Why Gender Equality Is Good for Everyone — Men Included | Michael Kimmel | TED Talks

Translator: Ámbar Gorretas Aymerich Reviewer: Alba Puig

I'm here to recruit men to support gender equality.

Sóc aquí per a reclutar homes que defensin la igualtat de gènere.

(Cheers)

(Aplaudiments)

Wait, wait. What?

Espera, espera. Cóm?

What do men have to do with gender equality?

Perquè han de defensar els homes la igualtat de gènere?

Gender equality is about women, right?

És una cosa de dones això, oi?

I mean, the word gender is about women.

Vull dir, la paraula "gènere" fa referència a les dones.

Actually, I'm even here speaking as a middle class white man.

De fet, estic parlant com un home blanc de classe mitjana.

Now, I wasn't always a middle class white man.

Però, no sempre he sigut un home blanc de classe mitjana.

It all happened for me about 30 years ago when I was in graduate school,

Tot va començar fa uns 30 anys quan anava a l'escola de postgrau,

and a bunch of us graduate students got together one day,

i tota la colla d'estudiants, vam juntar-nos un dia

and we said, you know, there's an explosion

i vam comentar que hi havia una explosió

of writing and thinking in feminist theory,

de pensaments i textos sobre teories feministes

but there's no courses yet.

però encara no hi havia cap curs.

So we did what graduate students typically do in a situation like that.

Així que vam fer el que solen fer uns estudiants en una situació així.

We said, OK, let's have a study group.

Vam decidir fer un grup d'estudi.

We'll read a text, we'll talk about it,

Llegiríem un text, en parlaríem

we'll have a potluck dinner.

i faríem un sopar.

(Laughter)

(Riures)

So every week, 11 women and me got together.

Així que cada setmana, ens juntàvem 11 dones i jo.

(Laughter)

(Riures)

We would read some text in feminist theory and have a conversation about it.

Llegíem algunes teoríes feministes i en parlàvem.

And during one of our conversations,

I durant una d'aquestes converses,

I witnessed an interaction that changed my life forever.

vaig presenciar una interacció que em va canviar la vida.

It was a conversation between two women.

Era una conversa entre dues dones.

One of the women was white, and one was black.

Una d'elles era blanca, l'altra, negra.

And the white woman said --

I la dona blanca va dir:

this is going to sound very anachronistic now --

(això sonarà anacrònic ara)

the white woman said, "All women face the same oppression as women.

va dir: "totes les dones patim la mateixa opressió.

All women are similarly situated in patriarchy,

Totes estem sotmeses a la patriarquia

and therefore all women have a kind of intuitive solidarity or sisterhood."

i per això tenim una mena de solidaritat o germanor entre nosaltres."

And the black woman said, "I'm not so sure.

I la dona negra va dir: "Jo no n' estic tan segura.

Let me ask you a question."

Deixa'm fer-te una pregunta."

So the black woman says to the white woman,

I la dona negra li va dir a la blanca:

"When you wake up in the morning and you look in the mirror,

"Quan et lleves al matí, i et mires al mirall,

what do you see?"

què veus?"

And the white woman said, "I see a woman."

La dona blanca va dir: "una dona".

And the black woman said, "You see, that's the problem for me.

I la negra li va respondre: "Veus? Aquest es el problema.

Because when I wake up in the morning and I look in the mirror," she said,

Perquè quan jo em llevo i miro al mirall,

"I see a black woman.

veig una dona negra.

To me, race is visible. But to you, race is invisible. You don't see it."

Per a mi, la raça es veu. Però per a tu, és invisible. No la pots veure"

And then she said something really startling.

I després va afegir una cosa molt sorprenent.

She said, "That's how privilege works.

Va dir "Així funcionen els privilegis.

Privilege is invisible to those who have it."

Són invisibles pels qui en tenen."

It is a luxury, I will say to the white people sitting in this room,

Diré a la gent blanca d'aquesta sala, que és un luxe

not to have to think about race every split second of our lives.

no haver de pensar sobre races cada segon de les vostres vides.

Privilege is invisible to those who have it.

El privilegi és invisible pels qui ho tenen.

