™ืžืคืจื™ื” ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื”ื–ื• --
02:20
it is an empire --
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ื–ื• ืื™ืžืคืจื™ื” --
02:21
so that's an amazing testament to the power of open source.
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ืื– ื–ื• ืขื“ื•ืช ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื” ืœื›ื— ืฉืœ ืงื•ื“ ืคืชื•ื—.
02:25
Tell us how you got to understand open source
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ืกืคืจ ืœื ื• ืื™ืš ื”ื’ืขืช ืœื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ืงื•ื“ ืคืชื•ื—
02:29
and how it lead to the development of Linux.
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ื•ืื™ืš ื–ื” ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืœ ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก.
02:33
LT: I mean, I still work alone.
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ืœ.ื˜.: ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืื ื™ ืขื“ื™ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืœื‘ื“.
02:35
Really -- I work alone in my house,
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ื‘ืืžืช -- ืื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืœื‘ื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื™,
02:38
often in my bathrobe.
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ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื—ืœื•ืง ื”ืจื—ืฆื” ืฉืœื™.
02:40
When a photographer shows up, I dress up,
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ื›ืฉืžื’ื™ืข ืฆืœื, ืื ื™ ืžืชืœื‘ืฉ,
02:42
so I have clothes on.
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ื›ืš ืฉืื ื™ ืœื‘ื•ืฉ.
02:43
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:45
And that's how I've always worked.
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ื•ื›ืš ืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ืชืžื™ื“.
02:47
I mean, this was how I started Linux, too.
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื›ืš ื’ื ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืืช ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก.
02:49
I did not start Linux as a collaborative project.
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ืœื ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืืช ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก ื›ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™.
02:53
I started it as one in a series of many projects
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ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืื•ืชื• ื›ืื—ื“ ืžืชื•ืš ืกื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื
02:57
I had done at the time for myself,
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ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืขืฆืžื™,
03:01
partly because I needed the end result,
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ื—ืœืงื™ืช ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœื”ื,
03:03
but even more because I just enjoyed programming.
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื–ื”, ื›ื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื ื”ื ื™ืชื™ ืžื”ืชื›ื ื•ืช.
03:06
So it was about the end of the journey,
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ืื– ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืžืกืข,
03:10
which, 25 years later, we still have not reached.
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ืฉื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ 25 ืฉื ื”, ืขื“ื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ื’ื™ืข.
03:13
But it was really about the fact that I was looking for a project on my own
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ื”ื™ื” ื›ื™ ื—ื™ืคืฉืชื™ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืžืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื™,
03:17
and there was no open source, really, on my radar at all.
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ื•ืงื•ื“ ืคืชื•ื— ืœื ืขืœื” ื‘ื“ืขืชื™ ื‘ื›ืœืœ.
03:21
And what happened is ...
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ื”ื•ื...
03:24
the project grows and becomes something you want to show off to people.
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ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื’ื“ืœ, ื•ื”ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ืฅ ื‘ื• ื‘ืคื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื
03:30
Really, this is more of a, "Wow, look at what I did!"
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ื‘ืืžืช, ื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ืžื•: "ื•ื•ืื•, ืชืจืื• ืžื” ืขืฉื™ืชื™!"
03:34
And trust me -- it was not that great back then.
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ื•ืชืืžื™ื ื• ืœื™ -- ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื›ื–ื” ื ื”ื“ืจ ื‘ื–ืžื ื•.
03:38
I made it publicly available,
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ืคืชื—ืชื™ ืืช ื–ื” ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืคื•ืžื‘ื™,
03:40
and it wasn't even open source at that point.
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืืคื™ืœื• "ืงื•ื“ ืคืชื•ื—" ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ื”ื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ.
03:42
At that point it was source that was open, but there was no intention
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ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืงื•ื“, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืคืชื•ื— ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื•ื ื›ื•ื•ื ื”
03:47
behind using the kind of open-source methodology that we think of today
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ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืงื•ื“ ืคืชื•ื— ื›ืžื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื
03:52
to improve it.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืคืจ ืื•ืชื•.
03:53
It was more like,
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืžื•,
03:54
"Look, I've been working on this for half a year,
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"ืชืจืื•, ืื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื—ืฆื™ ืฉื ื”,
03:58
I'd love to have comments."
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ืื ื™ ืืฉืžื— ืœืงื‘ืœ ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช."
04:00
And other people approached me.
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ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ืคื ื• ืืœื™.
04:03
At the University of Helsinki,
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ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืœืกื™ื ืงื™,
04:04
I had a friend who was one of the open source --
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ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ื—ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืื™ืฉ ืงื•ื“ ืคืชื•ื— -
04:08
it was called mainly "free software" back then --
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ื‘ื–ืžื ื• ืงืจืื• ืœื–ื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ "ืชื•ื›ื ื” ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช"
04:12
and he actually introduced me to the notion that, hey,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืฆื™ื’ ืœื™ ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืกื” ื”ื–ื•, ืฉื”ื™ื™,
04:16
you can use these open-source licenses that had been around.
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ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืจืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ ืงื•ื“ ืคืชื•ื—, ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื• ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื.
04:24
And I thought about it for a while.
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ื•ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืขืœ ื–ื” ืงืฆืช.
04:26
I was actually worried about the whole commercial interests coming in.
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื•ื“ืื’ ืžื›ื ื™ืกื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืกื—ืจื™ื™ื.
04:29
I mean, that's one of the worries I think most people who start out have,
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื• ืื—ืช ื”ื“ืื’ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœ,
04:34
is that they worry about somebody taking advantage of their work, right?
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ื”ื“ืื’ื” ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื™ื ืฆืœ ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื”ื, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
04:39
And I decided, "What the hell?"
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ื•ืื– ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™: "ืžื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช?"
04:43
And --
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ื• --
04:44
CA: And then at some point,
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ื›.ื.: ื•ืื– ืžืชื™ืฉื”ื•,
04:46
someone contributed some code that you thought,
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ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืชืจื ืงื•ื“ ืฉื—ืฉื‘ืช,
04:48
"Wow, that really is interesting, I would not have thought of that.
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"ื•ื•ืื•, ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ืžืขื ื™ืŸ. ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื–ื”.
04:51
This could actually improve this."
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ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืคืจ".
04:53
LT: It didn't even start by people contributing code,
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ืœ.ื˜.: ื–ื” ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืชืจืžื• ืงื•ื“,
04:56
it was more that people started contributing ideas.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืชืจืžื• ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช.
04:59
And just the fact that somebody else takes a look at your project --
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ื•ืจืง ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ ืžืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืฉืœืš --
05:03
and I'm sure it's true of other things, too,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื–ื” ืชืงืฃ ื’ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื,
05:05
but it's definitely true in code --
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื‘ื•ื“ืื•ืช ืชืงืฃ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืงื•ื“ --
05:07
is that somebody else takes an interest in your code,
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ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ ืžืชืขื ื™ืŸ ื‘ืงื•ื“ ืฉืœืš,
05:10
looks at it enough to actually give you feedback
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ืžืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœื™ื• ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืช ืคื™ื“ื‘ืง ืืžื™ืชื™
05:13
and give you ideas.
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ื•ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœืš ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช.
05:15
That was a huge thing for me.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืื“ื™ืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจื™.
05:17
I was 21 at the time, so I was young,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืŸ 21 ื‘ื–ืžื ื•, ืื– ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืขื™ืจ,
05:20
but I had already programmed for half my life, basically.
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ื‘ืจ ืชื™ื›ื ืชืชื™ ื—ืฆื™ ืžืฉื ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™, ืœืžืขืฉื”.
05:24
And every project before that had been completely personal
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ื•ื›ืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ, ื”ื™ื” ืื™ืฉื™ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ
05:28
and it was a revelation when people just started commenting,
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ื•ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช ื›ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื”ื’ื™ื‘,
05:31
started giving feedback on your code.
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ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœืชืช ืžืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืงื•ื“.
05:34
And even before they started giving code back,
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ื•ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœืชืช ืงื•ื“ ื‘ื—ื–ืจื”,
05:38
that was, I think, one of the big moments where I said,
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื”, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘, ืื—ื“ ื”ืจื’ืขื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืืžืจืชื™,
05:41
"I love other people!"
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"ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื!"
05:43
Don't get me wrong --
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ืืœ ืชื˜ืขื• ื‘ื™ --
05:44
I'm actually not a people person.
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ืื ื™ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœื ื‘ื ืื“ื ื—ื‘ืจื•ืชื™.
05:46
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:49
I don't really love other people --
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ืื•ื”ื‘ ืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื --
05:52
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:53
But I love computers,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื,
05:54
I love interacting with other people on email,
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ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืขื ืื ืฉื™ื ื“ืจืš ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ,
05:57
because it kind of gives you that buffer.
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ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆื ื ื•ืชืŸ ืžื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืฆืฅ.
06:00
But I do love other people who comment and get involved in my project.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื›ืŸ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืžื’ื™ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžืชืขืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืฉืœื™.
06:06
And it made it so much more.
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ื•ื” ื”ืคืš ืืช ื–ื” ืœื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
06:09
CA: So was there a moment when you saw what was being built
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ื›.ื.: ืื– ื”ืื ื”ื™ื” ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ืจืื™ืช ืืช ืžื” ืฉื ื‘ื ื”
06:12
and it suddenly started taking off,
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ื•ื–ื” ืœืคืชืข ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืžืจื™ื,
06:14
and you thought, "Wait a sec, this actually could be something huge,
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ื•ื—ืฉื‘ืช: "ืจืง ืจื’ืข, ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืืžืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ืขื ืง,
06:17
not just a personal project that I'm getting nice feedback on,
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ืœื ืจืง ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืžืงื‘ืœ ืขืœื™ื• ืžืฉื•ื‘ ื ื—ืžื“,
06:20
but a kind of explosive development in the whole technology world"?
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ืืœื ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืฉื™ืชืคื•ืฆืฅ ื•ื™ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™?
06:25
LT: Not really.
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ืœ.ื˜.: ืœื ืžืžืฉ.
06:27
I mean, the big point for me, really, was not when it was becoming huge,
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™, ื‘ืืžืช, ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื›ืฉื–ื” ื”ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื ืง,
06:30
it was when it was becoming little.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื›ืฉื–ื” ื”ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงื˜ืŸ.
06:33
The big point for me was not being alone
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ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื”ื™ื” ืœื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื‘ื“
06:37
and having 10, maybe 100 people being involved --
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ื•ื›ืฉื”ื™ื• 10, ืื•ืœื™ 100 ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื --
06:40
that was a big point.
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ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช.
06:42
Then everything else was very gradual.
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ืžืฉื ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืจ ื”ื™ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื”ื“ืจื’ืชื™.
06:45
Going from 100 people to a million people is not a big deal -- to me.
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ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืžืžืื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืœืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืขื ื™ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ -- ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™.
06:49
Well, I mean, maybe it is if you're --
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ื˜ื•ื‘, ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ, ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื ืืชื” --
06:51
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
06:52
If you want to sell your result then it's a huge deal --
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ืื ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืื”, ืื– ื–ื” ืขื ื™ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืื•ื“ --
06:55
don't get me wrong.
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ืฉืœื ืชื‘ื™ื ื• ืื•ืชื™ ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
06:56
But if you're interested in the technology
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืžื” ืฉืžืขื ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชืš
06:58
and you're interested in the project,
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ื•ืืชื” ืžืชืขื ื™ืŸ ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜,
07:00
the big part was getting the community.
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ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื” ื”ื™ื•ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื”.
07:02
Then the community grew gradually.
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ื•ืื– ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื’ื“ืœื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื“ืจื’ืชื™ืช.
07:04
And there's actually not a single point where I went like,
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” ืื™ืŸ ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืื—ืช ืฉื‘ื” ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™,
07:08
"Wow, that just took off!" because it --
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"ื•ื•ืื•, ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ื”ืžืจื™ื!" ื›ื™ ื–ื” --
07:10
I mean -- it took a long time, relatively.
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ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ - ื–ื” ืœืงื— ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ, ื™ื—ืกื™ืช.
07:13
CA: So all the technologists that I talk to really credit you
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ื›.ื.: ืื– ื›ืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ืชื, ืžืฆื™ื™ื ื™ื ืื•ืชืš ื›ืžื™ ืฉืื—ืจืื™
07:16
with massively changing their work.
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ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืฆื•ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื”ื.