Now remember, I was the only man in this group,

Recordeu que jo era l'únic home d'aquell grup,

so when I witnessed this, I went, "Oh no."

i quan ho vaig veure, vaig pensar "Oh, no."

(Laughter)

(Riures)

And somebody said, "Well what was that reaction?"

I algú va dir, "cóm reacciones tú?"

And I said, "Well, when I wake up in the morning and I look in the mirror,

Vaig respondre: "Bueno, quan jo em llevo i miro al mirall,

I see a human being.

veig un ésser humà.

I'm kind of the generic person.

Sóc una persona molt genèrica.

You know, I'm a middle class white man. I have no race, no class, no gender.

Sóc un home blanc de classe mitjana. No tinc raça, classe ni gènere.

I'm universally generalizable."

Sóc universalment generalitzable."

(Laughter)

(Riures)

So I like to think that was the moment I became a middle class white man,

Penso que llavors vaig tornar-me un home blanc de classe mitjana

that class and race and gender were not about other people,

i vaig adonar-me que la classe, la raça o el gènere no eren coses alienes;

they were about me.

m'afectaven directament.

I had to start thinking about them,

Vaig començar a pensar-hi,

and it had been privilege that had kept it invisible to me for so long.

i vaig adonar-me que era un privilegi invisible per a mi durant molt de temps.

Now, I wish I could tell you this story ends 30 years ago

Tant de bo aquesta història hagués acabat fa 30 anys

in that little discussion group,

en aquell grup de debat,

but I was reminded of it quite recently at my university where I teach.

però tornar-la a recordar fa molt poc a la universitat on ensenyo.

I have a colleague, and she and I both teach the sociology of gender course

Una col·lega i jo impartim el curs de gènere i sociologia,

on alternate semesters.

en semestres diferents.

So she gives a guest lecture for me when I teach.

Ella fa ponències d'invitada quan jo ensenyo.

I give a guest lecture for her when she teaches.

I jo en faig quan ensenya ella.

So I walk into her class to give a guest lecture,

Un dia, vaig entrar a classe seva per fer una ponència,

about 300 students in the room,

amb uns 300 estudiants a l'aula,

and as I walk in, one of the students looks up and says,

i quan vaig entrar, un d'els estudiants em va mirar i va dir:

"Oh, finally, an objective opinion."

"Per fi, una opinió objectiva!"

All that semester, whenever my colleague opened her mouth,

Durant tot aquell semestre, mentres la meva col·lega parlava,

what my students saw was a woman.

només veien una dona.

I mean, if you were to say to my students,

Vull dir, si ella deia:

"There is structural inequality based on gender in the United States,"

"Hi ha una desigualtat de gènere estructural als Estats Units",

they'd say, "Well of course you'd say that.

ells deien: "Normal que ho pensis.

You're a woman. You're biased."

Ets una dona, ets imparcial."

When I say it, they go, "Wow, is that interesting.

I quan jo ho dic pensen: "Ostres, què interessant.

Is that going to be on the test? How do you spell 'structural'?"

Això sortirà a l'examen? Com s'escriu 'estructural'?"

(Laughter)

(Riures)

So I hope you all can see,

Per tant mireu, per què

this is what objectivity looks like.

així és l'objectivitat.

(Laughter) (Applause)

(Riures) (Aplaudiments)

Disembodied Western rationality.

La racionalitat occidental incorpòria.

(Laughter)

(Riures)

And that, by the way, is why I think men so often wear ties.

I per això penso que els homes porten corbata de vegades.

(Laughter)

(Riures)

Because if you are going to embody disembodied Western rationality,

Perquè si voleu que la racionalitat incorpòria occidental tingui cos,

you need a signifier,

necessiteu un indicador,

and what could be a better signifier of disembodied Western rationality

i quin millor per a la racionalitat occidental incorpòria

than a garment that at one end is a noose and the other end points to the genitals?

que un accessori amb un llaç al damunt i una punta que senyala els genitals?

(Laughter) (Applause)

(Riures) (Aplaudiments)

That is mind-body dualism right there.

Això és un exemple de dualisme ment-cos.

So making gender visible to men

Fer que els homes vegin el gènere

is the first step to engaging men to support gender equality.