07:19
And it's not just Linux,
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก
07:21
it's this thing called Git,
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ื–ื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืฉื ืงืจื ื’ื™ื˜,
07:22
which is this management system for software development.
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืขืจื›ืช ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ืชื•ื›ื ื”.
07:26
Tell us briefly about that and your role in that.
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ืกืคืจ ืœื ื• ื‘ืงืฆืจื” ืขืœ ื–ื”, ื•ืขืœ ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืฉืœืš ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืœ ื–ื”.
07:30
LT: So one of the issues we had,
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ืœ.ื˜.: ืื– ืื—ืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœื ื•,
07:32
and this took a while to start to appear,
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ื•ืœืงื— ื–ืžืŸ ืขื“ ืฉื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ืฆืฆื”,
07:35
is when you ...
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ื”ื™ื ื›ืฉ...
07:37
When you grow from having 10 people or 100 people working on a project
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ื›ืฉืืชื” ื’ื“ืœ ืž-10, ืื• ืžืื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืชื•ื›ื ื”
07:43
to having 10,000 people, which --
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ืœ-10,000 ืื™ืฉ, ืฉื–ื” --
07:45
I mean, right now we're in the situation where just on the kernel,
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื›ืจื’ืข ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ืจืง ืขืœ ื”ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ,
07:48
we have 1,000 people involved in every single release
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• 1000 ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื’ื™ืจืกื
07:52
and that's every two months, roughly two or three months.
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ืฉื™ื•ืฆืืช ื›ืœ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื™ื, ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื™ื ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื‘ืขืจืš.
07:56
Some of those people don't do a lot.
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ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืœื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื”.
07:58
There's a lot of people who make small, small changes.
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ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืžืื•ื“.
08:01
But to maintain this,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชื—ื–ืง ืืช ื–ื”,
08:03
the scale changes how you have to maintain it.
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ื”ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืชื—ื–ืง ืืช ื–ื”.
08:06
And we went through a lot of pain.
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ื•ืขื‘ืจื ื• ื“ืจืš ืžืœืื” ื›ืื‘ื™ื.
08:10
And there are whole projects that do only source-code maintenance.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืฉืœืžื™ื ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื• ืจืง ืœืชื—ื–ื•ืง ืฉืœ ืงื•ื“ ืงื™ื™ื.
08:17
CVS is the one that used to be the most commonly used,
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CVS ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื”ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื–ื”,
08:20
and I hated CVS with a passion and refused to touch it
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ื•ืื ื™ ืฉื ืืชื™ ืืช CVS ืฉื ืื” ืขื–ื” ื•ืกื™ืจื‘ืชื™ ืœื’ืขืช ื‘ื”
08:24
and tried something else that was radical and interesting
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ื•ื ื™ืกื™ืชื™ ืžืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ื•ืžืขื ื™ืŸ
08:27
and everybody else hated.
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ื•ื›ื•ืœื ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืžื ื™ ืฉื ืื•.
08:31
CA: (Laughs)
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ื›.ื.: (ืฆื•ื—ืง)
08:32
LT: And we were in this bad spot,
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ืœ.ื˜.: ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื ื˜ื•ื‘,
08:34
where we had thousands of people who wanted to participate,
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ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ืืœืคื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืจืฆื• ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ,
08:37
but in many ways, I was the kind of break point,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืื ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ื›ืฉืœ,
08:42
where I could not scale to the point
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ื›ืฉืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœื”ืชืจื—ื‘ ืœืจืžื”
08:44
where I could work with thousands of people.
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ืฉื‘ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขื ืืœืคื™ ืื ืฉื™ื.
08:47
So Git is my second big project,
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ืื– ื’ื™ื˜ ื”ื•ื ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœื™,
08:50
which was only created for me to maintain my first big project.
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ืฉื ื•ืฆืจ ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืื•ื›ืœ ืœืชื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™.
08:55
And this is literally how I work.
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ื•ื–ื• ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ืื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“.
08:57
I don't code for --
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืงื•ื“ื“ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ -
09:00
well, I do code for fun --
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ื˜ื•ื‘, ืื ื™ ื›ืŸ ืžืงื•ื“ื“ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื›ื™ื™ืฃ -
09:01
but I want to code for something meaningful
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืงื•ื“ื“ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™
09:04
so every single project I've ever done has been something I needed
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ื›ืš ืฉื›ืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืื™ ืคืขื ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืจื™ืš
09:08
and --
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ื•ื’ื --
09:09
CA: So really, both Linux and Git kind of arose
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ื›.ื.: ืื– ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื’ื ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก ื•ื’ื ื’ื™ื˜ ื‘ืขืฆื ื ื•ืœื“ื•
09:13
almost as an unintended consequence
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ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ืœื ืžื›ื•ื•ื ืช
09:15
of your desire not to have to work with too many people.
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ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืฉืœืš ืฉืœื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื.
09:18
LT: Absolutely. Yes.
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ืœ.ื˜.: ื›ืŸ, ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜.
09:19
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
09:20
CA: That's amazing. LT: Yeah.
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ื›.ื.: ื–ื” ืžื“ื”ื™ื ืœ.ื˜.: ื›ืŸ.
09:22
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
09:23
And yet, you're the man who's transformed technology
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช, ืืชื” ื”ืื™ืฉ ืฉืฉื™ื ื” ืืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”
09:27
not just once but twice,
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ืœื ืจืง ืคืขื ืื—ืช, ืืœื ืคืขืžื™ื™ื.
09:28
and we have to try and understand why it is.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ, ืœืžื” ื–ื” ื”ืžืฆื‘.
09:31
You've given us some clues, but ...
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ื ืชืช ืœื ื• ื›ืžื” ืจืžื–ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ...
09:32
Here's a picture of you as a kid, with a Rubik's Cube.
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ื”ื ื” ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœืš ื›ื™ืœื“, ืขื ืงื•ื‘ื™ื” ื”ื ื•ื’ืจื™ืช.
09:37
You mentioned that you've been programming since you were like 10 or 11,
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ื”ื–ื›ืจืช ืฉืืชื” ืžืชื›ื ืช ืžืื– ืฉื”ื™ื™ืช ื‘ืŸ 10 ืื• 11,
09:41
half your life.
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ื—ืฆื™ ืžื—ื™ื™ืš.
09:43
Were you this sort of computer genius, you know, รผbernerd,
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ื”ืื ื”ื™ื™ืช ื›ื–ื” ื’ืื•ืŸ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื, ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข, ื—ื ื•ืŸ-ืขืœ
09:46
were you the star at school who could do everything?
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ื”ืื ื”ื™ื™ืช ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ?
09:49
What were you like as a kid?
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ืื™ืš ื”ื™ื™ืช ื›ื™ืœื“?
09:52
LT: Yeah, I think I was the prototypical nerd.
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ืœ.ื˜.: ื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื”ื—ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืกื™.
09:54
I mean, I was ...
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ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ, ื”ื™ื™ืชื™...
09:57
I was not a people person back then.
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ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืชื™ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ื”ื™ื.
09:59
That's my younger brother.
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ื–ื” ืื—ื™ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ.
10:01
I was clearly more interested in the Rubik's Cube
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ืื ื™ ื‘ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื”ืชืขื ื™ื™ื ืชื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื™ื” ื”ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™ืช
10:04
than my younger brother.
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ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ืื—ื™ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ.
10:06
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
10:07
My younger sister, who's not in the picture,
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ืื—ื•ืชื™ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื”, ืฉืœื ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื”,
10:10
when we had family meetings --
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ืืจื•ืขื™ื ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ื™ื --
10:12
and it's not a huge family, but I have, like, a couple of cousins --
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ื•ื–ื• ืœื ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืขื ืงื™ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื™, ื ื’ื™ื“, ื›ืžื” ื‘ื ื™ ื“ื•ื“ื™ื --
10:16
she would prep me beforehand.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื›ื™ื ื” ืื•ืชื™ ืžืจืืฉ.
10:19
Like, before I stepped into the room she would say,
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ื›ื ืกืชื™ ืœื—ื“ืจ ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืื•ืžืจืช,
10:22
"OK. That's so-and-so ..."
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"ืื•.ืงื™, ื–ื” ืื™ืš-ืงื•ืจืื™ื-ืœื•..."
10:25
Because I was not --
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ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ --
10:28
I was a geek.
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ืื ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื’ื™ืง.
10:29
I was into computers,
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ื”ืชืขื ื™ื™ื ืชื™ ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื,
10:30
I was into math,
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ื”ืชืขื ื™ื™ื ืชื™ ื‘ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื”,
10:31
I was into physics.
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ื”ืชืขื ื™ื™ื ืชื™ ื‘ืคื™ืกื™ืงื”.
10:33
I was good at that.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื–ื”.
10:34
I don't think I was particularly exceptional.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืื•ื“ ื™ื•ืฆื ื“ื•ืคืŸ.
10:37
Apparently, my sister said
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ืžืกืชื‘ืจ, ืื—ื•ืชื™ ืืžืจื”,
10:39
that my biggest exceptional quality was that I would not let go.
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ืฉื”ืชื›ื•ื ื” ื”ื›ื™ ื™ื•ืฆืืช ื“ื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉืœื ื•ื™ืชืจืชื™.
10:47
CA: OK, so let's go there, because that's interesting.
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ื›.ื.: ืื•ืงื™, ื‘ื•ื ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื–ื”, ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืžืขื ื™ืŸ.
10:50
You would not let go.
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ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืช ืžื•ื•ืชืจ.
10:51
So that's not about being a geek and being smart,
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ืื– ื–ื” ืœื ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื™ืง ืื• ืœืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื›ื,
10:54
that's about being ... stubborn?
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ื–ื” ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืชืš... ืขืงืฉืŸ?
10:57
LT: That's about being stubborn.
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ืœ.ื˜.: ื–ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขืงืฉืŸ.
10:58
That's about, like,
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ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ืฉืืชื”, ื›ืื™ืœื•,
11:01
just starting something
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ืจืง ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืžืฉื”ื•
11:03
and not saying, "OK, I'm done, let's do something else --
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ื•ืœื ืื•ืžืจ ืžื™ื“: "ื–ื”ื•, ืกื™ื™ืžืชื™, ื‘ื ื ืขืฉื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ --
11:08
Look: shiny!"
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ืชืจืื•: ื ื•ืฆืฅ!"
11:10
And I notice that in many other parts in my life, too.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืฉื ืœื‘ ืœื–ื” ื’ื ื‘ื—ืœืงื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™.
11:15
I lived in Silicon Valley for seven years.
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ื’ืจืชื™ ื‘ืขืžืง ื”ืกื™ืœื™ืงื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื.
11:18
And I worked for the same company, in Silicon Valley,
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ื•ืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื—ื‘ืจื”, ื‘ืขืžืง ื”ืกื™ืœื™ืงื•ืŸ,
11:22
for the whole time.
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ื”ืชืงื•ืคื”.
11:24
That is unheard of.
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ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ื ื“ื™ืจ.
11:27
That's not how Silicon Valley works.
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ื–ื• ืœื ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ืขืžืง ื”ืกื™ืœื™ืงื•ืŸ ืคื•ืขืœ.
11:28
The whole point of Silicon Valley is that people jump between jobs
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ื›ืœ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืžืง ื”ืกื™ืœื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืงื•ืคืฆื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช
11:32
to kind of mix up the pot.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื•ืœืฉื ื•ืช.
11:35
And that's not the kind of person I am.
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื ืžื™ ืฉืื ื™.
11:37
CA: But during the actual development of Linux itself,
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ื›.ื.: ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืœ ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก ืขืฆืžื•,
11:39
that stubbornness sometimes brought you in conflict with other people.
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ื”ืขืงืฉื ื•ืช ื”ื–ื• ื’ืจืžื” ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืœืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืขื ืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
11:44
Talk about that a bit.
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ืกืคืจ ืขืœ ื–ื” ืงืฆืช.
11:46
Was that essential to sort of maintain the quality of what was being built?
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ื”ืื ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžืจ ืืช ื”ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื‘ื ื”?
11:51
How would you describe what happened?
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ืื™ืš ื”ื™ื™ืช ืžืชืืจ ืืช ืžื” ืฉืงืจื”?
11:54
LT: I don't know if it's essential.
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ืœ.ื˜.: ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื ื–ื” ื—ื™ื•ื ื™.
11:57
Going back to the "I'm not a people person," --
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ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืœ"ืื ื™ ืœื ื‘ื ืื“ื ื—ื‘ืจื•ืชื™", --
12:00
sometimes I'm also ...