és el primer pas per què defensin la igualtat de gènere.

Now, when men first hear about gender equality,

Quan escolten "igualtat de gènere" per primer cop,

when they first start thinking about it,

quan començen a pensar-hi,

they often think, many men think,

molts homes pensen:

well, that's right, that's fair, that's just,

està bé, és just, està justificat...

that's the ethical imperative.

aquest és l'imperatiu ètic.

But not all men.

Però no tots ho pensen.

Some men think -- the lightning bolt goes off,

A alguns se'ls hi encén la bombeta

and they go, "Oh my God, yes, gender equality,"

i pensen "Déu meu, igualtat de gènere",

and they will immediately begin to mansplain to you your oppression.

i comencen a parlar sobre la vostra opressió d'una manera sexista i pedant.

They see supporting gender equality something akin to the cavalry,

Veuen la defensa de la igualtat de gènere com una cosa semblant a la cavalleria,

like, "Thanks very much for bringing this to our attention, ladies,

com dir "Moltes gràcies sennyores per fer-nos-ho veure,

we'll take it from here."

ens farem càrrec."

This results in a syndrome that I like to call 'premature self-congratulation.'

I resulta en la síndrome de la "auto-felicitació prematura"

(Laughter) (Applause)

(Riures) (Aplaudiments)

There's another group, though, that actively resists gender equality,

Hi ha un altre grup de resistència activa a la igualtat de gènere,

that sees gender equality as something that is detrimental to men.

i la veuen com quelcom nociu per l'home.

I was on a TV talk show opposite four white men.

Una vegada, estava en un debat a la tele devant de quatre homes:

This is the beginning of the book I wrote, 'Angry White Men.'

així obre el meu llibre "Agry White Men" (Homes blancs i enfadats)

These were four angry white men

Eren quatre homes blancs i enfadats

who believed that they, white men in America,

que creien que ells, homes blancs d'Amèrica,

were the victims of reverse discrimination in the workplace.

eren víctimes de discriminació positiva al treball.

And they all told stories about how they were qualified for jobs,

I tots parlaven sobre les seves qualificacions per a treballs,

qualified for promotions,

i per a promocions,

they didn't get them, they were really angry.

però que no aconseguien; cosa que els cabrejava.

And the reason I'm telling you this is I want you to hear the title

I la raó per la qual us ho explico és per què sabeu el títol

of this particular show.

d'aquest programa.

It was a quote from one of the men,

Era una frase d'un dels homes,

and the quote was,

i la frase deia:

"A Black Woman Stole My Job."

"Un negre m'ha robat el meu treball".

And they all told their stories,

Tots explicaven el seu cas;

qualified for jobs, qualified for promotions,

qualificats per a treballs i promocions

didn't get it, really angry.

que no tenien: s'enfadaven.

And then it was my turn to speak,

I quan em va tocar parlar,

and I said, "I have just one question for you guys,

i vaig dir: "Tinc una pregunta per a vosaltres,

and it's about the title of the show,

i és sobre el títol del programa,

'A Black Woman Stole My Job.'

'Un negre m'ha robat el meu treball'.

Actually, it's about one word in the title.

De fet és sobre una paraula del títol.

I want to know about the word 'my.'

Vull saber més sobre la paraula 'meu'.

Where did you get the idea it was your job?

Per què pensàveu que era vostre?

Why isn't the title of the show, 'A Black Woman Got the Job?'

Per què el programa no es diu 'Una negra va aconseguir el treball?'

or 'A Black Woman Got A Job?'"

o 'Una negra va aconseguir UN treball'?"

Because without confronting men's sense of entitlement,

Perquè sense afrontar aquest sentit de propietat dels homes,

I don't think we'll ever understand why so many men resist gender equality.

mai no entendrem perquè molts altres es resisteixen a la igualtat.

(Applause)

(Aplaudiments)

Look, we think this is a level playing field,

Mireu, pensem que estem en les mateixes condicions,

so any policy that tilts it even a little bit,

i qualsevol llei que les alteri una mica

we think, "Oh my God, water's rushing uphill.

ens fa pensar: "S'ens ha girat en contra.

It's reverse discrimination against us."