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืื ื™ ื’ื...
12:04
shall we say,
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ืื™ืš ืœื•ืžืจ,
12:05
"myopic" when it comes to other people's feelings,
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"ืงืฆืจ ืจืื™ื”" ื›ืฉื–ื” ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื,
12:09
and that sometimes makes you say things that hurt other people.
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ื•ื–ื” ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื’ื•ืจื ืœืš ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืคื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
12:14
And I'm not proud of that.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ื’ืื” ื‘ื›ืš.
12:18
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
12:19
But, at the same time, it's --
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ืื‘ืœ, ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžื™ื“ื”, ื–ื” --
12:22
I get people who tell me that I should be nice.
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ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื—ืžื“.
12:26
And then when I try to explain to them that maybe you're nice,
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ื•ืื– ืฉื›ืฉืื ื™ ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื”ื ืฉืืชื ืื•ืœื™ ื ื—ืžื“ื™ื,
12:32
maybe you should be more aggressive,
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ืื•ืœื™ ืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืชื•ืงืคื ื™ื,
12:34
they see that as me being not nice.
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ื”ื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืœื›ืš ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ื ื—ืžื“.
12:38
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
12:40
What I'm trying to say is we are different.
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ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžื ืกื” ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ื•ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
12:42
I'm not a people person;
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืื™ืฉ ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื,
12:44
it's not something I'm particularly proud of,
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ื–ื” ืœื ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืื ื™ ื’ืื” ื‘ื• ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“,
12:46
but it's part of me.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื—ืœืง ืžืžื ื™.
12:48
And one of the things I really like about open source
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ื•ืื—ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ืื•ื”ื‘ ื‘ืงื•ื“ ืคืชื•ื—
12:50
is it really allows different people to work together.
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืืžืช ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ื™ื—ื“.
12:56
We don't have to like each other --
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื—ื‘ื‘ ืื—ื“ ืืช ื”ืฉื ื™ --
12:58
and sometimes we really don't like each other.
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ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืžืฉ ืœื ืžื—ื‘ื‘ื™ื ืื—ื“ ืืช ื”ืฉื ื™.
13:00
Really -- I mean, there are very, very heated arguments.
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ื‘ืืžืช - - ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื™ืฉ ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืžืื•ื“ ืกื•ืขืจื™ื.
13:04
But you can, actually, you can find things that --
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ืื‘ืœ ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ, ื‘ืขืฆื, ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉ --
13:08
you don't even agree to disagree,
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ืืชื ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ืžืกื›ื™ืžื™ื ืœื ืœื”ืกื›ื™ื,
13:10
it's just that you're interested in really different things.
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ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉืืชื ืžืชืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืžืฉ ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
13:13
And coming back to the point where I said earlier
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ื•ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืœื ืงื•ื“ื” ืฉืฆื™ื™ื ืชื™ ืžื•ืงื“ื ื™ื•ืชืจ
13:16
that I was afraid of commercial people taking advantage of your work,
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ืฉื—ืฉืฉืชื™ ืžืื ืฉื™ื ืžืกื—ืจื™ื™ื ืฉื™ื ืฆืœื• ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœืš,
13:20
it turned out, and very quickly turned out,
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ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ, ืžื”ืจ ืžืื•ื“ ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ,
13:23
that those commercial people were lovely, lovely people.
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ืฉื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžืกื—ืจื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื”ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืงืกื™ืžื™ื, ืžืงืกื™ืžื™ื.
13:26
And they did all the things that I was not at all interested in doing,
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ื•ื”ื ืขืฉื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžืžืฉ ืœื ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช,
13:30
and they had completely different goals.
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ื•ื”ื™ื• ืœื”ื ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ.
13:32
And they used open source in ways that I just did not want to go.
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ื•ื”ื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ืงื•ื“ ื”ืคืชื•ื— ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉืื ื™ ืžืžืฉ ืœื ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”.
13:37
But because it was open source they could do it,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืงื•ื“ ืคืชื•ื— ื”ื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”,
13:39
and it actually works really beautifully together.
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ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืžืžืฉ ื™ืคื” ื‘ื™ื—ื“.
13:42
And I actually think it works the same way.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื“ืจืš.
13:44
You need to have the people-people, the communicators,
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ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื”ืื ืฉื™ื-ืื ืฉื™ื, ื”ืžืชืงืฉืจื™ื,
13:47
the warm and friendly people
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ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื—ืžื™ื ื•ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืชื™ื™ื
13:49
who like --
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ืฉื”ื ื›ื–ื” --
13:50
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
13:52
really want to hug you and get you into the community.
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ืžืžืฉ ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื—ื‘ืง ืื•ืชืš ื•ืœื”ื›ื ืก ืœืงื”ื™ืœื”.
13:55
But that's not everybody.
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ืื‘ืœ ืืœื” ืœื ื›ื•ืœื.
13:56
And that's not me.
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื ืื ื™.
13:58
I care about the technology.
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ืœื™ ืื›ืคืช ืžื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”.
13:59
There are people who care about the UI.
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ื™ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืื›ืคืช ืœื”ื ืžื”ืžืžืฉืง ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉ.
14:01
I can't do UI to save my life.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืžืฉืง ืžืฉืชืžืฉ, ื‘ื›ืœืœ.
14:04
I mean, if I was stranded on an island
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ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ, ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืชืงื•ืข ืขืœ ืื™ ื‘ื•ื“ื“
14:07
and the only way to get off that island was the make a pretty UI,
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ื•ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืœืฆืืช ืžื”ืื™ ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžืžืฉืง ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื™ืคื”,
14:11
I'd die there.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืช ืฉื.
14:12
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
14:13
So there's different kinds of people,
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ืื– ื™ืฉ ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื,
14:15
and I'm not making excuses, I'm trying to explain.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืชืจืฅ ืชืจื•ืฆื™ื, ืื ื™ ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ.
14:18
CA: Now, when we talked last week,
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ื›.ื.: ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื›ืฉื“ื‘ืจื ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืฉืขื‘ืจ,
14:20
you talked about some other trait that you have,
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ื“ื‘ืจืช ืขืœ ืชื›ื•ื ื” ืื—ืจืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืš,
14:22
which I found really interesting.
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ืฉื ืจืื™ืช ืœื™ ืžืžืฉ ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช.
14:24
It's this idea called taste.
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ื–ื” ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื˜ืขื.
14:25
And I've just got a couple of images here.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื›ืืŸ ื›ืžื” ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช.
14:28
I think this is an example of not particularly good taste in code,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื• ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืฉืœ ื˜ืขื ืœื ืžืื•ื“ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ืงื•ื“,
14:32
and this one is better taste,
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ื•ื–ื• ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืฉืœ ื˜ืขื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘,
14:35
which one can immediately see.
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ืฉืืคืฉืจ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ืช ืœืจืื•ืช.
14:37
What is the difference between these two?
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ืžื” ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช?
14:40
LT: So this is --
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ืœ.ื˜.: ืื– ื›ืืŸ ื–ื” --
14:41
How many people here actually have coded?
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ื›ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืืŸ ื›ืชื‘ื• ืงื•ื“ ื‘ืขืฆืžื?
14:45
CA: Oh my goodness.
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ื›.ื.: ืื•, ื•ื•ืื•.
14:47
LT: So I guarantee you,
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ืœ.ื˜.: ืื– ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืœืš,
14:48
everybody who raised their hand,
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ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื”ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ื“,
14:49
they have done what's called a singly-linked list.
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ื›ื•ืœื ืขืฉื• ืžื” ืฉื ืงืจื ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืžืฉื•ืจืฉืจืช ื—ื“ ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ืช.
14:52
And it's taught --
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ื•ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ืืช ื–ื” --
14:55
This, the first not very good taste approach,
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ื–ื”, ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื ืžืื•ื“ ื™ืคื”,
14:58
is basically how it's taught to be done when you start out coding.
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ื›ื›ื” ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื›ืฉืืชื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืชื›ื ื•ืช.
15:02
And you don't have to understand the code.
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ื•ืืชื” ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืงื•ื“.
15:04
The most interesting part to me
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ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื›ื™ ืžืขื ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™
15:06
is the last if statement.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”"ืื".
15:10
Because what happens in a singly-linked list --
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ื›ื™ ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืจืฉื™ืžื” ื›ื–ื•
15:13
this is trying to remove an existing entry from a list --
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ื–ื” ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืจืฉื•ืžื” ืงื™ืžืช ืžื”ืจืฉื™ืžื”
15:16
and there's a difference between if it's the first entry
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ื•ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ืื ื–ื• ื”ืจืฉื•ืžื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”
15:20
or whether it's an entry in the middle.
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ืื• ืฉื–ื• ืจืฉื•ืžื” ื‘ืืžืฆืข.
15:22
Because if it's the first entry,
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ื›ื™ ืื ื–ื• ื”ืจืฉื•ืžื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”,
15:24
you have to change the pointer to the first entry.
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ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืคื•ื™ื ื˜ืจ ืœืจืฉื•ืžื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”.
15:27
If it's in the middle,
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ืื ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืข,
15:28
you have to change the pointer of a previous entry.
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ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืคื•ื™ื ื˜ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืžื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช.
15:31
So they're two completely different cases.
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ืื– ืืœื” ืฉื ื™ ืžืงืจื™ื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
15:33
CA: And that's better.
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ื›.ื.: ื•ื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘.
15:34
LT: And this is better.
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ืœ.ื˜.: ื•ื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘.
15:35
It does not have the if statement.
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ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืืช ื”ืชื ืื™.
15:38
And it doesn't really matter --
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ืžืฉื ื” --
15:40
I don't want you understand why it doesn't have the if statement,
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชื‘ื™ื ื• ืœืžื” ืื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืชื ืื™,
15:44
but I want you to understand
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชื‘ื™ื ื•
15:45
that sometimes you can see a problem in a different way
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ืฉืœืคืขืžื™ื ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉื•ื ื”
15:48
and rewrite it so that a special case goes away
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ื•ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืื•ืชื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื›ืš ืฉืžืงืจื” ืงืฆื” ื ืขืœื
15:51
and becomes the normal case.
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ื•ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืงืจื” ืจื’ื™ืœ.
15:53
And that's good code.
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ื•ื–ื” ืงื•ื“ ื˜ื•ื‘.
15:55
But this is simple code.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืงื•ื“ ืคืฉื•ื˜.
15:56
This is CS 101.
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ื–ื” ืžื‘ื•ื ืœืžื“ืขื™ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘.
15:58
This is not important -- although, details are important.
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ื–ื” ืœื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ -- ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืคืจื˜ื™ื ื”ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื.
16:01
To me, the sign of people I really want to work with
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ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™, ื”ืกื™ืžืŸ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืื™ืชื
16:05
is that they have good taste, which is how ...
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื˜ืขื ื˜ื•ื‘, ื•ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื”...
16:09
I sent you this stupid example
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ืฉืฉืœื—ืชื™ ืœืš ืืช ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื”ื˜ืคืฉื™ืช ื”ื–ื•
16:10
that is not relevant because it's too small.
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ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ืช ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื” ืžื“ื™.
16:13
Good taste is much bigger than this.
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ื˜ืขื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื–ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื–ื”.
16:15
Good taste is about really seeing the big patterns
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ื˜ืขื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื ื”ืจืื™ื” ืฉืœ ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช
16:19
and kind of instinctively knowing what's the right way to do things.
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ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืœื“ืขืช ืžื” ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
16:24
CA: OK, so we're putting the pieces together here now.
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ื›.ื.: ื˜ื•ื‘, ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืืŸ ืืช ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
16:27
You have taste,
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ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื˜ืขื,
16:30
in a way that's meaningful to software people.
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืœืื ืฉื™ ืชื•ื›ื ื”.
16:32
You're --
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ืืชื” --
16:33
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
16:35
LT: I think it was meaningful to some people here.
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ืœ.ื˜.: ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืœื—ืœืง ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืืŸ.
16:39
CA: You're a very smart computer coder,
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ื›.ื.: ืืชื” ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืชืŸ ืžืื•ื“ ื—ื›ื,
16:42
and you're hellish stubborn.
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ื•ืืชื” ืขืงืฉืŸ ื›ืžื•ืจ ื—ืžื•ืจ.
16:45
But there must be something else.
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ืื‘ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื•ื“ ืžืฉื”ื•.