Ara patim discriminació positiva."

(Laughter)

(Riures)

So let me be very clear:

Deixeu-me ser molt clar:

white men in Europe and the United States

els homes blancs d'Europa i dels Estats Units

are the beneficiaries of the single greatest affirmative action program

són els beneficiaris del programa d'acció afirmativa més important

in the history of the world.

de la història mundial.

It is called "the history of the world."

Es diu "Història mundial".

(Laughter) (Applause)

(Riures) (Aplaudiments)

So, now I've established some of the obstacles to engaging men,

He presentat alguns obstacles per a comprometre els homes,

but why should we support gender equality?

però hi ha motius per a defensar la igualtat de gènere?

Of course, it's fair, it's right and it's just.

I tant que sí, és justa, és correcta i està justificada.

But more than that,

Però a banda d'això,

gender equality is also in our interest as men.

la igualtat també ens interessa als homes.

If you listen to what men say about what they want in their lives,

Si escolteu parlar els homes sobre què volen a la vida,

gender equality is actually a way for us to get the lives we want to live.

veureu que amb igualtat podem aconseguir les vides que volem.

Gender equality is good for countries.

La igualtat és positiva per als països.

It turns out, according to most studies,

De fet, segons moltes recerques,

that those countries that are the most gender equal

els països on hi ha més igualtat de gènere

are also the countries that score highest on the happiness scale.

tenen la puntuació més alta en l'escala de felicitat.

And that's not just because they're all in Europe.

I això no és només per què siguin tots a Europa.

(Laughter)

(Riures)

Even within Europe, those countries that are more gender equal

Dintre d'Europa, els països amb més igualtat de gènere

also have the highest levels of happiness.

són els més feliços.

It is also good for companies.

També és bo per a les empreses.

Research by Catalyst and others has shown conclusively

Una recerca de Catalyst, entre d'altres, ha demostrat

that the more gender-equal companies are,

que com més igualtat tingui una empresa,

the better it is for workers,

millor seràn els seus treballadors,

the happier their labor force is.

i més feliços treballaràn.

They have lower job turnover. They have lower levels of attrition.

Hi ha menys moviment de personal. Tenen menys nivell de desgast físic.

They have an easier time recruiting.

Els hi és més fàcil reclutar personal.

They have higher rates of retention, higher job satisfaction,

Tenen millors nivells de retenció, i de satisfacció al treball

higher rates of productivity.

i millor productivitat.

So the question I'm often asked in companies is,

La pregunta que sempre em fan a les empreses és

"Boy, this gender equality thing, that's really going to be expensive, huh?"

"Això de l'igualtat de gènere serà molt car, oi?"

And I say, "Oh no, in fact, what you have to start calculating

I els hi dic: "No, de fet has de començar a pensar

is how much gender inequality is already costing you.

cóm t'està sortint de cara la desigualtat de gènere.

It is extremely expensive."

És extremadament cara."

So it is good for business.

O sigui que és bona per als negocis.

And the other thing is, it's good for men.

I d'altra banda, és bona per als homes.

It is good for the kind of lives we want to live,

És bo viure les vides que desitgem,

because young men especially have changed enormously,

perquè els homes joves han canviat molt

and they want to have lives that are animated

i volen tenir vides que incloguin

by terrific relationships with their children.

relacions meravelloses i fills.

They expect their partners, their spouses, their wives,

Volen companyes, esposes i dones

to work outside the home

que treballin fóra

and be just as committed to their careers as they are.

i estiguin tan compromeses amb els seus treballs com ells.

I was talking, to give you an illustration of this change --

Us parlava per donar-vos una imatge d'aquest canvi:

Some of you may remember this.

molts de vosaltres recordareu això.

When I was a lot younger, there was a riddle that was posed to us.

Quan era molt més jove, ens feien una endevinalla.

Some of you may wince to remember this riddle.

A alguns no us agradarà recordar-la.

This riddle went something like this.