16:47
I mean, you've changed the future.
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืืชื” ืฉื™ื ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“.
16:48
You must have the ability of these grand visions of the future.
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ื—ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœืš ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืจืื•ืช ื—ื–ื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืื“ื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“.
16:51
You're a visionary, right?
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ืืชื” ืื™ืฉ ื—ื–ื•ืŸ, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
16:53
LT: I've actually felt slightly uncomfortable at TED
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ืœ.ื˜.: ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ืงืฆืช ืœื ื ื— ื‘-TED
16:55
for the last two days,
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ื‘ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื,
16:57
because there's a lot of vision going on, right?
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ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื—ื–ื•ืŸ, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
17:00
And I am not a visionary.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ืื™ืฉ ืฉืœ ื—ื–ื•ืŸ.
17:02
I do not have a five-year plan.
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ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื—ื•ืžืฉ.
17:04
I'm an engineer.
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ืื ื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืก.
17:05
And I think it's really --
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช --
17:07
I mean -- I'm perfectly happy with all the people
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืื ื™ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื
17:09
who are walking around and just staring at the clouds
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ืฉืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืขื ื ื™ื
17:12
and looking at the stars and saying, "I want to go there."
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ื•ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื, "ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืฉื".
17:15
But I'm looking at the ground,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืžืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืื“ืžื”,
17:16
and I want to fix the pothole that's right in front of me
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ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืจ ืฉืžืžืฉ ืœืคื ื™
17:19
before I fall in.
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืืคื•ืœ ืœืชื•ื›ื•.
17:20
This is the kind of person I am.
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ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ื”ืื™ืฉ ืฉืื ื™.
17:22
(Cheers)
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(ืงืจื™ืื•ืช ืขื™ื“ื•ื“)
17:23
(Applause)
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(ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช)
17:25
CA: So you spoke to me last week about these two guys.
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ื›.ื.: ืกื™ืคืจืช ืœื™ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืขืœ ืฉื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื
17:29
Who are they and how do you relate to them?
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ืžื™ ื”ื, ื•ืžื” ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœืš ืืœื™ื”ื?
17:32
LT: Well, so this is kind of clichรฉ in technology,
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ืœ.ื˜.: ื˜ื•ื‘, ื–ื• ืงืฆืช ืงืœื™ืฉืื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”,
17:35
the whole Tesla versus Edison,
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ื›ืœ ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื˜ืกืœื” ืžื•ืœ ืื“ื™ืกื•ืŸ,
17:37
where Tesla is seen as the visionary scientist and crazy idea man.
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ื›ืฉื˜ืกืœื” ื ืชืคืก ื›ืžื“ืขืŸ ืื™ืฉ ื”ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื•ื’ืขื™ื,
17:42
And people love Tesla.
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ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื˜ืกืœื”.
17:45
I mean, there are people who name their companies after him.
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื™ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืขืœ ืฉืžื•.
17:48
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
17:51
The other person there is Edison,
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ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืื“ื™ืกื•ืŸ,
17:54
who is actually often vilified for being kind of pedestrian
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ืฉืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื–ืœื–ืœื™ื ื‘ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืคืฉื˜ื ื™
17:57
and is --
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ื•ืฉื”ื•ื--
17:59
I mean, his most famous quote is,
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ ื”ื›ื™ ืžืคื•ืจืกื ืฉืœื• ื”ื•ื:
18:02
"Genius is one percent inspiration and 99 percent perspiration."
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"ื’ืื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืื—ื•ื– ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืจืื” ื•-99 ืื—ื•ื– ื–ื™ืขื”"
18:07
And I'm in the Edison camp,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื‘ืžื—ื ื” ืื“ื™ืกื•ืŸ,
18:08
even if people don't always like him.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื•.
18:11
Because if you actually compare the two,
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ื›ื™ ืื ืืชื” ืžืžืฉ ืžืฉื•ื•ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื,
18:14
Tesla has kind of this mind grab these days,
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ื˜ืกืœื” ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื,
18:18
but who actually changed the world?
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื™ ื‘ืืžืช ืฉื™ื ื” ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื?
18:21
Edison may not have been a nice person,
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ืื“ื™ืกื•ืŸ ืื•ืœื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืื“ื ื ื—ืžื“,
18:25
he did a lot of things --
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ื”ื•ื ืขืฉื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื --
18:28
he was maybe not so intellectual,
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ื”ื•ื ืื•ืœื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื›ื–ื” ืื™ื ื˜ืœืงื˜ื•ืืœ,
18:30
not so visionary.
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ืœื ืื™ืฉ ื—ื–ื•ืŸ.
18:33
But I think I'm more of an Edison than a Tesla.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื“ื™ืกื•ืŸ ืžื˜ืกืœื”.
18:37
CA: So our theme at TED this week is dreams --
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ื›.ื.: ืื– ื”ื ื•ืฉื ืฉืœื ื• ื‘-TED ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ื•ื ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช --
18:40
big, bold, audacious dreams.
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ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ื ื•ืขื–ื™ื, ื”ืจืคืชืงื ื™ื.
18:41
You're really the antidote to that.
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ืืชื” ื‘ืขืฆื ื”ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื–ื”.
18:43
LT: I'm trying to dial it down a bit, yes.
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ืœ.ื˜.: ืื ื™ ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฉ ืืช ื–ื” ืงืฆืช, ื›ืŸ.
18:45
CA: That's good.
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ื›.ื.: ื–ื” ื˜ื•ื‘.
18:46
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
18:47
We embrace you, we embrace you.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื—ื‘ืงื™ื ืื•ืชืš, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื—ื‘ืงื™ื ืื•ืชืš.
18:51
Companies like Google and many others have made, arguably,
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ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื’ื•ื’ืœ ื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช, ื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื•, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ,
18:53
like, billions of dollars out of your software.
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ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ื™ ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื ืžื”ืชื•ื›ื ื” ืฉืœืš.
18:56
Does that piss you off?
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ื–ื” ืžืจื’ื™ื– ืื•ืชืš?
18:57
LT: No.
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ืœ.ื˜.: ืœื.
18:58
No, it doesn't piss me off for several reasons.
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ืœื, ื–ื” ืœื ืžืจื’ื™ื– ืื•ืชื™ ืžื›ืžื” ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช.