La endevinalla deia:

A man and his son are driving on the freeway,

Un home i el seu fill condueixen per l'autopista

and they're in a terrible accident,

i tenen un terrible accident.

and the father is killed,

El pare mor,

and the son is brought to the hospital emergency room,

i s'emporten el fill a la sala d'urgències de l'hospital,

and as they're bringing the son into the hospital emergency room,

i quan l'estàn portant a la sala,

the emergency room attending physician sees the boy and says,

el metge de la sala, veu el noi i diu:

"Oh, I can't treat him, that's my son."

"Oh, no el puc curar, és el meu fill."

How is this possible?

Cóm és possible?

We were flummoxed by this.

Tots érem desconcertats.

We could not figure this out.

No ho podíem entendre.

(Laughter)

(Riures)

Well, I decided to do a little experiment with my 16-year old son.

Doncs jo vaig decidir fer un experiment amb el meu fill de 16 anys.

He had a bunch of his friends hanging out at the house

Ell era amb uns amics a casa,

watching a game on TV recently.

veient un partit a la tele fa poc.

So I decided I would pose this riddle to them,

Així que vaig pensar a dir-lis l'endevinalla

just to see, to gauge the level of change.

per veure el nivell de canvi.

Well, 16-year-old boys,

Doncs, els nois de 16 anys,

they immediately turned to me and said, "It's his mom." Right?

van mirar-me i van dir-me, "És la seva mare. Oi?"

No problem. Just like that.

Sense cap problema. Així mateix.

Except for my son, who said, "Well, he could have two dads."

Excepte el meu fill, que em va dir: o potser té dos pares.

(Laughter) (Applause)

(Riures) (Aplaudiments)

That's an index, an indicator of how things have changed.

Aquest és un indicador de cóm han canviat les coses.

Younger men today expect to be able to balance work and family.

Els homes joves actuals creuen que podràn equilibrar família i treball.

They want to be dual-career, dual-carer couples.

Volen tenir treball tots dos i fer-se càrrec de la família tots dos.

They want to be able to balance work and family with their partners.

Volen equilibrar treball i família amb les seves parelles.

They want to be involved fathers.

Volen ser bons pares.

Now, it turns out

Ara, sembla

that the more egalitarian our relationships,

que com més igualitàries siguin les nostres relacions,

the happier both partners are.

més felices seràn les parelles.

Data from psychologists and sociologists are quite persuasive here.

Les dades de psicòlegs i sociòlegs són molt persuasives en aquest sentit.

I think we have the persuasive numbers, the data, to prove to men

Crec que aquestes dades persuasives fan veure els homes

that gender equality is not a zero-sum game, but a win-win.

que la igualtat no és un joc on es guanya o es perd; sinó on es guanya sempre.

Here's what the data show.

Això demostren les dades.

Now, when men begin the process of engaging

Quan els homes comencen a comprometre's

with balancing work and family,

tot equilibrant treball i família,

we often have two phrases that we use to describe what we do.

tenim dues frases per a descriure-ho:

We pitch in and we help out.

Intervenim i ajudem.

(Laughter)

(Riures)

And I'm going to propose something a little bit more radical,

I vaig a proposar una cosa més radical:

one word: "share."

la paraula "compartir".

(Laughter)

(Riures)

Because here's what the data show:

Perquè les dades demostren que

when men share housework and childcare,

quan els homes comparteixen casa i fills,

their children do better in school.

els nens tenen millors notes.

Their children have lower rates of absenteeism,

Falten molt menys a l'escola

higher rates of achievement.

i tenen millors resultats.

They are less likely to be diagnosed with ADHD.

És menys probable que desenvolupin el TDAH.

They are less likely to see a child psychiatrist.

És menys probable que necessitin ajuda psiquiàtrica.

They are less likely to be put on medication.

És menys probable que necessitin medicació.

So when men share housework and childcare,

Quan els homes comparteixen casa i fills,

their children are happier and healthier,

els nens són més feliços i més sans,

and men want this.

i això volen els homes.

When men share housework and childcare,

Quan comparteixen casa i fills,

their wives are happier. Duh.

les dones són més felices. Ostres.

Not only that, their wives are healthier.

I no només això, sinó que estàn més sanes.

Their wives are less likely to see a therapist,

És menys probable que necessitin un terapeuta,

less likely to be diagnosed with depression,

que les diagnostiquin depressió,

less likely to be put on medication, more likely to go to the gym,

o que necessitin medicació. Serà més probable que vagin al gimnàs,

report higher levels of marital satisfaction.

i que tinguin millors nivells de satisfacció matrimonial.

So when men share housework and childcare,

Així que en compartir casa i fills,

their wives are happier and healthier,

les dones són més felices i sanes,

and men certainly want this as well.

i els homes també ho volen, això.

When men share housework and childcare,

Quan els homes compaginen casa i fills,

the men are healthier.

també estàn més sans.

They smoke less, drink less, take recreational drugs less often.

Fumen menys, beuen menys i prenen menys drogues recreatives.

They are less likely to go to the ER

És menys probable que coneguin l'alliberament prolongat

but more like to go to a doctor for routine screenings.

i que vagin, en canvi, al metge per a revisions rutinàries.

They are less likely to see a therapist,

És menys probable que vagin al terapeuta

less likely to be diagnosed with depression,

i que desenvolupin depressió,

less likely to be taking prescription medication.

i que se'ls hi prescrigui medicació.

So when men share housework and childcare,

Així que quan comparteixen casa i fills,

the men are happier and healthier.

són més feliços i estàn més sans.

And who wouldn't want that?

Qui no ho vol, això?

And finally,

I finalment,

when men share housework and childcare,

si comparteixen casa i fills,

they have more sex.

tenen més sexe.

(Laughter)

(Riures)

Now, of these four fascinating findings,

D'aquests meravellosos descobriments,

which one do you think Men's Health magazine put on its cover?

quin creieu que està a la portada de la revista Men's Health?

(Laughter)

(Riures)

"Housework Makes Her Horny.

"Les tasques domèstiques l'exciten,

(Not When She Does It.)"

(Menys quan les fa ella)"

(Laughter)

(Riures)

Now, I will say,

Ara, us diré

just to remind the men in the audience,

només per recordar als homes del públic,

these data were collected over a really long period of time,

que aquestes dades es van recopil·lar durant molt de temps,

so I don't want listeners to say,

o sigui que no vull que digueu:

"Hmm, OK, I think I'll do the dishes tonight."

"Mm...doncs, avui faré la vaixella."

These data were collected over a really long period of time.

Les dades van ser recollides durant un període ben llarg.

But I think it shows something important,

Però ens mostra quelcom important,

that when Men's Health magazine put it on their cover,

que el que posen a la portada de la Men's Health,

they also called, you'll love this, "Choreplay."

és el que anomenen: "el joc de les tasques".

So, what we found is something really important,

Per tant, hem descobert una cosa molt important;

that gender equality

que la igualtat de gènere

is in the interest of countries,

és important per als països,

of companies, and of men,

per a les empreses i pels homes,

and their children and their partners,

els seus fills i les seves parelles,

that gender equality is not a zero-sum game.

i que la igualtat no és un "tot o res".

It's not a win-lose.

No és un "guanya o perd".

It is a win-win for everyone.

És un "guanya o guanya" per a tothom.

And what we also know

I també sabem

is we cannot fully empower women and girls

que no podem empoderar dones i nenes,

unless we engage boys and men.

sense comprometre nens i homes.

We know this.

Ho sabem.

And my position is

I jo crec

that men need the very things that women have identified

que els homes necessiten allò que volen les dones,

that they need to live the lives they say they want to live

que necessiten viure la vida que diuen que volen viure,

in order to live the lives that we say we want to live.

per què tots podem viure la vida que desitgem.

In 1915, on the eve of one of the great suffrage demonstrations

El 1915, en la revetlla d'una de les grans demostracions sufragistes

down Fifth Avenue in New York City,

de la Cinquena Avinguda de Nova York,

a writer in New York wrote an article in a magazine,

un escriptor de Nova York va escriure un article per a una revista,

and the title of the article was,

i el títol d'aquell article deia:

"Feminism for Men."

"Feminisme per als homes"

And this was the first line of that article:

I aquesta va ser la primera línia d'aquell article:

"Feminism will make it possible for the first time for men to be free."

"El feminisme alliberarà els homes per primer cop"

Thank you.

Moltes gràcies.

(Applause)

(Aplaudiments)