19:01
And one of them is, I'm doing fine.
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ืื—ืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื, ืฉืื ื™ ื“ื™ ืžืกื•ื“ืจ.
19:03
I'm really doing fine.
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ืžืฆื‘ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ื˜ื•ื‘.
19:04
But the other reason is --
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ื”ื™ื --
19:06
I mean, without doing the whole open source and really letting go thing,
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื‘ืœื™ ื›ืœ ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืงื•ื“ ื”ืคืชื•ื— ื•ื”ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ืฉืœื•,
19:11
Linux would never have been what it is.
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ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื.
19:14
And it's brought experiences I don't really enjoy, public talking,
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ืžืžืฉ ื ื”ื ื” ืžื”ืŸ, ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืงื”ืœ,
19:19
but at the same time, this is an experience.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ื–ื• ื—ื•ื•ื™ื”.
19:21
Trust me.
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ืชืกืžื›ื• ืขืœื™.
19:23
So there's a lot of things going on that make me a very happy man
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ืื– ืงื•ืจื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืฉ ืžืื•ืฉืจ
19:28
and thinking I did the right choices.
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ื•ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื‘ื—ืจืชื™ ืืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช.
19:30
CA: Is the open source idea --
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ื›.ื.: ื”ืื ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ื“ ื”ืคืชื•ื— --
19:32
this is, I think we'll end here --
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื ืกื™ื™ื ื›ืืŸ,
19:34
is the open source idea fully realized now in the world,
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ื”ืื ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ื“ ื”ืคืชื•ื— ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืžื•ืžืฉ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
19:38
or is there more that it could go,
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ืื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืขื“ื™ืŸ ืœืืŸ ืœืœื›ืช,
19:41
are there more things that it could do?
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช?
19:44
LT: So, I'm of two minds there.
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ืœ.ื˜.: ืื–, ืื ื™ ืžืชืœื‘ื˜ ื›ืืŸ.
19:46
I think one reason open source works so well in code
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื—ืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืงื•ื“ ืคืชื•ื— ืžืชืื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืœืชื•ื›ื ื”
19:51
is that at the end of the day,
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ื”ื™ื ืฉื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ,
19:53
code tends to be somewhat black and white.
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ืงื•ื“ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื•ืœื‘ืŸ.
19:57
There's often a fairly good way to decide,
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ื‘ืจื‘ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื™ืฉ ื“ืจืš ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜,
20:01
this is done correctly and this is not done well.
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ืฉืžืฉื”ื• ื ืขืฉื” ื›ืžื• ืฉืฆืจื™ืš, ื•ืžืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ ืœื ื‘ื•ืฆืข ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”.
20:05
Code either works or it doesn't,
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ื”ืงื•ื“ ืขื•ื‘ื“, ืื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ืขื•ื‘ื“.
20:07
which means that there's less room for arguments.
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ืžื” ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืงื•ื ืœื•ื™ื›ื•ื—ื™ื.
20:12
And we have arguments despite this, right?
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ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื• ื•ื™ื›ื•ื—ื™ื ืœืžืจื•ืช ื–ืืช, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
20:16
In many other areas --
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ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื --
20:17
I mean, people have talked about open politics and things like that --
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืื ืฉื™ื ื“ื™ื‘ืจื• ืขืœ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ืคืชื•ื—ื”, ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืืœื”
20:21
and it's really hard sometimes to say
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ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืžืžืฉ ืงืฉื” ืœื•ืžืจ
20:24
that, yes, you can apply the same principles in some other areas
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ืฉื›ืŸ, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ืฉื ืืช ืื•ืชื ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื
20:28
just because the black and white turns into not just gray,
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื›ื™ ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื•ื”ืœื‘ืŸ ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื ืจืง ืœืืคื•ืจ,
20:33
but different colors.
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ืืœื ืœืฆื‘ืขื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
20:36
So, obviously open source in science is making a comeback.
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ืื–, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉืงื•ื“ ืคืชื•ื— ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ืžื“ืข.
20:40
Science was there first.
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ื”ืžื“ืข ื”ื™ื” ืฉื ืจืืฉื•ืŸ.
20:42
But then science ended up being pretty closed,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื– ื”ืžื“ืข ื”ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื“ื™ ืกื’ื•ืจ,
20:45
with very expensive journals and some of that going on.
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ืขื ื’'ื•ืจื ืœื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื™ืงืจื™ื ื•ื›ืืœื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
20:48
And open source is making a comeback in science,
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ื•ืงื•ื“ ืคืชื•ื— ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ืžื“ืข,
20:52
with things like arXiv and open journals.
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ืขื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• arXive, ื•ื’'ื•ืจื ืœื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื.
20:59
Wikipedia changed the world, too.
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ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื” ืฉื™ื ืชื” ื’ื ื”ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื.
21:01
So there are other examples,
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ืื– ื™ืฉ ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช,
21:02
I'm sure there are more to come.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืขืชื™ื“.
21:05
CA: But you're not a visionary,
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ื›.ื.: ืื‘ืœ ืืชื” ืœื ืื™ืฉ ืฉืœ ื—ื–ื•ืŸ,
21:07
and so it's not up to you to name them.
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ืื– ืœื ืชืคืงื™ื“ืš ืœื—ื–ื•ืช ืžื™ ื”ื ื™ื”ื™ื•.
21:09
LT: No.
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ืœ.ื˜.: ืœื.
21:10
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
21:11
It's up to you guys to make them, right?
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ื–ื” ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืฉืœื›ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืื•ืชื, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
21:13
CA: Exactly.
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ื›.ื.: ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง.
21:14
Linus Torvalds,
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ืœื™ื ื•ืก ื˜ื•ืจื‘ืืœื“ืก,
21:15
thank you for Linux, thank you for the Internet,
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœืš ืขืœ ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก, ืชื•ื“ื” ืœืš ืขืœ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜,
21:18
thank you for all those Android phones.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœืš ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื ื“ืจื•ืื™ื“.
21:20
Thank you for coming here to TED and revealing so much of yourself.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœืš ืฉื‘ืืช ืœื›ืืŸ ืœ-TED, ื•ืฉื—ืฉืคืช ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขืœ ืขืฆืžืš.
21:23
LT: Thank you.
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ืœ.ื˜.: ืชื•ื“ื” ืœืš.
21:24
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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